206:
174:) in that, though fur retains heat by holding pockets of air, the air expels under pressure (i.e., when the animal dives). Blubber, however, does not compress under pressure. It is effective enough that some whales can dwell in temperatures as low as 4 °C (40 °F). While diving in cold water, blood vessels covering the blubber constrict and decrease blood flow, thus increasing blubber's efficiency as an insulator.
40:
124:. However, this is not indicative of larger whales' ability to retain heat better, as the thickness of a whale's blubber does not significantly affect heat loss. More indicative of a whale's ability to retain heat is the water and lipid concentration in blubber, as water reduces heat-retaining capacities, and lipid increases them.
197:'s blubber reveals its thickness and lipid content vary greatly amongst individuals and across life history categories. Blubber from emaciated dolphins is a poorer insulator than that from nonpregnant adults, which in turn have a higher heat conductivity than blubber from pregnant females and adolescents.
177:
Blubber aids buoyancy and streamlines the body, because the organized, complex collagenous network supports the noncircular cross sections characteristic of cetaceans. The buoyancy of blubber could be problematic for bottom-feeding marine mammals such as
907:
305:. There is evidence blubber and other fats in the arctic diet also provide the calories needed to replace the lack of carbohydrates which are found in the diets of cultures in the rest of the world.
116:
during some points in their lives, and can range from 5 cm (2 in) thick in dolphins and smaller whales, to more than 30 cm (12 in) thick in some bigger whales, such as
942:
136:, specifically those that live in water. It is particularly important for species that feed and breed in different parts of the ocean. During these periods, the animals
317:(PCBs), carcinogens that damage human nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. The source of PCB concentrations is unknown. Since toothed whales are high on the
104:
and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages. It is strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of
407:
Struntz, D.J.; McLellan, W.A.; Dillaman, R.M.; Blum, J.E.; Kucklick, J.R.; Pabst, D.A. (2004). "Blubber development in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)".
970:
1496:
756:; Barthet, V.; Farren, A.; Falahi, E.; Leggee, D.; Receveur, O.; Berti, P. (2006). "Vitamins A, D, and E in Canadian Arctic traditional food and adult diets".
652:
329:, by merit of the huge amount of food they consume, are bound to have toxic chemicals stored in their bodies. Additionally, there are high levels of
381:
571:
Amson, E.; Argot, C.; McDonald, H. G.; de Muizon, C. (2015). "Osteology and functional morphology of the axial postcranium of the marine sloth
794:
503:
477:
1301:
884:
1583:
1088:
908:"Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in marine biota of the Canadian Arctic: An overview of spatial and temporal trends"
277:. The oil could serve in the manufacture of soap, leather, and cosmetics. Whale oil was used in candles as wax, and in
1011:
974:
1489:
251:
and of other northern peoples, because of its high energy value and availability. Whale blubber, which tastes like
811:
Teuten, E. L.; Xu, L; Reddy, CM (2005). "Two
Abundant Bioaccumulated Halogenated Compounds Are Natural Products".
612:"The ontogenetic changes in the thermal properties of blubber from Atlantic bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus"
532:
Horgan, P.; Booth, D.; Nichols, C.; Lanyon, J. M. (2014). "Insulative capacity of the integument of the dugong (
1549:
1503:
1542:
1202:
17:
661:
2177:
1535:
1209:
1104:
1058:
1576:
301:. Without the vitamin D, for example, the Inuit and other natives of the Arctic would likely suffer from
262:
1528:
1167:
1146:
1067:
686:
314:
31:
857:"Chemical Compounds Found In Whale Blubber Are From Natural Sources, Not Industrial Contamination"
712:]. Uppdrag i Världen (in Swedish). Göteborg: Himmelriket på Jorden Publikationer. p. 138.
205:
2187:
2182:
1195:
856:
450:
Kvadsheim, P.H.; Folkow, L.P.; Blix, A.S. (1996). "Thermal conductivity of minke whale blubber".
982:
2192:
1901:
1569:
1153:
783:
1280:
1234:
1188:
1139:
1004:
2197:
1839:
1118:
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1044:
918:
820:
190:
499:
8:
2151:
2122:
1181:
753:
485:
351:
294:
101:
922:
876:
824:
1510:
1273:
1125:
1111:
1029:
844:
592:
553:
432:
194:
156:
1709:
1227:
1174:
1160:
1081:
934:
836:
633:
536:): thermal conductivity, conductance and resistance measured by in vitro heat flux".
463:
424:
330:
1979:
930:
596:
557:
436:
2082:
1699:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1132:
1097:
997:
926:
848:
828:
765:
623:
584:
545:
459:
416:
359:(whale blubber and skin as consumed in the North American and East Siberian Arctic)
322:
160:
140:
fat. Blubber may save energy for marine mammals, such as dolphins, in that it adds
2017:
1885:
1829:
1482:
334:
217:
1333:
2042:
2037:
2022:
1340:
769:
186:, both of which do or probably did have limited amounts of it for that reason.
152:
74:
54:
588:
549:
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1994:
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121:
113:
78:
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1989:
1964:
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117:
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1999:
1974:
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137:
82:
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171:
2047:
2032:
2009:
1930:
1862:
1760:
1750:
1670:
1660:
1607:
1354:
382:"Incredible Jurassic ichthyosaur fossil still has skin and blubber"
346:
278:
179:
141:
109:
97:
62:
51:
1736:
1615:
1393:
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1361:
1020:
302:
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70:
66:
58:
39:
1781:
1694:
1675:
1651:
1637:
1421:
1400:
1319:
356:
133:
105:
321:, they likely consume large amounts of industrial pollutants (
1620:
1449:
248:
93:
155:
in its extra thickness, which provides an efficient thermal
1719:
1704:
1665:
1647:
1632:
752:
575:(Mammalia, Tardigrada) with paleobiological implications".
570:
406:
989:
112:, can comprise up to 50 per cent of the body mass of some
1853:
1598:
531:
1497:
International
Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
971:"Education Resources for Teachers--Blubber Experiment"
703:
650:
261:
largely targeted the collection of blubber: whalers
449:
740:Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite
2169:
704:Stefansson, Eero; Adriaensen, Arxontis (1893).
313:In the 21st century, blubber contains man-made
285:can yield a blubber harvest of up to 50 tons.
1577:
1005:
810:
660:. Kitikmeot Heritage Society. Archived from
132:Blubber is the primary fat storage on some
1584:
1570:
1012:
998:
521:. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. p. 12.
516:
644:
627:
525:
1591:
1302:Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale
877:"Japan warned on 'contaminated' blubber"
758:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
731:
564:
204:
38:
722:
716:
293:Blubber from whales and seals contains
170:Blubber has advantages over fur (as in
163:. Blubber is more vascularized—rich in
14:
2170:
905:
609:
243:language) is an important part of the
1776:
1565:
993:
887:from the original on 23 February 2009
151:Blubber differs from other forms of
255:biscuits, has similar properties.
200:
24:
863:(Press release). 18 February 2005.
651:Ohokak, G.; M. Kadlun; B. Harnum.
100:fiber-laced blubber comprises the
25:
2209:
963:
800:from the original on 8 June 2011.
723:Donovan, Greg (2008). "Whaling".
1490:International Whaling Commission
915:Science of the Total Environment
506:from the original on 4 May 2017.
931:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.034
899:
869:
804:
776:
746:
697:
679:
616:Journal of Experimental Biology
333:in the blubber of seals of the
159:, making blubber essential for
1550:Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
1504:Institute of Cetacean Research
710:Missionaries Among the Eskimos
654:Inuinnaqtun-English Dictionary
603:
577:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
510:
492:
470:
443:
400:
374:
88:
27:Thick layer of animal body fat
13:
1:
1543:South Pacific Whale Sanctuary
368:
1536:Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary
906:Braune, B (16 August 2005).
517:Galbraith, Don; et al.
500:"Secrets of the Ocean Realm"
464:10.1016/0306-4565(95)00034-8
167:—than other adipose tissue.
7:
1019:
340:
308:
127:
10:
2214:
1529:Australian Whale Sanctuary
770:10.1016/j.jfca.2005.02.007
706:Missionärer bland Eskimåer
691:Asuilaak Living Dictionary
452:Journal of Thermal Biology
29:
2139:
2008:
1939:
1910:
1894:
1861:
1852:
1797:
1769:
1735:
1684:
1646:
1606:
1597:
1520:
1474:
1378:
1311:
1265:
1219:
1036:
1027:
589:10.1007/s10914-014-9280-7
550:10.1007/s00227-014-2428-4
288:
73:. It was present in many
315:polychlorinated biphenyl
32:Blubber (disambiguation)
833:10.1126/science.1106882
273:, or later, in vats on
227:
2053:Linseed (flaxseed) oil
983:"Arctic Facts-Blubber"
610:Dunkin, R. C. (2005).
484:. AAAS. Archived from
224:
57:under the skin of all
44:
2088:Rapeseed (canola) oil
1281:Dolphin drive hunting
1235:Jarmann harpoon rifle
488:on 21 September 2013.
409:Journal of Morphology
208:
42:
1840:Vegetable shortening
1592:Edible fats and oils
239:, ("blubber" in the
191:thermal conductivity
50:is a thick layer of
30:For other uses, see
2178:Animal fat products
2123:Watermelon seed oil
923:2005ScTEn.351....4B
883:. 24 January 2001.
825:2005Sci...307..917T
784:"The Inuit Paradox"
667:on 4 September 2012
352:Greenlandic cuisine
295:omega-3 fatty acids
1511:Whale conservation
1274:Aboriginal whaling
1030:History of whaling
421:10.1002/jmor.10154
281:as fuel. A single
225:
195:bottlenose dolphin
189:Research into the
45:
2165:
2164:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
1848:
1847:
1770:Other animal fats
1710:Manteiga-da-terra
1559:
1558:
1228:Explosive harpoon
1089:Pacific Northwest
1059:Western Australia
977:on 17 April 2008.
948:on 10 August 2017
725:Microsoft Encarta
629:10.1242/jeb.01559
388:. 5 December 2018
245:traditional diets
16:(Redirected from
2205:
2083:Pumpkin seed oil
1980:Mongongo nut oil
1908:
1907:
1859:
1858:
1700:Clarified butter
1604:
1603:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1562:
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1364:
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1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1258:
1256:Two-flue harpoon
1251:
1249:Toggling harpoon
1244:
1242:One-flue harpoon
1237:
1230:
1212:
1205:
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1047:
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1007:
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991:
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986:
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973:. Archived from
958:
957:
955:
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947:
941:. Archived from
912:
903:
897:
896:
894:
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873:
867:
864:
852:
819:(5711): 917–20.
808:
802:
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799:
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774:
773:
764:(6–7): 495–506.
750:
744:
743:
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695:
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693:. November 2016.
683:
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659:
648:
642:
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600:
568:
562:
561:
544:(6): 1395–1407.
529:
523:
522:
514:
508:
507:
496:
490:
489:
478:"Bouncy Blubber"
474:
468:
467:
447:
441:
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404:
398:
397:
395:
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378:
201:Human influences
182:and the extinct
161:thermoregulation
21:
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2208:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2127:
2018:Ambadi seed oil
2004:
1935:
1897:
1890:
1886:Shark liver oil
1844:
1830:Palm kernel oil
1793:
1765:
1731:
1680:
1642:
1593:
1590:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
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1483:Blue Whale Unit
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917:. 351–352: 32.
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335:Canadian arctic
323:bioaccumulation
311:
291:
230:
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130:
91:
75:marine reptiles
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Marine mammals
2185:
2183:Whale products
2180:
2163:
2162:
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2149:
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2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:Grape seed oil
2040:
2038:Cottonseed oil
2035:
2030:
2025:
2023:Apple seed oil
2020:
2014:
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2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
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1799:
1798:Vegetable fats
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1789:
1784:
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1344:
1341:Harpoon cannon
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1068:Basque Country
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1016:
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964:External links
962:
960:
959:
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868:
866:
865:
803:
791:Washington.edu
775:
754:Kuhnlein, H.V.
745:
730:
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696:
678:
643:
622:(8): 1469–80.
602:
583:(4): 473–518.
563:
538:Marine Biology
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482:Science Update
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193:of the common
153:adipose tissue
129:
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122:bowhead whales
114:marine mammals
90:
87:
55:adipose tissue
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2210:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Inuit cuisine
2191:
2189:
2186:
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2181:
2179:
2176:
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2173:
2158:
2157:Essential oil
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2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
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2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Sunflower oil
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Safflower oil
2096:
2094:
2093:Rice bran oil
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Poppyseed oil
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2029:
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2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Pistachio oil
1993:
1991:
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1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Macadamia oil
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275:factory ships
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43:Whale blubber
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Whale blubber
2118:Tea seed oil
1990:Pine nut oil
1965:Hazelnut oil
1820:Mango butter
1810:Cocoa butter
1715:Niter kibbeh
1407:
1334:GrindaknĂvur
1320:Whaling ship
1266:Hunting type
1196:South Africa
975:the original
950:. Retrieved
943:the original
914:
901:
889:. Retrieved
880:
871:
861:ScienceDaily
860:
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748:
739:
738:"Cetacean".
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669:. Retrieved
662:the original
653:
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573:Thalassocnus
572:
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534:Dugong dugon
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486:the original
481:
472:
458:(2): 123–8.
455:
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390:. Retrieved
385:
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312:
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257:
236:
232:
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222:South Africa
218:Simon's Town
213:
188:
176:
169:
150:
131:
92:
79:ichthyosaurs
52:vascularized
47:
46:
36:
2198:Animal fats
2147:Cooking oil
2108:Soybean oil
2073:Perilla oil
2058:Mustard oil
1921:Avocado oil
1881:Seaweed oil
1863:Marine oils
1835:Shea butter
1815:Coconut oil
1746:Chicken fat
1725:Urfa butter
1521:Sanctuaries
1475:Regulations
1457:Whale feces
1288:Drift whale
1168:Philippines
1154:New Zealand
1147:Netherlands
952:26 February
891:31 December
415:(1): 7–20.
214:Blubber Pot
89:Description
83:plesiosaurs
2172:Categories
2103:Sesame oil
2063:Peanut oil
2028:Castor oil
2000:Walnut oil
1975:Marula oil
1960:Cashew oil
1950:Almond oil
1896:Vegetable
1436:Spermaceti
1348:Head spade
1312:Implements
1189:Seychelles
1140:Madagascar
1037:By country
519:Biology 11
392:12 January
369:References
363:Whale meat
319:food chain
283:blue whale
172:sea otters
138:metabolize
102:hypodermis
77:, such as
2152:Plant oil
2068:Pequi oil
2010:Seed oils
1985:Pecan oil
1955:Argan oil
1926:Olive oil
1876:Krill oil
1825:Margarine
1787:Whale oil
1756:Goose fat
1608:Pork fats
1443:Sperm oil
1429:Scrimshaw
1387:Ambergris
1327:Whaleboat
1119:Greenland
1052:Australia
1045:Argentina
687:"Blubber"
299:vitamin D
279:oil lamps
253:arrowroot
241:Inuktitut
180:sirenians
157:insulator
110:ligaments
71:sirenians
63:pinnipeds
59:cetaceans
2143:See also
2048:Hemp oil
2033:Corn oil
1931:Palm oil
1761:Schmaltz
1751:Duck fat
1671:Tail fat
1661:Dripping
1379:Products
1355:Paledang
1220:Harpoons
1182:Scotland
939:16109439
885:Archived
881:BBC News
841:15705850
795:Archived
638:15802671
597:16700349
558:83824482
504:Archived
437:24897702
429:14666521
347:Globster
341:See also
325:); even
309:Toxicity
271:try pots
265:it into
263:rendered
216:seen in
146:swimming
142:buoyancy
128:Function
98:collagen
67:penguins
1777:Blubber
1737:Poultry
1616:Fatback
1408:Blubber
1394:Ambrein
1369:Trywork
1362:Try pot
1126:Iceland
1112:Germany
1021:Whaling
919:Bibcode
849:9377016
821:Bibcode
813:Science
742:. 2008.
671:6 March
386:Science
331:mercury
303:rickets
259:Whaling
247:of the
210:Try pot
134:mammals
106:tendons
96:-rich,
48:Blubber
1782:Muktuk
1695:Butter
1676:Tallow
1652:Mutton
1638:Lardon
1422:Muktuk
1401:Baleen
1175:Russia
1161:Norway
1082:Canada
1075:Brazil
937:
847:
839:
636:
595:
556:
435:
427:
357:Muktuk
289:Health
144:while
69:, and
1912:Fruit
1686:Dairy
1621:Lardo
1450:Tabua
1133:Japan
1098:Chile
946:(PDF)
911:(PDF)
845:S2CID
798:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
708:[
665:(PDF)
658:(PDF)
593:S2CID
554:S2CID
433:S2CID
249:Inuit
237:uqsuq
235:, or
233:Uqhuq
118:right
94:Lipid
1943:oils
1914:oils
1902:List
1898:oils
1854:Oils
1739:fats
1720:Smen
1705:Ghee
1688:fats
1666:Suet
1654:fats
1648:Beef
1633:Lard
1626:Salo
1599:Fats
1461:meat
954:2018
935:PMID
893:2009
837:PMID
673:2013
634:PMID
425:PMID
394:2024
297:and
228:Uses
120:and
108:and
81:and
1941:Nut
1465:oil
927:doi
829:doi
817:307
766:doi
624:doi
620:208
585:doi
546:doi
542:161
460:doi
417:doi
413:259
269:in
267:oil
220:in
212:or
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