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130 kHz, much higher than the previously reported energy peaks centered at 35 to 60 kHz. That report did much to explain why Scott
Johnson had earlier found that bottlenosed dolphins heard sounds up to 150 kHz, but only later did Au report that the previously reported lower peak energy clicks were typical of animals in pools while higher peak energy signals were typically found in the open waters when the animals were looking for small targets a good distance away. That paper also began a precise and methodical examination of the echolocation of dolphins and other small whales carried out by Au that has served to establish, describe, and quantify the echolocation performance and signal characteristics of animals that echolocate under water.
268:. New York: Springer-Verlag. Covers measurement and generation of underwater sounds, propagation of acoustic signals, signal processing techniques, and advanced devices used in the field, animal recording methods, animal auditory systems and vocalizations, psychological and physiological testing procedures, and echolocation in marine mammals.
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The name of the Naval
Undersea Center's Hawaii Laboratory changed many times and in 1993 the then-named Naval Ocean Systems Center's Hawaii Laboratory was closed by Congress. While the entire group had the opportunity to move to San Diego and join the Space Warfare Systems Center's program, Au had an
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in Hawaiʻi. Being Hawaii-raised, Whit took the opportunity to step down out of the ionosphere and to take a quick look toward the ocean at the biosonar or echolocation performance of the Navy's "secret" dolphins. It can't be said for certain how much Whit's fascination for understanding the dolphin's
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to join the marine mammal research program. Au did not hesitate; he immediately took the opportunity to become a faculty member and continue echolocation and hearing research with dolphins and small whales in Hawaii. His research effort did not decline; in fact, his productivity, as evidenced in the
152:. An analysis and appreciation of this work might best be described by quoting some of the reviewers that did the initial book reviews. David Pye wrote that "... Whitlow Au has written a splendid book, which is likely to become a classic in its field, and of considerable interest well outside it." (
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Au's first paper on the echolocation of dolphins surprised a few people. He, along with physicist Bob Floyd and biologists Earl
Murchison and Ralph Penner found that typical dolphin echolocation signals in the open water had average durations near 40 microseconds with peak energies between 120 and
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This book seemed to come at the peak of Au's productivity. Dolphin and whale echolocation had been systematically studied at the Hawaii
Laboratory since 1970 by combining the skills of electrical engineers, psychologists, biologists, physiologists, physicists, mechanical engineers, veterinarians,
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has been extensive: In 1993–94, he made Animal
Bioacoustics a separate technical committee within the ASA, and in 1994 he and Mardi Hastings were appointed its first co-chair. In 1997 he was elected chair of that committee. Since the late 1990s he has been the associate editor for
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space program and was the project officer on a research program studying the propagation of radar signals through the plasma sheath of reentry vehicles at the Air Force
Weapons Laboratory in New Mexico. He died on February 12, 2020, after two months of heart problems at age 79.
282:. Covers cetacean ears, impulse sound sources, communication and acoustic behavior, the auditory central nervous system, electrophysiological measures of auditory processing, psychoacoustic studies of dolphin, echolocation in dolphins, and acoustic models of sound production.
50:, who credits Au for discovering how sophisticated dolphin sonar is, developing dolphin-inspired machine sonars to separate different species of fish with the goal of protecting sensitive species, and for making numerous contributions to the description of
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from 1974 to the present day contains dozens of articles with Au's name in the authorship line, a remarkably productive development of the fundamental knowledge of dolphin and whale biosonar. Based on this work and his service, Au became a Fellow of the
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366, 376 (1993)) while Bertel Møhl wrote that "This book is an authoritative, precise and comprehensive treatise in 277 pages of what is known about sonar (or echolocation) in dolphins, written by the leading scientist in the field" . James
Fullard
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echolocation, or his love of the
Islands, influenced his decision, but he decided to join the biosonar research group at the Hawaii Laboratory of the Naval Undersea Center. He then was quickly advanced to the head of its Biosonar Branch.
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astute animal trainers, and, to quote the preface to Au's book, "a political scientist." That combination of professional skills allowed the "mountain of work" on dolphin sonar to be completed and very well presented in
118:, California. Part of the new professional program was to expose newly hired professionals to the various types of programs going on at the San Diego Laboratory and also at its "
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off of Maui. He was invited to review the biological acoustics laboratories for the Danish
National Research Foundation and has been collaborating on the echolocation of
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77:. He received his early education at St. Louis High School from the Catholic Brothers and went on to graduate from the University of Hawaiʻi with his B.S. in
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number and breadth of publications, has accelerated. He has taken on several students and expanded work to include the acoustics of wild
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261:. New York: Springer-Verlag. Provides a variety of findings on signal strength, directionality, discrimination, biology and more.
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402:"Measurement of echolocation signals of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, in open waters"
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in 1962. Following that graduation he left the
Islands to study electrical engineering in the doctoral program at
243:. He has been on the Executive Council of the ASA, was vice-president of the ASA in 2006, and President in 2009.
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260, 1672 (1993)) noted that "Au's book is an excellent synthesis of the mountain of work on dolphin sonar..."
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387:"In memoriam: Marine mammal echolocation pioneer, Whitlow Au | University of Hawaiʻi System News"
373:"In memoriam: Marine mammal echolocation pioneer, Whitlow Au | University of Hawaiʻi System News"
359:"In memoriam: Marine mammal echolocation pioneer, Whitlow Au | University of Hawaiʻi System News"
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Nachtigall, Paul. (1998) Citation for Whitlow W. L. Au. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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Upon completion of his Air Force service, Whit was recruited and hired as a new professional at the
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19:(July 31, 1940 – February 12, 2020) was a leading expert in bioacoustics specializing in
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Au, Whitlow W. L.; Floyd, Robert W.; Penner, Ralph H.; Murchison, A. Earl (1974-10-01).
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in 1990. His 20-plus years of investigation were summarized and expanded in his book
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He acted as the Chief Scientist of the Marine Mammal Research Program of the
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song, which helped protect these whales from ship noise and ship traffic.
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Whitlow W. L. Au, Arthur N. Popper, and Richard R. Fay (2000).
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534:"Acoustical Society of America Gold Medal: Whitlow W. L. Au"
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615:
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177:offer to move over to the University of Hawaii's
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538:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
497:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
406:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
241:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
85:on the drier side of the state of Washington in
264:Whitlow W.L. Au and Mardi C. Hastings (2008).
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993:Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
141:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
292:1993: Fellow, Acoustical Society of America
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226:Work for the Acoustical Society of America
35:(2008). Au was honored as a Fellow of the
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1003:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa faculty
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617:Acoustic Society of America Gold Medal
468:"Obituary Whitlow W. L. Au, 1941–2020"
983:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
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124:Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay
43:in 1998. He was graduate advisor to
39:in 1990 and awarded the ASA's first
297:Silver Medal in Animal Bioacoustics
179:Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology
41:Silver Medal in Animal Bioacoustics
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988:Washington State University alumni
581:Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
326:Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
198:echolocating through sediments in
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65:until his death in February 2020.
59:Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
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266:Principles of Marine Bioacoustics
33:Principles of Marine Bioacoustics
31:(1993) and, with Mardi Hastings,
532:Simmons, James A. (2016-04-01).
97:honor societies. Au joined the
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280:Hearing by Whales and Dolphins
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321:Acoustical Society of America
232:Acoustical Society of America
146:Acoustical Society of America
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37:Acoustical Society of America
503:(5): 2539–2541. 1999-05-01.
448:"ASA at 75 | asahistory.org"
206:off of the Eastern Coast of
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83:Washington State University
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978:American marine biologists
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257:Whitlow W. L. Au (1993).
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880:Katherine Safford Harris
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202:, the acoustics of wild
99:United States Air Force
73:Whitlow Au was born in
700:Raymond W. B. Stephens
167:The Sonar of Dolphins.
79:electrical engineering
826:Henning E. von Gierke
676:Frederick Vinton Hunt
493:"Acoustical News—USA"
259:The Sonar of Dolphins
150:The Sonar of Dolphins
112:Naval Undersea Center
63:University of Hawaiʻi
29:The Sonar of Dolphins
778:Manfred R. Schroeder
658:Robert Bruce Lindsay
172:University of Hawaii
135:Biosonar of Dolphins
940:William M. Hartmann
862:Chester M. McKinney
850:Tony F. W. Embleton
790:David T. Blackstock
736:Laurence Batchelder
670:Vern Oliver Knudsen
316:Animal Echolocation
237:Animal Bioacoustics
196:bottlenose dolphins
928:Gerhard M. Sessler
802:Kenneth N. Stevens
634:Floyd A. Firestone
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122:" facility on the
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892:Thomas D. Rossing
772:Eugen J. Skudrzyk
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628:Wallace Waterfall
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910:William Kuperman
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348:: pages 981-985.
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45:MacArthur Fellow
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220:Netherlands
200:the Bahamas
187:Kaneohe Bay
120:skunk works
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898:Jiri Tichy
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820:Floyd Dunn
478:2021-11-29
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332:References
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