Knowledge

:WikiProject Middle-earth/Standards - Knowledge

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For many aspects of Middle-earth, earlier and later versions of the stories are available. Knowledge articles should not present a canon version of the legendarium, but should contain information about the different versions and history of the composition of the stories. One way to do this is to have
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When citing books or papers, you should indicate where the specific content was referenced from. For a paper, provide the full page range of the paper, not just the page(s) you used. For books, provide author, title, chapter, date, publisher, and ISBN. For non-Tolkien books, list the pages used (not
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Knowledge articles must be referenced. Primary sources are required to verify the facts but these do not contribute to notability, so a detailed factual article can be deleted if it is unsupported by secondary sources. Reliable secondary sources that provide detailed interpretations are required to
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that generally fictional articles should be written in present tense, Tolkien-related articles are an exception, due to the fact that we are discussing more than just plots of novels, we are outlining the history of a fictional world — the novels are written in past tense because they are memoirs
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These tags are important as a request to editors to improve an article which does not meet wikipedia's quality standards. Please do not remove a tag unless the problem has been fixed. Referencing may seem tedious, but it is critically important. If you would like help with referencing an article,
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If an article contains several dates from the same reckoning period then include the sentence, "Dates are given in years of the ], unless otherwise noted." Subsequent references to this reckoning can then be simply numeric (e.g. '2918') with no identifying label. This system can also be used for
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Use capital letters when writing about the races of Middle-earth, but lower-case when writing about individuals or groups of individuals i.e. Elves, Dwarves, Men, Hobbits, Orcs, Istari, Valar, etc. (e.g. "the hobbits walked down the road", "Hobbits have hairy feet", "the hobbit jumped over the
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This is a style guide for Tolkien-related articles in an effort to organize and standardize Tolkien-related articles, lists, categories, templates, and other items in general. Please note that this may change according to WikiPolicy or participant consensus. Please take particular note of the
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If a topic is fully described in an entry within a list (or if a page has been merged into a list), a redirect should be created (or preserved) directing to this entry, using a construction #REDIRECT ], where "Entry" is either the title of a section in a list or the id value of the <div:
1240:*For example, when referencing simple facts (such as the colour of Gloin's beard), it is better to cite the primary source. When you are citing a reference for "interpretation" (i.e. the "meaning" of various different colours of the Dwarves' beard) a secondary source is needed. 1355:. Knowledge is not a link farm nor a web directory. Do not link to ten or more sites. There are exceptions to this case, but a vast quantity of external links are usually frowned upon. Three to four links are usually enough. 735:
should be about two to three paragraphs long. This should summarize the content of each section of the article, which should cover its in-universe history and its textual history; scholarly analysis of the topic; and its use in
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All articles dealing with fictional "in-universe" material must be written in an out-of-universe (OOU) perspective. In the first place, consider stating where each piece of information is given in books, e.g. "Throughout
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Books and other sources that you use more than once should be listed after the References in a section called "Sources". You may find it convenient to list all your sources in this way, in case any are later reused.
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and accurate information that has not been mentioned in the article. On controversial articles that contain multiple points of view, have at least equal amount of sites presenting each point of view with a detailed
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either. Use the words "story" (for the story as a whole), "book", "books" (both for LotR, its volumes and the 6 books — but make clear which you are referring to), "volume", "volumes" (for the three volumes of
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Any Tolkien-related material which was created by individuals other than J. R. R. Tolkien should not be included in Knowledge unless it is part of an adaptation which is notable in its own right (e.g.
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For articles with only a few dates (or only a few differing from the stated standard reckoning for the article) it is easiest to just spell out the reckoning period in full; 'in the year 3319 of the
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Redirects from names or spellings that were used by Tolkien for some time but were later replaced with others should be created only if there is a possibility that they are entered by a user (e.g.
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Similarly for Tolkien's letters, please use the letter numbers not pages, as the letter numbers are stable across the various editions. Put * {{ME-ref|Letters}} in "Sources", which produces this:
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Minor characters/locations/items or those whose page cannot be expanded further (e.g. five or more paragraphs) in terms of encyclopedic information should be merged within their respective lists.
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To escape confusion, do not use the abbreviation "F. A.", as it can refer to both to the First Age and the Fourth. For the former, use "Y. S." (Years of the Sun in the First Age, see note in
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to the "Sources" list – these examples are entered as * {{ME-ref|TT}} and * {{ME-ref|ROAD}} respectively, which automatically create fully-formatted citations, giving the following results:
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the whole book) in each reference to the book in the article text. For Tolkien books, since there are many editions, identify the chapter by number and title, e.g. '<ref group=T: -->
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Generally, there should not be duplicates of the same links. However, if you have made a link in captions or the infobox, it is a good idea to make the same link in the article.
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Because all fictional articles must be in out-of-universe perspective, dates cannot be included after the first mentioned of a characters name. For more information, read the
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if available, place book illustrations first in the article, especially in infoboxes. Screenshots and other images from adaptations properly belong in an Adaptations section.
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If you encounter a topic that does not have its own article or an entry in a list, create an eponymous redirect to any mention of this topic in any article and tag it with
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For redirects from titles similar to the name of an article but with a different spelling (this includes omission of articles and capitalization but not misspellings), use
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In cases of having articles on several items of the list, it is best to link the encyclopedia instead of multiple links of different articles on the same encyclopedia.
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Avoid the definite article ("the") and the indefinite article ("a"/"an") unless addressing the titles of a books, series, movies, etc. For more information, refer to
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be linked on articles under any circumstances: sites with unverified original research, any form of advertising (whether it's a site or a product), any
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Lists should be named "List of..." If the topic is disambiguous, then 'Middle-earth' should be placed prior to the noun. Remember to take care of the
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Primary (Tolkien) sources should be grouped in a "Primary" reference list (using {{reflist|group=T|30em}}) above the main "Secondary" reference list.
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Generally, do not categorize things twice. However, if two or more categories from different sub-branches apply, then it would be proper to use both.
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ALL images under fair use (e.g. icons, logos, drawings, maps, flags, photos, etc.) should be uploaded in a widely-used format such as PNG or JPG.
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Use italics for "isolated words and phrases in other languages". In terms of Tolkien-related articles, this would include anything in the
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things related to the subject of the list. For example, if the list is about Hobbits, major characters must be included, along with the
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series, as opposed to the old spellings published in older texts (e.g. NĂşmenĂłrean, Enedhwaith, NĂ­rnaeth). An exception to this rule is
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Secondary sources should be referenced to a range of page numbers, or to the name of a chapter, e.g. '{{sfn|Shippey|2005|p=123}}'.
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a '==Concept and creation==' section in the article. Please source such material to the posthumously published works, such as
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Concept and creation – details the process on how the book was created; this includes development of the text, etymology, etc.
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be linked: real-world dates, places, people that have a major connection with the subject, technical terms, characters, etc.
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The sequence 'T. A. 2950', calendar system before year, was frequently used by Tolkien and generally followed on Knowledge.
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For redirects that are unlikely to be used (including uncommon misspellings) but are preserved for historical reasons, use
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All articles about an in-universe topic should be placed under the most familiar name (in most cases, consult the index to
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For quotations, use "double quotes" and 'single quotes' for nesting quotations a.k.a. "quotations 'within' quotations".
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Abbreviations of names of books, movies, series, people, etc. should not be used in articles or lists (e.g. write out
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Avoid inserting your interpretation, speculation, theories, analysis, etc. As stated by Knowledge's no policy,
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Be aware of overusing translations for every article. Use translations only if it is relevant to the article.
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For Tolkien-related articles and lists, references to sources must appear in a section called "References".
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When referring to adaptations, label them clearly as to avoid confusion with works of the same name (e.g. "
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relate to the topic), articles about the subject of article on other encyclopedias or vast resources (e.g.
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There should not be more than one fair-use illustration or photograph from the same artist in an article.
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should begin with wording similar to "In ]'s ], '''''' is a character/place/event...", which gives: "In
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Before creating a category, please check to see if there is a same existing category or subcategory in
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designations for the topic used in books should have eponymous redirects pointing to the main article.
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This is a style guide for Tolkien-related articles. For general fiction-related style guidelines, see
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Analysis – how scholars see the character, what themes are involved; this is essential to establish
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Analysis – how and why scholars see the location as significant: this is essential to establish
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before the entry. In this case, the introduction of the main article should serve in the list.
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Any article or section that is written in in-universe perspective should be tagged with the
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only if the information on that character/location/item in the work of fiction is too long
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For redirects from titles similar to the name of an article but missing diacritics, use
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Reception – how scholars and critics have received the book: this is vital to establish
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Take note of correct spellings of in-universe names, including diacritical marks (e.g.
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Always include a description of the image: where the image came from, what it is, etc.
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For articles with many dates which differ from the stated standard reckoning use the
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If articles contain references only to primary sources, they should be tagged with
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fence", "the Elf lord bowed before them", "the orcs were running over the plain").
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In general, use the newer, phonetic spelling appearing in later texts as well as
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template. It can be placed in the lead section if translating the article title.
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article sub-sections which contain several dates from the same reckoning period.
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When inserting a translation of a word in another language, consider using the
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template; if the section in the list deals with several similar subjects (e.g.
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Articles that fail to satisfy notability guidelines should be tagged with the
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Remember that the External links serve as further reading, not advertisement
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on how to format and present article content within their area of interest.
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template at the top; lists using alphabetical subheadings should contain
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Articles must not begin with a quotation. Knowledge has a sisterproject,
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Always use italics for titles of books, series, movies, game, etc. (e.g.
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Take note of correct singular and plural forms of terms. (E.g. an Uruk
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For redirects from other names and titles, including translations, use
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If you are not sure of the copyright, then it is best not to upload it.
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Lists should have a general introduction around one to five sentences.
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The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology
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typeface for the topic of the article at first mention in the article.
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directly with an anchored link (sc. use ] and ] instead of ] and ]).
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Avoid overusing parenthesis in titles of articles, unless there is
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References to Tolkien's own writings in any of the 12 volumes of
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Always tag the image you're uploading with image copyright tags.
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Every article must demonstrate the real-world significance (or "
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If you are unfamiliar with British spelling, use the very handy
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of characters, concepts, etc. Only use those terms to refer to
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series, as well as sourcing literary analysis of such material.
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Linking to an entry in a list should be done using a redirect,
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If the entry is devoted solely to the topic in question (e.g.
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If articles contain no references, they should be tagged with
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The body sections should generally follow in this order with
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The body sections should generally follow in this order with
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The body sections should generally follow in this order with
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The body sections should generally follow in this order with
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tags and breaking up the page with alphabetical subheadings.
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If a list contains less than 30 entries (approximately, use
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from other languages, e.g. terms for objects and creatures (
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Do not link regular, plain old English words (e.g. queen).
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Major characters/locations/items are given their own page
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Avoid using slashes to join words. Instead, spell it out.
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Participants can quote the style guide by the following:
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Other articles which require more should be tagged with
1243:*Examples of secondary and tertiary sources include the 885:– this may include film, artwork, music, games and so on 663:), unless the topics are merged in an article or a list. 62: 1125:{{harvnb|loc=ch. 1 "An Unexpected Party"}}</ref: --> 864:– possibly with subheadings for major book appearances 1847:) or the list is embedded into a larger article (e.g. 1571: 1182:'s commentary on his father's writings are secondary. 575:, which will be spelled with an ordinary N as decided 416:, ...", "In associated notes Tolkien stated that ...". 217:, and consider if the subcategory is really necessary. 2110: 724:
The subject of the article at first mention must be
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about the subject of article, web directory full of
1202:or peer-reviewed articles in Tolkien journals like 1162:Then cite a letter like this: <ref group=T: --> 728:, preferably in the first sentence in the article. 388:Write formally. Avoid using contractions such as 80:It contains the advice or opinions of one or more 1344:Knowledge's style guide concerning External links 651:Knowledge's official policy on naming conventions 2174: 1459:. All new list should be added to that category. 710:is a character/place/event..." Alternatively: " 513:Articles should use British syntax, such as the 2017:Avoid adaptation-derived terms to describe the 1191:For interpretations or opinions, you must cite 2096: 1691:On talk pages of disambiguation pages, place 1042:to add citations to books by Tolkien such as 205: 1653:Knowledge:WikiProject Middle-earth/Templates 267:. Note that italics should be used only for 1509:Lists organized as sections should contain 517:in phrases like "The critic Jack Smith...". 482:Knowledge's style guide concerning spelling 439:All articles that cover in-universe events 2103: 2089: 2072:The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare 1532:For linking and redirecting to lists, see 1223:For simple, non-controversial facts about 900:Manual of Style when writing about fiction 649:For more information, please refer to the 406:WP:Manual of Style (writing about fiction) 121:1.6.2. (WP:MeS - Middle-earth Standards, 1032:template for the books listed there. Use 1001:of the subject of the article, making it 1533: 1330:Knowledge talk:WikiProject Middle-earth 1095: 858:Literature – the character's biography 659:Most article titles are singular (e.g. 620: 502:Talk pages should include the template 14: 2175: 2004:an Uruk-hai: "Uruk-hai" = "Orc-folk"; 1833:), the redirect should be tagged with 1727:All redirects should be included into 1578:For more information, please refer to 1048:and by major Tolkien scholars such as 592:Knowledge's style guide on wikilinking 590:For more information, please refer to 2084: 1976:The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers 1455:Before creating a list, please check 922:template at the very top of the page. 848:template at the very top of the page. 838:All character articles must have the 768:template at the very top of the page. 491:Articles should include the template 390:don't, can't, won't, would've, they'd 53:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction 683:Knowledge:Naming conventions (books) 522:Knowledge:Manual of Style (spelling) 456:meant to explain a mythical past of 57: 1669:On talk pages of categories, place 1561: 1022:Identify general sources using the 23: 2057:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien 1987:The Lord of the Rings film trilogy 1680:On talk pages of templates, place 1250:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth 122: 97:thoroughly vetted by the community 24: 18:Knowledge:WikiProject Middle-earth 2199: 2188:WikiProject Middle-earth subpages 2023:their counterparts in adaptations 1658:On talk pages of articles, place 912:All locations should contain the 298: 181:Use capital letters according to 1546:Everything that is mentioned in 1529:template after the lead section. 1500:), it is better organized using 758:All book articles must have the 453:Guide to writing better articles 61: 1729:Category:Middle-earth redirects 1633:All fair use images must be in 1547: 1342:For more information, refer to 1140:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 984:For more information, refer to 318:Knowledge:What Knowledge is not 312:For more information, refer to 126: 110: 1237:edited by Christopher Tolkien. 1142:: Revised and Expanded Edition 713:is a character/place/event in 676:List of Dwarves (Middle-earth) 600:Create links ONLY if they are 314:Knowledge:Notability (fiction) 13: 1: 2070:, and information taken from 1560:Everything that mentioned in 1394:The following sites that are 1262:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia 1198:, such as scholarly books of 743:, where quotes can be placed. 93:Knowledge policy or guideline 1827:Minor places in Middle-earth 1580:Knowledge's policy on images 1404:ONE very informative fansite 672:List of Middle-earth Dwarves 447:, as decided as a consensus 441:before the time of the books 7: 1904:The History of Middle-earth 1831:List of Middle-earth horses 1819: 1637:(less than 100,000 pixels). 1457:Category:Middle-earth lists 1234:The History of Middle-earth 1217:Journal of Tolkien Research 1178:are primary. References to 1175:The History of Middle-earth 569:The History of Middle-earth 467:The History of Middle-earth 10: 2204: 1650: 1564:applies for lists as well. 1550:applies for lists as well. 1386:), and sites that contain 917:Infobox fictional location 635: 619:For linking to lists, see 403: 201: 50: 25: 2119: 1256:The Atlas of Middle-earth 807:Impact on popular culture 510:near the top of the page. 245:Languages of Middle-earth 130: 2183:WikiProject style advice 2112:WikiProject Middle-earth 1709:Usage and categorization 1479:The list should contain 1413:The following should be 1055:The Road to Middle-earth 883:Portrayal in adaptations 602:relevant to the context. 336: 1614:fair use copyright tags 1434:social networking sites 1396:occasionally acceptable 1362:: Official sites (that 153:, not LotR; Tolkien or 1880:MER with possibilities 1752:MER without diacritics 1627:as well as commentary. 508:|date=September 2024}} 497:|date=September 2024}} 2027:Dead Men of Dunharrow 1959:The Lord of the Rings 1739:MER from alt spelling 1428:The following should 1075:The Lord of the Rings 542:for final non-silent 460:Earth, much like the 331:What Knowledge is not 238:The Lord of the Rings 150:The Lord of the Rings 95:, as it has not been 1979:" rather than just " 1853:Geography of Númenor 1786:MER from former name 1408:informative fansites 1368:Encyclopedia of Arda 1358:The following sites 1245:Encyclopedia of Arda 986:Knowledge:References 971:optional subheadings 927:optional subheadings 853:optional subheadings 773:optional subheadings 697:in-universe material 340:no original research 1781:). If created, use 1623:You must include a 1180:Christopher Tolkien 1135:Carpenter, Humphrey 495:Use British English 349:Christopher Tolkien 1811:Redirects to lists 1625:fair use rationale 1417:and are generally 661:Elf (Middle-earth) 499:as the first line. 475:Usage and spelling 2170: 2169: 2019:original versions 1838:MER to list entry 1765:MER from alt name 1686:|class=template}} 1675:|class=category}} 1505:and </div: --> 1274:secondary sources 1196:secondary sources 1186:What to reference 1154:978-0-35-865298-4 1115:978-0-261-10275-0 1064:Tolkien, J. R. R. 843:Infobox character 546:in Quenya names ( 105: 104: 2195: 2105: 2098: 2091: 2082: 2081: 2051: 2045: 1926: 1920: 1884: 1878: 1864: 1858: 1842: 1836: 1803: 1797: 1790: 1784: 1769: 1763: 1756: 1750: 1743: 1737: 1717:Unfinished Tales 1698: 1687: 1676: 1665: 1528: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1492: 1486: 1372:The Thain's Book 1360:should be linked 1323: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1278:tertiary sources 1200:Tolkien research 1158: 1119: 1090: 1080:Houghton Mifflin 1041: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1009:How to reference 972: 957: 934: 928: 921: 915: 893: 884: 869: 863: 854: 847: 841: 826: 818: 813: 808: 803: 785: 780: 774: 767: 761: 715:J. R. R. Tolkien 701:J. R. R. Tolkien 515:definite article 509: 498: 428: 422: 414:The Silmarillion 374: 368: 345:J. R. R. Tolkien 233:The Silmarillion 215:Category:Tolkien 155:J. R. R. Tolkien 91:is not a formal 88:This information 65: 58: 45: 38: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2132:Main discussion 2115: 2109: 2059: 2049: 2043: 2036: 1955: 1924: 1918: 1914: 1897: 1892: 1882: 1876: 1862: 1856: 1840: 1834: 1813: 1801: 1795: 1788: 1782: 1767: 1761: 1754: 1748: 1741: 1735: 1711: 1706: 1692: 1681: 1670: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1644: 1612:Always include 1606: 1574: 1557: 1543: 1526: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1490: 1484: 1473: 1452: 1447: 1384:Tolkien Gateway 1380:The TolkienWiki 1338: 1321: 1315: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1229:primary sources 1155: 1137:, ed. 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574: 570: 566: 563: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 531: 526: 523: 519: 516: 512: 507: 501: 496: 490: 487: 483: 480:As stated by 479: 478: 469: 468: 463: 459: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 437: 425: 418: 415: 410: 409: 407: 394: 391: 387: 384: 383: 371: 370:ME-importance 364: 361: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 341: 335: 332: 328: 324: 323: 320: 319: 315: 310: 309: 300: 296: 292: 288: 287: 282: 281: 276: 275: 270: 266: 263:) as well as 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 239: 235: 234: 229: 228: 219: 216: 212: 211: 208: 207: 203: 198: 197: 187: 184: 180: 179: 170: 166: 165: 156: 152: 151: 146: 145: 142:Abbreviations 137:General rules 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 115: 113: 112: 98: 94: 90: 89: 83: 79: 77: 73: 67: 64: 60: 59: 54: 44: 40: 37: 33: 32: 29: 19: 2136: 2077: 2071: 2034:Translations 2022: 2018: 2011: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1980: 1974: 1958: 1902: 1869: 1722:widely-known 1721: 1715: 1697:|class=dab}} 1634: 1594: 1588: 1577: 1498:common sense 1480: 1429: 1418: 1414: 1407: 1403: 1395: 1391:explanation. 1363: 1359: 1352: 1341: 1326: 1295:unreferenced 1260: 1254: 1248: 1232: 1225:Middle-earth 1215: 1209: 1203: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1144:. New York: 1138: 1128: 1122: 1101: 1097:Shippey, Tom 1073: 1067: 1053: 1043: 1021: 1017: 1014: 993: 992: 983: 763:Infobox Book 736:adaptations. 733:lead section 725: 719:Middle-earth 711: 708: 705:Middle-earth 696: 695:Articles on 690:Introduction 648: 633: 613: 601: 589: 568: 559: 543: 535: 529: 485: 465: 457: 444: 440: 413: 389: 356: 338: 325:Be aware of 311: 284: 278: 272: 268: 237: 231: 199: 168: 157:, not JRRT). 148: 127:subsection 6 116: 109: 106: 86: 82:WikiProjects 69: 1996:one of the 1953:Terminology 1946:the article 1524:CompactTOC8 1423:fanlistings 1050:Tom Shippey 862:Appearances 802:Adaptations 674:instead of 584:Wikilinking 538:omer). Use 443:must be in 424:In-universe 404:Main page: 380:Punctuation 295:Azanulbizar 265:Old English 167:Always use 70:This is an 2177:Categories 2147:Assessment 2127:Front page 1939:Second Age 1695:ME-project 1684:ME-project 1673:ME-project 1662:ME-project 1651:See also: 1541:References 1319:refimprove 1270:notability 1259:, and the 1087:1042159111 1078:. 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Index

Knowledge:WikiProject Middle-earth
Shortcuts
WP:Me S
WP:MeS
Manual of Style/Writing about fiction

essay
style
WikiProjects
This information
Knowledge policy or guideline
thoroughly vetted by the community
References
WP:MeS
section 1
subsection 6
number 2
The Lord of the Rings
J. R. R. Tolkien
British English
MeS 5.1.2
MeS 6.1
Category:Tolkien
The Silmarillion
Languages of Middle-earth
Quenya
Sindarin
Rohirric
Khuzdul
Old English

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