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of their efforts, victories, and community. They waged and won many victories in their struggle to build community and families. They sued for the right to send their children to
Richmond Public Schools. They had a Parchester Veterans Wives Club. They organized a Parchester Village Improvement Association with dues-paying homeowners. They put pressure on the county for services. They lobbied to get street lighting, sewage, telephone, and transportation service. Sudduth was active in the early years of community building in Parchester. Sudduth was known as Willa Mae Daniels when she married J. Daniels, her first husband. Parchester Village has continued to preserve the semi-rural environment. A recent victory is the preservation of Breuner Marsh to continue to be an "Open Space" area, as it was originally intended during the construction of Parchester Village.
213:, than any other shipyard. They used assembly line techniques. Richmond became a boom town. It underwent sudden, rapid population and economic growth. There was a massive influx of people from all over the United States. The influx of African Americans came mostly from the South (United States). They came for jobs, opportunities, and a new way of life. They quickly discovered that the West was just as racist as the south, and that
194:. Although the 400 home Parchester Village was advertised as a "community for all Americans", due to racial attitudes it became an all-black suburban community. Parchester village developed out of the need for housing after the influx of American Americans came to the Richmond shipyards for work and opportunities. Many African Americans between 1940 and 1945 migrated to Richmond, California to work for the
202:. It has been estimated that over 500,000 African Americans migrated to California between 1942 and 1945. They came for jobs, and with the hopes of living a better life devoid of racially motived 'Jim Crow' violence of the South. Parchester became a refuge, within a refuge in that the marsh area next to the village was a sanctuary.
251:
We call upon you to fight for jobs in
National Defense. We call upon you to struggle for the integration of Negroes in the armed forces... The Negroes' stake in national defense is big. It consists of jobs, thousands of jobs. It may represent millions, yes hundreds of millions of dollars in wages. It
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to issue an
Executive Order to end racial discrimination in the armed forces and employment for Blacks in the expanding defense industries and government agencies. He threatened a March on Washington of 150,000 Blacks "to wake up and shock white America as it has never been shocked before." The Call
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to
California during WWII. Gretchen Lemke-Santangelo's study examines the migration, and the community-building efforts of the African-American women in the study. African-American women who moved from the South to the East Bay during World War II. The study has more than 50 oral interviews with the
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While "whites" did not want to move into
Parchester, black families took on the task of building community. Parchester became a tight knit community of working and middle class black homeowners. A community where neighbors looked after each other. Sudduth, like most of the homeowners, was very proud
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to head preliminary work leading up to the conference in
Houston. A bill was created to hold the National Women's conference that would formulate a national plan of action. Five million dollars was allocated for the conference and pre-conference state conventions were held. Bella Abzug, an American
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were located. Parchester
Village was a planned development that was the first subdivision in Richmond to sell homes to African Americans. The temporary shipyard houses were being torn town. Sudduth and her husband bought a home in the new community, called Parchester Village, which is situated near
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In May 2011, Sudduth received from the City of El
Cerrito a Proclamation by the State Assembly District 14, as Woman of the Year, for her decades of community service work. She has worked for many years within the Methodist Church for the rights of women to be pastors. On January 20, 2014, Sudduth
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African-American women migrants documented in her book. The book details their experience as migrant women with families and children. The book also focuses on how the women used their southern skills and culture to keep their families together and the establishing of new communities.
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between the Santa Fe and
Southern Pacific railroad tracks. Local African-American pastors worked together along with local politicians, community leaders, and developer Fred Parr to get housing built for African Americans, and all others in need of housing after
334:, from November 18–21, 1977. More than 20,000 attendees were present for this historic event. The conference's primary goal was to create a national plan of action towards gender equality to be given to the U.S. president and Congress. President
356:. The film documents this unprecedented event in women's history which altered the course of history in America. The women came from all walks of life. Some noted conference attendees were former first ladies
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People from the South were the ones who changed
California. We had a history of pulling together as a community and southern black women were always in the forefront of change. Willa Sudduth
638:(August 1, 2008). "Chapter 13: Women Made the Community: African American Migrant Women and the Cultural Transformation of the San Francisco East Bay". In Wilson Moore, Shirley Ann (ed.).
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in labor and urban studies, which allowed her to get a job with the machinists’ union as an employee assistance director. She worked for the machinists’ union until she retired.
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319:. CLUW is the only national organization representing U.S. union women. As a labor organizer, she led the substance abuse program for the local district of IAM,
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Her early experiences in California as a migrant African-American woman has been documented in the 1996 book by Gretchen Lemke-Santangelo,
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to eliminate racial discrimination in the armed forces and for federal defense industries to practice fair employment to Black Americans.
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Sudduth served on El Cerrito's Committee on Aging, the West County Senior Coalition, and is a board member for West Contra Costa County
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368:. Influential leaders attending this ground breaking event ushering in and furthering the women's movement included Bella Abzug,
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lawyer, U.S. Representative, social activist and a leader in the Women's Movement, chaired the conference.
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was awarded the Martin Luther King Dream Award during El Cerrito's 25th Anniversary Celebration of Dr.
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consists of new industrial opportunities and hope. This is worth fighting for. A. Philip Randolph
682:"Carmen Delgado Votaw:From an Outstanding Young Latina to an Outspoken Women's Rights Advocate"
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Sudduth has also served on the State Civil Rights Task Force. She was appointed by former Gov.
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In 1974, Sudduth, along with the United States Labor movement and civil rights activist
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Social Justice Facilitator & Organizer; workplace discrimination, Labor Movement
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Abiding Courage: African American Migration Women and the East Bay Community
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This historic National Women's Conference is documented in the film
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causes, issues, and concerns most of her adult life. She was an
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were alive, and well in the shipyards of Richmond, California.
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International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
822:"50th anniversary of full clergy rights for Methodist women"
721:"Independent Lens . SISTERS OF '77 . The Conference - PBS"
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804:"El Cerrito, CA - Official Website - Committee on Aging"
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African-American history in the San Francisco Bay Area
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537:""Jim Crow" Shipyards: Black Labor and Race Relations"
700:"Carmen Delgado Votaw, Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"
642:. University of Oklahoma Press: NORMAN. p. 271.
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African American Women Confront the West, 1600–2000
786:"The National Women's Conference in Houston, 1977"
750:"The National Women's Conference in Houston, 1977"
828:(GCSRW), January–March 2006, Volume 37, Number 1.
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326:In 1977, she was a union representative for the
478:"Who's Who: Willa Sudduth, A Woman of the Year"
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867:"City of El Cerrito Proclamation".
460:"Full Biography for Nancy Skinner"
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768:"About Bella Abzug"
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514:"Saving the Marsh"
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595:"Review".
541:ferris.edu
435:References
362:Betty Ford
162:California
128:Early life
32:1925-10-28
826:The Flyer
138:Louisiana
668:cluw.org
422:AIDS/HIV
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