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340:, the reliquary of Winifred. The reliquary probably contained an article of clothing or another object associated with the saint, but not her bones. According to historian Lynne Heidi Stumpe, the reliquary provides "good evidence for her having been recognized as a saint very soon after her death", and thus of her historicity. The reliquary may even be "the earliest surviving testimony to the formal cultus of any Welsh saint".
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477:, originally formed from a mountain spring, is housed below the town on the side of a steep hill. The well precinct also houses an 'Interpretive Exhibition', setting forth the story of the saint and her shrine in detail; the Victorian former custodians' house has also been converted to house a museum of the pilgrimage. The site is managed by
312:; before he left, the tradition is that he seated himself upon a stone, which now stands in the outer well pool, and there promised in the name of God "that whosoever on that spot should thrice ask for a benefit from God in the name of St. Winefride would obtain the grace he asked if it was for the good of his soul."
335:
Given the late date of the earliest surviving written accounts of
Winifred's life, her existence has been doubted since the 19th century. She is not recorded in any Welsh pedigree of saints nor in the 13th-century calendar of Welsh saints. There is, however, evidence of her cult from centuries before
596:
Winifred's representation in stained glass at
Llandyrnog and Llanasa focuses on her learning and her status as an honorary martyr, but the third aspect of her life, her religious leadership, is also commemorated visually. On the seal of the cathedral chapter of St. Asaph (now in the National Museums
307:
her. A healing spring appeared where her head fell. Winifred's head was subsequently rejoined to her body due to the efforts of Beuno, and she was restored to life. Seeing the murderer leaning on his sword with an insolent and defiant air, Beuno invoked the chastisement of heaven, and
Caradog fell
1036:
The
Admirable life of Saint Wenefride virgin, martyr, abbesse. Written in Latin about 500 yeares ago, by Robert, monke and priour of Shrewsbury, of the Ven. Order of S Benedict. Devided into two books. And now translated into English, out of a very ancient and authenticall manuscript, for the
516:, Winifred's body was laid there overnight and a spring sprang up out of the ground. The well is covered by a 15th-century half-timbered cottage. The water flows through a series of stone troughs and into a large pond, which then flows into a stream. The cottage is maintained by the
403:
The details of
Winifred's life are gathered from a manuscript in the British Museum, said to have been the work of the British monk, Elerius, a contemporary of the saint, and also from a manuscript life in the Bodleian Library, generally believed to have been compiled in 1130 by
315:
After eight years spent at
Holywell, Winifred received an inspiration to leave the convent and retire inland. Accordingly, Winifred went upon her pilgrimage to seek a place of rest. Ultimately she arrived at Gwytherin near the source of the River Elwy. She later became a nun and
484:
St
Winefride's Holy Well at Holywell Farm in Cheshire is one of a number of holy wells dedicated to St Winefride which were placed to mark the route of her remains when they were taken from Holywell in Clwyd, where she was martyred, to Shrewsbury Abbey. It is a listed monument.
569:
as a person with a historical basis, who lived an exemplary religious life, but with no discussion of miracles which she may have performed or been healed by. As a 1st-millennium saint, she is recognised as a saint by popular acclaim, rather than ever being formally
715:, and the campaign to find and restore it propels the action. Throughout the series, the protagonist, Brother Cadfael - a Welsh monk at the English monastery at Shrewsbury - develops a "special understanding" with the saint, whom he affectionately calls "The Girl".
763:. The statue had originally been planned as a fountain for the Watts de Peyster Hospital and Invalid Children's Home at Madalin, operated by the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Methodist Church, but the board found it couldn't spare the water.
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Winifred asks Sir Gawain to retrieve her severed head from a spring, which he does. He places the head in her bed with the rest of her skeletal remains, and she provides him with information regarding the identity of the Green Knight.
692:
novels, with the plot twist that her bones are secretly left in Wales, and someone else is put into the shrine; St. Winifred is portrayed as an important character in all the books in the
Brother Cadfael series. The celebration of her
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was known as St. Winifred's Spring and gave its name to nearby
Winifreds Lane. There appears to be no known connection to the life of the saint, but its waters were once supposed to help women conceive.
1150:
565:. She is listed as follows: "At the spring located at Holywell in Wales, St Winefride the Virgin, who is outstanding in her witness as a nun". Winifred is officially recognised by the
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the appearance of her first hagiography. Two small pieces of an oak reliquary from the 8th century were discovered in 1991 and identified based on earlier drawings as belonging to the
372:
791:
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and
Galleries of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff), she appears wimpled as an abbess, bearing a crozier, symbol of leadership and authority and a reliquary.
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Veneration of Winifred as a martyr saint is attested from the 12th century. She is mostly venerated in England, not in Wales, which led
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The oldest accounts of Winifred's life date to the 12th century. According to legend, Winifred was the daughter of a chieftain of
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of the 7th century. Her story was celebrated as early as the 8th century, but became popular in England in the 12th, when her
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According to legend, her suitor, Caradog, was enraged when she decided to become a nun and when she refused his advances, he
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Chandlery, Peter. "St. Winefride." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 14 May 2013
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built a new shrine for St. Winifred in the 14th century, before then having some monks steal the relics of St. Beuno from
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dead on the spot, the popular belief being that the ground opened and swallowed him. Beuno left Holywell, and returned to
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1168). Prior Robert is generally credited with greatly promoting the cult of St. Winifred by translating her relics from
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Gwenfrewy the Guiding Star of Gwytherin: From Maiden and Martyr to Abbess and Saint – The Cult of Gwenfrewy at Gwytherin
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328:. More elaborate versions of this tale relate many details of her life, including Winefride's pilgrimage to
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Lynne Heidi Stumpe (1994), "Display and Veneration of Holy Relics at St Winefride's Well and Stonyhurst",
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at the traditional site of her decapitation and restoration is now a shrine and pilgrimage site called
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and installed in the abbey church. Although the abbey was fined, it was allowed to keep the relics.
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includes the story of St. Winifred. The following year, he printed a separate "Life" of the saint.
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of Wales", which was granted the status of National Shrine for England and Wales in November 2023.
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1457:"Cures and Controversy in Early Modern Wales: The Struggle to Control St. Winifred's Well"
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1239:"Lexikoneintrag zu »Wenefrida, S.«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 5. Augsburg ..."
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Plenary Resolutions: Environment, St Winefride, Eucharistic Congress and Conflict in Gaza
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1093:, Volume 2. Eds. A T Gaydon, and R B Pugh. London: Victoria County History, 1973. 30-37
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to Shrewsbury Abbey and writing the most influential life of the saint. The chronicler
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for Wales, Winifred is commemorated on 3 November, since 2 November is designated as
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1151:"Historical and Archaeological Building Report on Somerset Place, Sion Hill, Bath"
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888:. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, Rees. pp. 295–297.
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in Holywell, one of the oldest continually visited pilgrimage sites in Britain
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1202:"The Parish Church of St Winifred, Branscombe", Holyford Mission Community
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Angold, M J, et al. "Houses of Benedictine monks: Abbey of Shrewsbury."
981:. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 204–206.
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edification and comfort of Catholikes. By I.F. of the Society of Jesus
1179:. Source: the Holy Wells Journal, n.s. 1, Autumn 1994. Archived from
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1372: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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296:, Welsh nobleman Tyfid ap Eiludd. Her mother was Wenlo, a niece of
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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St. Winifred appears as a spirit to Sir Gawain in the 2021 movie
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The moving of Winifred's bones to Shrewsbury is fictionalised in
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Another well named after St. Winifred is found in the hamlet of
1264:"Oct 30 - St Winifred of Holywell in North Wales (died c. 650)"
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Robert , Falconer, John (trans.), Baes, Martin (engr.) (1635).
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539:. There is some archaeological evidence to suggest an earlier
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Abbess, holding a sword, sometimes with her head under her arm
1114:"St Winefride's Holy Well at Holywell Farm", Historic England
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Janet Bord (1994), "St Winefride's Well, Holywell, Clwyd",
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559:, Winifred is listed under 2 November with the Latin name
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dramatises St. Winifred's story, based on the version in
1333:"The Green Knight: Who Is Winifred, the Beheaded Ghost?"
512:. According to legend, it is thought that on her way to
798:, published 17 November 2023, accessed 22 November 2023
636:(in Passus II). She also appears as a character in the
492:
St Winifred's Well, a 14th-century former well chapel,
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671:memorialised St. Winifred in his unfinished drama,
375:is a 12th century church located in the village of
1378:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Winefride".
1215:, 2004, Vatican Press (Typis Vaticanis), page 603.
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792:Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales
395:Part of the prologue of a life of St Winifred by
54:Stained glass depiction of Winifred, designed by
1468:
280:window depicting the martyrdom of Winefride (by
1287:
455:The shrine and well at Shrewsbury became major
162:, fully active holy well and well-house shrine.
423:To further enhance the prestige of the Abbey,
1406:. Llandovery: William Rees. pp. 515–529.
722:makes reference to St. Winifred in his novel
1050:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
978:Saints and their cults in the Atlantic world
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697:provides the setting for two of the novels,
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615:3 November - feast day in England and Wales
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1359:"Saint Winifred, (sculpture)", Smithsonian
1103:St. Winifride's Well, Holywell, Flintshire
902:, MA thesis (University of Wales), p. 20.
773:Our Lady of Loreto and St Winefride's, Kew
759:. It was presented to the city in 1896 by
709:. The casket is stolen from its shrine in
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1075:Owen, Hugh and Blakeway, John Brickdale.
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751:stands on Promenade Hill overlooking the
352:to list her as an "English saint" in his
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1461:North American Journal of Welsh Studies
1079:, vol. 2, London. Harding Leppard. 1825
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936:Roy Fry and Tristan Gray Hulse (1994),
14:
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872:
870:
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1091:A History of the County of Shropshire
882:"Legend of Gwenfrewi or St. Winefred"
1394:
1384:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1307:"St. Winifred - Saints & Angels"
876:
630:, is mentioned in the medieval poem
546:
867:
747:A bronze statue of St. Winifred by
543:church may have occupied the site.
24:
1455:Seguin, Colleen M. (Summer 2003):
1404:Lives of the Cambro-British Saints
1388:
1304:
1012:National Heritage List for England
828:"St. Winifred", The Cistercian Way
640:of the poem, portrayed by actress
463:, but the shrine was destroyed by
367:to form the basis of an elaborate
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25:
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1411:
1007:"Church of St Winifred (1286289)"
609:30 October - feast day in Ireland
606:22 (24) June - death anniversary,
1482:People from Holywell, Flintshire
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373:Church of St. Winifred, Stainton
1502:Female saints of medieval Wales
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1177:"The Other St Winifred's Wells"
1175:Fry, Roy; Gray Hulse, Tristan.
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942:Source – the Holy Wells Journal
633:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
535:can be found in the village of
1448:New International Encyclopedia
1331:Desta, Yohana (30 July 2021).
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612:2 November - Roman Martyrology
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925:Journal of Museum Ethnography
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195:; against unwanted advances,
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1492:7th-century Christian saints
1291:Martyrologium Romanum (2004)
914:, People's Collection Wales.
886:An Essay on the Welsh Saints
624:St. Winifred's Well, termed
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363:of Winifred were carried to
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1487:Welsh Roman Catholic saints
1225:National Calendar for Wales
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553:In the 2004 edition of the
406:Robert, prior of Shrewsbury
10:
1533:
1227:, accessed 6 February 2012
975:Cormack, Margaret (2007).
809:Butler's Saint for the Day
399:(Bodleian Mss. Laud c.94.)
944:, Issue 1. Archived from
833:27 September 2013 at the
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377:Stainton, South Yorkshire
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1507:7th-century Welsh people
1428:30 December 2018 at the
1288:Catholic Church (2004).
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681:A Morbid Taste for Bones
420:also wrote of Winifred.
238:was first written down.
1497:7th-century Welsh women
1442:"Winifred, Saint"
1423:Holywell Church website
1077:A History of Shrewsbury
898:Sally Hallmark (2015),
653:A Shoemaker a Gentleman
650:'s 17th-century comedy
626:
437:'s 1483 edition of the
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133:Eastern Orthodox Church
1512:Legendary Welsh people
1400:"Life of St. Winefred"
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425:Abbot Nicholas Stevens
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27:Welsh Christian martyr
1396:Rees, William Jenkins
1381:Catholic Encyclopedia
1213:Martyrologium Romanum
946:Source Archive Online
761:John Watts de Peyster
669:Gerard Manley Hopkins
620:References in fiction
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197:Diocese of Shrewsbury
138:Roman Catholic Church
42:Winifred or Winefride
1126:"St Winifred's Well"
749:George Edwin Bissell
718:Australian novelist
638:2021 film adaptation
397:Robert of Shrewsbury
286:Shrewsbury Cathedral
225:Wenefreda, Winifreda
1435:BBC Wales: Holywell
1268:Catholicireland.net
1156:. B&NES Council
706:The Pilgrim of Hate
582:liturgical calendar
531:A Norman church of
525:Lansdown Hill, Bath
471:St Winefride's Well
449:St Winefride's Well
282:Margaret Agnes Rope
247:St Winefride's Well
1477:7th-century deaths
1305:Online, Catholic.
938:"Holywell - Clwyd"
673:St Winifred's Well
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261:and known as "the
128:Anglican Communion
988:978-1-57003-630-9
556:Roman Martyrology
548:Roman Martyrology
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418:John of Tynemouth
354:Roman Martyrology
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1338:Vanity Fair
1244:(in German)
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592:Iconography
305:decapitated
298:Saint Beuno
236:hagiography
107:7th century
1471:Categories
1187:13 October
1160:13 October
1135:9 November
878:Rees, Rice
601:Feast days
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172:3 November
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660:'s story
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