31:
998:
decide that that is the preferred course, or he may rebel. It is the student's judgment, not his parents', that is essential if we are to give full meaning to what we have said about the Bill of Rights and of the right of students to be masters of their own destiny. If he is harnessed to the Amish way of life by those in authority over him and if his education is truncated, his entire life may be stunted and deformed. The child, therefore, should be given an opportunity to be heard before the State gives the exemption which we honor today.
730:
973:, joined by Justices Brennan and Stewart, filed a concurring opinion saying the case "would be a very different case" if the parents forbade their children from "attending any school at any time and from complying in any way with the educational standards set by the State"; he pointed out that the burden on the children was relatively slight since they had acquired "the basic tools of literacy to survive in modern society" and had attended eight grades of school.
1498:
719:
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to having two extra years in the public schools. Furthermore, the Court contended that the Amish community was a very successful social unit in
American society, a self-sufficient, law-abiding member of society, which paid all of the required taxes and rejected any type of public welfare. The Amish children, upon leaving the public school system, continued their education in the form of vocational training.
950:
children were ignorant. Compulsory education after elementary school was a recent movement that developed in the early 20th century to prevent child labor and keep children of certain ages in school. The State of
Wisconsin's arguments about compelling the school attendance were therefore less substantial.
990:
stake in the case are those of the Amish parents on the one hand, and those of the State on the other. The difficulty with this approach is that, despite the Court's claim, the parents are seeking to vindicate not only their own free exercise claims, but also those of their high-school-age children ...
945:
With respect to the State of
Wisconsin's argument that additional modern education beyond 8th grade is necessary to prepare citizens to participate effectively and productively in America's political system, the Court disagreed. It argued that the State provided no evidence showing any great benefit
891:
Under Amish church standards, "higher" education (beyond the 8th grade) was deemed not only unnecessary for their simple way of life, but also endangering to their salvation. These men appealed for exemption from compulsory education on the basis of these religious convictions. They sincerely held
949:
The Court found no evidence that by leaving the Amish community without two additional years of schooling, young Amish children would become burdens on society. To the contrary, the Court argued that they had good vocational background to rely upon. It was the State's mistaken assumption that Amish
941:
Not all beliefs rise to the demands of the religious clause of the First
Amendment. There needs to be evidence of true and objective religious practices, instead of an individual making his or her standards on such matters. The Amish way of life is one of deep religious convictions that stems from
993:
On this important and vital matter of education, I think the children should be entitled to be heard. While the parents, absent dissent, normally speak for the entire family, the education of the child is a matter on which the child will often have decided views. He may want to be a pianist or an
997:
It is the future of the student, not the future of the parents, that is imperiled by today's decision. If a parent keeps his child out of school beyond the grade school, then the child will be forever barred from entry into the new and amazing world of diversity that we have today. The child may
989:
I agree with the Court that the religious scruples of the Amish are opposed to the education of their children beyond the grade schools, yet I disagree with the Court's conclusion that the matter is within the dispensation of parents alone. The Court's analysis assumes that the only interests at
953:
Responding to
Justice Douglas's dissent, the Court argued that the question before it was about the interests of the parents to exercise free religion, and did not relate to the child's First Amendment's rights. As such, the argument pertaining to the child's right to exercise free religion was
1022:
all states must grant the Old Order Amish the right to establish their own schools (should they choose) or to withdraw from public institutions after completing eighth grade. In some communities Amish parents have continued to send their children to public elementary schools even after
5737:
1127:—government to be totally oblivious to religion; the United States Supreme Court has upheld government action that 'accommodates the public service to...spiritual needs', and has on occasion held such accommodation to be required by the first amendment's free exercise clause.
2469:
887:
minister, Reverend
William C. Lindholm, took an interest in Amish legal difficulties from a religious freedom perspective and founded The National Committee for Amish Religious Freedom (partly as a result of this case) and then provided them with legal counsel.
5705:
5793:
5460:
2859:
868:, school district at the end of the eighth grade because of their parents' religious beliefs. The three families were represented by Jonas Yoder (one of the fathers involved in the case) when the case went to trial. They were convicted in the
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the Bible. It is determined by their religion, which involves their rejection of worldly goods and their living in the
Biblical simplicity. The modern compulsory secondary education is in sharp conflict with their way of life.
5849:
4517:
2915:
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1959:
966:, filed a concurring opinion stating that the "interesting and important" questions raised by Justice Douglas' dissent were moot since the Amish children shared their parents' religious objections to the school attendance.
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of the First
Amendment because required attendance past the eighth grade interfered with the right of Amish parents to direct the religious upbringing of their children. Supreme Court of Wisconsin affirmed.
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States cannot force individuals to attend school when it infringes on their First
Amendment rights. In this case, the state of Wisconsin interfered with the practice of a legitimate religious belief.
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2002:
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command to "turn the other cheek." Thus, the Amish are at a disadvantage when it comes to defending themselves in courts or before legislative committees. However, a
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homepage of a non-Amish group whose mission statement is to "defend and preserve the religious freedom of the Old Order Amish religion in the United States"
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The
Wisconsin Supreme Court "sustained respondents' claim that application of the compulsory school-attendance law to them violated their rights under the
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1927:
1702:
1027:. In most places tensions eased considerably after the Supreme Court ruling, although certain difficulties remained for those Amish living in
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because the compulsory school attendance law was non-discriminatory and did not include a mechanism for individualized exemptions. Later, in
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In depth write-up of the Anabaptist position on legal procedures harmonized with the principles of love, nonresistance, and reconciliation
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The ruling is cited as a basis for allowing people to be educated outside traditional private or public schools, such as with
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to the belief that the values their children would learn at home would surpass the worldly knowledge taught in school.
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was determined to outweigh the state's interest in educating their children. The case is often cited as a basis for
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2010:
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1707:
A review by Michelle D. Deardorff, from Jackson State University, of Shawn Francis Peter's book on the case
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833:
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1898:
1703:"Review Essay: Shawn Francis Peters, The Yoder Case: Religious Freedom, Education, and Parental Rights"
860:
Three Amish students from three different families stopped attending the New Glarus High School in the
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found in Yoder's favor. Thereupon, Wisconsin appealed that ruling in the US Supreme Court.
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8:
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1983:
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astronaut or an oceanographer. To do so he will have to break from the Amish tradition.
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2827:
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2803:
2614:
2587:
2537:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
2319:
2202:
2147:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
1866:
1386:
1339:
982:
905:
827:
805:
789:
171:
1611:
879:
The Amish did not believe in going to court to settle disputes but instead follow the
271:
U.S. Const. amend. I; Wis. Stat. § 118.15 (Wisconsin Compulsory School Attendance Law)
7335:
6737:
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6112:
5889:
5496:
5323:
5175:
4934:
4899:
4574:
4440:
4387:
4371:
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3676:
3519:
3417:
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2279:
2210:
2170:
2034:
1842:
1834:
1476:
1441:
1372:
1331:
1212:
1146:
215:
195:
1726:
7311:
7014:
6393:
6275:
6222:
6171:
6155:
6040:
5928:
5738:
Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of Business and Professional Regulation, Bd. of Accountancy
5404:
5215:
4855:
4541:
4411:
4299:
4066:
3490:
3129:
3113:
2971:
2851:
2787:
2747:
2622:
2154:
1890:
1364:
908:
filed a partial dissent, but voted with the court regarding Yoder's case. Justices
723:
163:
67:
7287:
7030:
6556:
6492:
6454:
6315:
6246:
5905:
5428:
5335:
4958:
4795:
4779:
4755:
4007:
3979:
3937:
3905:
3349:
3293:
3032:
2771:
2723:
2678:
2630:
2445:
2311:
2287:
2250:
1665:"U.S. Supreme Court Case: Is There Religious Freedom in America — for the Amish?"
1664:
1562:
1140:
880:
818:
1468:
The Constitution & Religion: Leading Supreme Court Cases on Church and State
1014:
The implications of the case for the Amish were characterized by one author as:
7343:
6417:
6401:
5295:
5183:
5060:
3411:
3008:
2528:
2343:
2018:
1368:
959:
838:
261:
Powell and Rehnquist took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
203:
183:
1237:
7396:
4135:
3329:
3158:
1647:
1623:
1335:
1320:"Democratic Autonomy and Religious Freedom: A Critique of Wisconsin V. Yoder"
574:
7076:
6291:
6072:
5881:
5585:
4970:
4926:
4242:
2891:
2835:
1669:
A discussion of Amish rights and freedoms in relation to Wisconsin v. Yoder
1621:
110:
Defendants convicted, Green County, Wisconsin Circuit Court; reversed, 182
845:
involved a "hybrid right" composed of parental rights and free exercise.
7367:
6195:
3502:
1683:
1615:
1580:
1086:
970:
884:
191:
95:
1624:""Nonresistance." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989"
1343:
1319:
6664:
6459:
5658:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
4591:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
3225:
1750:
872:
Court. Each defendant was fined the nominal sum of $ 5. Thereafter the
115:
83:
5706:
Peel v. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of Illinois
3122:
Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania
1188:"Laws Neutral to Religious Practice from the 1960s through the 1980s"
865:
79:
5618:
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
1637:
1408:"DISCRIMINATION, WISCONSIN V. YODER, AND THE FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION"
1142:
The Cambridge Companion to the First Amendment and Religious Liberty
7280:
Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc.
7136:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
4599:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
3230:
1640:""Lawsuits." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989"
1028:
685:
5674:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. U.S. Olympic Committee
1497:
5650:
Zauderer v. Off. of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio
5554:
Virginia State Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council
4494:
Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association
3837:
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression v. Strickland
1755:
Background of Yoder case gleaned from interview of Yoder attorney
54:
State of Wisconsin v. Jonas Yoder, Wallace Miller, and Adin Yutzy
5794:
Los Angeles Police Department v. United Reporting Publishing Co.
5461:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
2860:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
4724:
Board of Regents of the Univ. of Wisconsin System v. Southworth
4607:
Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc.
718:
111:
30:
5842:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
5352:
U.S. Civil Service Comm'n v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers
5280:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
5264:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
5117:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
5109:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
2059:
Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty
5786:
Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn., Inc. v. United States
2812:
Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Massachusetts, Inc.
2139:
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan
781:
232:
Burger, joined by Brennan, Stewart, White, Marshall, Blackmun
7227:
Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party
5522:
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Comm'n on Human Relations
4510:
International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
4184:
City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC
144:
The Wisconsin Compulsory School Attendance Law violated the
7360:
BE and K Construction Co. v. National Labor Relations Board
5858:
Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA
5666:
Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico
2510:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano
916:
took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
6813:
Denver Area Ed. Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC
6097:
Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett
4615:
National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra
3098:
Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal
2671:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
2195:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
2179:
Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind
1798:
1731:, 406 U.S. 205 (1972), Supreme Court of the United States"
1622:
Guy F. Hershberger; Ernst Crous & John R. Burkholder.
1213:"Wisconsin v. Yoder | Definition, Background, & Facts"
848:
The Amish, who prevailed in the case, were represented by
2956:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
2387:
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School Dist.
1662:
6698:
Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n, Inc. v. Bresler
4806:
6730:
Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.
5850:
Milavetz, Gallop & Milavetz, P.A. v. United States
5642:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
5469:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
1062:"State of WISCONSIN, Petitioner, v. Jonas YODER et al"
7408:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
6017:
FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee
6001:
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC
5898:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
4176:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
2395:
Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette
1859:
County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union
1042:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 406
7320:
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
6722:
Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.
4518:
Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes
3310:
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Bd.
2916:
Frazee v. Illinois Department of Employment Security
1238:"The National Committee for Amish Religious Freedom"
5192:
Mt. Healthy City School Dist. Board of Ed. v. Doyle
4888:
USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International II
4848:
Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington
2027:
Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen
1138:
821:to a neutral law that burdened religious exercise.
5248:United States v. National Treasury Employees Union
5041:West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
4919:Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans
4880:USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International I
3781:United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
2940:Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
2580:Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley
1429:
1167:"The Time Has Come to Overrule Wisconsin v. Yoder"
800:outside of traditional private or public schools.
7352:Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation
7219:New York State Board of Elections v. Lopez Torres
6180:Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee
5953:Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley
4404:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
4152:Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Crime Victims Board
1875:McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union
1638:Guy F. Hershberger & Timothy Stoltzfus Jost.
1391:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1002:
7413:United States free exercise of religion case law
7394:
5049:Tinker v. Des Moines Ind. Community School Dist.
4823:Minnesota Board for Community Colleges v. Knight
3988:Board of Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus
2494:Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich
1907:American Legion v. American Humanist Association
1684:"National Committee For Amish Religious Freedom"
1139:Breidenbach, Michael D.; Anderson, Owen (2020).
776:, 406 U.S. 205 (1972), is the case in which the
6999:Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath
6754:Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton
6105:American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock
5778:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
5562:Linmark Assoc., Inc. v. Township of Willingboro
4716:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
3070:Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru
2454:Gonzalez v. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila
6332:National Rifle Association of America v. Vullo
5381:Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio
3194:
1317:
4788:Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association
2187:Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District
1784:
752:
7039:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
6955:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
6637:Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner
6204:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5208:Smith v. Arkansas State Hwy. Employees Local
4559:West Virginia State Board of Ed. v. Barnette
4364:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
4051:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
2924:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
2663:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
2099:Public Funds for Public Schools v. Marburger
6848:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
6239:Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck
5746:Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp.
5200:Givhan v. Western Line Consol. School Dist.
2964:Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
2553:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
2227:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
2115:Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland
1735:In depth write-up of the Supreme Court Case
1145:. Cambridge University Press. p. 239.
6978:
5570:Carey v. Population Services International
5256:Board of Comm'rs, Wabaunsee Cty. v. Umbehr
5093:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
4943:Houston Community College System v. Wilson
4348:USPS v. Council of Greenburgh Civic Assns.
3789:City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.
3749:American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut
3475:Nat'l Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie
2336:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
1928:Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York
1851:Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary
1791:
1777:
1748:
1618:, a Mennonite historian and church leader.
1471:. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. pp.
1318:ARNESON, RICHARD J.; SHAPIRO, IAN (1996).
1288:
1286:
1260:
1258:
759:
745:
7328:Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees
6541:Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia
5937:First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
5818:Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
5610:Consol. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n
4864:National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley
4764:Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Association
4692:Communications Workers of America v. Beck
3701:United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film
3669:United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs
3025:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
2948:Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton
2243:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
2075:Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist
900:The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of
855:
326:History of education in the United States
6441:
6386:Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Union
3565:United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
2702:
2545:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
2411:Good News Club v. Milford Central School
1812:
934:The U.S. Supreme Court held as follows:
798:parents' right to educate their children
7250:
7120:New York Club Ass'n v. City of New York
6887:
6821:Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC
6089:Nevada Commission on Ethics v. Carrigan
6009:Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC
5961:FEC v. National Right to Work Committee
5874:Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman
5714:City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network
4748:Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n
4567:Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
3805:United States v. American Library Ass'n
3765:United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.
3717:Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad
1283:
1255:
1047:
927:, made applicable to the States by the
7395:
6856:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
6025:Republican Party of Minnesota v. White
5993:Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
5985:Eu v. S.F. Cty. Democratic Cent. Comm.
5977:FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life
5730:United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co.
5485:Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement
5085:Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
5033:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
5012:Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb
4980:American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
4684:Chicago Local Teachers Union v. Hudson
4551:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
3861:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Ass'n
3741:Vance v. Universal Amusement Co., Inc.
2740:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
2360:Elk Grove Unif. School Dist. v. Newdow
7249:
7195:Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party
7112:Rotary Int'l v. Rotary Club of Duarte
6977:
6886:
6440:
5945:California Medical Association v. FEC
5594:Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association
5232:Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
4502:Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense Fund
4396:Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc.
3733:Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc.
3193:
2884:Bob Jones University v. United States
2701:
1944:Bob Jones University v. United States
1811:
1772:
1464:
1110:
976:
792:. The parents' fundamental right to
351:History of education in New York City
341:History of education in Massachusetts
18:1972 United States Supreme Court case
7203:California Democratic Party v. Jones
6645:Arkansas Writers' Project v. Ragland
6065:FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
6049:Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. FEC
5834:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
5141:Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
5069:Island Trees School District v. Pico
4740:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
3869:FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.
2163:School Dist. of Grand Rapids v. Ball
1427:
1415:Saint Louis University School of Law
1356:
7152:Christian Legal Society v. Martinez
6517:New York Times Co. v. United States
5770:44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
5698:State University of New York v. Fox
5682:Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association
4668:Abood v. Detroit Board of Education
4583:Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins
4526:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
3996:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
3106:Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
2296:Abington School District v. Schempp
1936:California v. Grace Brethren Church
1598:The Summary of the Court's opinions
1436:. Intercourse: Good Books. p.
1360:Case Study: Wisconsin v Yoder, 1972
895:
784:children could not be placed under
13:
6770:Obsidian Finance Group, LLC v. Cox
5802:United States v. United Foods Inc.
5453:Mine Workers v. Illinois Bar Assn.
4815:Steele v. Louisville & N.R. Co
4732:United States v. United Foods Inc.
3947:Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
3054:NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago
2596:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
2486:Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church
1952:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
1458:
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
7459:
7448:United States Supreme Court cases
7304:United Mine Workers v. Pennington
6188:McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n
5690:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
5477:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
5437:Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia Bar
5344:United Public Workers v. Mitchell
5312:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
4872:Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez
4700:Keller v. State Bar of California
4340:Org. for a Better Austin v. Keefe
4213:Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.
3914:Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
3725:Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville
3400:Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus
2988:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
2478:Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
2470:Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
2427:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
2368:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
2352:Santa Fe Ind. School Dist. v. Doe
1960:Corp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos
1522:205 (1972) is available from:
1490:
1123:require—indeed, they do not even
1066:LII / Legal Information Institute
248:White, joined by Brennan, Stewart
7418:United States education case law
7104:Roberts v. United States Jaycees
6789:Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
5969:FEC v. National Conservative PAC
5762:Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc.
5101:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
5077:Bethel School District v. Fraser
4449:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
4324:Carroll v. Town of Princess Anne
3017:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
2403:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
2235:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
1496:
1405:
1270:U.S. Supreme Court Case Syllabus
985:, who dissented in part, wrote:
728:
717:
346:History of education in Missouri
336:History of education in Kentucky
29:
6762:Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.
6351:NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
6300:Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach
5810:Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly
5514:Rowan v. U.S. Post Office Dept.
5160:Pickering v. Board of Education
4988:Garner v. Board of Public Works
4708:Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n
3877:Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton
3693:Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
3605:MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day
3246:Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
1421:
1399:
1371:(inactive September 12, 2024).
1357:Ball, Howard (August 1, 2002).
1350:
1311:
1298:U.S. Supreme Court Case Opinion
331:History of education in Chicago
7423:1972 in United States case law
7376:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
6690:Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
6682:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
6613:Grosjean v. American Press Co.
6584:Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
6533:Nebraska Press Ass'n v. Stuart
5538:Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar
5413:Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
5288:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
4652:Ry. Emps. Department v. Hanson
3443:Terminiello v. City of Chicago
3376:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
3081:Statutory religious exemptions
2980:Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
2272:McCollum v. Board of Education
1968:Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock
1663:Reverend William C. Lindholm.
1612:The Principle of Nonresistance
1230:
1205:
1180:
1159:
1132:
1104:
1079:
1054:
1003:Legacy of the Court's decision
815:accommodate religious exercise
666:Full-service community schools
1:
7179:Democratic Party v. Wisconsin
7144:Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
7096:Hishon v. King & Spalding
6121:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
5626:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
5578:Bates v. State Bar of Arizona
5421:Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown
5304:Heffernan v. City of Paterson
5004:Keyishian v. Board of Regents
4911:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
4128:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
3955:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
2639:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
2131:New York v. Cathedral Academy
2011:Everson v. Board of Education
2003:Cochran v. Board of Education
1883:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
1800:United States First Amendment
1363:. New York University Press.
1119:American courts certainly do
7187:Tashjian v. Republican Party
7023:Bates v. City of Little Rock
6929:Protection from prosecution
6509:Lamont v. Postmaster General
6164:Bates v. City of Little Rock
4332:Coates v. City of Cincinnati
4229:Packingham v. North Carolina
4120:Lamont v. Postmaster General
2932:Employment Division v. Smith
1751:"Road to Wisconsin v. Yoder"
834:Employment Division v. Smith
7:
7264:United States v. Cruikshank
6910:United States v. Cruikshank
6805:FCC v. WNCN Listeners Guild
6746:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
6706:Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
4951:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
4380:Ward v. Rock Against Racism
4276:Martin v. City of Struthers
4091:City of Erie v. Pap's A. M.
3621:Quantity of Books v. Kansas
3435:Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
3384:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
2908:O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
2419:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
1114:American Constitutional Law
1111:Tribe, Laurence H. (1978).
1035:
778:United States Supreme Court
644:For-profit higher education
10:
7464:
7433:Legal history of Wisconsin
7403:Amish in the United States
6797:FCC v. Pacifica Foundation
6137:FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate
5866:Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc.
5754:Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co.
4623:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
4160:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
3483:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
3459:Gregory v. City of Chicago
1899:Town of Greece v. Galloway
1581:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1369:10.18574/9780814723012-051
1294:"Wisconsin v. Yoder ET AL"
1266:"Wisconsin v. Yoder ET AL"
597:School corporal punishment
240:Stewart, joined by Brennan
7296:Edwards v. South Carolina
7258:
7245:
7162:
7087:
7068:
7049:
6990:
6986:
6973:
6928:
6899:
6895:
6882:
6839:
6780:
6663:
6653:Cohen v. Cowles Media Co.
6602:
6567:
6501:Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc.
6485:Lovell v. City of Griffin
6453:
6449:
6436:
6369:
6342:
6265:
6214:
6147:
5916:
5495:
5370:
5322:
5151:
5022:
4969:
4898:
4837:
4641:
4540:
4467:
4430:
4292:Edwards v. South Carolina
4239:
4194:
4109:
4006:
3965:
3936:
3887:
3845:United States v. Kilbride
3829:United States v. Williams
3629:Ginzburg v. United States
3546:
3501:
3410:
3360:
3224:
3213:
3209:
3189:
3140:
3087:
3080:
3043:
2998:
2716:Reynolds v. United States
2710:
2697:
2606:
2563:
2520:
2437:
2378:
2261:
1994:
1917:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1592:Wisconsin v. Yoder ET AL.
1465:Alley, Robert S. (1999).
1242:amishreligiousfreedom.com
904:in its decision. Justice
632:School-to-work transition
270:
265:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
223:
157:
152:
143:
138:
130:
106:
101:
91:
59:
49:
42:
28:
23:
7007:Watkins v. United States
6592:Florida Star v. B. J. F.
5530:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
5506:Valentine v. Chrestensen
5133:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
4807:Compelled representation
4772:Knox v. SEIU, Local 1000
4478:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
4457:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
4075:United States v. Eichman
4027:United States v. O'Brien
3853:United States v. Stevens
3637:Memoirs v. Massachusetts
3597:Marcus v. Search Warrant
3392:United States v. Alvarez
3323:clear and present danger
3254:Schenck v. United States
2764:United States v. Ballard
2462:United States v. Ballard
2379:Private religious speech
2219:Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
1976:City of Boerne v. Flores
954:irrelevant in this case.
813:required the government
773:Wisconsin v. Jonas Yoder
735:United States portal
281:This article is part of
7163:Primaries and elections
6714:Time, Inc. v. Firestone
6674:Beauharnais v. Illinois
6359:FTC v. Superior Ct. TLA
5397:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
4676:Ellis v. Railway Clerks
4631:Moody v. NetChoice, LLC
4221:City of Ladue v. Gilleo
4205:Schneider v. New Jersey
4168:Reed v. Town of Gilbert
4019:Stromberg v. California
3922:United States v. Hansen
3528:Elonis v. United States
3427:Cantwell v. Connecticut
3343:imminent lawless action
3302:Dennis v. United States
3270:Abrams v. United States
3239:Alien and Sedition Acts
2756:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
2732:Cantwell v. Connecticut
2438:Internal church affairs
1217:Encyclopedia Britannica
964:William J. Brennan, Jr.
874:Wisconsin Supreme Court
453:Education policy issues
422:Environmental education
43:Argued December 8, 1971
7088:Membership restriction
6980:Freedom of association
6931:and state restrictions
6629:Houchins v. KQED, Inc.
6081:Citizens United v. FEC
5054:substantial disruption
4356:United States v. Grace
4252:Davis v. Massachusetts
4083:Barnes v. Glen Theatre
3557:Rosen v. United States
3536:Counterman v. Colorado
3512:Watts v. United States
3318:Yates v. United States
2868:Thomas v. Review Board
2796:Fowler v. Rhode Island
1432:A History of the Amish
1033:
1000:
856:Background of the case
590:Standards-based reform
565:Gender achievement gap
555:Racial achievement gap
488:Educational attainment
180:William J. Brennan Jr.
6840:Copyrighted materials
6469:Patterson v. Colorado
6378:Procunier v. Martinez
6231:Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
5373:restriction of speech
5360:Broadrick v. Oklahoma
3573:Roth v. United States
3286:Whitney v. California
3262:Debs v. United States
3062:Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC
3045:Ministerial exception
2999:Exclusion of religion
2900:Goldman v. Weinberger
1614:- written in 1927 by
1016:
987:
656:Research universities
523:Student financial aid
518:Graduate unemployment
493:Post-secondary issues
469:Primary and secondary
432:Mathematics education
6443:Freedom of the press
6267:Official retaliation
5921:and political speech
5445:Freedman v. Maryland
5389:Cox v. New Hampshire
5272:Garcetti v. Ceballos
4660:Machinists v. Street
4284:Niemotko v. Maryland
4268:Thornhill v. Alabama
4144:Butterworth v. Smith
4043:Spence v. Washington
3685:Miller v. California
3653:Ginsberg v. New York
3001:from public benefits
2876:United States v. Lee
2780:Niemotko v. Maryland
2704:Free Exercise Clause
2328:Edwards v. Aguillard
2304:Epperson v. Arkansas
2051:Lemon v. Kurtzman II
2043:Tilton v. Richardson
1814:Establishment Clause
1428:Nolt, S. M. (1992).
1087:"Wisconsin v. Yoder"
1048:Notes and references
962:, joined by Justice
929:Fourteenth Amendment
921:Free Exercise Clause
914:William H. Rehnquist
910:Lewis F. Powell, Jr.
786:compulsory education
724:Education portal
560:Desegregation busing
513:Elite overproduction
442:Vocational education
146:Free Exercise Clause
45:Decided May 15, 1972
7252:Freedom to petition
6918:Presser v. Illinois
6889:Freedom of assembly
6829:Bartnicki v. Vopper
6410:Overton v. Bazzetta
6324:Gonzalez v. Trevino
5826:Nike, Inc. v. Kasky
5546:Bigelow v. Virginia
5240:Waters v. Churchill
5224:Rankin v. McPherson
5168:Perry v. Sindermann
4420:McCullen v. Coakley
4316:Adderley v. Florida
4035:Cohen v. California
3890:to criminal conduct
3813:Ashcroft v. ACLU II
3589:Smith v. California
3581:One, Inc. v. Olesen
3467:Cohen v. California
3338:Brandenburg v. Ohio
2572:McGowan v. Maryland
1984:Cutter v. Wilkinson
1918:Statutory religious
1650:on October 13, 2013
1572:Library of Congress
1192:Library of Congress
1117:. p. 821-866.
1020:Wisconsin v. Yoder,
794:freedom of religion
677:Levels of education
649:For-profit colleges
617:Foreign involvement
208:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
78:92 S. Ct. 1526; 32
7211:Clingman v. Beaver
7128:Dallas v. Stanglin
7058:Baggett v. Bullitt
6939:De Jonge v. Oregon
6864:Eldred v. Ashcroft
6621:Branzburg v. Hayes
6576:Time, Inc. v. Hill
6308:Nieves v. Bartlett
6284:Reichle v. Howards
6255:Murthy v. Missouri
6129:Thompson v. Hebdon
6057:Randall v. Sorrell
5602:Friedman v. Rogers
5125:Morse v. Frederick
4996:Speiser v. Randall
4308:Brown v. Louisiana
4059:Dallas v. Stanglin
3898:New York v. Ferber
3797:Ashcroft v. ACLU I
3709:Jenkins v. Georgia
3661:Stanley v. Georgia
3645:Redrup v. New York
3613:Jacobellis v. Ohio
3451:Feiner v. New York
3278:Gitlow v. New York
3167:Ramirez v. Collier
2844:Wisconsin v. Yoder
2828:Sherbert v. Verner
2820:Torcaso v. Watkins
2804:Braunfeld v. Brown
2615:Torcaso v. Watkins
2588:Braunfeld v. Brown
2320:Wallace v. Jaffree
2203:Agostini v. Felton
2091:Wheeler v. Barrera
1867:Van Orden v. Perry
1729:Wisconsin v. Yoder
1512:Wisconsin v. Yoder
1504:Wisconsin v. Yoder
1025:Wisconsin v. Yoder
983:William O. Douglas
977:Dissenting opinion
906:William O. Douglas
828:Sherbert v. Verner
806:Sherbert v. Verner
639:Community colleges
585:School segregation
503:Cost and financing
427:Language education
172:William O. Douglas
168:Associate Justices
24:Wisconsin v. Yoder
7443:1972 in Wisconsin
7438:1972 in education
7390:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7336:McDonald v. Smith
7272:Thomas v. Collins
7241:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7171:Cousins v. Wigoda
6969:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6947:Thomas v. Collins
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6738:McDonald v. Smith
6525:Pell v. Procunier
6477:Near v. Minnesota
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6113:McCutcheon v. FEC
5890:Iancu v. Brunetti
5722:Edenfield v. Fane
5497:Commercial speech
5176:Arnett v. Kennedy
4935:Iancu v. Brunetti
4838:Government grants
4833:
4832:
4644:of others' speech
4642:Compelled subsidy
4575:Wooley v. Maynard
4536:
4535:
4441:Widmar v. Vincent
4388:Burson v. Freeman
4372:Frisby v. Schultz
4099:Virginia v. Black
3932:
3931:
3821:Nitke v. Gonzales
3757:People v. Freeman
3677:Kois v. Wisconsin
3520:Virginia v. Black
3196:Freedom of speech
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3151:Sossamon v. Texas
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2655:Bowen v. Kendrick
2647:Larson v. Valente
2521:Taxpayer standing
2280:Zorach v. Clauson
2211:Mitchell v. Helms
2171:Aguilar v. Felton
2107:Meek v. Pittenger
2035:Lemon v. Kurtzman
1843:Lynch v. Donnelly
1835:Marsh v. Chambers
1501:Works related to
1482:978-1-57392-703-1
1447:978-1-56148-072-2
1406:HILL, B. JESSIE.
1378:978-0-8147-2301-2
1152:978-1-108-41747-1
769:
768:
622:Special education
612:Sexual harassment
405:Medical education
359:Curriculum topics
295:
275:
274:
216:William Rehnquist
196:Thurgood Marshall
114:539 (Wis. 1971);
7455:
7428:1972 in religion
7312:Cox v. Louisiana
7247:
7246:
7015:NAACP v. Alabama
6988:
6987:
6975:
6974:
6897:
6896:
6884:
6883:
6455:Prior restraints
6451:
6450:
6438:
6437:
6394:Turner v. Safley
6276:Hartman v. Moore
6223:Marsh v. Alabama
6172:Buckley v. Valeo
6156:NAACP v. Alabama
6148:Anonymous speech
6041:McConnell v. FEC
5929:Buckley v. Valeo
5918:Campaign finance
5405:Kunz v. New York
5216:Connick v. Myers
5152:Public employees
4856:Rust v. Sullivan
4804:
4803:
4542:Compelled speech
4412:Hill v. Colorado
4300:Cox v. Louisiana
4237:
4236:
4067:Texas v. Johnson
3491:Snyder v. Phelps
3222:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3191:
3190:
3130:Tanzin v. Tanvir
3114:Zubik v. Burwell
3085:
3084:
2996:
2995:
2972:Tandon v. Newsom
2852:McDaniel v. Paty
2788:Kunz v. New York
2748:Jamison v. Texas
2699:
2698:
2623:McDaniel v. Paty
2155:Mueller v. Allen
2123:Wolman v. Walter
1891:Salazar v. Buono
1822:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1749:Quaqua Society.
1745:
1743:
1741:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1713:on June 30, 2007
1709:. Archived from
1698:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1646:. Archived from
1634:
1632:
1630:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1500:
1486:
1452:
1451:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1382:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1058:
896:Court's decision
761:
754:
747:
733:
732:
731:
722:
721:
661:Community school
580:Racial diversity
550:Achievement gaps
454:
316:in insular areas
298:
294:Education in the
293:
277:
276:
164:Warren E. Burger
153:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7452:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7382:
7288:NAACP v. Button
7254:
7233:
7158:
7083:
7064:
7045:
7031:NAACP v. Button
6982:
6961:
6930:
6924:
6891:
6870:
6835:
6781:Broadcast media
6776:
6773:(9th Cir. 2014)
6659:
6604:
6598:
6563:
6557:Tory v. Cochran
6493:Tucker v. Texas
6457:
6445:
6424:
6365:
6338:
6316:Egbert v. Boule
6261:
6247:Lindke v. Freed
6210:
6143:
6033:FEC v. Beaumont
5920:
5912:
5906:Vidal v. Elster
5491:
5429:NAACP v. Button
5372:
5366:
5336:Ex parte Curtis
5327:
5318:
5147:
5018:
4965:
4959:Vidal v. Elster
4901:
4894:
4839:
4829:
4802:
4796:Janus v. AFSCME
4780:Harris v. Quinn
4756:Locke v. Karass
4643:
4637:
4532:
4486:Brown v. Glines
4469:
4463:
4432:
4426:
4241:
4235:
4196:
4195:Content-neutral
4190:
4111:
4105:
4010:
4008:Symbolic speech
4002:
3980:Smith v. Goguen
3969:
3961:
3938:Strict scrutiny
3928:
3906:Osborne v. Ohio
3889:
3888:Speech integral
3883:
3848:(9th Cir. 2009)
3840:(6th Cir. 2009)
3824:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
3752:(7th Cir. 1985)
3568:(S.D.N.Y. 1933)
3542:
3497:
3415:
3406:
3365:
3356:
3350:Hess v. Indiana
3294:Fiske v. Kansas
3249:(S.D.N.Y. 1917)
3228:
3216:
3205:
3198:
3173:
3136:
3076:
3039:
3033:Carson v. Makin
3000:
2994:
2772:Tucker v. Texas
2724:Davis v. Beason
2706:
2685:
2679:Trump v. Hawaii
2631:Harris v. McRae
2602:
2559:
2516:
2446:Watson v. Jones
2433:
2374:
2312:Stone v. Graham
2288:Engel v. Vitale
2263:
2257:
2251:Carson v. Makin
1990:
1919:
1913:
1826:
1825:Public displays
1816:
1803:
1797:
1759:
1757:
1739:
1737:
1725:
1716:
1714:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1653:
1651:
1628:
1626:
1602:
1600:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1493:
1483:
1461:
1459:Further reading
1456:
1455:
1448:
1426:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1355:
1351:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1038:
1005:
979:
925:First Amendment
898:
858:
819:strict scrutiny
809:, the Court in
765:
729:
727:
726:
716:
690:Early childhood
672:
607:School violence
540:Charter schools
452:
446:
415:Nursing degrees
393:Legal education
388:Music education
383:Civic education
321:By subject area
296:
292:
206:
194:
182:
126:994 (1971).
87:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
7461:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7372:
7364:
7356:
7348:
7344:Meyer v. Grant
7340:
7332:
7324:
7316:
7308:
7300:
7292:
7284:
7276:
7268:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7243:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7223:
7215:
7207:
7199:
7191:
7183:
7175:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7148:
7140:
7132:
7124:
7116:
7108:
7100:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7053:
7051:
7050:Future Conduct
7047:
7046:
7044:
7043:
7035:
7027:
7019:
7011:
7003:
6994:
6992:
6984:
6983:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6959:
6951:
6943:
6934:
6932:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6914:
6905:
6903:
6893:
6892:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6860:
6852:
6843:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6825:
6817:
6809:
6801:
6793:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6766:
6758:
6750:
6742:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6710:
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6669:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6649:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6608:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6588:
6580:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6553:
6545:
6537:
6529:
6521:
6513:
6505:
6497:
6489:
6481:
6473:
6464:
6462:
6447:
6446:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6418:Beard v. Banks
6414:
6406:
6402:Shaw v. Murphy
6398:
6390:
6382:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6355:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6328:
6320:
6312:
6304:
6296:
6288:
6280:
6271:
6269:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6251:
6243:
6235:
6227:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6168:
6160:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6109:
6101:
6093:
6085:
6077:
6069:
6061:
6053:
6045:
6037:
6029:
6021:
6013:
6005:
5997:
5989:
5981:
5973:
5965:
5957:
5949:
5941:
5933:
5924:
5922:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5902:
5894:
5886:
5878:
5870:
5862:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5822:
5814:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5782:
5774:
5766:
5758:
5750:
5742:
5734:
5726:
5718:
5710:
5702:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5606:
5598:
5590:
5582:
5574:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5510:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5481:
5473:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5409:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5376:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5331:
5329:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5308:
5300:
5296:Lane v. Franks
5292:
5284:
5276:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5196:
5188:
5184:Elrod v. Burns
5180:
5172:
5164:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5137:
5129:
5121:
5113:
5105:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5073:
5065:
5061:Healy v. James
5057:
5045:
5037:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4975:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4906:
4904:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4819:
4810:
4808:
4801:
4800:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4647:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4436:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4247:
4245:
4234:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4014:
4012:
4011:versus conduct
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3975:
3973:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3422:
3420:
3418:heckler's veto
3412:Fighting words
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3346:
3334:
3326:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3058:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3009:Locke v. Davey
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2529:Flast v. Cohen
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2344:Lee v. Weisman
2340:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2264:public schools
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2083:Sloan v. Lemon
2079:
2071:
2067:Hunt v. McNair
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2019:Flast v. Cohen
2015:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1995:Public funding
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1827:and ceremonies
1818:
1817:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1723:
1699:
1680:
1660:
1635:
1619:
1609:
1586:
1554:Google Scholar
1508:
1492:
1491:External links
1489:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1420:
1398:
1377:
1349:
1310:
1282:
1254:
1229:
1204:
1179:
1158:
1151:
1131:
1103:
1078:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1004:
1001:
978:
975:
960:Potter Stewart
956:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
897:
894:
857:
854:
839:Antonin Scalia
767:
766:
764:
763:
756:
749:
741:
738:
737:
713:
712:
711:
710:
705:
702:Post-secondary
679:
678:
674:
673:
671:
670:
669:
668:
658:
653:
652:
651:
641:
636:
635:
634:
627:Apprenticeship
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
532:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
490:
485:
478:
477:
476:
474:Post-secondary
471:
460:
457:
456:
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
418:
417:
412:
410:Medical school
402:
401:
400:
390:
385:
380:
375:
373:Normal schools
370:
364:
361:
360:
356:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
306:
305:
301:
300:
288:
287:
273:
272:
268:
267:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
221:
220:
219:
218:
204:Harry Blackmun
184:Potter Stewart
169:
166:
161:
155:
154:
150:
149:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
77:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7460:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7378:
7377:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7338:
7337:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7248:
7244:
7229:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7060:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7041:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:Organizations
6989:
6985:
6981:
6976:
6972:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6927:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6901:Incorporation
6898:
6894:
6890:
6885:
6881:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6601:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6439:
6435:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:Licensing and
5369:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5325:
5321:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5024:School speech
5021:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4971:Loyalty oaths
4968:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:and subsidies
4836:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4429:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4193:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:Boos v. Barry
4133:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:Content-based
4108:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:Bond v. Floyd
3327:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
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3299:
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3212:
3208:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3169:
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3160:
3159:Holt v. Hobbs
3156:
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3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3124:
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3119:
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3035:
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3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2985:
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2977:
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2973:
2969:
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2713:
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2709:
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2673:
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2598:
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2534:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:Jones v. Wolf
2499:
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2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
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2104:
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2100:
2096:
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2024:
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2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
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2000:
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1997:
1993:
1986:
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1981:
1978:
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1973:
1970:
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1965:
1962:
1961:
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1954:
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1946:
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1573:
1564:
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1536:CourtListener
1528:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:at Wikisource
1506:
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1026:
1021:
1015:
1012:
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1009:homeschooling
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
974:
972:
967:
965:
961:
952:
948:
944:
940:
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926:
922:
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882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
853:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
835:
830:
829:
825:differs from
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
762:
757:
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750:
748:
743:
742:
740:
739:
736:
725:
720:
715:
714:
709:
708:Organizations
706:
704:
703:
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687:
683:
682:
681:
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664:
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613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:School choice
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:Student loans
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
508:Credentialism
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
483:
479:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:Accreditation
462:
461:
459:
458:
455:
450:
449:
443:
440:
438:
437:Sex education
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
399:
396:
395:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
378:Art education
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
358:
357:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
303:
302:
299:
297:United States
290:
289:
286:
284:
279:
278:
269:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:Case opinions
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:Chief Justice
159:
158:
156:
151:
147:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
97:
96:Oral argument
94:
90:
85:
81:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
7374:
7366:
7358:
7350:
7342:
7334:
7326:
7318:
7310:
7302:
7294:
7286:
7278:
7270:
7262:
7225:
7217:
7209:
7201:
7193:
7185:
7177:
7169:
7150:
7142:
7134:
7126:
7118:
7110:
7102:
7094:
7077:In re Primus
7075:
7069:Solicitation
7056:
7037:
7029:
7021:
7013:
7005:
6997:
6953:
6945:
6937:
6916:
6908:
6862:
6854:
6846:
6827:
6819:
6811:
6803:
6795:
6787:
6768:
6760:
6752:
6744:
6736:
6728:
6720:
6712:
6704:
6696:
6688:
6680:
6672:
6651:
6643:
6635:
6627:
6619:
6611:
6603:Taxation and
6590:
6582:
6574:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6531:
6523:
6515:
6507:
6499:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6416:
6408:
6400:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6357:
6349:
6330:
6322:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6292:Wood v. Moss
6290:
6282:
6274:
6253:
6245:
6237:
6229:
6221:
6215:State action
6202:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6135:
6127:
6119:
6111:
6103:
6095:
6087:
6079:
6073:Davis v. FEC
6071:
6063:
6055:
6047:
6039:
6031:
6023:
6015:
6007:
5999:
5991:
5983:
5975:
5967:
5959:
5951:
5943:
5935:
5927:
5904:
5896:
5888:
5882:Matal v. Tam
5880:
5872:
5864:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5768:
5760:
5752:
5744:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5712:
5704:
5696:
5688:
5680:
5672:
5664:
5656:
5648:
5640:
5634:In re R.M.J.
5632:
5624:
5616:
5608:
5600:
5592:
5586:In re Primus
5584:
5576:
5568:
5560:
5552:
5544:
5536:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5403:
5395:
5387:
5379:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5328:similar laws
5310:
5302:
5294:
5286:
5278:
5270:
5262:
5254:
5246:
5238:
5230:
5222:
5214:
5206:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4957:
4949:
4941:
4933:
4927:Matal v. Tam
4925:
4917:
4909:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4821:
4813:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4433:public forum
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4260:Hague v. CIO
4258:
4250:
4243:public forum
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4197:restrictions
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4112:restrictions
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3953:
3945:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3773:Reno v. ACLU
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3503:True threats
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3425:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3367:false speech
3348:
3336:
3328:
3316:
3313:(1955; 1961)
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3128:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2892:Bowen v. Roy
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2843:
2842:
2836:Cruz v. Beto
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1728:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:the original
1706:
1693:December 10,
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1674:December 10,
1672:. Retrieved
1668:
1654:December 10,
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1643:
1629:December 10,
1627:. Retrieved
1603:December 10,
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1591:
1511:
1503:
1467:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1401:
1359:
1352:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:
1247:December 19,
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1161:
1141:
1134:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:
1056:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1006:
996:
992:
988:
980:
968:
957:
933:
918:
901:
899:
890:
878:
870:Green County
859:
850:William Ball
847:
842:
832:
826:
822:
817:by applying
810:
804:
802:
772:
771:
770:
684:
602:School meals
480:
280:
266:Laws applied
211:
199:
187:
175:
102:Case history
71:
53:
15:
7368:Doe v. Reed
6549:Lowe v. SEC
6196:Doe v. Reed
3967:Overbreadth
3760:(Cal. 1988)
3215:Unprotected
2262:Religion in
1616:John Horsch
1330:: 365–411.
1096:October 13,
971:Byron White
841:wrote that
780:found that
245:Concurrence
237:Concurrence
192:Byron White
118:. granted,
7397:Categories
6665:Defamation
6605:privileges
6460:censorship
4902:as speaker
4900:Government
4431:Designated
3362:Defamation
3226:Incitement
1920:exemptions
862:New Glarus
570:Head Start
545:Inequality
398:Law school
131:Subsequent
84:U.S. LEXIS
5324:Hatch Act
4468:Nonpublic
3971:Vagueness
3548:Obscenity
2564:Blue laws
1387:cite book
1336:0078-0979
866:Wisconsin
790:8th grade
698:Secondary
482:Financing
82:15; 1972
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
6343:Boycotts
3231:sedition
1802:case law
1760:June 10,
1740:June 10,
1717:June 10,
1510:Text of
1344:24219558
1222:June 17,
1071:June 17,
1036:See also
1029:Nebraska
981:Justice
969:Justice
958:Justice
885:Lutheran
881:biblical
837:Justice
368:Literacy
312:By state
283:a series
229:Majority
92:Argument
6568:Privacy
6370:Prisons
5052:(1969,
3341:(1969,
3321:(1957,
1545:Findlaw
1527:Cornell
1473:466–482
1303:May 28,
1275:May 28,
1197:July 4,
1172:July 4,
923:of the
694:Primary
304:Summary
256:Douglas
253:Dissent
139:Holding
7379:(2011)
7371:(2010)
7363:(2002)
7355:(1999)
7347:(1988)
7339:(1985)
7331:(1979)
7323:(1972)
7315:(1965)
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7299:(1963)
7291:(1963)
7283:(1961)
7275:(1945)
7267:(1876)
7230:(2008)
7222:(2008)
7214:(2005)
7206:(2000)
7198:(1997)
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7155:(2010)
7147:(2000)
7139:(1995)
7131:(1989)
7123:(1988)
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7080:(1978)
7061:(1964)
7042:(2021)
7034:(1963)
7026:(1960)
7018:(1958)
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7002:(1951)
6958:(2021)
6950:(1945)
6942:(1937)
6921:(1886)
6913:(1876)
6867:(2003)
6859:(1985)
6851:(1977)
6832:(2001)
6824:(1997)
6816:(1996)
6808:(1981)
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6792:(1969)
6765:(1990)
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6741:(1985)
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6725:(1984)
6717:(1976)
6709:(1974)
6701:(1970)
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6616:(1936)
6595:(1989)
6587:(1975)
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6560:(2005)
6552:(1985)
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6488:(1938)
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6472:(1907)
6421:(2006)
6413:(2003)
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6335:(2024)
6327:(2024)
6319:(2022)
6311:(2019)
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6242:(2019)
6234:(1972)
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6207:(2021)
6199:(2010)
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6175:(1976)
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6159:(1958)
6140:(2022)
6132:(2019)
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5909:(2024)
5901:(2020)
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5299:(2014)
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4240:In the
4232:(2017)
4224:(1994)
4216:(1986)
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3808:(2003)
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3395:(2012)
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3333:(1966)
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3257:(1919)
3241:(1798)
3217:speech
3201:portal
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3142:RLUIPA
3133:(2020)
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3101:(2006)
3073:(2020)
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2767:(1944)
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2719:(1879)
2682:(2018)
2674:(1994)
2666:(1989)
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2618:(1961)
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2591:(1961)
2583:(1961)
2575:(1961)
2556:(2011)
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2532:(1968)
2513:(2020)
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2449:(1872)
2430:(2022)
2422:(2022)
2414:(2001)
2406:(1995)
2398:(1995)
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2347:(1992)
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2331:(1987)
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2307:(1968)
2299:(1963)
2291:(1962)
2283:(1952)
2275:(1948)
2254:(2022)
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2046:(1971)
2038:(1971)
2030:(1968)
2022:(1968)
2014:(1947)
2006:(1930)
1987:(2005)
1979:(1997)
1971:(1989)
1963:(1987)
1955:(1985)
1947:(1983)
1939:(1982)
1931:(1970)
1910:(2019)
1902:(2014)
1894:(2010)
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1584:
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1575:
1569:
1566:
1563:Justia
1560:
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1533:
1530:
1524:
1479:
1444:
1375:
1342:
1334:
1149:
1125:permit
1018:Since
535:Reform
498:Bubble
214:
212:·
210:
202:
200:·
198:
190:
188:·
186:
178:
176:·
174:
112:N.W.2d
4470:forum
2607:Other
1518:
1411:(PDF)
1340:JSTOR
1324:Nomos
902:Yoder
843:Yoder
823:Yoder
811:Yoder
803:Like
788:past
782:Amish
122:
107:Prior
6458:and
3416:the
3229:and
3089:RFRA
1762:2008
1742:2006
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1520:U.S.
1477:ISBN
1442:ISBN
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