27:
2172:
130:
266:
2182:
2192:
258:
291:, stress, knots, and special grain alignments. Strictly speaking, grain is not always the same as the figure of wood. Figure rarity often promotes the value of both the raw material, and the finished work it becomes a part of. These include:
45:
fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. It has various derived terms refer to different aspects of the fibers or patterns. Wood grain is important in woodworking and it impacts aesthetics.
183:- grain that swirls or twists. It can be found in a number of different patterns. This can be caused by factors such as knots, burls or "crotch" wood - where large branches separate from the trunk.
277:
In its simplest aesthetic meaning, wood grain is the alternating regions of relatively darker and lighter wood resulting from the differing growth parameters occurring in different seasons (i.e.,
144:
In describing the alignment of the wood in the tree, a distinction may be made. Different tree species may have one of the following basic grain descriptions and types:
163:- grain which spirals around the axis of the tree, but reverses its direction for periods of years resulting in alternating directions of the spiral grain. On
2065:
245:
span is less likely to fail if tension is applied along the grain, rather than across the grain. Grain direction will also affect the type of
460:
2055:
490:
114:. Straight grain runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piece. Cross grain deviates from the longitudinal axis in two ways:
547:
200:). In describing the application of a woodworking technique to a given piece of wood, the direction of the technique may be:
413:
2040:
2185:
2070:
2045:
66:
is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells (e.g.,
229:
Woods with straight grains are the easiest to work, while woods with interlocked grains are the most difficult.
2050:
512:
Basic civil engineering: for B.E. / B.Tech first year courses of various universities including M.D.U. and K.U.
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20:
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1994:
1213:
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The way a given piece of wood has been sawn affects both its appearance and physical properties:
219:(direction of cut is across the grain lines, but the plane of the cut is still aligned with them)
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1198:
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841:
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8:
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2014:
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320:: flat-sawn, slab-sawn, plain sawn, bastard-sawn, or sawn "through and through".
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151:- grain which runs in a single direction, parallel to the axis of the tree.
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2019:
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225:(at right angles to the grain, for example trimming the end of a plank)
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surfaces the change in grain direction creates a ribbon stripe figure.
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173:- grain which grows in a wavy fashion up the trunk; seen best in
395:
Second
Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009
340:: the grain of wood seen when it is cut across the growth rings.
213:(heavy going; giving a poor result such as chipping or tear-out)
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pieces of wood, or designing wooden structures. For example, a
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42:
514:, Haryana. New Delhi: Laxmi Publications, 2003. 78. Print.
439:
Understanding Wood: A Craftsman's Guide to Wood
Technology
58:
fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement.
2004:
1495:
1264:
1090:
984:
816:
2066:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
510:
Punmia, B.C., Ashok Kumar Jain, and Arun Kumar Jain.
348:
or burl wood, but this is result of very many knots.
157:- grain which spirals around the axis of the tree.
2208:
287:in wood is produced by causes including fungus,
192:An important physical aspect of wood grain in
54:Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of
541:
441:. Newtown, Conn.: Taunton, 1980. 265. Print.
444:
16:Alignment and texture of the fibres in wood
548:
534:
49:
433:
431:
2056:Building and Wood Workers' International
264:
256:
237:Grain alignment must be considered when
128:
122:. The amount of deviation is called the
25:
196:is the grain direction or slope (e.g.,
2209:
428:
106:The two basic categories of grain are
34:tree showing an extremely spiral grain
529:
450:
2191:
2181:
2041:American Association of Woodturners
463:from the original on 22 August 2019
281:) on a cut or split piece of wood.
101:
41:is the longitudinal arrangement of
13:
416:from the original on 10 April 2021
14:
2238:
2071:National Wood Carvers Association
521:
269:mountain ash floor, showing some
94:), and relative cell size (e.g.,
2190:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2046:Architectural Woodwork Institute
555:
493:from the original on 2023-06-19
437:Hoadley, R. Bruce. "Glossary."
261:typically figured red gum table
2051:British Woodworking Federation
504:
475:
398:
385:
187:
1:
2061:Caricature Carvers of America
412:. Random House, Inc. def. 7.
378:
252:
207:(easy; giving a clean result)
344:There is irregular grain in
7:
351:
249:seen in the finished item.
86:), plane of the cut (e.g.,
21:Wood grain (disambiguation)
10:
2243:
232:
18:
2166:
2140:
2089:
2076:Society of Wood Engravers
2033:
1947:
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1719:
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410:Dictionary.com Unabridged
393:Oxford English Dictionary
90:), rate of growth (e.g.,
74:), surface appearance or
30:The weathered trunk of a
334:or straight-grained, and
50:Definition and meanings
2153:Frameless construction
1234:Wood-plastic composite
391:"grain, n.1". def 15.
274:
262:
141:
35:
268:
260:
132:
29:
2081:Timber Framers Guild
935:Australian Blackwood
453:"Wood Grain/Texture"
451:Meier, Eric (2019).
19:For other uses, see
1801:Hammer-headed tenon
1320:Janka hardness test
368:Knee (construction)
662:Japanese carpentry
306:curly (fiddleback)
275:
263:
142:
124:slope of the grain
36:
2204:
2203:
2158:Green woodworking
2015:Wood preservation
1943:
1942:
1846:Tongue and groove
1826:Mortise and tenon
1715:
1714:
1413:Warrington hammer
1242:
1241:
930:African Blackwood
722:Segmented turning
457:The Wood Database
211:against the grain
198:against the grain
177:sections of wood.
82:placement (e.g.,
2234:
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1393:Thickness planer
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1047:(lime, basswood)
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637:Chainsaw carving
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217:across the grain
102:Physical aspects
60:R. Bruce Hoadley
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1771:Crown of thorns
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1335:Milling machine
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1199:Cross-laminated
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737:Spindle turning
727:Shingle weaving
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120:diagonal grain
108:straight grain
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1627:Chamfer plane
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1965:Heat bending
1910:Edge banding
1682:Router plane
1677:Rebate plane
1637:Finger plane
1368:
1072:
1066:
1046:
1040:Lignum vitae
798:
792:
757:Wood carving
732:Shipbuilding
717:Root carving
677:Log building
642:Chip carving
511:
506:
495:. Retrieved
486:
477:
465:. Retrieved
456:
446:
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418:. Retrieved
409:
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363:Grain filler
343:
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328:quarter-sawn
323:
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279:growth rings
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135:Quarter-sawn
133:Sketch of A—
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116:spiral grain
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92:narrow grain
91:
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72:spiral grain
71:
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2222:Woodcarving
2217:Woodworking
2186:WikiProject
2132:Rift sawing
2122:Flat sawing
2010:Wood drying
1687:Scrub plane
1672:Razee plane
1622:Block plane
1476:Mitre clamp
1423:Wood scribe
1374:Combination
1116:Purpleheart
812:Douglas fir
762:Woodturning
595:Occupations
557:Woodworking
194:woodworking
188:Woodworking
165:quartersawn
161:interlocked
112:cross grain
80:growth-ring
62:wrote that
2211:Categories
2141:Techniques
2090:Conversion
2020:Wood stain
1948:Treatments
1736:Birdsmouth
1702:Spokeshave
1652:Jack plane
1642:Fore plane
1481:Pipe clamp
1446:Band clamp
1370:Carpenters
1191:Engineered
1141:Rubberwood
990:Eucalyptus
794:Calocedrus
707:Pyrography
672:Kohlrosing
497:2023-08-07
379:References
324:edge grain
317:flat-grain
296:bird's eye
271:fiddleback
253:Aesthetics
96:open grain
39:Wood grain
1930:Parquetry
1925:Oystering
1920:Marquetry
1761:Butterfly
1428:Workbench
1360:Sandpaper
1340:Mitre box
1285:Drawknife
1275:Burnisher
1260:Abrasives
1209:Hardboard
870:Afromosia
752:Whittling
702:Parquetry
687:Marquetry
632:Certosina
627:Carpentry
617:Cabinetry
564:Overviews
467:16 August
346:burr wood
338:end grain
332:rift-sawn
223:end grain
181:irregular
139:flat-sawn
88:end grain
2176:Category
1955:Adhesive
1935:Purfling
1915:Intarsia
1856:Profiles
1781:Dovetail
1720:Geometry
1559:Hand saw
1544:Crosscut
1529:Circular
1524:Chainsaw
1471:Holdfast
1136:Rosewood
1068:American
1063:Mahogany
1035:Jelutong
1005:Hornbeam
970:Cocobolo
965:Chestnut
880:Andiroba
692:Millwork
657:Intarsia
652:Fretwork
647:Ébéniste
576:Glossary
491:Archived
461:Archived
414:Archived
352:See also
243:stressed
175:flatsawn
149:straight
137:& B—
2196:Commons
2112:Whipsaw
2107:Sawmill
2000:Varnish
1995:Thermal
1970:Lacquer
1905:Binding
1874:Chamfer
1741:Biscuit
1707:Surform
1599:Whipsaw
1569:Keyhole
1554:Fretsaw
1534:Compass
1519:Bucksaw
1509:Bandsaw
1504:Backsaw
1486:Sawbuck
1456:F-clamp
1451:C-clamp
1325:Jointer
1229:Plywood
1181:Zebrano
1121:Ovankol
1086:Meranti
1074:African
1045:Linden
1000:Hickory
955:Cedrela
950:Camphor
945:Bubinga
940:Boxwood
920:Bilinga
905:Avodire
822:Juniper
807:Cypress
682:Luthier
571:History
406:"grain"
301:quilted
247:warping
239:joining
233:Support
2102:Hewing
1841:Splice
1796:Halved
1791:Groove
1786:Finger
1766:Coping
1751:Bridle
1728:Joints
1609:Planes
1594:Veneer
1584:Scroll
1579:Ripsaw
1564:Jigsaw
1539:Coping
1438:Clamps
1365:Square
1355:Shaper
1350:Router
1330:Mallet
1305:Gimlet
1280:Chisel
1176:Willow
1166:Walnut
1156:Totara
1146:Sapele
1111:Poplar
1096:Padauk
1058:Merbau
1030:Jarrah
1015:Imbuia
1010:Idigbo
975:Cumaru
960:Cherry
885:Anigre
847:Spruce
800:Cedrus
667:Khatam
622:Caning
585:lumber
420:13 Jan
285:Figure
273:figure
155:spiral
76:figure
1980:Paint
1889:Ovolo
1884:Ogive
1869:Bevel
1836:Scarf
1821:Miter
1589:Table
1574:Miter
1549:Frame
1466:Gripe
1382:Speed
1378:Miter
1310:Gauge
1300:Float
1295:Fence
1290:Drill
1248:Tools
1171:Wenge
1161:Utile
1126:Ramin
1081:Maple
1053:Lovoa
1025:Iroko
995:Hazel
980:Ebony
925:Birch
915:Beech
910:Balsa
900:Aspen
895:Apple
875:Alder
832:Kauri
827:Larch
789:Cedar
772:Woods
747:Treen
289:burls
64:grain
2227:Wood
1879:Ogee
1864:Bead
1806:Knee
1776:Dado
1756:Butt
1496:Saws
1408:Vise
1345:Rasp
1270:Adze
1151:Teak
1106:Plum
1101:Pear
862:Hard
842:Rimu
837:Pine
781:Soft
581:Wood
469:2019
422:2015
171:wavy
110:and
56:wood
43:wood
2005:Wax
1975:Oil
1811:Lap
1746:Box
1514:Bow
1386:Try
1265:Axe
1219:OSB
1214:MDF
1091:Oak
1020:Ipê
985:Elm
890:Ash
852:Yew
817:Fir
330:or
118:or
98:).
2213::
1384:,
1380:,
1376:,
1372:,
1071:,
797:,
485:.
459:.
455:.
430:^
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1367:(
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583:(
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535:v
500:.
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424:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
