19:
27:
90:. Its core components were the Woodvale and the Shankill Defence Associations, the Woodvale organisation being the largest of its forerunners. The new organisation was a loose confederation, and the Woodvale group continued to publish a newsletter, the
79:
acting as its main spokesman, although Moon was soon replaced by
Harding Smith. Initial membership of the WDA was primarily middle-aged and disinclined to take violent action. However,
83:
interrupted an early meeting to call for members to receive military training. Harding Smith instructed him to start this, members bringing both legally held guns and dummy weapons.
56:
The organisation grew from a few smaller vigilante groups. It initially met in a pigeon fancier's club on
Leopold Street, a location found on the initiative of
322:
64:, which covered a neighbouring area, but Ian Wood's detailed study of the Ulster Defence Association dates its origin to June 1970, when a loyalist
1061:
849:
60:, who kept some birds. Sources differ on its actual date of foundation; many claim it was founded in 1969, around the same time as the
315:
875:
911:
690:
1129:
905:
308:
1011:
1076:
1124:
1071:
1016:
976:
893:
748:
665:
1041:
1031:
863:
383:
61:
1119:
1086:
801:
660:
331:
87:
582:
496:
69:
917:
899:
839:
808:
560:
550:
465:
430:
1051:
680:
454:
110:
1081:
964:
887:
869:
857:
757:
707:
655:
594:
576:
514:
504:
95:
76:
737:
713:
702:
696:
403:
357:
122:
57:
881:
525:
8:
1134:
1046:
1066:
1036:
923:
396:
167:
1026:
826:
764:
478:
1056:
982:
725:
675:
650:
532:
417:
39:
212:
Steve Bruce, "Unionists and the Border", in
Malcolm Anderson and Everhard Bort,
958:
795:
719:
670:
545:
539:
99:
1113:
1021:
994:
626:
616:
599:
519:
485:
447:
300:
118:
103:
50:
988:
970:
946:
940:
833:
685:
644:
637:
605:
569:
424:
410:
342:
952:
611:
588:
460:
389:
22:
Plaque commemorating the organisation in the
Woodvale area, October 2011
782:
731:
631:
621:
509:
471:
363:
114:
80:
109:
Several leading members of the UDA started out in the WDA, including
65:
42:
789:
18:
106:. When the UDA was restructured, the WDA became its "B" Company.
46:
253:
The politics of legitimacy: struggles in a
Belfast community
26:
143:
The red hand: Protestant paramilitaries in
Northern Ireland
72:
was attacked by
Catholic protesters, leading to a riot.
86:
In 1971, many local loyalist groups merged to form the
94:. Its 1 May 1972 issue carried a notorious article
172:
Yearbook of the
European convention on human rights
1111:
1062:Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee
266:Ethnic and religious conflicts: Europe and Asia
330:
316:
75:The WDA was initially led by Alan Moon, with
214:The Irish border: history, politics, culture
30:WDA mural on Disraeli Street, February 2012
323:
309:
49:, an area immediately to the north of the
292:UDA: inside the heart of Loyalist terror
25:
17:
876:Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings
279:Crimes of loyalty: a history of the UDA
188:Crimes of loyalty: a history of the UDA
1112:
775:North Antrim & Londonderry Brigade
182:
180:
304:
912:Attack on James Murray's bookmakers
177:
13:
1012:Combined Loyalist Military Command
45:group in the Woodvale district of
14:
1146:
906:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting
1072:Ulster Political Research Group
1017:Loyalist Association of Workers
290:Henry McDonald and Jim Cusack,
284:
271:
258:
1077:Ulster Workers' Council strike
245:
232:
219:
206:
193:
161:
148:
135:
1:
128:
1092:Woodvale Defence Association
1042:Shankill Defence Association
1032:Real Ulster Freedom Fighters
894:Biddy Mulligan's pub bombing
864:Top of the Hill bar shooting
62:Shankill Defence Association
36:Woodvale Defence Association
7:
1087:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist)
10:
1151:
1130:Ulster Defence Association
666:William "Bucky" McCullough
332:Ulster Defence Association
88:Ulster Defence Association
1102:bold indicates brigadiers
1100:
1004:
933:
848:
818:
774:
749:South East Antrim Brigade
747:
676:Billy "Twister" McQuiston
559:
495:
439:
376:
369:position abolished (1988)
350:
338:
900:Milltown Cemetery attack
671:Stephen "Top Gun" McKeag
479:Andre & Ihab Shoukri
1125:The Troubles in Belfast
1052:Ulster Democratic Party
1082:Ulster Young Militants
888:Dublin Airport bombing
870:New Lodge Six shooting
606:William "Winkie" Dodds
31:
23:
726:"Fat" Jackie Thompson
703:Gary "Smickers" Smyth
697:Charles Harding Smith
497:South Belfast Brigade
440:North Belfast Brigade
384:Albert "Ginger" Baker
358:Charles Harding Smith
58:Charles Harding Smith
29:
21:
882:Murder of Ann Ogilby
561:West Belfast Brigade
404:Jim "Doris Day" Gray
377:East Belfast Brigade
240:Irish urban cultures
1047:Ulster Army Council
918:Castlerock killings
858:Benny's Bar bombing
681:James "Sham" Millar
351:Chairmen of the UDA
96:justifying genocide
1120:History of Belfast
1067:Ulster nationalism
1037:Red Hand Defenders
924:Greysteel massacre
819:Mid-Ulster Brigade
32:
24:
1107:
1106:
934:Prominent victims
168:Council of Europe
1142:
1005:Related articles
827:Robert John Kerr
325:
318:
311:
302:
301:
295:
288:
282:
275:
269:
262:
256:
249:
243:
236:
230:
223:
217:
210:
204:
197:
191:
184:
175:
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152:
146:
139:
102:and calling for
70:Springfield Road
1150:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1057:Ulster loyalism
1027:Quis separabit?
1000:
983:Eddie Fullerton
929:
844:
814:
802:Billy McFarland
770:
743:
661:Alan McCullough
651:Kenny McClinton
555:
533:Jackie McDonald
491:
435:
418:Sammy McCormick
372:
346:
334:
329:
299:
298:
289:
285:
276:
272:
263:
259:
250:
246:
237:
233:
224:
220:
211:
207:
198:
194:
185:
178:
166:
162:
153:
149:
140:
136:
131:
100:Roman Catholics
40:Ulster loyalist
12:
11:
5:
1148:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
959:Ronnie Bunting
956:
950:
944:
937:
935:
931:
930:
928:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
854:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
837:
830:
822:
820:
816:
815:
813:
812:
805:
798:
796:Torrens Knight
793:
786:
778:
776:
772:
771:
769:
768:
761:
753:
751:
745:
744:
742:
741:
734:
729:
722:
720:William Stobie
717:
710:
705:
700:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
641:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
602:
597:
592:
585:
583:Jackie Coulter
580:
573:
565:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
548:
546:Ray Smallwoods
543:
540:John McMichael
536:
529:
522:
517:
512:
507:
501:
499:
493:
492:
490:
489:
482:
475:
468:
463:
458:
451:
443:
441:
437:
436:
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433:
428:
421:
414:
407:
400:
393:
386:
380:
378:
374:
373:
371:
370:
367:
361:
354:
352:
348:
347:
339:
336:
335:
328:
327:
320:
313:
305:
297:
296:
283:
270:
257:
251:Frank Burton,
244:
238:Chris Curtin,
231:
225:Peter Taylor,
218:
205:
192:
186:Wood, Ian S.,
176:
160:
154:Peter Taylor,
147:
133:
132:
130:
127:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1147:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:Loyalist feud
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
996:
995:Frankie Curry
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
936:
932:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
855:
853:
851:
847:
841:
840:Michael Stone
838:
836:
835:
831:
829:
828:
824:
823:
821:
817:
811:
810:
809:Andy Robinson
806:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
792:
791:
787:
785:
784:
780:
779:
777:
773:
767:
766:
762:
760:
759:
755:
754:
752:
750:
746:
740:
739:
735:
733:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
698:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:Donald Hodgen
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:Ernie Elliott
615:
613:
610:
608:
607:
603:
601:
600:Frankie Curry
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:
574:
572:
571:
567:
566:
564:
562:
558:
552:
551:Michael Stone
549:
547:
544:
542:
541:
537:
535:
534:
530:
528:
527:
523:
521:
520:Raymond Elder
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
500:
498:
494:
488:
487:
486:Jimbo Simpson
483:
481:
480:
476:
474:
473:
469:
467:
466:Tommy English
464:
462:
459:
457:
456:
452:
450:
449:
448:John Boreland
445:
444:
442:
438:
432:
431:Michael Stone
429:
427:
426:
422:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
399:
398:
394:
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
379:
375:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
353:
349:
345:
344:
337:
333:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
307:
306:
303:
293:
287:
280:
277:Ian S. Wood,
274:
267:
264:Peter Janke,
261:
254:
248:
241:
235:
228:
222:
215:
209:
202:
199:Steve Bruce,
196:
189:
183:
181:
173:
169:
164:
157:
151:
144:
141:Steve Bruce,
138:
134:
126:
124:
120:
119:Ernie Elliott
116:
112:
107:
105:
104:racial purity
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
51:Shankill Road
48:
44:
41:
38:(WDA) was an
37:
28:
20:
16:
1091:
989:Ned McCreery
977:Gerard Casey
971:Pat Finucane
947:John Turnley
941:Paddy Wilson
834:Eddie Sayers
832:
825:
807:
800:
788:
781:
763:
756:
736:
724:
712:
695:
691:Brian Nelson
686:Wendy Millar
645:Tommy Lyttle
643:
638:Matt Kincaid
636:
604:
587:
575:
570:Johnny Adair
568:
538:
531:
524:
484:
477:
470:
455:John Bunting
453:
446:
425:Ned McCreery
423:
416:
411:Tommy Herron
409:
402:
397:Billy Elliot
395:
388:
343:the Troubles
341:
291:
286:
278:
273:
265:
260:
252:
247:
239:
234:
226:
221:
213:
208:
201:The Red Hand
200:
195:
187:
171:
163:
155:
150:
142:
137:
111:Jim Anderson
108:
91:
85:
74:
55:
35:
33:
15:
965:James Craig
953:Miriam Daly
758:Joe English
708:Sammy Smyth
656:Sam McCrory
612:Hester Dunn
595:James Craig
589:Mo Courtney
577:Ken Barrett
515:James Craig
505:David Adams
461:Sammy Duddy
390:Jimmy Birch
366:(1973-1988)
360:(1971-1973)
203:, pp.49, 59
77:Sammy Smyth
1135:Vigilantes
1114:Categories
783:Glenn Barr
765:John Gregg
738:John White
732:Andy Tyrie
714:Jim Spence
632:Billy Hull
622:Davy Fogel
510:Joe Bratty
472:Davy Payne
364:Andy Tyrie
129:References
123:John White
115:Davy Payne
81:Davy Fogel
526:Alex Kerr
227:Loyalists
156:Loyalists
66:pipe band
43:vigilante
790:Ken Kerr
190:, pp.1–2
98:against
92:WDA News
850:Actions
340:during
281:, p.347
268:, p.116
242:, p.250
229:, p.100
216:, p.129
174:, p.652
158:, p.101
68:on the
47:Belfast
997:(1999)
991:(1992)
985:(1991)
979:(1989)
973:(1989)
967:(1988)
961:(1980)
955:(1980)
949:(1980)
943:(1973)
926:(1993)
920:(1993)
914:(1992)
908:(1992)
902:(1988)
896:(1975)
890:(1975)
884:(1974)
878:(1973)
872:(1973)
866:(1972)
860:(1972)
294:, p.55
255:, p.52
145:, p.49
121:and
34:The
1116::
179:^
170:,
125:.
117:,
113:,
53:.
324:e
317:t
310:v
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