39:
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The opera was performed in many different versions. In its Paris form, apart from having the additional ballet suites, the plot was rewritten to make it more congenial to the court, including the enhancement of Xerse himself to a more kingly role comparable to the status of the King of France - which
473:, a tenor, which required transposing his music down an octave. The manuscript scores "offer no more than a kind of sketch of what should actually be played", so Jacobs realized parts and added other instruments, such as two recorders, which probably were not used in Venice at the time, and used a
468:
by
Cavalli and contemporaries to introduce acts and several important scenes and for changes of scenery. He also added from the Paris version an aria for Aristone ("Con tuoi vezzi lusinghieri") and a duo for Romilda and Arsamene in act 3 ("Arsemene mio bene..."). In addition, he cast the role of
205:
were also rewritten. Surviving manuscripts including
Cavalli’s own annotations from performances of Xerse in Venice, Genoa, Naples and Bologna clearly demonstrate that he often amended, cut, and reorganized material as each production was being prepared.
189:, who had become the official court composer in France. The whole spectacle lasted eight or nine hours and the French audience had little appreciation for an opera in a foreign language, preferring Lully's dance music.
433:
Persians in Xerse's guard, Romilda's ladies-in-waiting, Ariodate's soliers, Periarco's pages, spirits guarding the plane tree, sailors of the ships on the
Hellespont, Indians in Xerse's militia, Greeks in Xerse's
659:
Brown 1993. Clinkscale (1992) gives the year as 1654, which is what is shown in the original libretto. However, the New Year in Venice at the time was celebrated on March 1, so the year by the
764:
Voice types are from
Clinkscale 1992, except Aristone, Periarco , Clito, Sesostre, Scitalce, and Capitano, which are from the booklet accompanying the 1985 recording conducted by René Jacobs (
631:(Xerse), Ekaterina Protsenko (Amastre), Gaia Petrone (Arsamene), Carolina Lippo (Romilda), Dioklea Hoxha (Adelanta), Carlo Allemano (Ariodate), Orchestra Barocca Modo Antiquo, conducted by
164:
The premiere at Venice was probably conducted by
Cavalli from the keyboard. The opera was highly popular in Italy: at least nine different revivals were given there while Cavalli lived.
693:
628:
553:
533:
A critical edition of the 1655 version by Sara Elisa
Stangalino and Hendrik Schulze made in 2019 was the basis for a performance as part of the
589:
446:
Martha Novak
Clinkscale included a modern transcription of the full score in the second volume of her Ph.D. thesis ("Pier Francesco Cavalli's
546:
458:. The two surviving Italian manuscript scores both lack the music of the prologue, so Jacobs added the prologue from Cavalli's 1654 opera
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510:
produced an edition of the 1660 Paris version, edited by
Barbara Nestola, in 2015. This version was the basis for a staged production by
752:
38:
1041:
Mattia L. Palma (2023). "A Tangle of
Affections and Relationships", p. 13, in the booklet accompanying the Dynamic 2023 Blu-ray disc.
1208:
1596:
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used
Clinkscale's edition as the starting point for his version, performed at the Bordeaux Festival in May 1985 and issued on four
503:
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1571:
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1307:
786:
René Jacobs, "Realization and Adaptation", pp. 17–32, in the booklet accompanying his recording, 1985, reissued in 2000.
121:. The opera, consisting of a prologue and three acts, was composed in 1654 and first performed on 12 January 1655 at the
856:
Cavalli, Francesco; Lully, Jean-Baptiste: Xerxès. Dramma per musica in one prologue and three acts. Paris version 1660
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Another new edition of the Paris version was prepared by Marcio da Silva for a concert performance at the
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213:"Ombra mai fu" ("There was never a shadow"). According to Martha Novak Clinkscale, Handel's later,
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Although Nicolò Minato took the framework of his libretto from the seventh book of Herodotus's
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in Paris. He soon became entangled in court intrigue which ensured that the projected opera,
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In 1660 Cavalli was persuaded to travel to France to produce a new opera for the wedding of
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755:, Library of Congress. The roles of the prologue are omitted, since the music is lost.
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464:. The ballet music marked in the printed librettos is also absent, so he added short
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75:
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Nestola, Barbara; Stangalino, Sara Elisa; Klaper, Michael; Schulze, Hendrik (eds.).
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in the 15th century, the plot is actually based on a 1651 comedy by Raffaele Tauro,
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was not convinced of the authenticity of guitars in Ariodate's first entry aria.
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Clinkscale, Martha Novak (1992). "Xerse (i) ('Xerxes')", vol. 4, p. 1185, in
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necessitated a change of the register of the part, originally written for a
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1104:. Recorded at the TheCockpit on 20 February 2021. Duration:2h 33m 15s.
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Cavalli : Xerse - Centre de musique baroque de Versailles
322:
111:, 1738). Minato's plot outline is loosely based on Book 7 of
107:
66:
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1230:[video of a concert performance by French countertenor
347:
265:
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217:"is neither more poignant nor mellifluous than Cavalli's".
210:
852:
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by Francesco Cavalli at the Festival della Valle d'Itria"
563:, London in 2021, although the title role was sung by a
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Sara Elisa Stangalino, Hendrik Schulze (January 2019).
1136:. Reprinted with minor alterations in 2001, p. 161 in
567:
rather than a baritone, and the ballets were omitted.
1539:
1116:
Brown, Jennifer Williams (1993). "Francesco Cavalli.
1140:, edited by Amanda Holden. London: Penguin Books.
1097:Francesco Cavalli: Xerse (1655). Ensemble OrQuesta
923:"Emmanuelle Haïm 'Xerse, c'est une sorte de Così'"
920:
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526:in January 2016. It was also presented at the
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264:eventually his wife, daughter of the King of
153:, which in turn was an Italian adaptation of
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592:(Arsamene), Isabelle Poulenard (Romilda),
185:was given with ballets by Cavalli's rival
1209:International Music Score Library Project
802:
800:
782:
780:
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751:Roles and role descriptions are from the
700:, takte-online.de. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
450:") at the University of Minnesota, 1970.
209:The first act begins with the well-known
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292:daughter of Ariodate, sister of Adelanta
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504:Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles
303:daughter of Ariodate, sister of Romilda
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921:Bernard Schreuders (8 October 2018).
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125:in Venice. It was dedicated to the
42:Title page of the original libretto
24:
27:Italian opera by Francesco Cavalli
25:
1608:
1195:
1154:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1068:Hall, George (22 February 2021).
1030:. Dramma per musica. Venice 1655"
1549:
1526:
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145:, as translated into Italian by
1597:Cultural depictions of Xerxes I
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1002:"Xerse at Theater an der Wien"
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530:in Vienna on 18 October 2016.
13:
1:
1420:Statira principessa di Persia
1292:Gli amori d'Apollo e di Dafne
823:, October 1985, pp. 540, 543.
647:
570:
136:
1592:Operas set in ancient Persia
1218:at the Opéra Baroque website
1191:, London (20 February 2021).
753:1654 [1655] libretto
635:, recorded live, July 2022,
535:Festival della Valle d'Itria
7:
1572:Operas by Francesco Cavalli
1308:La virtĂą de' strali d'Amore
1284:Le nozze di Teti e di Peleo
1138:The New Penguin Opera Guide
953:LesArchivesduSpectacles.net
441:
129:nobleman Marchese Cornelio
123:Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo
10:
1613:
1157:, four volumes, edited by
897:"Xersé for Opera de Lille"
91:and was later set by both
29:
1523:
1515:Venetian polychoral style
1502:
1275:
1180:Silva, Marcio da (2021).
430:
422:captain of Xerse's guards
350:, old guardian of Amastre
1058:Silva (2021), pp. 13–14.
815:conducted by René Jacobs
643:(Blu-ray, Dynamic, 2023)
522:in October 2015 and the
220:
1587:Italian-language operas
843:, October 1985, p. 456.
663:was actually 1655 (see
633:Federico Maria Sardelli
543:Federico Maria Sardelli
159:Lo cierto por lo dudoso
157:'s 1625 Spanish comedy
1122:The Viking Opera Guide
637:Valle d'Itria Festival
541:in 2022, conducted by
103:George Frideric Handel
62:
58:
43:
1223:Cavalli: Ombra mai fĂą
1171:Online reprint (2002)
1161:. London: Macmillan.
1026:"Cavalli, Francesco:
335:and his field marshal
151:L'ingelosite speranze
41:
811:Review of Cavalli's
268:, disguised as a man
181:at the last minute.
147:Matteo Maria Boiardo
1510:Teatro San Cassiano
976:"De Venise Ă Paris"
974:SĂ©bastien Foucart.
832:Nicholas Anderson,
721:Silva (2021), p. 13
683:Silva (2021), p. 12
556:in the title role.
528:Theater an der Wien
518:, performed at the
512:Le Concert d’Astrée
378:servant of Arsamene
229:
215:more famous setting
187:Jean-Baptiste Lully
1468:Scipione affricano
1232:Philippe Jaroussky
1175:Grove Music Online
1128:. London: Viking.
955:. 18 November 2015
730:Silva (2021), p. 7
661:Gregorian calendar
331:Xerse's favourite
227:Roles, voice types
225:
93:Giovanni Bononcini
51:, usually written
44:
1537:
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1269:Francesco Cavalli
1006:broadwayworld.com
834:"René Jacobs and
712:Clinkscale (1992)
549:with the Italian
439:
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76:dramma per musica
73:(specifically, a
71:Francesco Cavalli
65:), is an Italian
16:(Redirected from
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655:
624:
600:(Ariodate),
596:(Adelanta),
594:Jill Feldman
590:Jeffrey Gall
577:
565:countertenor
558:
551:countertenor
532:
501:
481:harpsichords
474:
469:Eumene with
465:
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101:, 1694) and
96:
74:
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45:
35:
1582:1655 operas
1444:Hipermestra
1081:25 February
982:(in French)
929:(in French)
863:25 February
742:Brown 1993.
666:more veneto
614:René Jacobs
588:(Amastre),
582:René Jacobs
547:Leo Muscato
508:Bärenreiter
452:René Jacobs
203:recitatives
131:Bentivoglio
1566:Categories
1492:Eliogabalo
1364:La Calisto
1146:0140293124
1134:0670812927
1047:1392290287
841:Gramophone
820:Gramophone
648:References
608:(Elviro),
604:(Eumene),
602:Guy de Mey
598:John Elwes
571:Recordings
471:Guy de Mey
420:Capitano,
409:Scitalce,
398:Sesostre,
361:Periarco,
344:Aristone,
314:Prince of
312:Ariodate,
301:Adelanta,
279:Arsamene,
237:Voice type
137:Background
61:; French:
57:(English:
30:See also:
1436:Artemisia
1380:Veremonda
1300:La Didone
1205:(Cavalli)
1075:The Stage
627:(video),
584:(Xerse),
346:noble of
290:Romilda,
169:Louis XIV
143:Histories
127:Ferrarese
118:Histories
113:Herodotus
1531:Category
1428:Erismena
1412:Il Xerse
1396:L'Orione
1348:Orimonte
1332:Doriclea
1316:L'Egisto
1215:Il Xerse
1203:Il Xerse
1028:Il Xerse
1011:19 April
986:19 April
959:19 April
933:19 April
906:19 April
792:46404174
770:46404174
696:Il Xerse
625:Il Xerse
616:(4 CDs,
466:sinfonie
442:Editions
431:Chorus:
411:magician
400:magician
393:soprano
376:Elviro,
339:soprano
329:Eumene,
307:soprano
296:soprano
199:baritone
195:castrato
85:libretto
81:Xerxes I
79:) about
48:Il Xerse
1503:Related
1388:Rosinda
1372:Eritrea
1356:Oristeo
1340:Giasone
1324:Ormindo
1228:YouTube
1111:Sources
1102:YouTube
1070:"Xerse"
949:"Xerse"
884:YouTube
620:, 1985)
485:theorbo
461:Il Ciro
434:militia
387:Clito,
273:soprano
260:Amastre
197:, to a
1577:Operas
1542:Portal
1495:(1667)
1487:(1666)
1479:(1665)
1471:(1664)
1463:(1662)
1455:(1659)
1447:(1658)
1439:(1657)
1431:(1655)
1423:(1655)
1415:(1655)
1407:(1654)
1399:(1653)
1391:(1653)
1383:(1652)
1375:(1652)
1367:(1652)
1359:(1651)
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1343:(1649)
1335:(1645)
1327:(1644)
1319:(1643)
1311:(1642)
1303:(1641)
1295:(1640)
1287:(1639)
1276:Operas
1165:
1144:
1132:
1045:
790:
768:
623:2022:
576:1985:
514:under
404:tenor
365:Ottane
333:eunuch
316:Abydos
83:. The
63:Xerxès
59:Xerxes
32:Xerxes
1556:Opera
1452:Elena
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1184:Xerse
1118:Xerse
836:Xerse
813:Xerse
578:Xerse
506:with
448:Xerse
426:bass
415:bass
382:alto
371:alto
323:tenor
285:alto
266:Susia
244:Xerse
233:Role
221:Roles
183:Xerse
179:Xerse
108:Serse
98:Xerse
67:opera
54:Xerse
18:Xerse
1404:Ciro
1163:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1083:2021
1043:OCLC
1013:2024
988:2024
961:2024
935:2024
908:2024
865:2021
788:OCLC
766:OCLC
502:The
491:and
355:bass
348:Susa
253:alto
211:aria
1226:on
1100:on
882:on
537:in
456:LPs
115:'s
69:by
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