1683:
4390:
506:(1800–1876). He was a famous Don Giovanni in Mozart's eponymous opera as well as being a Bellini and Donizetti specialist. Commentators praised his voice for its beauty, flexibility and smooth tonal emission, which are the hallmarks of a bel canto singer. Tamburini's range, however, was probably closer to that of a bass-baritone than to that of a modern "Verdi baritone". His French equivalent was Henri-Bernard Dabadie, who was a mainstay of the
4378:
3730:
3240:
3242:
809:, wrote Valentine's aria "Even bravest heart" for him at his request for the London production in 1864 so that the leading baritone would have an aria. A couple of primitive cylinder recordings dating from about 1900 have been attributed by collectors to the dominant French baritone of the 1860s and 1870s,
1324:, a versatile singing actor capable of vivid comic and tragic performances during the years of his prime in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. He learned more than 100 roles in his lifetime and was mostly known for his roles in Verdi and Puccini operas, including appearances as Scarpia opposite soprano
2351:
roles fall into this category. However, it is important to note that, for all intents and purposes, a Verdi
Baritone is simply a Dramatic Baritone with greater ease in the upper tessitura (Verdi Baritone roles center approximately a minor third higher). Because the Verdi Baritone is sometimes seen as
1022:
Mozart continued to be sung throughout the 19th century although, generally speaking, his operas were not revered to the same extent that they are today by music critics and audiences. Back then, baritones rather than high basses normally sang Don
Giovanni – arguably Mozart's greatest male operatic
308:
of the previous century. It led to the baritone being viewed as a separate voice category from the bass. Traditionally, basses in operas had been cast as authority figures such as a king or high priest; but with the advent of the more fluid baritone voice, the roles allotted by composers to lower
3686:, the melody line is called the lead. Tenor is sung an interval of a third above the lead. Baritone is the fifth of the scale that has the lead as a tonic, and may be sung below the lead, or even above the lead (and the tenor), in which case it is called "high baritone". Conversely, the more "
494:
is often called the first true baritone role. However, Donizetti and Verdi in their vocal writing went on to emphasize the top fifth of the baritone voice, rather than its lower notes—thus generating a more brilliant sound. Further pathways opened up when the musically complex and physically
222:
Baritones took roughly the range as it is known today at the beginning of the 18th century, but they were still lumped in with their bass colleagues until well into the 19th century. Many operatic works of the 18th century have roles marked as bass that in reality are low baritone roles (or
768:(a singing actor of the first magnitude). Lassalle, Maurel and Renaud enjoyed superlative careers on either side of the Atlantic and left a valuable legacy of recordings. Five other significant Francophone baritones who recorded, too, during the early days of the gramophone/phonograph were
817:. It is doubtful, however, that Faure (who retired in 1886) made the cylinders. However, a contemporary of Faure's, Antonio Cotogni, (1831–1918)—probably the foremost Italian baritone of his generation—can be heard, briefly and dimly, at the age of 77, on a duet recording with the tenor
676:
was invented early enough to capture on disc the voices of the top
Italian Verdi and Donizetti baritones of the last two decades of the 19th century, whose operatic performances were characterized by considerable re-creative freedom and a high degree of technical finish. They included
2346:
respectively, hence the differentiation is based more heavily on timbre and tessitura. Accordingly, roles that fall into this category tend to have a slightly lower tessitura than typical Verdi baritone roles, only rising above an F at the moments of greatest intensity. Many of the
4167:
1390:
who sang
Italian, French and German composers. An outstanding group of virile-voiced American baritones appeared then in the 1920s. The younger members of this group were still active as recently as the late 1970s. Outstanding among its members were the Met-based Verdians
1589:
Prior to World War II, Germany's
Heinrich Schlusnus, Gerhard Hüsch and Herbert Janssen were celebrated for their beautifully sung lieder recitals as well as for their mellifluous operatic performances in Verdi, Mozart, and Wagner respectively. After the war's conclusion,
1598:
appeared on the scene to take their place. In addition to his interpretations of lieder and the works of Mozart, Prey sang in
Strauss operas and tackled lighter Wagner roles such as Wolfram or Beckmesser. Fischer-Dieskau sang parts in 'fringe' operas by the likes of
2074:
1574:, made a small but precious legacy of benchmark Handel recordings during the 1920s and 1930s. (Dawson, incidentally, acquired his outstanding Handelian technique from Sir Charles Santley.) Yet another Australian baritone of distinction between the wars was
3671:, the baritone part sings in a similar range to the lead (singing the melody) however usually singing lower than the lead. A barbershop baritone has a specific and specialized role in the formation of the four-part harmony that characterizes the style.
3678:
above the bass root) and to complete a chord. On the other hand, the baritone will occasionally find himself harmonizing above the melody, which calls for a tenor-like quality. Because the baritone fills the chord, the part is often not very melodic.
2075:
1221:
In addition to their heavyweight
Wagnerian cousins, there was a plethora of baritones with more lyrical voices active in Germany and Austria during the period between the outbreak of WW1 in 1914 and the end of WW2 in 1945. Among them were
1453:
was considered to be the most versatile baritone of his generation in regards to repertoire, which ranged from Mozart to Verdi and lighter Wagner roles, through French and
Russian opera, to modern English music. Another British baritone,
1042:
The dawn of the 20th century opened up more opportunities for baritones than ever before as a taste for strenuously exciting vocalism and lurid, "slice-of-life" operatic plots took hold in Italy and spread elsewhere. The most prominent
1126:. Verdi's works continued to remain popular, however, with audiences in Italy, the Spanish-speaking countries, the United States and the United Kingdom, and in Germany, where there was a major Verdi revival in Berlin between the wars.
1103:. Ruffo was the most commanding Italian baritone of his era or, arguably, any other era. He was at his prime from the early 1900s to the early 1920s and enjoyed success in Italy, England and America (in Chicago and later at the Met).
1194:. By the 1950s, however, he was being hailed as the top Wagnerian bass-baritone in the world. His Wotan was especially praised by critics for its musicianship. Other major Wagnerian baritones have included Hotter's predecessors
1713:
3241:
654:
Among the non-Italian born baritones that were active in the third quarter of the 19th century, Tamburini's mantle as an outstanding exponent of Mozart and
Donizetti's music was probably taken up most faithfully by a Belgian,
1824:
singing, and the designation 'baryton Martin' has been used (Faure, 1886) to separate his voice from the 'Verdi
Baritone', which carried the chest register further into the upper range. This voice type shares the
2321:
The dramatic baritone is a voice that is richer, fuller, and sometimes harsher than a lyric baritone and with a darker quality. Its common range is from the G half an octave below low C to the G above middle C
218:
music. At this early stage it was frequently used as the lowest of the voices (including the bass), but in 17th-century Italy the term was all-encompassing and used to describe the average male choral voice.
799:(1834–1922). Santley made his operatic debut in Italy in 1858 and became one of Covent Garden's leading singers. He was still giving critically acclaimed concerts in London in the 1890s. The composer of
1178:
Characteristic of the Wagnerian baritones of the 20th century was a general progression of individual singers from higher-lying baritone parts to lower-pitched ones. This was the case with Germany's
1607:
as well as appearing in standard works by Verdi and Wagner. He earned his principal renown, however, as a lieder singer. Talented German and Austrian lieder singers of a younger generation include
2407:
baritone is French for "noble baritone" and describes a part that requires a noble bearing, smooth vocalisation and forceful declamation, all in perfect balance. This category originated in the
309:
male voices expanded in the direction of trusted companions or even romantic leads—normally the province of tenors. More often than not, however, baritones found themselves portraying villains.
2352:
a subset of the Dramatic Baritone, some singers perform roles from both sets of repertoire. Similarly, the lower tessitura of these roles allows them frequently to be sung by bass-baritones.
2076:
4058:
1458:, established himself internationally as a memorable Wotan and Hans Sachs. However, he had a distinguished, brighter-voiced Wagnerian rival during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s in the person of
2762:
4155:
2100:
baritone is a metallic voice that can sing both lyric and dramatic phrases, a manly, noble baritonal color. Its common range is from the A below low C to the G above middle C (A
4366:, 1997. (Discusses Renaud and many of his baritone contemporaries as well as the stylistic change in operatic singing at the turn of the 20th century.) Retrieved 4 March 2008.
1525:
are two Russian baritones of the modern era who appear regularly in the West. Like Lisitsian, they sing Verdi and the works of their native composers, including Tchaikovsky's
1218:. Demuth, van Rooy, Weil and Whitehill were at their peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries while Schorr, Bockelmann and Nissen were stars of the 1920s and 1930s.
1175:, possessed contrasting voices. (Dufranne – sometimes classed as a bass-baritone – had a darker, more powerful instrument than did Périer, who was a true baryton-Martin.)
839:
There are 19th-century references in the musical literature to certain baritone subtypes. These include the light and tenorish baryton-Martin, named after French singer
741:
4209:
3839:
4137:
663:
succeeded Dabadie as the Paris opera's best known baritone. Like Dabadie, he also sang in Italy and created an important Donizetti role: in his case, Alphonse in
1486:
1383:. He made his premiere at Glyndebourne in 1990 and went on to build an international career as Falstaff and, more generally, in the operas of Mozart and Wagner.
3935:
Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle: Français, historique, géographique, mythologique, bibliographique, littéraire, artistique, scientifique, etc., etc
2195:). A Verdi baritone refers to a voice capable of singing consistently and with ease in the highest part of the baritone range. It will generally have a lot of
1422:
Also to be found singing Verdi roles at the Met, Covent Garden and the Vienna Opera during the late 1930s and the 1940s was the big-voiced Hungarian baritone,
599:
1931:
The lyric baritone is a sweeter, milder sounding baritone voice, lacking in harshness; lighter and perhaps mellower than the dramatic baritone with a higher
1294:
1144:
4038:
1320:. Stabile also appeared in London, Chicago and Salzburg. He was noted more for his histrionic skills than for his voice, however. Stabile was followed by
2334:
system except that some Verdi baritone roles are not included. The primo passaggio and secondo passaggio of both the Verdi and dramatic baritone are at B
1502:
191:) in operatic music, but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of baritone include the baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone,
1620:
1490:
1282:
1274:
792:, who sang in London and New York between 1891 and 1903, was the leading American male singer of this generation. He also recorded for the gramophone.
785:
4018:
1494:
1262:
1416:
4055:
2176:
The Verdi baritone is a more specialized voice category and a subset of the Dramatic Baritone. Its common range is from the G below low C to the B
1558:, Souzay's teacher, was an interpreter of Poulenc's songs in the previous generation. Older baritones identified with this style include France's
3907:
1298:
1774:
Within the baritone voice type category are seven generally recognized subcategories: baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone,
4111:
3690:" baritones have the more traditional timbre, but sing in a vocal range that is closer to the tenor vocal range. Some of these singers include
2644:
1628:
781:
291:. The basse-taille and the proper bass were commonly confused because their roles were sometimes sung by singers of either actual voice part.
2108:). Not quite as powerful as the Verdi baritone who is expected to have a powerful appearance on stage, perhaps muscular or physically large.
267:
In theatrical documents, cast lists, and journalistic dispatches that from the beginning of the 19th century till the mid 1820s, the terms
3794:
3756:
921:
became the preserve of lightweight baritone voices. They were given comic parts in the tradition of the previous century's comic bass by
3990:
3869:
1129:
Outside the field of Italian opera, an important addition to the Austro-German repertory occurred in 1905. This was the premiere of
4363:
3761:
3662:
4320:
4424:
1034:
The verismo baritone, Verdi baritone, and other subtypes are mentioned below, though not necessarily in 19th-century context.
4264:
4240:
110:
4382:
4132:
1182:. Hotter made his debut in 1929. As a young singer he appeared in Verdi and created the Commandant in Richard Strauss's
4742:
2738:
3293:). Bass-baritones are typically divided into two separate categories: lyric bass-baritone and dramatic bass-baritone.
4203:
4090:
3916:
3822:
3315:
2786:
1905:
1163:
3416:
868:
1879:
1023:
creation. Famous Dons of the late 19th and early 20th centuries included Scotti and Maurel, as well as Portugal's
3972:
3894:
168:), meaning "heavy sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below
4035:
1798:
range a heavier baritone is capable of, and has a lighter, almost tenor-like quality. Its common range is from C
499:
began to enter the mainstream repertory of the world's opera houses during the second half of the 19th century.
3851:
1459:
1415:. They sang French opera, too, as did the American-born but also Paris-based baritone of the 1920s, and 1930s
935:
to a big-voiced baritone for the sake of dramatic effect. Other 19th-century French composers like Meyerbeer,
1463:
1455:
570:
3674:
The baritone singer is often the one required to support or "fill" the bass sound (typically by singing the
4732:
4015:
1820:. Associated with the rise of the baritone in the 19th century, Martin was well known for his fondness for
1571:
1471:
1386:
Perhaps the first famous American baritone appeared in the 1900s. It was the American-born but Paris-based
3050:
227:
parts in modern parlance). Examples of this are to be found, for instance, in the operas and oratorios of
4417:
3902:
3403:
3074:
2970:
2660:
2588:
1712:
1531:
1364:
1485:
to sing at the Met. Chernov followed in the footsteps of such richly endowed East European baritones as
1477:
Among the late-20th-century baritones noted throughout the opera world for their Verdi performances was
1139:, with the pivotal part of John the Baptist assigned to a baritone. (The enormous-voiced Dutch baritone
843:(1768/69–1837), and the deeper, more powerful Heldenbariton (today's bass-baritone) of Wagnerian opera.
4737:
2834:
1575:
1096:
965:
795:
The oldest-born star baritone known for sure to have made solo gramophone discs was the Englishman Sir
3707:
2898:
2890:
2668:
1748:
1242:
1223:
231:. The greatest and most enduring parts for baritones in 18th-century operatic music were composed by
173:
20:
4103:
3226:
2159:
1578:, who was based in the United Kingdom. Important British-born baritones of the 1930s and 1940s were
999:. Russian composers included substantial baritone parts in their operas. Witness the title roles in
977:
1595:
1583:
1567:
1143:, a Wagner specialist, sang John when the opera reached the Met in 1907). Then, in 1925, Germany's
1000:
103:
3570:
3522:
3425:
3346:
3082:
2954:
2508:
2125:
1962:
1450:
1423:
874:
604:
357:
232:
4727:
4410:
3354:
2842:
2540:
1957:
1024:
769:
694:
516:
345:
237:
228:
4193:
3834:
3810:
1379:. Some considered his best role to have been Wozzeck. The next significant Welsh baritone was
940:
4306:
4290:
2874:
2724:
2708:
2548:
2361:
2027:
1083:
1005:
959:
931:
740:
Notable among their contemporaries were the cultured and technically adroit French baritones
685:) who, atypically, sang Wagner's Telramund and Amfortas not in Italian but in German, at the
321:
288:
3210:
890:
4722:
4681:
3862:
3621:
3448:
3377:
3307:
2802:
2620:
2484:
2460:
2423:
2284:
2230:
1918:
922:
888:, also at Bayreuth. Lyric German baritones sang lighter Wagnerian roles such as Wolfram in
586:
575:
511:
510:
between 1819 and 1836 and the creator of several major Rossinian baritone roles, including
452:
446:
327:
280:
3994:
3010:
523:
The most important of Tamburini's Italianate successors were all Verdians. They included:
8:
4302:
4286:
3866:
3382:
3058:
2978:
2684:
2524:
2330:). The dramatic baritone category corresponds roughly to the Heldenbariton in the German
2080:
2001:
1547:
1518:
1400:
1246:
1215:
1088:
911:
827:
822:
810:
749:
647:
351:
279:
were often used for men who would later be called baritones. These included the likes of
96:
4402:
1651:
615:, a much lauded singer in Milan, London and Saint Petersburg, the first Italian Posa in
4747:
4570:
4496:
4468:
4317:
4189:
3743:
3703:
3257:
3090:
2930:
2922:
1897:
1817:
1790:
The baryton-Martin baritone (sometimes referred to as light baritone) lacks the lower G
1743:). Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below
1639:
1368:
1356:
1234:
1203:
1115:
896:
840:
777:
716:
712:
690:
593:
502:
The major international baritone of the first half of the 19th century was the Italian
1563:
4661:
4602:
4236:
4199:
4086:
3912:
3847:
3818:
3395:
2826:
2754:
2676:
2468:
2133:
2032:
1993:
1725:
1643:
1616:
1506:
1434:
1352:
1340:
1329:
1228:
1211:
1190:
1068:
1010:
926:
902:
859:
851:
818:
686:
678:
503:
388:
334:
316:
284:
143:
84:
3455:
have at least one lead baritone character (frequently the comic principal). Notable
3341:
3251:
3026:
2906:
2794:
2770:
2596:
1970:
1063:
444:
The prolific operas of these composers, plus the works of Verdi's maturity, such as
243:
4575:
4516:
4453:
4437:
3952:
3668:
3466:
3170:
3154:
3034:
2716:
2652:
2435:
2308:
2238:
1744:
1682:
1671:
1624:
1600:
1522:
1478:
1392:
1387:
1376:
1317:
1278:
1207:
1167:
featured not one but two lead baritones at its 1902 premiere. These two baritones,
1119:
1053:
1048:
656:
559:
486:
468:
370:
169:
4394:
4256:
2516:
1758:) in choral music, and from the second A below middle C to the A above middle C (A
1543:
1250:
989:
925:
in many of their productions. This did not prevent the French master of operetta,
906:. They made large strides, too, in the performance of art song and oratorio, with
183:) in choral music, and from the second G below middle C to the G above middle C (G
4521:
4324:
4141:
4062:
4042:
4022:
3976:
3873:
3843:
3814:
3683:
3478:
3246:
3042:
2914:
2866:
2532:
2348:
2268:
2138:
2053:
2019:
1979:
1853:
1633:
1612:
1551:
1514:
1510:
1438:
1396:
1348:
1309:
1302:
1270:
1258:
1238:
1172:
1130:
1123:
1111:
1107:
796:
730:
660:
622:
612:
581:
541:
527:
418:
249:
212:
128:
3784:, although this spelling is essentially archaic and little-used since the 1920s.
1539:
1509:(a powerful singing actor), and, during a career lasting from 1935 to 1966, the
813:(1830–1914), the creator of Posa in Verdi's original French-language version of
682:
298:
style of vocalism which arose in Italy in the early 19th century supplanted the
4635:
4607:
4511:
4445:
3695:
3500:
3408:
3333:
3320:
3162:
3106:
2882:
2810:
2604:
2556:
2412:
2151:
1910:
1663:
1642:. Well-known non-Germanic baritones of recent times have included the Italians
1604:
1446:
1412:
1408:
1286:
1266:
1195:
1158:
1140:
1135:
1078:
1058:
953:
948:
936:
907:
806:
765:
708:
627:
496:
401:
154:
2006:
1168:
757:
490:, blazed many new and rewarding performance pathways for baritones. Figaro in
4716:
4597:
4528:
4506:
4433:
3956:
3898:
3675:
3328:
3265:
3202:
3066:
2986:
2946:
2938:
2164:
2058:
2045:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1698:
1659:
1655:
1555:
1442:
1430:
1360:
1344:
1290:
1254:
944:
801:
789:
745:
536:
393:
381:
224:
48:
1735:. The baritone vocal range is usually between the second G below middle C (G
1047:
baritones included such major singers in Europe and America as the polished
821:. (Cotogni and Marconi had sung together in the first London performance of
733:, among others. In 1893, he created the part of Ford in Verdi's last opera,
4701:
4625:
4565:
4548:
4078:
3890:
3735:
3699:
3691:
3508:
3492:
3363:
3194:
3098:
2818:
2636:
2628:
2572:
2429:
2214:
2120:
1988:
1591:
1579:
1482:
1467:
1404:
1325:
1199:
1028:
698:
633:
436:
339:
255:
69:
3923:. This work is the main reference for the history section of this article.
3146:
2994:
2014:
1546:
have been notable. Souzay's repertoire extended from the Baroque works of
1462:
of America. Other notable post-War Wagnerian baritones have been Canada's
995:
773:
4696:
4651:
4580:
4486:
4463:
3711:
3452:
3390:
2858:
2778:
2746:
2564:
2408:
2252:
2146:
2089:
1721:
1667:
1429:
The leading Verdi baritones of the 1970s and 1980s were probably Italy's
1380:
1184:
1179:
1100:
1015:
726:
665:
553:
514:. Dabadie sang in Italy, too, where he originated the role of Belcore in
507:
430:
363:
304:
139:
135:
4389:
1608:
1253:. Their abundant inter-war Italian counterparts included, among others,
4676:
4666:
4478:
3687:
3542:
3178:
3130:
2300:
1892:
1732:
1559:
1336:
1321:
1148:
863:
855:
673:
458:
375:
150:
29:
3969:
1308:
One of the best known Italian Verdi baritones of the 1920s and 1930s,
721:
715:
from Europe in 1899 and remained on the roster of singers until 1933.
4686:
4671:
4587:
4553:
4533:
4501:
3715:
3608:
3473:
3186:
3122:
3002:
2692:
2580:
2292:
1932:
1828:
1695:
1647:
951:
wrote attractive parts for baritones, too. These included Nelusko in
703:
547:
424:
295:
215:
53:
3270:
The bass-baritone range extends from the F below low C to the F or F
4630:
4543:
4458:
4348:(Francis Keeping and Roberta Prada, translators), Vox Mentor, 2005.
3550:
3456:
3434:
3114:
2763:
The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya
2492:
1821:
1372:
1313:
1099:, whose voice was exceeded in size only by that of the lion-voiced
918:
884:
879:
299:
1623:(which are also performing or have performed regularly in opera),
4491:
3302:
3218:
3018:
2476:
2276:
2196:
1582:, who sang Italian and English operatic roles, and the Mozartian
1153:
1044:
831:
in 1883, performing the roles of Barnaba and Enzo respectively.)
609:, whose singing at La Scala during the 1870s was praised by Verdi
406:
312:
The principal composers of bel canto opera are considered to be:
153:. It is the most common male voice. The term originates from the
132:
43:
4691:
4377:
3897:; Harris, Ellen T.; Waldman, Gerald (2001). "Baritone (i)". In
2850:
2700:
2612:
2417:
2388:
2379:
2260:
2222:
2040:
1866:
1092:
971:
910:
favouring several baritones for his vocal music, in particular
564:
480:
412:
19:
This article is about the male voice type. For other uses, see
744:(hailed as the most accomplished baritone of his generation),
4560:
3138:
2962:
2370:
1729:
1073:
983:
681:(known as the "King of Baritones"), Giuseppe Kaschmann (born
641:
and for whom Verdi considered writing the (unrealized) opera
147:
74:
4360:
Maurice Renaud: The Complete Gramophone Recordings 1901–1908
3937:. Bavarian State Library: Larousse & Boyer. p. 289.
3729:
760:(the first Posa in the revised, Italian-language version of
4656:
4537:
3833:
Knapp, Raymond; Morris, Mitchell; Wolf. Stacy (eds.) (2011)
3749:
2500:
2206:
1812:
659:, who later settled in Russia and taught voice. In France,
474:
4353:
Bravo – The World's Great Male Singers Discuss Their Roles
1701:(left) and on the piano keyboard in green with middle C (C
729:, reveling in comic opera roles by Rossini, Donizetti and
4432:
4066:
1301:(the Chilean-born younger brother of Renato Zanelli) and
3888:
1844:
respectively), and hence could be trained as a tenor.
1359:. Another of Gobbi's contemporaries was the Welshman
963:(a role also sung by basses), the Priest of Dagon in
3725:
748:(the creator of Verdi's Iago, Falstaff and Tonio in
4198:(Second ed.). St Martin's Press. p. 148.
4188:
4056:"Talk Like An Opera Geek: Breaking Down Baritones"
1810:). Generally seen only in French repertoire, this
1009:(which received its first production in 1879) and
4101:
1157:. In a separate development, the French composer
4714:
650:, who sang Verdi to acclaim in the United States
207:The first use of the term "baritone" emerged as
4195:The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge
3908:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3371:Dramatic bass-baritone roles in opera include:
1538:In the realm of French song, the bass-baritone
4344:, Heugel, published in English translation as
1769:
725:baritone in the period between about 1880 and
573:, who was the original Don Carlo di Vargas in
211:, late in the 15th century, usually in French
4418:
104:
4233:The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults
3656:
3630:Sir Ruthven Murgatroyd (as Robin Oakapple),
3296:Lyric bass-baritone roles in opera include:
1947:). It is typically assigned to comic roles.
1501:singer nicknamed the "Russian Battistini"),
957:(Meyerbeer's last opera), Mephistopheles in
3836:The Oxford Handbook of The American Musical
3795:voice classification in non-classical music
3757:Voice classification in non-classical music
1395:(a compelling, rich-voiced singing actor),
1312:, sang Iago and Rigoletto and Falstaff (at
163:
157:
4425:
4411:
4016:History of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden
3753:, the German system for classifying voices
1836:with the Dramatic Tenor and Heldentenor (C
788:of the Opéra-Comique. The Quaker baritone
111:
97:
4153:
3807:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia
4230:
4224:
3932:
3762:List of baritones in non-classical music
3663:List of baritones in non-classical music
3238:
2072:
1935:. Its common range is from the A below C
1681:
1586:. Both appeared often at Covent Garden.
530:, who created the title role in Verdi's
3442:
1289:(who switched to tenor roles in 1924),
929:, from assigning the villain's role in
4715:
4154:Seesholtz, John Clayton (1 May 2012).
3991:"Franz Peter Schubert: Master of Song"
2645:The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat
882:, while Reichmann created Amfortas in
619:and later a great vocal pedagogue, too
4406:
4104:"Understanding Voice Types: Baritone"
3884:
3882:
1778:, Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone,
195:, Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone,
4342:La voix et le chant: traité pratique
4257:"David Ruffin | Classic Motown"
1505:(known as the "Polish Battistini"),
4036:Bryn Terfel's Biographical Timeline
3846:, p. 322. Oxford University Press.
2447:). Similar to the Kavalierbariton.
1147:created the title baritone role in
637:, Germont in the second version of
13:
4334:
4267:from the original on 7 August 2020
4212:from the original on 12 April 2024
4170:from the original on 12 April 2024
4156:"The origin of the Verdi baritone"
4102:Rebecca Armstrong (14 July 2021).
3879:
2355:Dramatic baritone roles in opera:
2066:
1816:was named after the French singer
1550:to 20th-century composers such as
1449:. At the same time, Britain's Sir
701:(chosen to be the first Silvio in
16:Type of classical male vocal range
14:
4759:
4370:
4318:Stars mourn Four Tops star Stubbs
2199:. Verdi baritone roles in opera:
1785:
1782:baritone, and the bass-baritone.
1724:of the baritone lies between the
1106:The chief verismo composers were
1091:(noted for his richly attractive
872:and undertook Wotan in the first
562:, the originator of Don Carlo in
539:, who created the title roles in
235:. They include Count Almaviva in
199:baritone, and the bass-baritone.
4388:
4376:
4114:from the original on 26 May 2023
3988:
3728:
3234:
2396:
1363:, who famously sang Falstaff at
625:, creator of Verdi's Gusmano in
4311:
4295:
4279:
4249:
4182:
4147:
4126:
4095:
4072:
4048:
4028:
4009:
3982:
3949:The Grove Book of Opera Singers
3867:Practica musicae, liber tertius
2083:singing Giorgio Germont's aria
1950:Lyric baritone roles in opera:
1847:Baryton-Martin roles in opera:
1489:(a favorite of Tchaikovski's),
1305:, who retired as late as 1958.
1037:
596:, who was London's first Renato
262:
4083:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
3962:
3941:
3926:
3856:
3827:
3800:
3787:
3774:
3417:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
1747:to the F above middle C (i.e.
1708:
1677:
1481:, who emerged from the former
1470:and, more recently, America's
1161:'s post-Wagnerian masterpiece
846:Perhaps the most accomplished
590:and the first Simon Boccanegra
172:to the F above middle C (i.e.
1:
4393:The dictionary definition of
4358:Bruder, Harold, liner notes,
4301:Stephen Thomas Erlewine.
4285:Stephen Thomas Erlewine.
3767:
1739:) and the G above middle C (G
1335:Gobbi's competitors included
4340:Faure, Jean-Baptiste (1886)
4327:, BBC News, 28 October 2008.
4303:Michael McDonald – Biography
2411:, but it greatly influenced
7:
3911:(2nd ed.). Macmillan.
3721:
3624:(Lieutenant of the Tower),
2316:
1770:Subtypes and roles in opera
1662:and the versatile American
834:
584:, the creator of Renato in
10:
4764:
3959:, entry "Coletti, Filippo"
3660:
3263:
2739:The Merry Wives of Windsor
2085:Di provenza il mar il suol
1939:to the G above middle C (A
1880:L'enfant et les sortilèges
1802:to the B above middle C (C
1445:and the Romanian baritone
1097:Domenico Viglione Borghese
202:
18:
4743:Italian opera terminology
4644:
4618:
4477:
4444:
4140:23 September 2015 at the
4041:18 September 2006 at the
3933:Larousse, Pierre (1865).
3657:Baritone in popular music
3080:Prince Nikita Kurlyatev,
2899:Orpheus in the Underworld
2891:Orpheus in the Underworld
1367:and created the roles of
1243:Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender
719:was the standout Italian
158:
21:Baritone (disambiguation)
4434:Musical range or compass
4351:Matheopoulos, H. (1989)
4323:18 February 2009 at the
4231:McKinney, James (1994).
4025:. Retrieved 4 March 2008
3606:Sir Despard Murgatroyd,
3498:The Duke of Plaza-Toro,
3208:Wolfram von Eschenbach,
2944:Le Comte de Saint-Bris,
2752:Friedrich of Telramund,
2171:
1926:
1596:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
1051:(the first Sharpless in
4235:. Genovex Music Group.
3650:The Yeomen of the Guard
3644:The Pirates of Penzance
3626:The Yeomen of the Guard
3584:The Pirates of Penzance
3571:The Pirates of Penzance
3568:Major-General Stanley,
3528:John Wellington Wells,
3523:The Yeomen of the Guard
3426:Der Ring des Nibelungen
1705:) shown by a black dot.
1686:Baritone vocal range (G
1542:and the lighter-voiced
1424:Sandor (Alexander) Sved
1110:, Ruggero Leoncavallo,
875:Der Ring des Nibelungen
776:of the Paris Opera and
233:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
4355:, Victor Gollancz Ltd.
4045:, accessed 28 May 2006
3979:, accessed 28 May 2006
3970:Music Dictionary Vm-Vz
3355:The Marriage of Figaro
3261:
3227:Les pêcheurs de perles
2984:Lord Guglielmo Cecil,
2843:The Ballad of Baby Doe
2832:High Priest of Dagon,
2669:A View from the Bridge
2439:) and Wagner as well (
2160:Les pêcheurs de perles
2093:
1958:The Marriage of Figaro
1706:
1570:. Another Australian,
1355:, Cesare Bardelli and
1071:(the first Scarpia in
978:Les pêcheurs de perles
695:Antonio Magini-Coletti
551:as well as Germont in
238:The Marriage of Figaro
229:George Frideric Handel
164:
4346:The Voice and Singing
4287:Tom Jones – Biography
4085:, 2nd edition, 1992.
4034:Deutsche Grammophon,
3842:12 April 2024 at the
3744:Category of baritones
3556:The Lord Chancellor,
3464:Archibald Grosvenor,
3245:
2875:La fanciulla del West
2725:The Barber of Seville
2618:Don Carlo di Vargas,
2362:La fanciulla del West
2228:Don Carlo di Vargas,
2079:
2028:The Barber of Seville
1766:) in operatic music.
1685:
1493:(an Everardi pupil),
1487:Ippolit Pryanishnikov
1316:) under the baton of
1084:La fanciulla del West
1061:(the first Gerard in
960:La damnation de Faust
932:The Tales of Hoffmann
850:of Wagner's day were
322:The Barber of Seville
289:Henri-Bernard Dabadie
4385:at Wikimedia Commons
3975:14 June 2006 at the
3622:Richard Cholmondeley
3600:Reginald Bunthorne,
3449:Gilbert and Sullivan
3443:Gilbert and Sullivan
3316:Pelléas et Mélisande
3176:Sir Riccardo Forth,
2936:Le Comte de Nevers,
2856:Igor Svyatoslavich,
2787:Pelléas et Mélisande
2650:Duke of Nottingham,
2621:La forza del destino
2594:Count von Eberbach,
2485:Cavalleria rusticana
2453:roles in opera are:
2424:La forza del destino
2285:Un ballo in maschera
2231:La forza del destino
1906:Pelléas et Mélisande
1877:L'horloge comtoise,
1164:Pelléas et Mélisande
1081:(the first Rance in
923:Gilbert and Sullivan
600:Francesco Pandolfini
587:Un ballo in maschera
576:La forza del destino
495:demanding operas of
453:La forza del destino
447:Un ballo in maschera
4733:Musical terminology
4144:, aria-database.com
3614:Sir Joseph Porter,
3514:Giuseppe Palmieri,
3404:The Flying Dutchman
3075:The Queen of Spades
3064:Prince Vyazminsky,
3059:The Golden Cockerel
2971:The Maid of Orleans
2685:Lucia di Lammermoor
2661:The Maid of Orleans
2589:The Queen of Spades
2081:Riccardo Stracciari
1670:and the Englishman
1548:Jean-Baptiste Lully
1532:The Queen of Spades
1519:Dmitri Hvorostovsky
1401:John Charles Thomas
1295:Giovanni Inghilleri
1247:Karl Schmitt-Walter
1216:Hans-Hermann Nissen
1089:Riccardo Stracciari
1025:Francisco D'Andrade
941:Camille Saint-Saëns
917:Nineteenth-century
912:Johann Michael Vogl
823:Amilcare Ponchielli
811:Jean-Baptiste Faure
648:Giuseppe Del Puente
352:Lucia di Lammermoor
4682:Organ registration
4571:Tenore contraltino
4383:Baritone vocalists
4261:classic.motown.com
4190:The New York Times
4160:Journal of Singing
4069:, 14 December 2011
4061:7 May 2015 at the
4021:2007-12-12 at the
3997:on 8 February 2008
3968:Dolmetsch Online,
3872:2006-06-09 at the
3863:Franchino Gaffurio
3648:Wilfred Shadbolt.
3576:Major Murgatroyd,
3548:Lord Mountararat,
3484:Captain Corcoran,
3262:
3258:Le nozze di Figaro
3091:Il turco in Italia
2931:Tristan und Isolde
2923:The Bartered Bride
2835:Samson and Delilah
2824:Herr von Faninal,
2530:Baron Mirko Zeta,
2506:Ascanio Petrucci,
2306:Simon Boccanegra,
2094:
1818:Jean-Blaise Martin
1707:
1640:Christian Gerhaher
1357:Giangiacomo Guelfi
1235:Heinrich Schlusnus
1204:Clarence Whitehill
1198:, Anton van Rooy,
1116:Alberto Franchetti
966:Samson and Delilah
897:Tristan und Isolde
841:Jean-Blaise Martin
778:Gabriel Soulacroix
717:Antonio Pini-Corsi
691:Giuseppe Campanari
594:Enrico Delle Sedie
571:Francesco Graziani
4738:Opera terminology
4710:
4709:
4381:Media related to
4242:978-1-56593-940-0
3989:Moss, Charles K.
3895:Forbes, Elizabeth
3582:The Pirate King,
3276:above middle C (F
3243:
3072:Prince Yeletsky,
3051:Hänsel und Gretel
3011:Roméo et Juliette
2827:Der Rosenkavalier
2776:Giorgio Germont,
2677:The Immortal Hour
2578:Count Monterone,
2182:above middle C (G
2144:Giorgio Germont,
2077:
1919:L'heure espagnole
1834:secondo passaggio
1718:
1717:
1694:) notated on the
1666:, his compatriot
1644:Giorgio Zancanaro
1617:Wolfgang Holzmair
1507:Georges Baklanoff
1503:Waclaw Brzezinski
1435:Piero Cappuccilli
1353:Ettore Bastianini
1341:Giuseppe Valdengo
1212:Rudolf Bockelmann
1069:Eugenio Giraldoni
1011:Alexander Borodin
1001:Peter Tchaikovsky
927:Jacques Offenbach
869:Die Meistersinger
860:Theodor Reichmann
852:August Kindermann
819:Francesco Marconi
770:Léon Melchissédec
687:Bayreuth Festival
679:Mattia Battistini
504:Antonio Tamburini
389:Giacomo Meyerbeer
335:Gaetano Donizetti
317:Gioachino Rossini
285:Giovanni Inchindi
142:lies between the
121:
120:
4755:
4645:Related articles
4576:Tenore di grazia
4427:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4403:
4392:
4380:
4328:
4315:
4309:
4299:
4293:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4151:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4099:
4093:
4076:
4070:
4052:
4046:
4032:
4026:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3993:. Archived from
3986:
3980:
3966:
3960:
3953:Harold Rosenthal
3947:Laura Macy, ed.
3945:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3886:
3877:
3860:
3854:
3831:
3825:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3708:Michael McDonald
3669:barbershop music
3326:Méphistophélès,
3289:
3288:
3275:
3274:
3244:
3171:Simon Boccanegra
3155:Madama Butterfly
3035:Simon Boccanegra
2800:Guglielmo Tell,
2760:Fyodor Poyarok,
2744:Francisco Goya,
2653:Roberto Devereux
2541:L'elisir d'amore
2436:Simon Boccanegra
2427:; Count Luna in
2345:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2309:Simon Boccanegra
2191:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2114:roles in opera:
2078:
1955:Count Almaviva,
1709:
1672:Simon Keenlyside
1654:, the Canadians
1652:François le Roux
1650:, the Frenchman
1637:
1625:Thomas Quasthoff
1621:Johannes Sterkel
1601:Ferruccio Busoni
1566:and Australia's
1523:Sergei Leiferkus
1497:(an exceptional
1491:Joachim Tartakov
1479:Vladimir Chernov
1393:Lawrence Tibbett
1388:Charles W. Clark
1377:Benjamin Britten
1318:Arturo Toscanini
1283:Benvenuto Franci
1279:Apollo Granforte
1275:Luigi Montesanto
1232:
1208:Friedrich Schorr
1145:Leo Schützendorf
1120:Umberto Giordano
1054:Madama Butterfly
1049:Giuseppe De Luca
900:or Telramund in
786:Charles Gilibert
657:Camille Everardi
608:
560:Antonio Superchi
517:L'elisir d'amore
469:Simon Boccanegra
371:Vincenzo Bellini
346:L'elisir d'amore
253:and the lead in
167:
161:
160:
113:
106:
99:
26:
25:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4640:
4614:
4522:Soprano sfogato
4473:
4440:
4431:
4373:
4364:Marston Records
4337:
4335:Further reading
4332:
4331:
4325:Wayback Machine
4316:
4312:
4300:
4296:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4229:
4225:
4215:
4213:
4206:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4152:
4148:
4142:Wayback Machine
4134:The Tender Land
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4096:
4081:and Ewan West,
4077:
4073:
4063:Wayback Machine
4053:
4049:
4043:Wayback Machine
4033:
4029:
4023:Wayback Machine
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3987:
3983:
3977:Wayback Machine
3967:
3963:
3946:
3942:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3887:
3880:
3874:Wayback Machine
3861:
3857:
3844:Wayback Machine
3832:
3828:
3817:(2000) p. 142.
3815:Merriam-Webster
3805:
3801:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3734:
3727:
3724:
3684:bluegrass music
3665:
3659:
3654:
3616:H.M.S. Pinafore
3486:H.M.S. Pinafore
3479:H.M.S. Pinafore
3445:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3247:Renato Capecchi
3239:
3237:
3232:
3104:Richard Nixon,
3083:The Enchantress
3043:The Magic Flute
3032:Paolo Albiani,
2976:Lord Cockburn,
2706:Eugene Onegin,
2682:Enrico Ashton,
2666:Eddie Carbone,
2634:Dr. Malatesta,
2570:Count di Luna,
2546:Boris Godunov,
2533:The Merry Widow
2509:Lucrezia Borgia
2401:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2314:
2212:Conte di Luna,
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2112:Kavalierbariton
2107:
2103:
2098:Kavalierbariton
2073:
2071:
2068:Kavalierbariton
2064:
2054:The Tender Land
1980:The Magic Flute
1946:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1854:Dido and Aeneas
1843:
1839:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1776:Kavalierbariton
1772:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1738:
1714:
1704:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1631:
1613:Matthias Goerne
1576:Harold Williams
1564:Charles Panzéra
1552:Francis Poulenc
1515:Pavel Lisitsian
1495:Oskar Kamionsky
1439:Sherrill Milnes
1397:Richard Bonelli
1349:Giuseppe Taddei
1310:Mariano Stabile
1303:Carlo Tagliabue
1271:Cesare Formichi
1263:Enrico Molinari
1259:Giuseppe Danise
1239:Herbert Janssen
1226:
1188:and Olivier in
1173:Hector Dufranne
1131:Richard Strauss
1124:Francesco Cilea
1112:Pietro Mascagni
1108:Giacomo Puccini
1040:
969:, Escamillo in
862:. Betz created
837:
797:Charles Santley
661:Paul Barroilhet
631:, Francesco in
623:Filippo Coletti
613:Antonio Cotogni
602:
582:Leone Giraldoni
528:Giorgio Ronconi
358:Lucrezia Borgia
273:basse chantante
265:
250:The Magic Flute
241:, Guglielmo in
205:
193:Kavalierbariton
190:
186:
182:
177:
117:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4608:Basso profondo
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4578:
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4558:
4557:
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4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4446:Vocal register
4442:
4441:
4430:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4386:
4372:
4371:External links
4369:
4368:
4367:
4356:
4349:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4310:
4294:
4278:
4248:
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4204:
4181:
4166:(5): 521–526.
4146:
4125:
4094:
4071:
4054:Tom Huizenga,
4047:
4027:
4008:
3981:
3961:
3940:
3925:
3917:
3899:Sadie, Stanley
3889:Jander, Owen;
3878:
3855:
3826:
3799:
3786:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3723:
3720:
3696:Wilson Pickett
3661:Main article:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3566:
3564:The Gondoliers
3560:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3518:
3516:The Gondoliers
3512:
3504:
3501:The Gondoliers
3496:
3488:
3482:
3472:Bill Bobstay (
3470:
3461:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3369:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3342:Così fan tutte
3337:
3324:
3311:
3290:
3281:
3277:
3264:Main article:
3252:Non più andrai
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3107:Nixon in China
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3056:Prince Afron,
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3027:Der Freischütz
3022:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2907:Der Freischütz
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2840:Horace Tabor,
2838:
2830:
2822:
2816:Hans Heiling,
2814:
2806:
2798:
2795:Così fan tutte
2790:
2782:
2774:
2771:Andrea Chénier
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2626:Don Giovanni,
2624:
2616:
2608:
2605:La Cenerentola
2600:
2597:Der Wildschütz
2592:
2586:Count Tomsky,
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2557:Nixon in China
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2455:
2415:(Don Carlo in
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2155:
2142:
2129:
2118:Don Giovanni,
2105:
2101:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2049:
2036:
2023:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1975:
1971:Così fan tutte
1966:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1841:
1837:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:Baryton-Martin
1784:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1740:
1736:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1664:Thomas Hampson
1605:Paul Hindemith
1460:Thomas Stewart
1447:Nicolae Herlea
1417:Arthur Endreze
1413:Robert Merrill
1409:Leonard Warren
1287:Renato Zanelli
1267:Umberto Urbano
1224:Joseph Schwarz
1196:Leopold Demuth
1159:Claude Debussy
1141:Anton van Rooy
1079:Pasquale Amato
1064:Andrea Chénier
1059:Mario Sammarco
1039:
1036:
987:, Athanael in
949:Jules Massenet
937:Hector Berlioz
908:Franz Schubert
894:, Kurwenal in
848:Heldenbaritons
836:
833:
807:Charles Gounod
766:Maurice Renaud
711:, who came to
709:Antonio Scotti
689:in the 1890s;
652:
651:
645:
620:
610:
597:
591:
579:
568:
557:
534:
512:Guillaume Tell
497:Richard Wagner
466:, the revised
442:
441:
402:Giuseppe Verdi
398:
386:
368:
332:
264:
261:
247:, Papageno in
244:Così fan tutte
204:
201:
188:
184:
180:
175:
119:
118:
116:
115:
108:
101:
93:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
64:
63:
59:
58:
57:
56:
51:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4760:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Pitch (music)
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:Bass-baritone
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4529:Mezzo-soprano
4527:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
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4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
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4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
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4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4399:at Wiktionary
4398:
4397:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4211:
4207:
4205:9780312376598
4201:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4108:Opera For All
4105:
4098:
4092:
4091:0-19-869164-5
4088:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4031:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4012:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3965:
3958:
3957:Julian Budden
3954:
3950:
3944:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3918:0-333-60800-3
3914:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3903:Tyrrell, John
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:Steane, J. B.
3885:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3824:
3823:0-87779-017-5
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3664:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3597:
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3591:
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3579:
3575:
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3572:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:Don Alfonso,
3338:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3300:Don Pizarro,
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3267:
3266:Bass-baritone
3260:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3235:Bass-baritone
3229:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
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3172:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3067:The Oprichnik
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:Maria Stuarda
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2955:Manon Lescaut
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:Les Huguenots
2943:
2941:
2940:
2939:Les Huguenots
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:Ivan Mazepa,
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:Eugene Onegin
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:Chou En-lai,
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:Boris Godunov
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2451:Baryton-noble
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:baryton-noble
2399:
2398:Baryton-noble
2391:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2333:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2295:
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2273:
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2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2069:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1986:Dr Malatesta
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1899:
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1876:
1873:
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1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1783:
1781:
1780:baryton-noble
1777:
1767:
1753:
1746:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1660:James Westman
1657:
1656:Gerald Finley
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1584:Roy Henderson
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:John Brownlee
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:Pierre Bernac
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Gérard Souzay
1541:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:Eugene Onegin
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:George London
1461:
1457:
1456:Norman Bailey
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:Ingvar Wixell
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:Renato Bruson
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Geraint Evans
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:Paolo Silveri
1342:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1330:Covent Garden
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1299:Carlo Morelli
1296:
1292:
1291:Mario Basiola
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Carlo Galeffi
1252:
1251:Gerhard Hüsch
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:'s harrowing
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:and Sweden's
1026:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1006:Eugene Onegin
1002:
998:
997:
993:and Herod in
992:
991:
986:
985:
981:, Lescaut in
980:
979:
974:
973:
968:
967:
962:
961:
956:
955:
950:
946:
945:Georges Bizet
942:
938:
934:
933:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
904:
899:
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887:
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877:
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870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
832:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:
798:
793:
791:
790:David Bispham
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:Victor Maurel
743:
742:Jean Lassalle
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
672:Luckily, the
670:
668:
667:
662:
658:
649:
646:
644:
640:
636:
635:
630:
629:
624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
606:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
583:
580:
578:
577:
572:
569:
567:
566:
561:
558:
556:
555:
550:
549:
544:
543:
538:
537:Felice Varesi
535:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
493:
489:
488:
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477:
476:
471:
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461:
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455:
454:
449:
448:
439:
438:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
399:
396:
395:
394:Les Huguenots
390:
387:
384:
383:
378:
377:
372:
369:
366:
365:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
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342:
341:
336:
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330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
307:
306:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:Filippo Galli
278:
274:
270:
260:
258:
257:
252:
251:
246:
245:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
225:bass-baritone
220:
217:
214:
210:
200:
198:
197:baryton-noble
194:
178:
171:
166:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:is a type of
126:
114:
109:
107:
102:
100:
95:
94:
92:
91:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
60:
55:
52:
50:
49:Mezzo-soprano
47:
45:
42:
41:
40:
39:
35:
34:
31:
28:
27:
22:
4702:Vocal weight
4592:
4566:Haute-contre
4549:Countertenor
4395:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4341:
4313:
4297:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4260:
4251:
4232:
4226:
4214:. Retrieved
4194:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4163:
4159:
4149:
4133:
4128:
4116:. Retrieved
4107:
4097:
4082:
4079:John Warrack
4074:
4050:
4030:
4011:
3999:. Retrieved
3995:the original
3984:
3964:
3948:
3943:
3934:
3928:
3906:
3858:
3835:
3829:
3806:
3802:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3748:
3736:Opera portal
3700:Otis Redding
3692:David Ruffin
3681:
3673:
3666:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3615:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3536:Princess Ida
3535:
3530:The Sorcerer
3529:
3521:
3520:Jack Point,
3515:
3509:Princess Ida
3507:
3499:
3493:The Sorcerer
3491:
3485:
3477:
3465:
3453:Savoy operas
3446:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3414:Hans Sachs,
3402:
3389:
3383:Rachmaninoff
3376:
3370:
3364:Don Giovanni
3362:
3353:
3340:
3327:
3314:
3301:
3295:
3269:
3256:
3250:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3195:Le comte Ory
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3099:Le comte Ory
3097:
3089:
3088:Prosdocimo,
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2872:Jack Rance,
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2819:Hans Heiling
2817:
2809:
2803:William Tell
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2637:Don Pasquale
2635:
2629:Don Giovanni
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2573:Il trovatore
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2430:Il trovatore
2428:
2422:
2416:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2359:Jack Rance,
2354:
2331:
2320:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2215:Il trovatore
2213:
2205:
2175:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2121:Don Giovanni
2119:
2111:
2110:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2067:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1989:Don Pasquale
1987:
1978:
1969:
1956:
1949:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1846:
1833:
1826:
1811:
1789:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1719:
1629:Stephan Genz
1592:Hermann Prey
1588:
1580:Dennis Noble
1572:Peter Dawson
1540:José van Dam
1537:
1530:
1526:
1498:
1476:
1472:James Morris
1468:Hermann Uhde
1466:, Germany's
1451:Thomas Allen
1437:, America's
1428:
1421:
1405:Robert Weede
1385:
1375:in works by
1365:Glyndebourne
1334:
1328:as Tosca at
1326:Maria Callas
1307:
1220:
1200:Hermann Weil
1189:
1183:
1177:
1162:
1152:
1134:
1128:
1105:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1041:
1038:20th century
1033:
1029:John Forsell
1021:
1014:
1004:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
930:
916:
901:
895:
889:
883:
873:
867:
847:
845:
838:
826:
814:
800:
794:
782:Henry Albers
761:
753:
739:
734:
720:
702:
699:Mario Ancona
683:Josip Kašman
671:
664:
653:
642:
638:
634:I masnadieri
632:
626:
616:
585:
574:
563:
552:
546:
540:
531:
522:
515:
501:
491:
485:
479:
473:
467:
463:
457:
451:
445:
443:
437:Il trovatore
435:
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
392:
380:
374:
362:
356:
350:
344:
340:Don Pasquale
338:
328:William Tell
326:
320:
311:
303:
293:
277:basse-taille
276:
272:
268:
266:
263:19th century
256:Don Giovanni
254:
248:
242:
236:
221:
208:
206:
196:
192:
124:
122:
79:
70:Countertenor
4723:Voice types
4697:Vocal range
4652:Chest voice
4581:Heldentenor
4487:Boy soprano
3712:Levi Stubbs
3588:Pish-Tush,
3534:King Gama,
3459:roles are:
3391:Prince Igor
3361:Leporello,
3160:Sherasmin,
3152:Sharpless,
3144:Schaunard,
3120:Rigoletto,
2979:Fra Diavolo
2888:John Styx,
2880:Jochanaan,
2859:Prince Igor
2792:Guglielmo,
2779:La traviata
2747:Facing Goya
2698:Escamillo,
2610:Don Carlo,
2565:Les Troyens
2525:La Gioconda
2409:Paris Opera
2386:Escamillo,
2290:Rigoletto,
2253:La traviata
2220:Don Carlo,
2147:La traviata
2090:La traviata
2002:The Tempest
1968:Guglielmo,
1733:voice types
1722:vocal range
1678:Vocal range
1668:Nathan Gunn
1632: [
1441:, Sweden's
1381:Bryn Terfel
1227: [
1185:Friedenstag
1180:Hans Hotter
1169:Jean Périer
1101:Titta Ruffo
1016:Prince Igor
975:, Zurga in
954:L'Africaine
828:La Gioconda
758:Paul Lhérie
750:Leoncavallo
727:World War I
669:(in 1840).
666:La favorite
639:La traviata
603: [
554:La traviata
508:Paris Opera
492:Il barbiere
431:La traviata
364:La favorite
305:opera seria
302:-dominated
269:primo basso
151:voice-types
140:vocal range
4717:Categories
4677:Pedal tone
4667:Head voice
4497:Coloratura
4479:Voice type
4216:30 October
4118:28 January
3852:0199874727
3811:"Baritone"
3768:References
3636:Strephon,
3596:The Mikado
3594:Pooh-Bah,
3590:The Mikado
3543:The Mikado
3490:Dr. Daly,
3476:'s Mate),
3432:Amfortas,
3401:Dutchman,
3211:Tannhäuser
3200:Valentin,
3179:I puritani
3131:Don Carlos
3128:Rodrigue,
3112:Ruggiero,
3096:Raimbaud,
3040:Papageno,
3008:Mercutio,
2992:Marcello,
2928:Kurwenal,
2912:Kochubey,
2714:Falstaff,
2674:Eochaidh,
2514:Athanaël,
2498:Amonasro,
2490:Amfortas,
2466:Alberich,
2301:Don Carlos
2236:Falstaff,
2204:Amonasro,
2139:R. Strauss
2012:Marcello,
1999:Prospero,
1977:Papageno,
1898:Monteverdi
1864:Dancaїre,
1560:Dinh Gilly
1337:Gino Bechi
1322:Tito Gobbi
1149:Alban Berg
891:Tannhäuser
864:Hans Sachs
856:Franz Betz
815:Don Carlos
762:Don Carlos
674:gramophone
617:Don Carlos
459:Don Carlos
400:the young
376:I puritani
216:polyphonic
209:baritonans
30:Voice type
4748:Baritones
4687:Tessitura
4672:Passaggio
4662:Extension
4588:Baritenor
4554:Sopranist
4534:Contralto
4502:Soubrette
4469:Vocal fry
3716:Four Tops
3704:Tom Jones
3632:Ruddigore
3609:Ruddigore
3506:Florian,
3474:Boatswain
3308:Beethoven
3216:Wozzeck,
3187:Pagliacci
3147:La bohème
3136:Scarpia,
3123:Rigoletto
3024:Ottokar,
3016:Nabucco,
3003:Rigoletto
3000:Marullo,
2995:La bohème
2960:Lescaut,
2952:Lescaut,
2920:Krušina,
2896:Jupiter,
2755:Lohengrin
2693:Il pirata
2690:Ernesto,
2602:Dandini,
2581:Rigoletto
2562:Chorèbe,
2538:Belcore,
2522:Barnaba,
2469:Siegfried
2374:(Puccini)
2368:Scarpia,
2365:(Puccini)
2298:Rodrigo,
2293:Rigoletto
2274:Nabucco,
2266:Macbeth,
2250:Germont,
2134:Capriccio
2038:Morales,
2015:La bohème
1994:Donizetti
1933:tessitura
1903:Pelléas,
1829:passaggio
1648:Leo Nucci
1499:bel canto
1369:Mr. Flint
1191:Capriccio
996:Hérodiade
919:operettas
903:Lohengrin
878:cycle at
774:Jean Noté
754:Pagliacci
704:Pagliacci
548:Rigoletto
520:in 1832.
464:Don Carlo
425:Rigoletto
296:bel canto
165:barýtonos
159:βαρύτονος
129:classical
54:Contralto
4631:Sub-bass
4593:Baritone
4544:Castrato
4517:Dramatic
4459:Falsetto
4438:register
4396:Baritone
4321:Archived
4307:AllMusic
4291:AllMusic
4271:10 April
4265:Archived
4210:Archived
4192:(2007).
4168:Archived
4138:Archived
4112:Archived
4059:Archived
4039:Archived
4019:Archived
3973:Archived
3905:(eds.).
3870:Archived
3840:Archived
3793:Compare
3782:barytone
3722:See also
3642:Samuel,
3638:Iolanthe
3602:Patience
3578:Patience
3558:Iolanthe
3551:Iolanthe
3467:Patience
3457:operetta
3438:(Wagner)
3435:Parsifal
3429:(Wagner)
3420:(Wagner)
3367:(Mozart)
3358:(Mozart)
3352:Figaro,
3313:Golaud,
3287:♯
3273:♯
3249:singing
3115:La Juive
2968:Lionel,
2904:Kilian,
2808:Hamlet,
2784:Golaud,
2768:Gérard,
2732:Falstaff
2722:Figaro,
2717:Falstaff
2658:Dunois,
2642:Dr. P.,
2493:Parsifal
2474:Albert,
2445:Amfortas
2343:♭
2337:♭
2317:Dramatic
2282:Renato,
2246:Falstaff
2239:Falstaff
2189:♭
2179:♭
2025:Figaro,
1983:(Mozart)
1974:(Mozart)
1916:Ramiro,
1851:Aeneas,
1822:falsetto
1745:middle C
1728:and the
1609:Olaf Bär
1373:Mountjoy
1314:La Scala
1019:(1890).
885:Parsifal
880:Bayreuth
835:Subtypes
735:Falstaff
487:Falstaff
300:castrato
170:middle C
146:and the
125:baritone
80:Baritone
4492:Soprano
4454:Whistle
4001:13 July
3714:of the
3540:Ko-Ko,
3447:All of
3423:Wotan,
3396:Borodin
3375:Aleko,
3321:Debussy
3303:Fidelio
3224:Zurga,
3219:Wozzeck
3192:Tutor,
3184:Tonio,
3168:Simon,
3048:Peter,
3019:Nabucco
2915:Mazeppa
2867:Mazeppa
2482:Alfio,
2477:Werther
2458:Aleko,
2392:(Bizet)
2383:(Verdi)
2349:Puccini
2277:Nabucco
2269:Macbeth
2197:squillo
2157:Zurga,
2131:Count,
2059:Copland
2033:Rossini
2020:Puccini
1922:(Ravel)
1911:Debussy
1893:L'Orfeo
1890:Orfeo,
1859:Purcell
1511:Bolshoi
1154:Wozzeck
1045:verismo
764:), and
713:the Met
707:); and
542:Macbeth
532:Nabucco
419:Macbeth
407:Nabucco
203:History
133:singing
44:Soprano
4692:Timbre
4636:Treble
4512:Spinto
4239:
4202:
4174:26 May
4089:
3915:
3876:, 1496
3850:
3821:
3710:, and
3562:Luiz,
3409:Wagner
3388:Igor,
3347:Mozart
3334:Gounod
3163:Oberon
2883:Salome
2851:Otello
2848:Iago,
2811:Hamlet
2736:Ford,
2730:Ford,
2701:Carmen
2613:Ernani
2418:Ernani
2389:Carmen
2380:Otello
2377:Iago,
2261:Otello
2258:Iago,
2244:Ford,
2223:Ernani
2126:Mozart
2041:Carmen
1963:Mozart
1867:Carmen
1827:primo
1136:Salome
1095:) and
1093:timbre
972:Carmen
628:Alzira
565:Ernani
481:Otello
413:Ernani
397:); and
287:, and
275:, and
213:sacred
138:whose
36:Female
4619:Sound
4561:Tenor
4507:Lyric
4464:Modal
3676:fifth
3378:Aleko
3329:Faust
3255:from
3203:Faust
3139:Tosca
2963:Manon
2517:Thaïs
2461:Aleko
2441:Wotan
2413:Verdi
2371:Tosca
2340:and E
2172:Verdi
2165:Bizet
2152:Verdi
2087:from
2051:Top,
2046:Bizet
1927:Lyric
1885:Ravel
1872:Bizet
1840:and F
1730:tenor
1699:staff
1636:]
1231:]
1074:Tosca
990:Thaïs
984:Manon
802:Faust
722:buffo
607:]
382:Norma
155:Greek
148:tenor
136:voice
131:male
75:Tenor
4657:Clef
4626:Bass
4603:Bass
4538:Alto
4436:and
4273:2020
4237:ISBN
4218:2019
4200:ISBN
4176:2023
4120:2024
4087:ISBN
4003:2010
3913:ISBN
3848:ISBN
3819:ISBN
3750:Fach
3688:soul
3620:Sir
3284:or F
3280:to F
2501:Aida
2421:and
2403:The
2332:Fach
2326:to G
2207:Aida
2186:to B
2104:to G
2096:The
2007:Adès
1943:to G
1832:and
1813:Fach
1806:to B
1762:to A
1726:bass
1720:The
1696:bass
1658:and
1646:and
1638:and
1619:and
1603:and
1594:and
1562:and
1529:and
1521:and
1483:USSR
1433:and
1411:and
1371:and
1249:and
1214:and
1171:and
1122:and
947:and
858:and
784:and
772:and
731:Paer
643:Lear
545:and
484:and
475:Aida
294:The
187:to G
144:bass
85:Bass
62:Male
4305:at
4289:at
4067:NPR
3780:Or
3682:In
3667:In
3451:'s
1513:'s
1133:'s
1087:),
1077:),
1067:),
1057:),
1013:'s
1003:'s
866:in
825:'s
756:),
752:'s
4719::
4362:,
4263:.
4259:.
4208:.
4164:68
4162:.
4158:.
4110:.
4106:.
4065:,
3951:,
3901:;
3893:;
3881:^
3865:,
3813:.
3809:.
3718:.
3706:,
3702:,
3698:,
3694:,
2443:;
2433:;
2322:(G
1794:–B
1754:–F
1690:–G
1674:.
1634:de
1627:,
1615:,
1611:,
1554:.
1535:.
1517:.
1474:.
1426:.
1419:.
1407:,
1403:,
1399:,
1351:,
1347:,
1343:,
1339:,
1332:.
1297:,
1293:,
1285:,
1281:,
1277:,
1273:,
1269:,
1265:,
1261:,
1257:,
1245:,
1241:,
1237:,
1233:,
1229:de
1210:,
1206:,
1202:,
1118:,
1114:,
1031:.
943:,
939:,
914:.
854:,
805:,
780:,
737:.
697:;
693:;
605:ca
478:,
472:,
456:,
450:,
440:).
434:,
428:,
422:,
416:,
410:,
385:);
379:,
367:);
361:,
355:,
349:,
343:,
331:);
325:,
283:,
271:,
259:.
179:–F
123:A
4540:)
4536:(
4426:e
4419:t
4412:v
4275:.
4245:.
4220:.
4178:.
4122:.
4005:.
3955:/
3921:.
3797:.
3411:)
3407:(
3398:)
3394:(
3385:)
3381:(
3349:)
3345:(
3336:)
3332:(
3323:)
3319:(
3310:)
3306:(
3291:4
3282:4
3278:2
2328:4
2324:2
2193:4
2184:2
2167:)
2163:(
2154:)
2150:(
2141:)
2137:(
2128:)
2124:(
2106:4
2102:2
2061:)
2057:(
2048:)
2044:(
2035:)
2031:(
2022:)
2018:(
2009:)
2005:(
1996:)
1992:(
1965:)
1961:(
1945:4
1941:2
1937:3
1913:)
1909:(
1900:)
1896:(
1887:)
1883:(
1874:)
1870:(
1861:)
1857:(
1842:4
1838:4
1808:4
1804:3
1800:3
1796:2
1792:2
1764:4
1760:2
1756:4
1751:2
1749:F
1741:4
1737:2
1703:4
1692:4
1688:2
462:/
404:(
391:(
373:(
337:(
319:(
189:4
185:2
181:4
176:2
174:F
162:(
112:e
105:t
98:v
23:.
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