33:
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46:
223:
314:
268:
253:
238:
508:), which manifests itself as a white to grayish powdery deposit. Later in the season, mature ascocarps are charcoal-black, and have minute pimple-like bumps called perithecia on the surface. These are minute rounded spore bearing structures with tiny holes, or ostioles, for the release of sexual spores (
831:
Species
Plantarum, exhibentes plantas rites cognitus ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas
1136:
Liu Q, Wang H, Ng TB (2006). "First report of a xylose-specific lectin with potent hemagglutinating, antiproliferative and anti-mitogenic activities from a wild ascomycete mushroom".
761:
500: in) tall × 2–8 mm thick. The erect ascocarps are often twisted or bent, and typically sparsely branched, often in a shape resembling a stag's
1501:
1333:
1385:
1475:
1232:
1173:
512:). The perithecia are embedded in the flesh of the ascocarp, the stroma, which is tough, elastic, and white. Within the perithecia, the
222:
719:
539:
Although not poisonous, the small size and tough texture of this fungus deter consumption. It is considered inedible by some guides.
1488:
1307:
900:
203:
1027:
987:
1577:
32:
523:
Ascospores are kidney-shaped, black, and smooth, with dimensions of 10–14 × 4–6 μm. The asexual spores (
682:
1115:
Espada A, Rivera
Sagredo A, de la Fuente JM, Hueso Rodriguez JA, Elson SW. (1997). "New cytochalasins from the fungus
791:
437:
has been debated between different experts as valid and invalid for the past three years and has remained in tension.
433:
shape within the main species and decided that the differences were large enough to warrant a complex formation. This
801:
745:
1567:
1434:
1390:
979:
882:
769:
368:, characterized by erect, elongated black branches with whitened tips, typically grow in clusters on decaying
1552:
1372:
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1529:
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1400:
1299:
192:
45:
1562:
1364:
583:
derivative compounds named xylarone and 8,9-dehydroxylarone also have cytotoxic activity. Several
571:
properties have been identified in this fungus. The compounds xylarial A and B both have moderate
1582:
1572:
504:. Specimens found earlier in the season, in spring, may be covered completely in asexual spores (
1506:
1338:
1185:
403:
140:
920:
647:
is the only known bioluminescent fungus outside of Ordo
Agaricales; its light is said to be
1426:
1268:
707:
161:
8:
1557:
738:
Mushrooms: A Quick
Reference Guide to Mushrooms of North America (Macmillan Field Guides)
625:
1098:
553:
446:
426:
170:
40:
845:
1480:
1421:
1255:
1237:
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993:
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797:
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244:
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87:
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584:
973:
1413:
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1247:
1217:
1042:
Gu W, Ding H. (2008). "Two new tetralone derivatives from the culture of
345:
341:
297:
107:
1493:
1312:
861:
608:
509:
377:
97:
77:
913:
1519:
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1325:
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572:
373:
57:
1179:
901:"Rogers Mushrooms | Mushroom Pictures & Mushroom Reference"
1514:
1460:
1346:
1286:
1202:
567:
472:) are cylindrical or flattened with dimensions of 3–8 centimetres (
469:
369:
365:
258:
228:
1011:
528:
524:
505:
501:
117:
1273:
600:
580:
576:
337:
67:
575:
activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
1019:
818:
Flora svecica exhibens plantas per regnum
Sueciae crescentes
588:
513:
430:
517:
972:
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
456:
which look similar but are not closely enough related to
603:, with a unique sugar specificity, and which has potent
429:
and amateurs noticed large variation in appearance and
883:"Xylaria hypoxylon - Burke Herbarium Image Collection"
1062:
846:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3852/08-108
796:. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 533.
754:
731:
729:
848:– gives a more in depth description of the complex
975:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America
591:in muscle tissue, have been found in the fungus.
1544:
971:
783:
735:
726:
395:in 1745, and then later mentioned by him in his
789:
1129:
1056:
705:
953:(próchnilec gaêzisty) (Candlesnuff Fungus)"
877:
875:
856:
854:
841:
839:
31:
1135:
1084:
872:
851:
557:, which is thicker and not as branched.
1063:Schüffler A, Sterner O, Anke H (2007).
1010:
836:
740:. New York: Collier Books. p. 10.
1545:
941:
893:
527:) are ellipsoid in shape, smooth, and
425:complex. The complex was created when
1184:
1183:
565:A variety of chemical compounds with
560:
372:. The fungus can cause a root rot in
1530:04fd75d9-4615-4380-b8c8-f9b672bdf16e
1401:1dd7ace3-76d4-4ff9-ae16-eab49621494a
672:
638:
547:Many species of the genus resemble
13:
1004:
716:First Nature (Fascinated by Fungi)
542:
14:
1594:
1167:
793:Westcott's plant disease handbook
421:Genetic evidence has created the
722:from the original on 2024-05-27.
712:(L.) Grev. – Candlesnuff Fungus"
685:from the original on 2023-06-20.
312:
289:
282:
266:
251:
236:
221:
44:
1109:
1036:
965:
736:Sundberg W, Bessette A (1987).
1065:"Cytotoxic alpha-pyrones from
980:University of California Press
823:
810:
699:
665:
463:
344:. It is known by a variety of
1:
862:"Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev"
833:. Vol. II. Stockholm: Salvii.
790:Horst RK, Westcott C (2001).
693:
440:Though they are similar, the
1150:10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.07.010
820:. Vol. 2. Stockholm: Salvii.
706:O'Reilly, Pat (2024-09-11).
621:List of bioluminescent fungi
534:
261:attachment is not applicable
7:
1578:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
658:
614:
516:are 100 × 8
383:
229:Mycological characteristics
10:
1599:
1016:Mushrooms of North America
675:"Candlesnuff Luminescence"
1450:
1192:
607:effects in various tumor
587:, compounds that bind to
311:
280:
265:
250:
235:
219:
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1048:Chinese Chemical Letters
631:
1568:Fungi described in 1824
673:Cann, AJ (2017-12-19).
391:was first described by
1176:Description and photos
1138:Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1086:10.1515/znc-2007-3-403
414:meaning "below", and
199:Xylosphaera hypoxylon
1553:Bioluminescent fungi
982:. pp. 380–381.
829:Linnaeus C. (1753).
816:Linnaeus C. (1745).
599:-binding protein, a
406:is derived from the
397:Species Plantarum II
626:Medicinal mushrooms
1452:Clavaria hypoxylon
887:burkeherbarium.org
561:Chemical compounds
554:Xylaria polymorpha
447:Xylaria polymorpha
418:, meaning "wood".
362:stag's horn fungus
354:candlesnuff fungus
350:candlestick fungus
188:Sphaeria hypoxylon
180:Clavaria hypoxylon
1540:
1539:
1422:Open Tree of Life
1224:Xylaria hypoxylon
1194:Xylaria hypoxylon
1186:Taxon identifiers
1117:Xylaria hypoxylon
1073:Z. Naturforsch. C
1067:Xylaria hypoxylon
1044:Xylaria hypoxylon
1029:978-0-593-31998-7
989:978-0-520-95360-4
951:Xylaria hypoxylon
923:Xylaria hypoxylon
764:Xylaria hypoxylon
710:Xylaria hypoxylon
671:See photos here:
593:X. hypoxylon
549:X. hypoxylon
458:Xylaria hypoxylon
444:does not include
423:Xylaria hypoxylon
389:Xylaria hypoxylon
330:Xylaria hypoxylon
326:
325:
214:Species of fungus
212:
211:
206:
195:
184:
150:Xylaria hypoxylon
132:X. hypoxylon
25:Xylaria hypoxylon
16:Species of fungus
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1378:NBNSYS0000020467
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929:California Fungi
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849:
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777:
768:. Archived from
758:
752:
751:
733:
724:
723:
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687:
686:
669:
652:
651:faint, however.
642:
595:also contains a
499:
498:
494:
491:
485:
484:
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477:
453:Xylaria longipes
404:specific epithet
333:is a species of
316:
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35:
21:
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1563:Fungi of Europe
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1409:Observation.org
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1079:(3–4): 169–72.
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772:on May 13, 2008
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543:Similar species
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88:Sordariomycetes
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1583:Fungus species
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1573:Inedible fungi
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1168:External links
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1144:(12): 1914–9.
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1126:(18): 6485–92.
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1053:(11): 1323–26.
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1174:Fungi on Wood
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585:cytochalasins
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393:Carl Linnaeus
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319:Edibility is
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141:Binomial name
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978:. Berkeley:
974:
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956:. Retrieved
950:
943:
932:. Retrieved
928:
922:
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904:. Retrieved
895:
886:
866:www.gbif.org
865:
830:
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817:
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792:
785:
774:. Retrieved
770:the original
763:
756:
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709:
701:
678:
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648:
645:X. hypoxylon
644:
640:
597:carbohydrate
592:
566:
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552:
551:, including
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366:fruit bodies
361:
357:
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349:
346:common names
329:
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243:No distinct
198:
187:
179:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
1360:NatureServe
1321:iNaturalist
1218:Wikispecies
1121:Tetrahedron
464:Description
427:taxonomists
342:Xylariaceae
298:Spore print
108:Xylariaceae
1558:Xylariales
1547:Categories
958:2009-01-26
934:2009-01-26
906:2009-01-27
776:2009-01-26
694:References
679:NatureSpot
609:cell lines
605:anti-tumor
525:mitospores
510:ascospores
460:to apply.
378:gooseberry
98:Xylariales
78:Ascomycota
74:Division:
1467:Q21872388
1365:2.1062929
1046:AT-028."
998:797915861
649:extremely
573:cytotoxic
535:Edibility
470:ascocarps
360:, or the
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1515:MycoBank
1507:10391326
1481:60021976
1476:AusFungi
1461:Wikidata
1347:MycoBank
1339:10682667
1295:Fungorum
1245:BioLib:
1238:60021975
1233:AusFungi
1209:Q1272474
1203:Wikidata
1158:16952421
1103:34792432
1095:17542480
1014:(2023).
720:Archived
683:Archived
659:Subnotes
615:See also
568:in vitro
384:Taxonomy
380:plants.
374:hawthorn
370:hardwood
321:inedible
273:Lacks a
259:Hymenium
171:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1494:5255148
1313:5255147
1274:1017301
1012:Audubon
529:hyaline
506:conidia
502:antlers
495:⁄
481:⁄
442:complex
435:complex
204:Dumort.
119:Xylaria
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1527:NZOR:
1520:192262
1440:437874
1398:NZOR:
1352:228616
1300:228616
1287:XYLAHY
1156:
1101:
1093:
1026:
996:
986:
800:
744:
601:lectin
581:pyrone
579:. The
577:Hep G2
410:words
364:. The
352:, the
338:fungus
164:(1824)
1502:IRMNG
1435:WoRMS
1427:44255
1414:16157
1391:37992
1334:IRMNG
1326:55267
1261:5CH3N
1248:59766
1099:S2CID
1020:Knopf
632:Notes
589:actin
431:spore
416:xylon
408:Greek
306:white
302:black
275:stipe
202:(L.)
193:Pers.
191:(L.)
162:Grev.
68:Fungi
1489:GBIF
1386:NCBI
1308:GBIF
1282:EPPO
1154:PMID
1142:1760
1091:PMID
1024:ISBN
994:OCLC
984:ISBN
798:ISBN
742:ISBN
514:asci
450:and
412:hypo
402:The
376:and
1373:NBN
1269:EoL
1256:CoL
1146:doi
1119:."
1081:doi
304:to
300:is
245:cap
1549::
1517::
1504::
1491::
1478::
1463::
1437::
1424::
1411::
1388::
1375::
1362::
1349::
1336::
1323::
1310::
1297::
1284::
1271::
1258::
1235::
1220::
1205::
1152:.
1140:.
1124:53
1097:.
1089:.
1077:62
1075:.
1071:.
1051:19
1018:.
992:.
927:.
885:.
874:^
864:.
853:^
838:^
728:^
718:.
714:.
681:.
677:.
611:.
531:.
520:.
518:μm
399:.
356:,
183:L.
160:)
158:L.
1160:.
1148::
1105:.
1083::
1069:"
1032:.
1000:.
961:.
949:"
937:.
925:"
921:"
909:.
889:.
868:.
806:.
779:.
766:"
762:"
750:.
708:"
497:8
493:1
490:+
488:3
486:–
483:8
479:1
476:+
474:1
156:(
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