439:
the naming of his sons as governors of key provinces. Tighter control over affairs in Sana'a, the capital, was assured by expanding the scope of administrative functions and appointing other sons as supervisors of old and new political institutions . The regime sent Yemen's first students abroad : military cadets to Iraq in the 1930s and civilian students, the "Famous Forty," to
Lebanon in the late 1940s. An early attempt was made to introduce some direction to the nascent national economy by the establishment of a Yemen trading company. Even with these changes, Yahya's Yemen was a semi-feudal state in which even the most basic measures required his personal approval.
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451:. Throughout the early 1940s, Imam Yahya turned a blind eye to Jewish emigration, neither prohibiting it nor officially permitting it, but rather giving his unspoken consent to the departure of Jews from Sana'a and other central Yemeni settlements. During the Imam's reign, he reinforced an old edict prohibiting Jews from building their houses higher than Muslim houses. The Imam appointed
421:
Due to conflicting tribes in the border areas between Saudi Arabia and Yemen that escalated into a war ensued that was ended in 1934 with the signing of the Taif Treaty between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The treaty was the basis for the final territorial agreement between both countries concluded during
446:
had come out in full-force to welcome the Imam who returned to the city after the Turks had temporarily left it. However, by 1922, in response to outside pressure, Imam Yahya promulgated an edict that prohibited Yemeni Jewish emigration. Although the ban on emigration remained the official policy of
409:
His first order was to forbid entering the capital Sana'a with arms, and appointed sentries at the gates to start a reign of peace and justice unparalleled during the years of his rule. City after city accepted the rule and authority of Imam Yahya; the port of Mocha, and the city of Taiz were among
438:
From 1934 until his assassination in 1948, Yahya redirected his energies toward internal consolidation of his authority and the creation of a viable central government, answerable to him personally. To this end, control of the hinterland was strengthened by the establishment of a standing army and
362:
Jewish chronicles lavish praise upon him and depict him as the champion of justice and compassion. This is, however, not surprising. Imam Yahia managed to put an end to the state of anarchy, lawlessness and violence which had lacerated the country and inflicted immense suffering upon its
358:
Lt Col. Harold Jacob, C.S.I. describing him said; "Imam Yahya is a strong ruler. His sanctity as High Priest of the Zaidi sect and his descent from the
Prophet's family adds to the prestige which his benign rule has won. His methods are patriarchal and humane. His one hobby is the Yemen"
455:
as one of four representatives of the Jewish community, responsible for conveying matters of state to his community and collecting the annual Poll-tax, a position which he held until his death. After the Imam's assassination in 1948, the king's emigration policy continued under his son
303:
in 1918. His name and title in full was "His majesty Amir al-Mumenin al-Mutawakkil 'Ala Allah Rab ul-Alamin Imam Yahya bin al-Mansur Bi'llah
Muhammad Hamidaddin, Imam and Commander of the Faithful" (the prince of the believers, he who relies on God, the Lord of the Universe).
401:
News of the demise of the
Ottoman Empire reached Yemen on Thursday 14 November 1918. Imam Yahya went to Sana'a three days later on Sunday 17 November 1918 to meet with tribal leaders from Hashid, Arhab, Nihm, and Khowlan. He arrived at the residence of the judge and scholar
413:
He created a regular army in 1919 that enlisted soldiers from the surrounding tribes to Sana'a; from the tribes of Sanhan, Bani Harthi, and Bani
Hushaish. He signed many treaties which recognised Yemen as a sovereign state, the first of which was the
487:
and accepted him as the new Imam of Yemen. The armies surrounded Sanaa under the leadership of Seif Ul Islam
Alhassan and Seif Ul Islam Alabbass, both sons of the late Imam, supported by their brother Seif Ul Islam Yahya from within the city walls.
323:
who made claims in the area did not recognize the rule of the Imams of Yemen since their entry into the region. He spent the early years of his reign attempting to expel the
Ottoman presence, who withdrew only after their defeat in
468:
During a short excursion outside of the periphery of Sana'a on 17 February 1948, the Imam's limousine was ambushed by an assassin, during which the Imam Yahya and his grandson were shot and killed, in what became known as the
643:
Parfitt, Tudor (2000) 'The Jewish Image of the Imam: Paradox or
Paradigm?' In: Parfitt, Tudor, (ed.), Israel and Ishmael: Studies in Muslim-Jewish relations. London: Curzon-SOAS Near and Middle East Publications, pp.
355:, who visited King Yahya in Sana'a in an earnest attempt to win him over in 1925 and during his short stay in the capital, was impressed by this ruler's administration, his military preparedness, and organization.
315:
who ruled most of Yemen proper and the southern region of present-day Saudi Arabia for over 900 years. When Yahya became Imam, he effectively ruled over the mountainous areas of what will be
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the first most important cities. He took steps to create a modern state, and maintained all
Ottoman officials who would stay to support the development of government.
403:
255:
970:
666:
Burrowes, Robert D. (Winter 2005). "The Famous Forty and Their
Companions: North Yemen's First-Generation Modernists and Educational Emigrants".
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Ghayat al-amani and the life and times of al-Hadi Yahya b. al-Husayn: an introduction, newly edited text and translation with detailed annotation
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and received dignitaries, scholars, Turkish princes, judges, and a flood of subjects who proclaimed him the supreme ruler of all of Yemen.
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Both King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia, and himself supported Imam Ahmad, and were first to declare him as the new Head of State.
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The news shocked both the Arab League, and all Muslim governments. King Abdullah of Jordan compared his death to that of the third
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A staunch isolationist, Imam Yahya never traveled outside of Yemen, and is said to have never left the Sanaa highlands or seen the
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Imam Yahya was largely admired by the Jews of Yemen, who saw him as their patron and protector. Earlier, in 1906, the Jews of
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A photo of Imam Yahya praying, taken by Zeki Kiram presumably without Yahya's knowledge, during Kiram's stay at the palace.
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367:. During his long reign the Jews enjoyed relatively favorable conditions and were generally in favour of the Imam.
956:
736:
Bat-Zion Eraqi Korman, "Yemeni Jews En Route to Palestine by Way of Aden during the Mandate Period 1920โ1948", in:
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Bat-Zion Eraqi Korman, "Yemeni Jews En Route to Palestine by Way of Aden during the Mandate Period 1920โ1948", in:
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Yemen was a founding member of the Arab League in 1945, and later joined the United Nations in 1947.
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Robert Burrowes, Historical Dictionary of Yemen (Lanham: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1995), xxvi.
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Upon the knowledge of the murder of Imam Yahya, Yemeni tribes rallied behind Sayf-ul-Islam
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with the Ottomans which recognised his rule over the Zaydi-controlled portions of Yemen.
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the state until 1949, Jews were able to bypass its policy by secretly going into the
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In 1946 British opposition to Imam Yahya was led from Aden-based political parties.
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Imam Yahya Hamid ad-Din Painted by Ameen Albert Rihani Source: kings of the Arabs
807:"Marib: A Yemeni Government Stronghold Increasingly Vulnerable to Houthi Advances"
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10 years in the life of Imam Yahya Mohammed Hamidaddin by Mohammed Essa Salehia
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Ascending the Palm Tree โ An Anthology of the Yemenite Jewish Heritage
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Ascending the Palm Tree โ An Anthology of the Yemenite Jewish Heritage
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45:, 1922. Imam Yahya refused to be photographed throughout his life.
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Legitimacy and political change in Yemen and Oman, J. E. Peterson
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Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din was born on Friday 18 June 1869 in
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279:, 18 June 1869 โ 17 February 1948) was the first king of the
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764:. Jerusalem: The Israel Oriental Society, affiliate of the
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596:(2nd ed.). Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. p. 436.
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from 1918 until his assassination in 1948. He became
572:, Naval Intelligence Division, London 2005, p. 287
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795:, vol. 1-2, pp. 19-20, Jerusalem 1986 (Hebrew)
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805:Ali Al-Sakani, Casey Coombs (2020-10-22).
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69:Akdilek Mahmud Pasha (as Ottoman Governor)
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551:(Masters). Durham University. p. 231
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527:, orientalist who explored Yemen
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394:In 1911 Imam Yahya signed the
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94:4 June 1904 โ 17 February 1948
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1009:Flag of the Kingdom of Yemen
875:Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din
592:Burrowes, Robert D. (2010).
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29:ุงูุงู
ุงู
ุงูู
ุชููู ุนูู ุงููู ูุญูู
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545:Eagle, A.B.D.R. (1990).
335:on his kingdom's coast.
175:(drowned in the Red Sea)
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404:Hussein bin Ali Al Amri
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ุญู
ุฏ ุญู
ูุฏ ุงูุฏูู
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127:18 June 1869
43:Ameen Rihani
1233:1948 deaths
1228:1869 births
1093:(1967โ1990)
1090:South Yemen
1038:(1962โ1990)
1000:(1918โ1962)
989:(1918โ1990)
987:North Yemen
844:izabacf.org
555:27 February
390:World War I
339:Impressions
326:World War I
317:North Yemen
99:Predecessor
66:Predecessor
1222:Categories
1067:al-Ghashmi
935:1918โ1948
910:1904โ1948
888:Tabatabaei
816:2023-02-13
746:1041776317
726:1041776317
617:2024-06-30
532:References
293:Shia Islam
269:Imam Yahya
205:(executed)
186:(executed)
123:1869-06-18
1206:rebellion
1183:al-Mashat
1176:al-Sammad
1169:al-Houthi
1127:Ali Nasir
1117:Ali Nasir
1072:al-Arashi
1062:al-Hamadi
1057:al-Eryani
1052:al-Sallal
418:in 1926.
379:Wadi Dhar
109:Successor
74:Successor
1189:al-Alimi
1035:Republic
774:48323774
760:(1957).
644:207โ225.
632:Galei-Or
514:See also
321:Ottomans
235:Religion
1144:(1990โ)
997:Kingdom
688:4330098
333:Red Sea
287:of the
219:Rassids
1202:Houthi
1122:Ismail
1112:Salmin
1107:Shaabi
840:"Home"
772:
744:
724:
686:
576:
496:Uthman
493:Caliph
444:Sana'a
299:, and
289:Zaydis
273:Arabic
251:Khatam
225:Father
154:Hizyaz
25:Arabic
1158:Saleh
1132:Attas
1077:Saleh
1020:Ahmad
1015:Yahya
694:JSTOR
684:JSTOR
458:Ahmad
383:Sanaa
381:near
309:Sanaa
245:Islam
239:Zaidi
214:House
165:Issue
158:Yemen
130:Sanaa
91:Reign
58:Reign
1163:Hadi
925:none
770:OCLC
742:OCLC
722:OCLC
574:ISBN
557:2021
365:Jews
351:Sir
285:Imam
267:(or
242:Shia
144:Died
117:Born
676:doi
663:see
271:) (
1224::
842:.
809:.
682:.
672:59
670:.
610:.
584:^
498:.
460:.
430:.
328:.
275::
156:,
136:,
132:,
27::
1199:ยง
972:e
965:t
958:v
846:.
819:.
776:.
690:.
678::
620:.
559:.
385:.
125:)
121:(
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