42:
337:, followed by nine years of internal exile. Bonner's 41-year-old maternal uncle, Matvei Bonner, was also executed during the purge, and his wife internally exiled. All four were exonerated (rehabilitated) following Stalin's death in 1953. In 1941 she volunteered for the Red Army's Hospital when the Soviet Union was invaded, and she became head nurse. While serving during
511:
From 2006, Bonner divided her time between Moscow and the United States, home to her two children, five grandchildren, one great-granddaughter, and one great-grandson. She died on 18 June 2011 of heart failure in Boston, Massachusetts, aged 88, according to her daughter, Tatiana
Yankelevich. She had
357:
In medical school she met her first husband, Ivan
Semyonov. They had a daughter, Tatiana, in 1950, and a son, Alexey, in 1956. Her children immigrated to the United States in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Bonner and Semyonov separated in 1965, and eventually divorced.
444:
In
December 1986, Gorbachev allowed Sakharov and Bonner to return to Moscow. Following Sakharov's death on 14 December 1989, she established the Andrei Sakharov Foundation, and the Sakharov Archives in Moscow. In 1993, she donated Sakharov papers in the West to
670:
Bonner suggested that, in addition to
Sakharov's assessment of the Soviet Union and the state of the dissident movement, they provide the new president with a list of political prisoners. By memory, she then wrote out the names of the 16 most difficult
382:
Beginning as early as the 1940s, Bonner had helped political prisoners and their families. Although Bonner had joined the Soviet
Communist Party in 1964 while she was working as a physician, only a few years later she was becoming active in the Soviet
1795:
373:
physicist and human rights activist; they married in 1972. The year before they met, 1969, Sakharov had been widowed from his wife, Klavdia
Alekseyevna Vikhireva, with whom he had two daughters and a son.
341:, Bonner was wounded twice, and in 1946 was honorably discharged as a disabled veteran. In 1947 Bonner was accepted as student in the medical institute in Leningrad. After the war she earned a degree in
3360:
406:. Under pressure from Sakharov, the Soviet regime permitted Yelena Bonner to travel to the West in 1975, 1977 and 1979 for treatment of her wartime eye injury. When Sakharov, awarded the 1975
472:
In 1994, outraged by what she called "genocide of the
Chechen people", Bonner resigned from Yeltsin's Human Rights Commission and was an outspoken opponent to Russian armed involvement in
441:
to get Soviet officials to allow their daughter-in-law, Yelizaveta
Konstantinovna ("Lisa") Alexeyeva, an exit visa to join her husband, Bonner's son Alexei Semyonov, in the United States.
425:, a city closed to foreigners, the harassed and publicly denounced Bonner became his lifeline, traveling between Gorky and Moscow to bring out his writings. Her arrest in April 1984 for "
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429:" and sentence to five years of exile in Gorky disrupted their lives again. Sakharov's several long and painful hunger strikes forced the new Soviet leader,
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290:, a Jewish communist activist from Siberia, and Levon Kacharyan, an Armenian. Her father died a year after her birth, and her mother remarried to
3164:
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1134:"A Personal Take on Soviet History: MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS, by Elena Bonner, translated by Antonina W. Bouis, Alfred A. Knopf, $ 23; 349 pages"
3189:
122:
528:(Knopf 1992), and wrote frequently on Russia and human rights. She was a recipient of many international human rights awards, including the
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387:. Her resolve towards dissidence was strengthened in August 1968 after Soviet bloc tanks rolled into Czechoslovakia in order to crush the
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877:
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1107:
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In
October 1970, while attending the trial of human rights activists Revol't (Ivanovich) Pimenov and Boris Vail in
334:
562:", a four-part television documentary on the history of the Soviet dissident movement. Bonner was on the Board of
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executive. She had a younger brother, Igor, who became a career naval officer. Her family had a summer
265:. During her decades as a dissident, Bonner was noted for her characteristic blunt honesty and courage.
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829:
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721:
Description of Bonner found in
Antonina W. Bouis, 'Translator's Introduction' in Bonner's memoir
299:
766:
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movement. That event strengthened her belief that the system could not be reformed from within.
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1109:
ALONE TOGETHER Story of Elena Bonner and Andrei Sakharov's Internal Exile in the Soviet Union
466:
418:
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145:
437:. Prior to that, in 1981, Bonner and Sakharov went on a dangerous but ultimately successful
3280:
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8:
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and critical of the Kremlin for allegedly returning to KGB-style authoritarianism under
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1938:
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1635:"Elena Georgievna Bonner: Soviet paediatrician, dissident, and human rights activist"
1619:
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1838:
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654:"Remembering Yelena Bonner – Natan Sharansky Reminisces About His Ally and Friend"
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1883:
1833:
1709:
575:
477:
1796:
Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
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Bonner was among the 34 first signatories of the online anti-Putin manifesto "
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2513:
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889:
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and worldwide. She joined the defenders of the Russian parliament during the
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2258:
2193:
1998:
1978:
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1923:
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791:
529:
322:
307:
287:
205:
2804:
1350:
In Einsamkeit vereint. Meine Jahre mit Andrej Sacharow in der Verbannung
540:, the World Women's Alliance, the Adelaida Ristori Foundation, the U.S.
3199:
3002:
2908:
2703:
2683:
2438:
2403:
2018:
1963:
544:, the Lithuanian Commemorative Medal of 13 January, the Czech Republic
342:
41:
1653:
1634:
1478:
657:
2718:
2183:
960:"Bonner a Human Rights 'Heroine,' but Soviets See a Modern Mata Hari"
330:
1718:
1578:
Biographical dictionary of dissidents in the Soviet Union: 1956–1975
685:"Elena Georgievna Bonner, A True Human Rights Activist for 40 Years"
617:
2558:
2108:
473:
1527:
Protecting freedom. Dialogues by André Glucksmann to Elena Bonner
656:. The Jewish Daily Forward (issue of 1 July 2011). Archived from
402:
and began working together to defend Jews sentenced to death for
3361:
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 3rd Class
1033:"Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features » One Woman Army"
1373:
Mütter und Töchter – Erinnerungen an meine Jugend 1923 bis 1945
395:
362:
318:
88:
1520:
326:
303:
1765:
Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR
1523:На захисті свободи. Діалоги Андре Ґлюксмана з Оленою Боннер
1483:. Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World.
411:
314:
3371:
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
1572:
De Boer, S. P.; Driessen, Evert; Verhaar, Hendrik (1982).
136:
nurse during World War II, physician, human right activist
1639:
1185:"Elena Bonner-Sakharov receives the Robert Schuman Medal"
503:", published 10 March 2010. Her signature was the first.
1379:] (in German) (2 ed.). München, Zürich: Piper.
1356:] (in German) (2 ed.). München, Zürich: Piper.
618:
Stanley, Alessandra; Schwirtz, Michael (19 June 2011).
480:. She was also critical of the international "quartet"
1580:. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 62.
1377:
Mothers and daughters – memories of my youth 1923–1945
1354:
Alone together. My years with Andrei Sakharov in exile
404:
attempting an escape from the USSR in a hijacked plane
347:
First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Peterburg
345:
from the First Leningrad Medical Institute, presently
127:
First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Peterburg
1481:
Ethnic cleansing in progress: war in Nagorno Karabakh
1112:(First Paperback ed.). New York: Vintage Books.
421:
in 1976. When in January 1980 Sakharov was exiled to
16:
Human rights activist in the Soviet Union (1923–2011)
3316:
Resigned Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
1632:
620:"Yelena Bonner, Russian Rights Activist, Dies at 88"
1616:
Russia and the Russians – inside the closed society
1479:Cox, Caroline; Eibner, John; Bonnėr, Elena (1993).
1328:] (in Italian). Alessandria: Garzanti-Vallardi.
996:
994:
1235:http://motta.gidd.eu.org/#!medal-winners-2004/cqa4
3366:Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
1669:
1071:, Address by Bonner at the Freedom Forum in Oslo.
3252:
1553:"Growing up absurd: The case of Alexei Semyonov"
991:
984:Drell, Sidney D., and Sergei P. Kapitsa (eds.),
682:
946:The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin´s Russia
492:in Europe. In 1999, Yelena Bonner received the
278:Lusik Georgiyevna Alikhanova was born in Merv,
1618:. W.W. Norton Incorporated. pp. 161–198.
1594:
1415:The bell tolls… A year without Andrei Sakharov
1370:
1347:
651:
449:in the U.S.; in 2004 they were turned over to
2820:
1734:
1497:
1462:Free notes to the ancestry of Andrei Sakharov
1458:Вольные заметки к родословной Андрея Сахарова
1455:
1451:] (in Russian). Moscow: Прогресс, Литера.
1440:
1421:
1408:
1393:
1332:
1319:
1296:
1277:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
453:. Bonner remained outspoken on democracy and
313:In 1937, Bonner's father was arrested by the
123:Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
1613:
1464:] (in Russian). Moscow: Права человека.
1326:Alone together in exile with Andrei Sakharov
1255:"Why We Need A New Human Rights Organization
1247:
1004:The Gulag survivor: beyond the Soviet system
1000:
864:The Gulag Survivor: Beyond the Soviet System
144:Human rights activism, participation in the
72:, Turkestan ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
647:
645:
273:
2827:
2813:
1741:
1727:
1690:"Elena Bonner: heroic figure for Karabagh"
1529:] (in Ukrainian). Kiev: Дух і Літера.
1322:Soli insieme in esilio con Andrej Sacharov
827:
594:
433:to let her travel to the U.S. in 1985 for
40:
2834:
1761:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union
1652:
1521:Glucksmann, André; Bonner, Elena (2013).
253:; 15 February 1923 – 18 June 2011) was a
1674:[Elena Bonner. A shared exile].
1402:Postscript: A book about the Gorky exile
1397:Постскриптум. Книга о горьковской ссылке
866:. New Brunswick: Routledge. p. 212.
642:
555:in 2004 for protection of human rights.
538:International Humanist and Ethical Union
352:
231:Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
3296:Turkmenistan people of Armenian descent
1411:Звонит колокол… Год без Андрея Сахарова
1282:(3 ed.). New York: Vintage Books.
988:, pgs. 3, 92. New York: Springer, 1991.
506:
417:Bonner became a founding member of the
398:trial in 1970, Bonner and Sakharov met
3253:
1550:
1404:] (in Russian). Moscow: Интербрук.
1105:
1082:"Russian Dissident Yelena Bonner Dies"
713:
488:and expressed fears about the rise of
156:Dissident movement in the Soviet Union
2893:Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union
2808:
1770:Committee on Human Rights in the USSR
1748:
1722:
978:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
861:
569:
512:been hospitalized since 21 February.
823:
821:
819:
804:from the original on 4 November 2012
427:anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda
310:and Bonner had fond memories there.
3271:Burials at Vostryakovskoye Cemetery
828:Montgomery, Isobel (19 June 2011).
726:(2nd ed.). New York: Vintage.
532:in 1991, the European Parliament's
515:
221:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
13:
3396:20th-century Russian women writers
3301:Russian people of Armenian descent
1597:"Elena Bonner and Andrei Sakharov"
1544:
903:
878:"Ruth Bonner, Stalin Purge Victim"
294:, founding First Secretary of the
14:
3422:
2872:International Helsinki Federation
1703:
1551:Bayles, Fred (22 December 1981).
1305:] (in French). Paris: Seuil.
1043:from the original on 18 June 2012
943:
816:
759:
695:from the original on 4 April 2015
683:Schmemann, Serge (19 June 2011).
630:from the original on 25 June 2011
1595:Hermann, Anton (November 1987).
1568:- article on Yelena Bonner's son
1417:] (in Russian). Moscow: ПИК.
558:In 2005 Bonner participated in "
542:National Endowment for Democracy
1672:"Elena Bonner. Un exil partagé"
1228:
1203:
1177:
1152:
1126:
1099:
1074:
1055:
1025:
952:
937:
870:
652:Beckerman, Gal (22 June 2011).
546:Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
226:Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
188:Tatyana Yankelevich (born 1950)
3276:People from Mary, Turkmenistan
855:
784:
740:
707:
676:
494:Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom
236:Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom
110:Russian Federation (1991–2011)
1:
3351:Soviet human rights activists
3326:Jewish human rights activists
3311:Soviet people of World War II
1633:Lichterman, Boleslav (2011).
1506:] (in Italian). Spirali.
884:. Reuters. 27 December 1987.
587:
435:sextuple bypass heart surgery
3386:20th-century Russian writers
3356:Women human rights activists
1244:Giuseppe Motta Medal Website
1086:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
564:Advancing Human Rights (NGO)
268:
56:Lusik Georgiyevna Alikhanova
7:
3381:Russian non-fiction writers
3336:Russian political activists
486:Israel-Palestinian conflict
377:
191:Alexey Semyonov (born 1956)
10:
3427:
3376:Soviet non-fiction writers
2937:Current executive director
1670:Simone, Alexandre (1987).
1574:"Bonner, Elena Georgievna"
296:Communist Party of Armenia
261:and wife of the physicist
168:Ivan Semyonov (until 1965)
3127:
3051:
2952:
2936:
2901:
2882:Lithuanian Helsinki Group
2842:
1814:
1790:Lithuanian Helsinki Group
1756:
1062:"On Israel and The World"
924:The Independent Institute
771:The Independent Institute
551:She was also awarded the
520:Bonner was the author of
250:
247:Yelena Georgiyevna Bonner
198:
181:
161:
151:
140:
132:
118:
99:
77:
51:
39:
30:
23:
2888:Ukrainian Helsinki Group
1785:Ukrainian Helsinki Group
1371:Bonner, Jelena (1993) .
1348:Bonner, Jelena (1998) .
1343:] (in Hebrew). מסדה.
1271:
1240:22 February 2014 at the
1037:www.jewishideasdaily.com
830:"Yelena Bonner obituary"
574:Bonner was portrayed by
317:and executed as part of
274:Early life and education
107:Soviet Union (1923–1991)
31:
3331:Russian women activists
1989:Alexander Esenin-Volpin
1844:Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko
1278:Bonner, Elena (1988) .
747:Yelena Bonner biography
536:in 2001, the awards of
251:Елена Георгиевна Боннэр
2659:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
2424:Valeriya Novodvorskaya
1498:Bonner, Elena (2003).
1456:Bonner, Elena (1996).
1441:Bonner, Elena (1994).
1422:Bonner, Elena (1992).
1409:Bonner, Elena (1991).
1394:Боннэр, Елена (1990).
1333:Bonnėr, Elena (1987).
1320:Bonner, Elena (1986).
1297:Bonner, Elena (1986).
1106:Bonner, Elena (1987).
1009:Transaction Publishers
752:6 October 2009 at the
455:human rights in Russia
174:(1972–1989; his death)
3321:Moscow Helsinki Group
2836:Moscow Helsinki Group
2489:Alexander Piatigorsky
2464:Konstantin Paustovsky
2434:Alexander Ogorodnikov
2074:Natalya Gorbanevskaya
2039:Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev
1780:Moscow Helsinki Group
1775:Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund
1614:Klose, Kevin (1986).
1504:Mothers and daughters
1449:Mothers and daughters
1424:Mothers and daughters
1257:", 24 February 2011.
1001:Adler, Nanci (2004).
862:Adler, Nanci (2002).
723:Mothers and Daughters
526:Mothers and Daughters
467:constitutional crisis
419:Moscow Helsinki Group
385:human rights movement
353:Marriage and children
255:human rights activist
146:Moscow Helsinki Group
3411:Soviet women writers
3401:Jewish women writers
3306:Soviet pediatricians
3079:Kristopher Goetterud
2734:Andrei Tverdokhlebov
2509:Vladimir Pribylovsky
2324:Michail J. Makarenko
2164:Vitaliy Kalynychenko
1934:Viacheslav Chornovil
1261:7 March 2011 at the
1215:Journal of Democracy
1164:The Rafto Foundation
553:Giuseppe Motta Medal
534:Robert Schuman Medal
507:Last years and death
282:, Soviet Union (now
216:Giuseppe Motta Medal
211:Robert Schuman Medal
3160:Sofiya Kalistratova
3104:Galina Starovoitova
2679:Aleksandras Štromas
2674:Vladimir Strelnikov
2669:Galina Starovoytova
2619:Alexander Shatravka
2529:Irina Ratushinskaya
2499:Alexandr Podrabinek
2479:Yekaterina Peshkova
2354:Myroslav Marynovych
2339:Nadezhda Mandelstam
2229:Zoya Krakhmalnikova
2179:Ephraim Kholmyansky
2149:Sofiya Kalistratova
1695:The Armenian Weekly
1677:Politique étrangère
1067:24 May 2009 at the
986:Sakharov Remembered
447:Brandeis University
286:). She was born to
3391:Russian memoirists
3341:Russian dissidents
3150:Alexander Ginzburg
3135:Lyudmila Alexeyeva
2998:Karinna Moskalenko
2970:Vyacheslav Bakhmin
2960:Lyudmila Alexeyeva
2927:Lyudmila Alexeyeva
2876:Helsinki Committee
2856:Human Rights Watch
2789:Alexander Zinoviev
2779:Venedikt Yerofeyev
2759:Vladimir Voinovich
2739:Tatyana Velikanova
2519:Anatoly Pristavkin
2389:Yosef Mendelevitch
2269:Mikhail Leontovich
2084:Sergei Grigoryants
2054:Alexander Ginzburg
2044:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1954:Andrey Derevyankin
1889:Alexander Bolonkin
1829:Lyudmila Alexeyeva
1557:The Boston Phoenix
1140:. 11 February 1992
882:The New York Times
689:The New York Times
624:The New York Times
570:Depiction in media
560:They Chose Freedom
524:(Knopf 1987), and
482:two-state solution
451:Harvard University
284:Mary, Turkmenistan
3346:Soviet dissidents
3291:Turkmenistan Jews
3248:
3247:
3235:Leonard Ternovsky
3180:Anatoly Marchenko
3170:Alexander Korchak
3140:Mikhail Bernshtam
3109:Leonard Ternovsky
2990:Viktoria Malikova
2975:Valery Borshchyov
2802:
2801:
2764:Michael Voslenski
2709:Alexander Tarasov
2689:Nadiya Svitlychna
2579:Shmuel Schneurson
2504:Grigory Pomerants
2419:Alexander Nekrich
2359:Grigorii Maksimov
2349:Valeriy Marchenko
2344:Anatoly Marchenko
2249:Anatoly Kuznetsov
2139:Boris Kagarlitsky
2059:Yevgenia Ginzburg
2049:Vladimir Gershuni
1974:Mustafa Dzhemilev
1939:Lydia Chukovskaya
1929:Boris Chichibabin
1914:Vladimir Bukovsky
1904:Vladimir Bougrine
1750:Soviet dissidents
1654:10.1136/bmj.d6085
1625:978-0-393-30312-4
1587:978-90-247-2538-0
1536:978-966-378-313-0
1513:978-88-7770-633-1
1490:978-3-9520345-2-1
1471:978-5-7712-0017-0
1433:978-0-09-174911-8
1386:978-3-492-03440-1
1363:978-3-492-11522-3
1312:978-2-02-009394-1
1289:978-0-394-75538-0
1253:Robert Bernstein
1189:Multimedia Centre
1138:Los Angeles Times
1119:978-0-394-75538-0
1018:978-0-7658-0585-0
964:Los Angeles Times
733:978-0-679-74335-4
578:in the 1984 film
431:Mikhail Gorbachev
408:Nobel Peace Prize
292:Gevork Alikhanyan
288:Ruf "Ruth" Bonner
244:
243:
91:, Massachusetts,
3418:
3406:Women memoirists
3240:Yuri Yarym-Agaev
3210:Sergey Polikanov
3195:Viktor Nekipelov
3155:Pyotr Grigorenko
3089:Kronid Lyubarsky
3064:Ernest Ametistov
3043:Boris Zolotukhin
3013:Alexander Petrov
2994:Vladimir Mironov
2921:Kronid Lyubarsky
2847:Helsinki Accords
2829:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2784:Yevgeny Zamyatin
2769:Anatoly Yakobson
2729:Valentin Turchin
2639:Andrei Sinyavsky
2629:Yurii Shukhevych
2624:Vladimir Shelkov
2609:Avital Sharansky
2599:Igor Shafarevich
2524:Boris Pustyntsev
2409:Viktor Nekipelov
2319:Kronid Lyubarsky
2309:Levko Lukyanenko
2274:Alexander Lerner
2254:Eduard Kuznetsov
2239:Yuri Kublanovsky
2204:Anatoly Koryagin
2104:Paruyr Hayrikyan
2079:Pyotr Grigorenko
2064:Anatoly Gladilin
2034:Alexander Galich
1984:Abulfaz Elchibey
1959:David Devdariani
1874:Nikolai Berdyaev
1869:Arkadiy Belinkov
1839:Chabua Amirejibi
1743:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1699:
1685:
1666:
1656:
1629:
1610:
1591:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1540:
1517:
1494:
1475:
1452:
1437:
1418:
1405:
1390:
1367:
1344:
1329:
1316:
1293:
1265:
1251:
1245:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1211:"News and Notes"
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1078:
1072:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1029:
1023:
1022:
998:
989:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
956:
950:
949:
944:Figes, Orlando.
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
916:
901:
900:
898:
896:
874:
868:
867:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
825:
814:
813:
811:
809:
800:. 23 June 2011.
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
763:
757:
744:
738:
737:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
680:
674:
673:
667:
665:
649:
640:
639:
637:
635:
615:
516:Works and awards
252:
114:
94:
84:
66:15 February 1923
65:
63:
44:
34:
21:
20:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3230:Vladimir Slepak
3225:Natan Sharansky
3205:Tatiana Osipova
3123:
3084:Dina Kaminskaya
3059:Valery Abramkin
3052:Post-Soviet era
3047:
2985:Sergey Kovalyov
2980:Yuri Edelshtein
2965:Boris Altshuler
2948:
2932:
2897:
2838:
2833:
2803:
2798:
2754:Georgi Vladimov
2699:Vasyl Symonenko
2694:Ivan Svitlichny
2664:Pitirim Sorokin
2654:Sergei Soldatov
2644:Vladimir Slepak
2614:Natan Sharansky
2604:Varlam Shalamov
2574:Dmitri Savitski
2569:Andrei Sakharov
2539:Arseny Roginsky
2494:Leonid Plyushch
2484:Viktoras Petkus
2459:Boris Pasternak
2429:Vasile Odobescu
2414:Viktor Nekrasov
2379:Mykhailo Melnyk
2369:Zhores Medvedev
2289:Veniamin Levich
2264:Alexander Lavut
2209:Nahum Korzhavin
2169:Dina Kaminskaya
2089:Vasily Grossman
2024:Balys Gajauskas
2014:Moysey Fishbein
2009:Viktor Fainberg
1969:Yuri Druzhnikov
1919:Valery Chalidze
1864:Vasile Bătrânac
1824:Vasily Aksyonov
1819:Mikhail Agursky
1810:
1752:
1747:
1706:
1698:. 29 June 2011.
1688:
1626:
1588:
1561:
1559:
1547:
1545:Further reading
1537:
1514:
1491:
1472:
1434:
1387:
1364:
1313:
1299:Un exil partagé
1290:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1263:Wayback Machine
1252:
1248:
1242:Wayback Machine
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1160:"Yelena Bonner"
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1069:Wayback Machine
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1011:. p. 212.
999:
992:
983:
979:
969:
967:
966:. 27 April 1986
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938:
928:
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792:"Yelena Bonner"
790:
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764:
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754:Wayback Machine
745:
741:
734:
712:
708:
698:
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681:
677:
663:
661:
660:on 23 June 2011
650:
643:
633:
631:
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595:
590:
572:
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509:
469:in early 1993.
400:Natan Sharansky
380:
367:Andrei Sakharov
355:
276:
271:
263:Andrei Sakharov
240:
194:
177:
172:Andrei Sakharov
119:Alma mater
113:
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35:
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3222:
3220:Felix Serebrov
3217:
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3197:
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3106:
3101:
3099:Alexey Smirnov
3096:
3091:
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3076:
3071:
3069:Larisa Bogoraz
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3038:Sergey Sorokin
3035:
3033:Alexey Simonov
3030:
3025:
3023:Lev Ponomaryov
3020:
3018:Mara Polyakova
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
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2949:
2947:
2946:
2944:Nina Tagankina
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2915:Larisa Bogoraz
2912:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2852:Helsinki Watch
2849:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
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2771:
2766:
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2756:
2751:
2746:
2744:Tomas Venclova
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
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2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
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2649:Victor Sokolov
2646:
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2616:
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2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
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2549:Mykola Rudenko
2546:
2544:Maria Rozanova
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
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2474:Zianon Pazniak
2471:
2469:Gleb Pavlovsky
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Andrei Mironov
2396:
2394:Vazif Meylanov
2391:
2386:
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2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
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2321:
2316:
2314:Nikolay Lossky
2311:
2306:
2304:Pavel Litvinov
2301:
2296:
2294:Eduard Limonov
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Yaroslav Lesiv
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Sergei Kovalev
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:Nikolai Klyuev
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Iryna Kalynets
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Grigory Isayev
2131:
2129:Mykhailo Horyn
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Semyon Gluzman
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Yuri Galanskov
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
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1949:Vadim Delaunay
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1909:Joseph Brodsky
1906:
1901:
1899:Leonid Borodin
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Larisa Bogoraz
1881:
1876:
1871:
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1834:Andrei Amalrik
1831:
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1704:External links
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1500:Madri e figlie
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1426:. Hutchinson.
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1341:Alone together
1330:
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1303:A shared exile
1294:
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1280:Alone together
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767:"Elena Bonner"
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576:Glenda Jackson
571:
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522:Alone Together
517:
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478:Vladimir Putin
461:and supported
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3165:Ivan Kovalyov
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3145:Yelena Bonner
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3008:Sergey Pashin
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25:Yelena Bonner
22:
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3286:Russian Jews
3215:Vitaly Rubin
3144:
3119:Gleb Yakunin
3114:Lev Timofeev
3028:Henri Reznik
2953:Full members
2794:Yosyf Zisels
2774:Gleb Yakunin
2724:Lev Timofeev
2589:Victor Serge
2554:Yuly Rybakov
2534:Eliyahu Rips
2444:Raisa Orlova
2364:Roy Medvedev
2329:Vasyl Makukh
2174:Ivan Kandyba
2124:Bohdan Horyn
1893:
1859:Anna Barkova
1854:Mykola Bakay
1849:Gunārs Astra
1714:Find a Grave
1693:
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1609:(11): 78–79.
1606:
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963:
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881:
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834:The Guardian
833:
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795:
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774:. Retrieved
770:
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756:(In Russian)
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697:. Retrieved
678:
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662:. Retrieved
658:the original
632:. Retrieved
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490:antisemitism
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339:World War II
312:
277:
259:Soviet Union
246:
245:
83:(2011-06-18)
81:18 June 2011
33:Елена Боннэр
18:
3281:Soviet Jews
3266:2011 deaths
3261:1923 births
3190:Yuri Mnyukh
3185:Naum Meiman
3175:Malva Landa
2929:(1996–2018)
2923:(1994–1996)
2917:(1989–1994)
2911:(1976–1982)
2749:Georgi Vins
2584:Iryna Senyk
2454:Lagle Parek
2374:Naum Meiman
2259:Malva Landa
2194:Lev Kopelev
1999:Efim Etkind
1979:Ivan Dziuba
1944:Yuli Daniel
1924:Lev Chernyi
1801:Helsinki-86
1220:17 December
1195:17 December
1191:(in German)
1169:17 December
1144:17 December
1091:17 December
970:17 December
929:17 December
895:17 December
847:17 December
530:Rafto Prize
465:during the
459:August Coup
323:Great Purge
308:Sestroretsk
206:Rafto Prize
100:Citizenship
3255:Categories
3200:Yuri Orlov
3003:Yuri Orlov
2909:Yuri Orlov
2704:Les Tanyuk
2684:Vasyl Stus
2439:Yuri Orlov
2404:Ion Moraru
2019:Ilya Gabay
1964:Ivan Drach
699:2 February
634:2 February
588:References
343:pediatrics
335:Kazakhstan
249:(Russian:
62:1923-02-15
3128:1976–1982
2719:Enn Tarto
2299:Jüri Lina
2244:Jüri Kukk
2184:Yuliy Kim
890:0362-4331
842:0261-3077
808:30 August
776:11 August
331:Karaganda
300:Comintern
269:Biography
2559:Ain Saar
2109:Ivan Hel
1806:Memorial
1663:71082264
1602:Quadrant
1336:לבד ביחד
1259:Archived
1238:Archived
1065:Archived
1047:26 April
1041:Archived
802:Archived
750:Archived
717:(1992).
693:Archived
628:Archived
581:Sakharov
474:Chechnya
378:Activism
182:Children
152:Movement
1562:23 June
664:24 June
484:to the
394:At the
371:nuclear
162:Spouses
2902:Chairs
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671:cases.
396:Kaluga
363:Kaluga
319:Stalin
298:and a
199:Awards
89:Boston
1659:S2CID
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423:Gorky
329:near
327:Gulag
304:dacha
2866:OSCE
2862:CSCE
1620:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1564:2024
1531:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1222:2019
1197:2019
1171:2019
1146:2019
1114:ISBN
1093:2019
1049:2018
1013:ISBN
972:2019
931:2019
897:2019
886:ISSN
849:2019
838:ISSN
810:2012
778:2023
728:ISBN
701:2012
666:2011
636:2012
412:Oslo
369:, a
315:NKVD
78:Died
70:Merv
52:Born
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1645:343
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