303:
810:
31:
759:
632:
100:
221:
58:
565:
1535:
834:
Three" (referring to the male bird's "hot" temper), along with the yellow-naped and blue-fronted. Yellow-headed amazons are known for being "one person birds" – bonding to one human, to whom they become fiercely loyal. It is possible, albeit difficult, to mitigate this behavior by ensuring that the bird receives regular and equal attention from other members of the household.
833:
As in most amazons, nervous plucking of plumage is rare among this species. A generally recognized disadvantage of the yellow-headed amazon and its close relatives (such as the yellow-naped amazon) is hormonal aggressiveness, most notable among males in the breeding season. It is a member of the "Hot
817:
Though only captive-bred yellow-headed amazons may be owned, these are widely available (if somewhat expensive) and their personalities make them highly desirable pets; they have been kept as such for centuries because they are among the parrots that "talk" best. Their vocal abilities are generally
837:
Captive yellow-headed amazons are known for having a large appetite and an appreciation of a wide variety of foods. They are prone to obesity and nutritional deficiencies if the parrot's owner fails to provide adequate opportunities for play and exercise, and overindulges the parrot with treats and
778:
Appendix I, which regulates the international trade of the species including those bred in captivity through a permitting system. Populations range from
Central America, through Mexico, and even into the southmost region of Texas. There is an approved CITES Captive breeding program established for
556:
The yellow-headed amazon averages 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in) long. The shape is typical of amazons, with a robust build, rounded wings, and a square tail. The body is bright green, with yellow on the head, dark scallops on the neck, red at the bend of the wing, and yellow thighs. The flight
604:"Magna" (or "Magnum") is bred for more yellow and commands a premium price as a pet. Some "extreme" Magnas have as much yellow as Tres MarĂas birds, but are distinguished from them by heavier barring on the chest and a less bluish tint to the green plumage.
789:
efforts, which have nearly driven it to extinction in the wild. Their wild population has declined from 70,000 to 7,000 in the past two decades alone. An estimated 40-60% of poached yellow-headed amazons die before they are sold. The situation for
350:. This evaluation has, however, been confused by misunderstandings regarding the plumage variations in the populations in northern Honduras, where birds vary greatly in amount of yellow on the head, crown and nape, but have pale bills and a
278:. Measuring 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in) in length, it is a stocky short-tailed green parrot with a yellow head. It prefers to live in mangrove forests or forests near rivers or other bodies of water. It is sometimes considered a
779:
this species near
Canberra in Australia, located at Priam Psittaculture Centre. Providing a sustainable managed breeding program to assist elevating pressures on wild populations for use in avicultural, research and pets.
576:
subspecies. The eye ring is whitish in
Mexican birds and grayish in others. The most conspicuous geographical difference is the amount of yellow. In adults, the head and upper chest are yellow in the subspecies of the
547:
yellow-headed" is that this species is differentiated from the others in the yellow-headed amazon complex by possessing both the yellow nape and yellow crown of its two close relatives, hence a "double-yellow" head.
322:). This complex, which has been called "a taxonomic headache", is considered a single species by some authorities and split into three species by others. The split is mainly based on the amount of yellow in the
453:, which extends slightly into South America), a species of northern South America, and a species from the southern Amazon Basin. The Central American clade can potentially be split further, with
294:
and an excellent talker. Poaching for the international pet trade has driven the species to near-extinction in the wild; around half of all wild-caught birds are thought to die in the process.
691:. However, their numbers have been reduced drastically—by 90%, to 7,000, from the mid-1970s to 1994, and by 68% from 1994 to 2004—because of capture for the pet trade and habitat destruction.
561:
are blackish to bluish violet with a red patch on the outer secondaries. The base of the tail also has a red patch, which is usually hidden. The outer tail feathers have yellowish tips.
794:, which potentially can be treated as a separate species, is unclear, but its very small range gives cause for concern and some reports indicate it is under considerable threat.
1077:
Phylogeny and biogeography of yellow-headed and blue-fronted parrots (Amazona ochrocephala and
Amazona aestiva) with special reference to the South American taxa.
607:
Wild birds give low-pitched, sometimes human-sounding screams, but often fly silently (unlike many other parrots). The calls can be described as "a rolled
659:. It occurs singly or in pairs, in small groups, and occasionally in big flocks. The range formerly included both coastal slopes of Mexico from the
2039:
2104:
2232:
801:
in order to pass them off for sale as (more expensive) yellow-headed amazons. This cruel treatment is often fatal for the birds involved.
702:, where a recent population of over 50 individuals resides. Smaller introduced populations are to be found in coastal neighborhoods of
826:. Yellow-headed amazons in captivity appear to have an affinity for both singing and the learning of song – and a naturally powerful,
2197:
842:
recommends that yellow-headed amazons be kept in an enclosure with a minimum length of 3 metres at a temperature no lower than 10°C.
1134:
597:, which thus resembles the yellow-naped parrot). Immatures have less yellow than adults; they attain adult plumage in 2 to 4 years.
2003:
1567:
1444:
2052:
2242:
1122:
2057:
1344:
1219:
532:
and commonly is included in that subspecies, may represent an undescribed subspecies. It has sometimes been referred to as
1462:
1386:
1102:
966:
2217:
2227:
2109:
1539:
62:
1319:
1990:
1064:
A molecular phylogeny of
Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation.
797:
Unscrupulous bird traders may sometimes bleach or dye the feathers of more common parrot species, such as the
2091:
302:
1794:
1560:
2122:
1254:
687:
including most of Belize, and another comprising a small part of northeastern
Guatemala and northwestern
890:
727:
809:
1930:
1903:
1606:
1483:
524:
of Mexico. In contrast, the population in northwestern
Honduras and adjacent eastern Guatemala (near
446:
99:
2212:
2207:
2117:
1732:
2083:
1038:
Amazona auropalliata caribaea: A new subspecies of parrot from the Bay
Islands, northern Honduras.
1025:
Amazona oratrix hondurensis: A new subspecies of parrot from the Sula Valley of northern
Honduras.
2202:
1553:
711:
2018:
1207:
516:
of Mexico, but today most authorities consider it invalid, instead including this population in
2237:
2222:
2044:
1938:
1865:
1848:
1012:
Distribution, variation, and conservation of Yellow-headed
Parrots in northern Central America.
735:
537:
394:
may occur between the two. If confirmed, this could suggest that the two are better considered
2070:
660:
485:
1757:
1752:
1720:
1616:
731:
703:
684:
656:
283:
194:
1708:
1508:
1378:
1371:
998:
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, no. 34. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
466:
30:
1943:
1912:
1779:
1651:
1631:
1626:
798:
739:
707:
2148:
1402:
758:
578:
383:
8:
1737:
1715:
1683:
1646:
1621:
867:
823:
743:
351:
315:
47:
1917:
1951:
1838:
1825:
1784:
1764:
1742:
1673:
1641:
1448:
1296:
1273:
955:
839:
767:
438:
264:
228:
94:
39:
746:. In addition, introduced –and apparently breeding– populations have been reported in
2143:
1964:
1809:
1804:
1774:
1693:
1688:
1382:
1301:
1118:
1098:
962:
715:
1611:
1416:
996:
Geographic variation in Middle American parrots of the Amazona ochrocephala complex.
631:
415:
1698:
1656:
1291:
1281:
1051:
Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Amazona ochrocephala (Aves: Psittacidae) Complex.
885:
335:
1995:
1969:
1545:
2174:
2161:
2130:
1956:
1842:
1769:
1668:
1661:
1430:
1348:
640:
275:
2096:
1230:
1678:
1601:
623:," etc. Young birds make a "clucking" sound to indicate that they are hungry.
525:
513:
210:
2191:
2065:
1888:
1725:
1576:
1160:
876:
521:
458:
267:
171:
67:
1208:
Belizean pine forests. ed. M. McGinley. Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC
672:
429:
The members of this complex are known to hybridize in captivity, and recent
1747:
1636:
1305:
1274:"From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico"
912:
430:
1466:
2135:
2078:
2026:
1897:
819:
780:
747:
395:
367:
161:
1194:
A commercial site. Shows many photographs comparing "extreme Magna" to
1172:
A commercial site. Shows many photographs including captive-bred young.
1075:
Ribas, C. C., Tavares, E. S., Yoshihara, C., & Miyaki C. Y. (2007).
2169:
2008:
1286:
719:
505:
279:
1368:
220:
2031:
695:
652:
470:
391:
111:
1859:
983:
A distributional survey of the birds of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
306:
Tres MarĂas amazon at Cougar Mountain Zoological Park, United States
1982:
1882:
1182:
786:
785:
The popularity of yellow-headed amazons as a pet continues to fuel
723:
688:
648:
501:
347:
131:
1925:
1593:
699:
680:
676:
664:
564:
558:
323:
1534:
668:
644:
643:
and areas with scattered trees, as well as evergreen forest in
573:
493:
442:
271:
151:
121:
861:
859:
857:
855:
421:. Both are relatively small and have red on the shoulder like
2156:
1977:
1580:
1445:"Feathered Family Inc. - Parrot Rescue and Adoption, Erie CO"
952:
827:
775:
601:
390:, may have a relatively pale lower mandible, indicating that
84:
78:
572:
The bill is horn-colored (gray), darker in immatures of the
1373:
Birds Off the Perch: Therapy and Training for Your Pet Bird
957:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America
852:
771:
141:
593:); and the crown and nape in the Sula Valley of Honduras (
512:, has sometimes been recognized for the population on the
585:); just the head in the widespread subspecies of Mexico (
434:
291:
370:
in northern Honduras was described as a new subspecies,
437:
did not support the split into the three "traditional"
865:
386:, which is relatively close to the recently described
1066:
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30(2): 421-437
449:: a Mexican and Central American species (including
1575:
1369:Larry Lachman; Diane Grindol; Frank Kocher (2003).
326:, the color of the legs and bill, the proximity of
1463:"New Hope Animal Hospital - bird medical symptoms"
1370:
1206:C. Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2012.
954:
891:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686337A179331301.en
1115:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.
2189:
1501:
1272:FalcĂłn, Wilfredo; Tremblay, Raymond L. (2018).
1006:
1004:
1433:. Animal and Pet Adventures. 24 November 2022.
1271:
1089:
1087:
1085:
445:, which potentially could be split into three
1561:
1395:
1001:
822:and matched by similar species, such as the
398:. Alternatively, it has been suggested that
1312:
1255:"Stuttgart Amazon Parrots - City Parrots -"
1082:
655:. A notable ecoregion of occurrence is the
626:
1568:
1554:
1478:
1476:
1409:
406:, both typically considered subspecies of
219:
56:
29:
1295:
1285:
1062:Russello, M. A., & Amato, G. (2004).
1049:Eberhard, J., & E. Bermingham. 2004.
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
889:
1509:"YELLOW-HEADED AMAZON (Amazona oratrix)"
1127:
1043:
994:Monroe, B., JR., & T. Howell. 1966.
953:Steve N. G. Howell; Sophie Webb (1995).
808:
757:
630:
563:
301:
1473:
1229:. Defenders of Wildlife. Archived from
766:The yellow-headed amazon is considered
694:Introduced populations can be found in
2190:
1347:. Hogle Zoo. 2002–2006. Archived from
929:
781:https://cites.org/eng/common/reg/cb/AU
753:
1864:
1863:
1549:
1337:
1484:"Double Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot"
1161:"Double Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot"
1153:
1095:A Guide to the Parrots of the World.
1023:Lousada, S., & S. Howell. 1997.
1010:Lousada, S., & S. Howell. 1996.
905:
476:According to the traditional split,
334:in Oaxaca, Mexico, without apparent
2233:Species endangered by the pet trade
1320:"Bleaching and Painting of Parrots"
1212:
877:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
366:. In 1997, the population from the
13:
1447:. 12 February 2008. Archived from
1093:Juniper, T., & M. Parr. 1998.
543:The origin of the common epithet "
500:(from the Sula Valley in northern
14:
2254:
1527:
314:complex, which also includes the
2198:IUCN Red List endangered species
1533:
540:, the name remains provisional.
98:
1455:
1437:
1423:
1362:
1265:
1247:
1200:
1175:
1141:. BirdLife International (2008)
1107:
1069:
1056:
866:BirdLife International (2020).
536:, but until this population is
1377:. Simon and Schuster. p.
1030:
1017:
988:
975:
551:
1:
1465:. 8 June 2008. Archived from
1345:"Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot"
845:
589:); just the crown in Belize (
2243:Taxa named by Robert Ridgway
1417:"The Amazing Amazon Parrots"
508:. An additional subspecies,
310:This species is part of the
237:Amazona ochrocephala oratrix
7:
985:Orn. Monographs. 43: 1-418.
961:. Oxford University Press.
520:, which also occurs on the
338:, and the presence of both
297:
261:double yellow-headed amazon
16:Subspecies of Amazon Parrot
10:
2259:
804:
1872:
1834:
1818:
1793:
1607:Vinaceous-breasted amazon
1592:
1097:Pica Press, East Sussex.
884:: e.T22686337A179331301.
730:; they are also found in
234:
227:
218:
200:
193:
95:Scientific classification
93:
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1733:Yellow-shouldered amazon
1185:. The Feather Tree. 2003
627:Distribution and habitat
380:A. auropalliata caribaea
2228:Birds described in 1887
1220:"Yellow-headed Parrot (
1040:Bull. BOC 109: 232-235.
1027:Bull. BOC 117: 203-223.
441:, but did reveal three
1849:List of amazon parrots
1431:"Amazon Parrot Update"
814:
774:, and is listed under
763:
639:This species lives in
636:
569:
425:, but unlike nominate
388:A. oratrix hondurensis
307:
2218:Fauna of Islas MarĂas
1758:Southern mealy amazon
1753:Northern mealy amazon
1721:Yellow-crowned amazon
1617:Red-spectacled amazon
1183:"Where are they now?"
812:
761:
704:San Diego, California
657:Belizean pine forests
634:
567:
530:A. oratrix belizensis
414:than they are to the
305:
284:yellow-crowned amazon
255:), also known as the
24:Yellow-headed amazon
2019:yellow-headed-parrot
1780:Orange-winged amazon
1704:Yellow-headed amazon
1652:Lilac-crowned amazon
1632:Yellow-billed amazon
1627:White-fronted amazon
1542:at Wikimedia Commons
1511:. World Parrot Trust
1451:on 12 February 2008.
1163:. Aves International
1135:"Species factsheet:
913:"Appendices | CITES"
799:white-fronted amazon
538:officially described
469:) recognized as two
447:phylogenetic species
312:Amazona ochrocephala
288:Amazona ochrocephala
257:yellow-headed parrot
247:yellow-headed amazon
1839:Neotropical parrots
1738:Blue-fronted amazon
1716:Yellow-naped amazon
1684:Blue-cheeked amazon
1647:Puerto Rican amazon
1622:Black-billed amazon
1405:. lafebercares.com.
1403:"The Amazon Parrot"
1113:Clements, J. 2007.
1053:Auk 121(2): 318-332
824:yellow-naped parrot
818:bested only by the
754:Conservation status
744:Southern California
661:Tres MarĂas Islands
579:Tres MarĂas Islands
528:), which resembles
486:Tres MarĂas Islands
410:, may be closer to
316:yellow-naped amazon
290:). It is a popular
48:Conservation status
1826:Blue-winged amazon
1785:St. Vincent amazon
1743:Scaly-naped amazon
1709:Tres MarĂas amazon
1674:Red-crowned amazon
1642:Hispaniolan amazon
1419:. The Parrot Post.
1287:10.7717/peerj.5669
1280:. 6:e5669: e5669.
1117:Christopher Helm.
1036:Lousada, S. 1989.
981:Binford, L. 1989.
840:World Parrot Trust
838:table scraps. The
815:
764:
637:
570:
480:includes the taxa
467:Tres MarĂas amazon
439:biological species
308:
40:Vancouver Aquarium
2185:
2184:
2144:Open Tree of Life
1866:Taxon identifiers
1857:
1856:
1810:Martinique amazon
1805:Guadeloupe amazon
1775:Red-tailed amazon
1694:Red-necked amazon
1689:Red-browed amazon
1538:Media related to
1123:978-0-7136-8695-1
1079:Ibis 149: 564-574
1014:Cotinga 5: 46-53.
679:and southwestern
615:, a deep, rolled
384:Islas de la BahĂa
354:plumage matching
243:
242:
88:
71:
2250:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2138:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2097:NHMSYS0020789142
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1973:
1972:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1946:
1934:
1933:
1931:C18AAFA8B64AE534
1921:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1861:
1860:
1819:Disputed species
1699:St. Lucia amazon
1657:Red-lored amazon
1570:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1537:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1376:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:on June 15, 2006
1235:
1228:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1111:
1105:
1091:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1008:
999:
992:
986:
979:
973:
972:
960:
950:
927:
926:
924:
923:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
893:
863:
427:A. auropalliata.
223:
206:
103:
102:
82:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2213:Birds of Mexico
2208:Birds of Belize
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:Amazona-oratrix
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2131:Observation.org
2129:
2121:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1918:Amazona_oratrix
1916:
1911:
1904:Amazona oratrix
1902:
1901:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1874:Amazona oratrix
1868:
1858:
1853:
1830:
1814:
1797:extinct species
1796:
1789:
1770:Imperial amazon
1765:Kawall's amazon
1669:Diademed amazon
1662:Lilacine amazon
1588:
1574:
1540:Amazona oratrix
1530:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1488:Lafeber Company
1482:
1481:
1474:
1469:on 8 June 2008.
1461:
1460:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1270:
1266:
1259:cityparrots.org
1253:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1222:Amazona oratrix
1218:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1137:Amazona oratrix
1133:
1132:
1128:
1112:
1108:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1002:
993:
989:
980:
976:
969:
951:
930:
921:
919:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
870:Amazona oratrix
864:
853:
848:
807:
756:
683:, as well as a
641:riparian forest
629:
554:
419:A. auropalliata
408:A. auropalliata
364:A. auropalliata
360:A. ochrocephala
344:A. auropalliata
340:A. ochrocephala
332:A. auropalliata
320:A. auropalliata
300:
276:Central America
252:Amazona oratrix
214:
208:
204:Amazona oratrix
202:
189:
186:A. oratrix
97:
89:
72:
61:
57:
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32:
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1873:
1748:Mealy amazon
1703:
1637:Cuban amazon
1584:
1513:. Retrieved
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1467:the original
1457:
1449:the original
1439:
1425:
1411:
1397:
1372:
1364:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1324:City Parrots
1323:
1314:
1277:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1238:. Retrieved
1231:the original
1221:
1214:
1202:
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1187:. Retrieved
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1136:
1129:
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920:. Retrieved
916:
907:
895:. Retrieved
881:
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869:
836:
832:
816:
796:
791:
784:
765:
706:, including
693:
675:to northern
638:
620:
616:
612:
609:kyaa-aa-aaah
608:
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594:
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582:
571:
568:8 weeks old.
555:
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517:
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497:
489:
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477:
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462:
454:
450:
433:analysis of
431:phylogenetic
426:
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387:
379:
375:
371:
363:
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346:in northern
343:
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236:
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203:
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185:
184:
172:
18:
2118:Neotropical
2079:NatureServe
2027:iNaturalist
1898:Wikispecies
897:12 November
820:grey parrot
748:Puerto Rico
712:Ocean Beach
595:hondurensis
552:Description
498:hondurensis
396:conspecific
372:hondurensis
368:Sula Valley
162:Psittacidae
2192:Categories
2170:Xeno-canto
1355:2006-08-23
1240:2006-08-23
1196:tresmariae
1189:2006-08-23
1167:2006-08-23
922:2022-01-14
846:References
813:Pet parrot
792:tresmariae
768:endangered
762:Upper body
736:Loma Linda
720:Point Loma
673:Nuevo LeĂłn
591:belizensis
583:tresmariae
514:Gulf slope
506:subspecies
490:belizensis
484:(from the
482:tresmariae
478:A. oratrix
463:tresmariae
455:panamensis
451:panamensis
423:A. oratrix
412:A. oratrix
376:A. oratrix
356:A. oratrix
328:A. oratrix
280:subspecies
265:endangered
81:Appendix I
63:Endangered
1145:12 August
917:cites.org
732:Santa Ana
696:Stuttgart
671:and from
653:Guatemala
649:mangroves
635:In Belize
473:species.
471:monotypic
392:gene flow
180:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
2157:Species+
2084:2.103969
2071:22686337
2045:10859999
1944:22686337
1939:BirdLife
1883:Wikidata
1845:: Arini)
1515:14 April
1493:14 April
1329:14 April
1306:30397538
828:operatic
787:poaching
740:Pasadena
724:La Jolla
708:Coronado
689:Honduras
621:ahrhrrrr
574:Belizean
559:feathers
502:Honduras
416:nominate
404:parvipes
400:caribaea
352:juvenile
348:Honduras
298:Taxonomy
263:, is an
229:Synonyms
158:Family:
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
2009:2479646
1926:Avibase
1889:Q613939
1594:Species
1585:Amazona
1297:6214232
830:voice.
805:As pets
770:by the
700:Germany
681:Tabasco
677:Chiapas
665:Jalisco
602:variety
587:oratrix
518:oratrix
382:on the
324:plumage
282:of the
211:Ridgway
173:Amazona
168:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
66: (
2123:yehpar
2110:152276
2058:554926
2016:GNAB:
1991:EURING
1983:yehpar
1957:yehpar
1385:
1304:
1294:
1121:
1101:
965:
726:, and
669:Oaxaca
645:Belize
617:ahrrrr
545:double
496:) and
494:Belize
492:(from
461:) and
443:clades
272:Mexico
213:, 1887
2162:11033
2136:71657
2040:IRMNG
2032:18998
1996:26690
1978:eBird
1843:tribe
1581:genus
1278:PeerJ
1234:(PDF)
1227:(PDF)
776:CITES
510:magna
504:) as
465:(the
457:(the
374:, of
85:CITES
79:CITES
2149:1119
2105:NCBI
2066:IUCN
2053:ITIS
2004:GBIF
1970:CKF3
1517:2021
1495:2021
1383:ISBN
1331:2021
1302:PMID
1147:2008
1119:ISBN
1099:ISBN
963:ISBN
899:2021
882:2020
772:IUCN
738:and
663:and
647:and
611:and
600:The
402:and
362:nor
342:and
330:and
259:and
245:The
142:Aves
2092:NBN
1965:CoL
1952:BOW
1913:ADW
1292:PMC
1282:doi
886:doi
667:to
651:in
619:or
488:),
435:DNA
292:pet
270:of
38:At
2194::
2172::
2159::
2146::
2133::
2120::
2107::
2094::
2081::
2068::
2055::
2042::
2029::
2006::
1993::
1980::
1967::
1954::
1941::
1928::
1915::
1900::
1885::
1583::
1486:.
1475:^
1381:.
1322:.
1300:.
1290:.
1276:.
1257:.
1224:)"
1084:^
1003:^
931:^
915:.
880:.
874:.
854:^
750:.
734:,
722:,
718:,
714:,
710:,
698:,
378:.
1841:(
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1497:.
1391:.
1379:7
1358:.
1333:.
1308:.
1284::
1261:.
1243:.
1192:.
1170:.
1149:.
1139:"
971:.
925:.
901:.
888::
872:"
868:"
581:(
318:(
286:(
249:(
87:)
70:)
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