Boris Yeltsin - Knowledge

2410: 58: 2153: 2004: 657: 1884: 2687: 1955: 562: 1786:(St. Martin's Press): "For a long time, on the plane to Miami, he sat motionless, his head in his hands. 'What have they done to our poor people?' he said after a long silence." He added, "On his return to Moscow, Yeltsin would confess the pain he had felt after the Houston excursion: the 'pain for all of us, for our country so rich, so talented and so exhausted by incessant experiments'." He wrote that Mr. Yeltsin added, "I think we have committed a crime against our people by making their standard of living so incomparably lower than that of the Americans." An aide, Lev Sukhanov, was reported to have said that it was at that moment that "the last vestige of Bolshevism collapsed" inside his boss. In his autobiography, 925: 1649:. At that point he formally left the Secretariat to concentrate on his role in Moscow. Over the coming year he removed many of the old secretaries of the gorkom, replacing them with younger individuals, particularly with backgrounds in factory management. In August 1986, Yeltsin gave a two-hour report to the party conference in which he talked about Moscow's problems, including issues that had previously not been spoken about publicly. Gorbachev described the speech as a "strong fresh wind" for the party. Yeltsin expressed a similar message at the 22nd Congress of the CPSU in February 1986 and then in a speech at the House of Political Enlightenment in April. 3342: 1685: 2595: 3266:

that in Yeltsin's autobiography, the leader appeared to view himself as more of a Soviet person than a Russian. Throughout his life, Yeltsin sustained a number of health problems which he would usually try to conceal. As a child, he sustained both a broken nose and a maimed hand, physical attributes he remained self-conscious about; in public he would often conceal his left hand under the table or behind his tie. He was also deaf on the right side due to a middle-ear infection. Although his mother was a devout Orthodox Christian, Yeltsin did not grow up as a practitioner, only becoming so in the 1980s and 1990s.

16368: 3257:, who had called in the 1980s for Russia to extricate itself from the Soviet Union. However, Evans thought that Yeltsin still appeared to believe by 1990 that the Ukrainians and Belarusians, as fellow East Slavic nationalities, would want to remain politically united with Russia in federal form. By 1991, it was obvious that this would not occur as the Ukrainian population favored full independence. Over the course of his presidency, he made increasing concessions to right-wing ethnic Russian nationalism by expressing growing concern over the fate of ethnic Russians in neighboring countries. 2986: 4025: 1567:. Many of his concerns about the Soviet system were prosaic rather than ideological, as he believed that the system was losing effectiveness and beginning to decay. He was increasingly faced with the problem of Russia's place within the Soviet Union; unlike other republics in the country, the RSFSR lacked the same levels of autonomy from the central government in Moscow. In the early 1980s, he and Yurii Petrov privately devised a tripartite scheme for reforming the Soviet Union that would involve strengthening the Russian government, but it was never presented publicly. 932: 16346: 3210:

direct initiative of President Boris Yeltsin a new constitution, one which declared human rights a supreme value, was adopted. It gave people the opportunity to freely express their thoughts, to freely choose power in Russia, to realize their creative and entrepreneurial plans. This Constitution permitted us to begin building a truly effective Federation. ... We knew him as a brave and a warm-hearted, spiritual person. He was an upstanding and courageous national leader. And he was always very honest and frank while defending his position. ...

2760: 2375: 1419:) of the construction directorate. In June 1963, Yeltsin was reassigned to the Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine as its head engineer, and in December 1965 became the combine's director. During this period he was largely involved in building residential housing, the expansion of which was a major priority for the government. He gained a reputation within the construction industry as a hard worker who was punctual and effective and who was used to meeting the targets set forth by the state apparatus. There had been plans to award him the 564: 563: 2928: 1725: 1626:, the organizational secretary of the Central Committee, soon summoned Yeltsin to meet with him as a potential ally in his efforts. Yeltsin had some reservations about Gorbachev as a leader, deeming him controlling and patronizing, but committed himself to the latter's project of reform. In April 1985, Gorbachev appointed Yeltsin head of the Construction Department of the Party's Central Committee. Although it entailed moving to the capital city, Yeltsin was unhappy with what he regarded as a demotion. There, he was issued a 1341:. He took the stream in industrial and civil engineering, which included courses in maths, physics, materials and soil science, and draftsmanship. He was also required to study Marxist–Leninist doctrine and choose a language course, for which he selected German, although never became adept at it. Tuition was free and he was provided a small stipend to live on, which he supplemented by unloading railway trucks for a small wage. Academically, he achieved high grades, although temporarily dropped out in 1952 when afflicted with 1472: 2998: 2827: 2714: 1833: 3076: 3364:

invites and eludes a ringing assessment. Was he a heroic revolutionary, or an erratic reformer? An astute politician and a committed democrat, or a populist improviser with little interest in the hard work of coalition building? Was he a daring economic reformer, or a blundering tool of the oligarchs? ...Does he emerge as a larger-than-life leader who rose to unprecedented challenges, or as a figure overwhelmed by the enormity of change? The answer, not surprisingly, is that Yeltsin was all of the above.

17459: 2778:. He bluntly pronounced: "Yesterday, Clinton permitted himself to put pressure on Russia. It seems he has for a minute, for a second, for half a minute, forgotten that Russia has a full arsenal of nuclear weapons. He has forgotten about that." Clinton dismissed Yeltsin's comments stating: "I didn't think he'd forgotten that America was a great power when he disagreed with what I did in Kosovo." It fell to Putin to downplay Yeltsin's comments and present reassurances about U.S. and Russian relations. 3183: 2071: 1385:). In these positions, he confronted widespread alcoholism and a lack of motivation among construction workers, an irregular supply of materials, and the regular theft or vandalism of available materials. He soon imposed fines for those who damaged or stole materials or engaged in absenteeism, and closely monitored productivity. His work on the construction of a textile factory, for which he oversaw 1000 workers, brought him wider recognition. In June 1958 he became a senior work superintendent ( 3897: 16320: 16099: 2559: 3131: 2063: 3911: 2627: 1611: 9886: 16255: 16027: 3320: 541: 561: 917: 3331: 16208: 16161: 15975: 15938: 16125: 2756:, relatively unknown at that time, and announced his wish to see Putin as his successor. In late 1999, Yeltsin and U.S. President Bill Clinton openly disagreed on the war in Chechnya. At the November meeting of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Clinton pointed his finger at Yeltsin and demanded he halt bombing attacks that had resulted in many civilian casualties. Yeltsin immediately left the conference. 1201: 553: 3883: 3925: 16307: 16086: 3311:

Tatyana then married again, to Leonid Dyachenko, and for a while they lived with Yeltsin at his Moscow apartment during the mid-1980s. Yeltsin was loyal to his friends. As friends, Yeltsin selected individuals he deemed to be professionally competent and morally fastidious. Aron noted that Yeltsin could be "an inexhaustible fount of merriment, exuberance and hospitality" among his friends.

2878: 2495:, ranking member of the Minority on the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, wrote to Yeltsin concerning U.S. servicemen who were POWs or MIAs: "The status of thousands and thousands of American servicemen who are held by Soviet and other Communist forces, and who were never repatriated after every major war this century, is of grave concern to the American people." 1669:, Yeltsin, frustrated that Gorbachev had not addressed any of the issues outlined in his resignation letter, asked to speak. He expressed his discontent with the slow pace of reform in society, the servility shown to the general secretary, and opposition to him from Ligachyov making his position untenable, before requesting to resign from the Politburo, adding that the 3869: 2535:(ICAO) on 8 January 1993. For years the Soviet authorities had denied possessing these tapes. The openness of Yeltsin about POW/MIA and KAL 007 matters may also have signaled his willingness for more openness to the West. In 1992, which he labeled the "window of opportunity", he was willing to discuss biological weapons with the United States and admitted that the 2137:, which included the following provisions: a national referendum on the new constitution; parliament and Yeltsin would choose a new head of government, to be confirmed by the Supreme Soviet; and the parliament was to cease making constitutional amendments that change the balance of power between the legislative and executive branches. Eventually, on 14 December, 2380: 2379: 2376: 1499:, interviewed Yeltsin personally to determine his suitability and agreed with Ryabov's assessment. At the Central Committee's recommendation, the Sverdlovsk obkom then unanimously voted to appoint Yeltsin as its first secretary. This made him one of the youngest provincial first secretaries in the RSFSR, and gave him significant power within the province. 1975:

converting the world's largest command economy into a free-market one. During early discussions of this transition, Yeltsin's advisers debated issues of speed and sequencing, with an apparent division between those favoring a rapid approach and those favoring a gradual or slower approach. On January 1, 1992, Yeltsin signed accords with U.S. President

2381: 1321:. Yeltsin did well at secondary school, and there took an increasing interest in sports, becoming captain of the school's volleyball squad. He enjoyed playing pranks and in one instance playing with a grenade, which blew off the thumb and index finger of his left hand. With friends, he would go on summer walking expeditions in the adjacent 1702:

November 1987, Yeltsin apparently tried to kill himself and was rushed to the hospital bleeding profusely from self-inflicted cuts to his chest. Gorbachev ordered the injured Yeltsin from his hospital bed to the Moscow party plenum two days later where he was ritually denounced by the party faithful in what was reminiscent of a

2378: 1167:

Union, transforming Russia into a representative democracy, and introducing new political, economic, and cultural freedoms to the country. Conversely, he was accused of economic mismanagement, abuse of presidential power, autocratic behavior, corruption, and sometimes undermining Russia's standing as a major world power.

1911:, the upper house of the Supreme Soviet, voted the Soviet Union out of existence, thereby ending the world's oldest, largest and most powerful Communist state. Economic relations between the former Soviet republics were severely compromised. Millions of ethnic Russians found themselves in newly formed foreign countries. 1907:. On 24 December, by mutual agreement of the other CIS states (which by this time included all of the remaining republics except Georgia), the Russian Federation took the Soviet Union's seat in the United Nations. The next day, Gorbachev resigned and handed the functions of his office to Yeltsin. On 26 December, the 2897:, Yeltsin issued his resignation. In the speech, he praised the advances in cultural, political, and economic freedom that his administration had overseen although apologized to Russia's people for "not making many of your and my dreams come true. What seemed simple to do proved to be excruciatingly difficult." 2196:

scarce and life expectancy was falling for all but a tiny handful of the population; moreover, Yeltsin was increasingly getting the blame. By early October, Yeltsin had secured the support of Russia's army and ministry of interior forces. In a massive show of force, Yeltsin called up tanks to shell the

3301:

Doder and Branson noted that Yeltsin was "a hero for young Russians, a cult figure to those who were not necessarily anticommunists but who were filled with bitterness and apathy" from the Brezhnev years. They noted he was "ebullient, almost outrageously open", and also "charismatic". They added that

3046:

Yeltsin's personal and health problems received a great deal of attention in the global press. As the years went on, he was often viewed as an increasingly drunk and unstable leader, rather than the inspiring figure he was once seen as. The possibility that he might die in office was often discussed.

2634:

Yeltsin campaigned energetically, dispelling concerns about his health, and maintained a high media profile. To boost his popularity, Yeltsin promised to abandon some of his more unpopular economic reforms, boost welfare spending, end the war in Chechnya, and pay wage and pension arrears. Yeltsin had

2602:

In mid-1996, Chubais and Yeltsin recruited a team of a handful of financial and media oligarchs to bankroll the Yeltsin campaign and guarantee favorable media coverage to the president on national television and in leading newspapers. In return, Chubais allowed well-connected Russian business leaders

2397:

as a way of spreading ownership of shares in former state enterprises as widely as possible to create political support for his economic reforms. In the West, privatization was viewed as the key to the transition from Communism in Eastern Europe, ensuring a quick dismantling of the Soviet-era command

2316:

Then, what was to be made of Boris Yeltsin? He could no longer be regarded as the democratic hero of Western myth. But had he become an old-style communist boss, turning his back on the democratic reformers he once championed and throwing in his lot with militarists and ultranationalists? Or was he a

2183:

On 21 September 1993, in breach of the constitution, Yeltsin announced in a televised address his decision to disband the Supreme Soviet and Congress of People's Deputies by decree. In his address, Yeltsin declared his intent to rule by decree until the election of the new parliament and a referendum

2046:

In early 1992, prices skyrocketed throughout Russia, and a deep credit crunch shut down many industries and brought about a protracted depression. The reforms devastated the living standards of much of the population, especially the groups dependent on Soviet-era state subsidies and welfare programs.

1813:

A part of this power struggle was the opposition between the power structures of the Soviet Union and the RSFSR. In an attempt to gain more power, on 12 June 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR adopted a declaration of sovereignty. On 12 July 1990, Yeltsin resigned from the CPSU in a

3213:

assumed full responsibility for everything he called for, for everything he aspired to. For everything he tried to do and did do for the sake of Russia, for the sake of millions of Russians. And he invariably took upon himself, let it in his heart, all the trials and tribulations of Russia, peoples'

3028:

In his memoirs, Yeltsin claimed no recollection of the event but did make a passing reference to the incident when he met Borg a year later at the World Circle Kabaddi Cup in Hamilton, Ontario, where the pair had been invited to present the trophy. He made a hasty withdrawal from the funeral of King

2923:

during his first term as president of the Russian Federation, probably continuing for the rest of his life. He is known to have suffered heart problems in March 1990, just after being elected as a member of parliament. It was common knowledge that, in early 1996, he was recuperating from a series of

2511:

One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines Flight 007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on 1 September 1983... The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War. However, now that relations between our two

2195:

Between 21 and 24 September, Yeltsin was confronted by popular unrest. Demonstrators protested the terrible living conditions under Yeltsin. Since 1989, GDP had declined by half. Corruption was rampant, violent crime was skyrocketing, medical services were collapsing, food and fuel were increasingly

1376:

Leaving the Ural Polytechnic Institute, Yeltsin was assigned to work with the Lower Iset Construction Directorate in Sverdlovsk; at his request, he served the first year as a trainee in various building trades. He quickly rose through the organization's ranks. In June 1956 he was promoted to foreman

3679:

Russia: Medal – "In memory of the army as a volunteer" (March 2012, posthumous) – for a high contribution to the remembrance of the Great Patriotic War, with respect for the history of the Russian state, and for his contribution to the preservation of names of victims in conflicts in defence of the

3363:

Yeltsin certainly deserves credit for monumental achievements. On his watch, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was destroyed, the largest empire on earth was peacefully dismantled, and electoral democracy was introduced into a country with a thousand-year history of autocratic rule....Yeltsin

3310:

pilot, Valerii Okulov, with whom she had a second daughter, Mariya, in 1983. Yeltsin's other daughter, Tatyana, married fellow student Vilen Khairullin, an ethnic Tatar, while studying at Moscow State University in 1980. In 1981 they had a son, named Boris after his grandfather, but soon separated.

3282:

steambath. Yeltsin also enjoyed hunting and had his own collection of hunting guns. He liked to give watches and other keepsakes to his employees, often as a means of motivating them to work harder. He disliked people swearing, and when frustrated or angry, he was known to often snap pencils in his

3269:

Yeltsin stated that his "style of management" was "tough" and that he "demanded strict discipline and fulfilment of promises". Yeltsin was a workaholic; at UPI university, he developed the habit of sleeping for only four hours at night. He was punctual and very strict regarding the tardiness of his

2278:

was signed, Clinton began to understand that Russia had concluded he was "subordinating, if not abandoning, integration to NATO expansion". In July 1995, by which time the Russians had signed up to PfP, Yeltsin said to Clinton, "we must stick to our position, which is that there should be no rapid

2144:

The conflict escalated soon, however, with the parliament changing its prior decision to hold a referendum. Yeltsin, in turn, announced in a televised address to the nation on 20 March 1993, that he was going to assume certain "special powers" to implement his programme of reforms. In response, the

1974:

Just days after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin resolved to embark on a programme of radical economic reform. Surpassing Gorbachev's reforms, which sought to expand democracy in the socialist system, the new regime aimed to completely dismantle socialism and fully implement capitalism,

1743:

described Yeltsin as drunk at a lecture during his visit to the United States in September 1989, an allegation which appeared to be confirmed by a TV account of his speech; however, popular dissatisfaction with the regime was strong, and these attempts to smear Yeltsin only added to his popularity.

1701:

versions began to circulate – this was the beginning of Yeltsin's rise as a rebel and growth in popularity as an anti-establishment figure. Gorbachev called a meeting of the Moscow City Party Committee for 11 November 1987 to launch another crushing attack on Yeltsin and confirm his dismissal. On 9

1550:

surrounding Brezhnev, but he was contemptuous of what he saw as the Soviet leader's vanity and sloth. He later claimed to have quashed plans for a Brezhnev museum in Sverdlovsk. While First Secretary, his world-view began to shift, influenced by his reading; he kept up with a wide range of journals

1166:

Domestically, he was highly popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, although his reputation was damaged by the economic and political crises of his presidency, and he left office widely unpopular with the Russian population. He received praise and criticism for his role in dismantling the Soviet

3265:

Colton described Yeltsin as a man who "teemed with inner complexities", who exhibited both a "mathematical cast of mind" and a "taste for adventure", noting that Yeltsin had "the intuition for grasping a situation holistically". Colton thought Yeltsin could be bullheaded, and restless. Evans noted

3036:

After Yeltsin's death, Michiel Staal, a Dutch neurosurgeon, said that his team had been secretly flown to Moscow to operate on Yeltsin in 1999. Yeltsin suffered from an unspecified neurological disorder that affected his sense of balance, causing him to wobble as if in a drunken state; the goal of

2868:

of bribing Yeltsin and his family. Swiss authorities issued an international arrest warrant for Pavel Borodin, the official who managed the Kremlin's property empire. Stating that bribery was a common business practice in Russia, Pacolli confirmed in early December 1999 that he had guaranteed five

2574:

in the summer. The announcement followed weeks of speculation that Yeltsin was at the end of his political career because of his health problems and growing unpopularity in Russia. At the time, Yeltsin was recuperating from a series of heart attacks. Domestic and international observers also noted

2539:

of 2 April 1979 (which Yeltsin had originally been involved in concealing) had been caused as the result of a mishap at a military facility. The Russian government had maintained that the cause was contaminated meat. The true number of victims in the anthrax outbreak at Sverdlovsk, about 850 miles

1661:

at the Politburo for allowing two small unsanctioned demonstrations on Moscow streets, Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev who was holidaying on the Black Sea. When Gorbachev received the letter he was stunned – nobody in Soviet history had voluntarily resigned from the ranks of the

1570:

By 1980, Yeltsin had developed the habit of appearing unannounced in factories, shops, and public transport to get a closer look at the realities of Soviet life. In May 1981, he held a question-and-answer session with college students at the Sverdlovsk Youth Palace, where he was unusually frank in

3368:

Colton suggested that "Yeltsin leaves nobody indifferent. He needs to be understood if we are to understand the age we inhabit". Aron characterised him as "Russia's first modern leader". Colton understood him as "a hero in history", albeit one who was "enigmatic and flawed". He expressed the view

2946:

According to numerous reports, Yeltsin was alcohol dependent until 1996, when his worsening health made him give up heavy drinking. The topic made headlines abroad during Yeltsin's visit to the U.S. in 1989 for a series of lectures on social and political life in the Soviet Union. A report in the

2586:

Panic struck the Yeltsin team when opinion polls suggested that the ailing president could not win; some members of his entourage urged him to cancel the presidential elections and effectively rule as a dictator from then on. Instead, Yeltsin changed his campaign team, assigning a key role to his

2211:

and ultra-nationalists. However, the referendum held at the same time approved the new constitution, which significantly expanded the powers of the president, giving Yeltsin the right to appoint the members of the government, to dismiss the prime minister and, in some cases, to dissolve the Duma.

1457:

for his work completing a cold-rolling mill at the Upper Iset Works, a project for which he had overseen the actions of 15,000 laborers. In the late 1960s, Yeltsin was permitted to visit the West for the first time as he was sent on a trip to France. In 1975, Yeltsin was then made one of the five

1396:

At the same time, Yeltsin's family was growing; in September 1956, he married Girina. She soon got work at a scientific research institute, where she remained for 29 years. In August 1957, their daughter Yelena was born, followed by a second daughter, Tatyana, in January 1960. During this period,

2741:, and warned of possible Russian intervention if NATO deployed ground troops to Kosovo. In televised comments, he stated: "I told NATO, the Americans, the Germans: Don't push us towards military action. Otherwise, there will be a European war for sure and possibly a world war." Yeltsin said that 1851:

Although restored to his position, Gorbachev had been destroyed politically. Neither union nor Russian power structures heeded his commands as support had swung over to Yeltsin. By September, Gorbachev could no longer influence events outside of Moscow. Taking advantage of the situation, Yeltsin

3209:

A new democratic Russia was born during his time: a free, open and peaceful country. A state in which the power truly does belong to the people. ... the first President of Russia’s strength consisted in the mass support of Russian citizens for his ideas and aspirations. Thanks to the will and

1414:

In March 1960, Yeltsin became a probationary member of the governing Communist Party and a full member in March 1961. In his later autobiography, he stated that his original reasons for joining were "sincere" and rooted in a genuine belief in the party's socialist ideals. In other interviews he

2498:

Yeltsin responded with a statement made on 15 June 1992, whilst being interviewed on board his presidential jet en route to the United States, "Our archives have shown that it is true — some of them were transferred to the territory of the USSR and were kept in labour camps... We can only

2405:

In late 1992, Yeltsin launched a programme of free vouchers as a way to give mass privatization a jump-start. Under the programme, all Russian citizens were issued vouchers, each with a nominal value of around 10,000 rubles, for the purchase of shares of select state enterprises. Although each

2425:

In 1995, as Yeltsin struggled to finance Russia's growing foreign debt and gain support from the Russian business elite for his bid in the 1996 presidential elections, the Russian president prepared for a new wave of privatization offering stock shares in some of Russia's most valuable state

2614:, also committed himself to the campaign. American advisors were sent, on instruction from the White House, to join the campaign team of the sitting Russian president to teach new electoral techniques. Several European governments also showed their support for Yeltsin. French Prime Minister 1571:

his discussion of the country's problems. In December 1982 he then gave a television broadcast for the region in which he responded to various letters. This personalized approach to interacting with the public brought disapproval from some Communist Party figures, such as First Secretary of

1519:

in 1918, over the government's fears that it was attracting growing foreign and domestic attention. He was also responsible for punishing those living in the province who wrote or published material that the Soviet government considered to be seditious or damaging to the established order.

1284:

labor camp. Yeltsin and his mother then were ejected from their residence and were taken in by friends; Klavdiya worked at a garment factory in her husband's absence. In October 1936, Nikolai returned; in July 1937, the couple's second child, Mikhail, was born. That month, they moved to

1983:

officially over after nearly 47 years. A visit to Moscow from Havel in April 1992 occasioned the written repudiation of the Soviet intervention and the withdrawal of armed forces from Czechoslovakia. Yeltsin laid a wreath during a November 1992 ceremony in Budapest, apologized for the

2530:

at the end of the plenary session of the South Korean National Assembly, saying "We apologize for the tragedy and are trying to settle some unsolved issues." Yeltsin released the tapes of the KAL 007's black box (its digital flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder) to the

1452:

department for construction. Ryabov ensured that Yeltsin got the job despite objections that he was not a longstanding party member. That year, Yeltsin and his family moved into a four-room apartment on Mamin-Sibiryak Street, downtown Sverdlovsk. Yeltsin then received his second

2882: 1462:

secretaries in the Sverdlovsk Oblast, a position that gave him responsibility not only for construction in the region but also for the forest and the pulp-and-paper industries. Also in 1975, his family relocated to a flat in the House of Old Bolsheviks on March Street.

3270:

subordinates. He had an excellent memory, and enjoyed reading; by 1985 his family had around 6000 volumes in their possession. At UPI university, he was known for enjoying practical jokes. He enjoyed listening to folk songs and pop tunes, and from youth could play the

2880: 1717:. At the next meeting of the Central Committee on 24 February 1988, Yeltsin was removed from his position as a Candidate member of the Politburo. He was perturbed and humiliated but began plotting his revenge. His opportunity came with Gorbachev's establishment of the 1502:

Where possible, Yeltsin tried to improve consumer welfare in the province, arguing that it would make for more productive workers. Under his provincial leadership, work started on various construction and infrastructure projects in the city of Sverdlovsk, including

2869:

credit cards for Yeltsin's wife, Naina, and two daughters, Tatyana and Yelena. Yeltsin resigned a few weeks later on 31 December 1999, appointing Vladimir Putin as his successor. Putin's first decree as president was lifelong immunity from prosecution for Yeltsin.

8967: 2978:, was told that Yeltsin was unwell and would not be leaving the aircraft. Reynolds tried to make excuses for him in an effort to offset his own humiliation in waiting in vain outside the plane to meet him. Speaking to the media in March 2010, Yeltsin's daughter, 2885: 18456: 18451: 9655: 3100:

and nearly concurrent terrorist attacks in Moscow, Putin launched an initiative to replace the election of regional governors with a system whereby they would be directly appointed by the president and approved by regional legislatures. Yeltsin, together with

2884: 2883: 1300:

Between 1939 and 1945, Yeltsin received a primary education at Berezniki's Railway School Number 95. Academically, he did well at primary school and was repeatedly elected class monitor by fellow pupils. There, he also took part in activities organized by the

7979: 1196:

since at least the eighteenth century. His father, Nikolai Yeltsin, had married his mother, Klavdiya Vasilyevna Starygina, in 1928. Yeltsin always remained closer to his mother than to his father; the latter beat his wife and children on various occasions.

3656: 2433:" in the mid-1990s. This was because ordinary people sold their vouchers for cash. The vouchers were bought by a small group of investors. By mid-1996, substantial ownership shares over major firms were acquired at very low prices by a handful of people. 2035:, and currency. At the same time, Yeltsin followed a policy of "macroeconomic stabilization", a harsh austerity regime designed to control inflation. Under Yeltsin's stabilization programme, interest rates were raised to extremely high levels to tighten 18466: 18461: 18471: 2591:, and appointing Chubais as campaign manager. Chubais, acting as both Yeltsin's campaign manager and adviser on Russia's privatization programme, used his control of the privatization programme as an instrument of Yeltsin's re-election campaign. 2618:

visited Moscow on February 14, the day Yeltsin's candidacy was announced, and said he hoped the election campaign would be "an opportunity to highlight the achievements of President Yeltsin's reform policy". On the same day, German Chancellor

8352: 2881: 2409: 1507:, the replacement of its barracks housing, new theaters and a circus, the refurbishment of its 1912 opera house, and youth housing projects to build new homes for young families. In September 1977, Yeltsin carried out orders to demolish the 1240:

in 1930. His farm, which was in Basmanovo (also known as Basmanovskoye), was confiscated, and he and his family were forced to reside in a cottage in nearby Butka. There, Nikolai and Ignatii's other children were allowed to join the local

2377: 4026: 2583:, had a strong grassroots organization, especially in the rural areas and small towns, and appealed effectively to memories of the old days of Soviet prestige on the international stage and the domestic order under state socialism. 1790:, written and published in 1990, Yeltsin hinted in a small passage that after his tour, he made plans to open his line of grocery stores and planned to fill it with government-subsidized goods to alleviate the country's problems. 728: 723: 18551: 1067:

in December of that year. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the RSFSR became the Russian Federation, an independent state. Through that transition, Yeltsin remained in office as president. He was later reelected in the

560: 2094:

denounced the Yeltsin programme as "economic genocide". By 1993, conflict over the reform direction escalated between Yeltsin on the one side, and the opposition to radical economic reform in Russia's parliament on the other.

2090:, widely blamed Yeltsin's economic programme for the country's disastrous economic performance in the 1990s. Many politicians began to quickly distance themselves from the programme. In February 1992, Russia's vice president, 1852:

began taking over what remained of the Soviet government, ministry by ministry—including the Kremlin. On 6 November 1991, Yeltsin issued a decree banning all Communist Party activities on Russian soil. In early December 1991,

3663: 1732:

Yeltsin's criticism of the Politburo and Gorbachev led to a smear campaign against him, in which examples of Yeltsin's awkward behavior were used against him. Speaking at the CPSU conference in 1988, Yegor Ligachyov stated,

18496: 8353:"Russian President Boris Yeltsin shows a new Turkmen passport given to him after he was named 'honorary citizen of Turkmenistan' by Saparmurad Niyazov, president of this Central Asian state in Turkmenistan 23 December 1993" 16989: 16539: 17725: 17495: 9429: 9081: 9039: 3428:

In 2013, a memorial sculpture in relief, dedicated to Yeltsin, was erected on Nunne street, at the base of the Patkuli stairs in Tallinn, for his contribution to the peaceful independence of Estonia during 1990–1991.

3253:, he stressed the specific interests of the Russian republic within the broader Soviet Union. Evans compared Yeltsin's turn away from the "empire-building" of the Soviet Union to the ideas of the writer and dissident 343: 3305:

Yeltsin had nevertheless always wanted a son. Yelena briefly married a school friend, Aleksei Fefelov, against her parents' wishes. They had a daughter, Yekaterina, in 1979, before separating. Yelena then married an

9262: 9216: 9170: 9097: 9077: 9035: 7987: 3244:

Linking Yeltsin with "liberal Russian nationalism", Alfred B. Evans described Yeltsin as having "exerted a crucial influence on the development of Russian nationalism". Yeltsin helped to channel the aspirations of

18526: 18491: 3087:

Yeltsin maintained a low profile after his resignation, making almost no public statements or appearances. He criticized his successor Putin in December 2000 for supporting the reintroduction of the tune of the

18133: 17963: 15743: 2121:, came out in opposition to the reforms, despite claiming to support Yeltsin's overall goals. In December 1992, the 7th Congress of People's Deputies succeeded in turning down the Yeltsin-backed candidacy of 6195:

Knoph, J. T.; Westerdahl, K. S. (2006). "Re-Evaluating Russia's Biological Weapons Policy, as Reflected in the Criminal Code and Official Admissions: Insubordination Leading to a President's Subordination".

2176:. In August, a commentator reflected on the situation as follows: "The President issues decrees as if there were no Supreme Soviet, and the Supreme Soviet suspends decrees as if there were no President." ( 2043:. To bring state spending and revenues into balance, Yeltsin raised new taxes heavily, cut back sharply on government subsidies to industry and construction, and made steep cuts to state welfare spending. 18441: 2607:, the media painted a picture of a fateful choice for Russia, between Yeltsin and a "return to totalitarianism". The oligarchs even played up the threat of civil war if a Communist was elected president. 3021:

in connection with an episode during Yeltsin's visit to Stockholm in 1997, when Yeltsin suddenly started talking nonsense (he allegedly told his bemused audience that Swedish meatballs reminded him of

2270:

Not only the opposition, but moderate circles as well , would no doubt perceive this as a sort of neo-isolation of our country in diametric opposition to its natural admission into Euro-Atlantic space.

57: 307: 9680: 2172:

functioned side by side, after Yeltsin refused to accept the newly elected pro-parliament head of the region. The Supreme Soviet pursued its foreign policies, passing a declaration on the status of

15658: 15622: 1634:

and her son and husband soon joined him and his wife. Gorbachev soon promoted Yeltsin to secretary of the Central Committee for construction and capital investment, a position within the powerful

5424: 2426:

enterprises in exchange for bank loans. The programme was promoted as a way of simultaneously speeding up privatization and ensuring the government a cash infusion to cover its operating needs.'

1423:

for his work, although this was scrapped after a five-story building he was constructing collapsed in March 1966. An official investigation found that Yeltsin was not culpable for the accident.

18541: 17718: 17488: 2499:

surmise that some of them may still be alive." On 10 December 1991, five days after Helms had written to Yeltsin regarding American servicemen, he again wrote to Yeltsin, this time concerning

9802: 3013:, the bizarre behavior of Yeltsin resulted from "strong drugs" given to him by Kremlin doctors, which were incompatible even with a small amount of alcohol. This was discussed by journalist 2879: 2274:

After his August visit to Warsaw, Yeltsin saw the explosion of fright over NATO in the old guard and thereafter the window of détente slammed shut. By December 1994, the month in which the

2429:

However, the deals were effectively giveaways of valuable state assets to a small group of tycoons in finance, industry, energy, telecommunications, and the media who came to be known as "

9781: 5738: 3402:

During his career as a figure in the Soviet Union, Yeltsin received ten medals and awards for his service to the state. In April 2008, a new memorial to Yeltsin was dedicated in Moscow's

2301:

in an attempt to restore Moscow's control over the republic. Nearly two years later, Yeltsin withdrew federal forces from the devastated Chechnya under a 1996 peace agreement brokered by

6283: 2642:

Zyuganov, who lacked Yeltsin's resources and financial backing, saw his strong initial lead whittled away. After the first round on 16 June, Yeltsin appointed a highly popular candidate

1415:

instead stated that he joined because membership was a necessity for career advancement. His career continued to progress during the early 1960s; in February 1962 he was promoted chief (

18126: 17956: 2360:) used to authorize nuclear launch was automatically activated. Russian satellites indicated that no massive attack was underway and he agreed with advisors that it was a false alarm. 2317:

befuddled, out-of-touch chief being manipulated, knowingly or unwittingly, by—well, by whom exactly? If there were to be a dictatorial coup, would Yeltsin be its victim or its leader?

1353:, and joined the UPI volleyball team. He avoided any involvement in political organizations while there. During the summer 1953 break, he traveled across the Soviet Union, touring the 18416: 17711: 17481: 16835: 12397: 9085: 9043: 3649: 2512:

nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations.

2003: 1677:. Aside from the fact that no one had ever quit the Politburo before, no one in the party had addressed a leader of the party in such a manner in front of the Central Committee since 311: 18511: 3222:"I express my profoundest condolences to the family of the deceased, who had major deeds for the good of the country as well as serious mistakes behind him. It was a tragic destiny." 2900:

By some estimates, his approval ratings when leaving office were as low as 2%. Polling also suggests that a majority of the Russian population were pleased by Yeltsin's resignation.

2406:

citizen initially received a voucher of equal face value, within months the majority of them converged in the hands of intermediaries who were ready to buy them for cash right away.

1432: 2152: 613: 609: 18436: 9424: 8999: 2305:, Yeltsin's then-security chief. The peace deal allowed Chechnya greater autonomy but not full independence. The decision to launch the war in Chechnya dismayed many in the West. 1670: 1642: 656: 365: 10603: 8836:

Spohr, Kristina, and Kaarel Piirimäe. "With or without Russia? The Boris, Bill and Helmut Bromance and the harsh realities of securing Europe in the post-wall world, 1990–1994."

18076: 16519: 16514: 15612: 3670: 2710:

and other international lending organizations. However, his opponents allege that most of these funds were stolen by people from Yeltsin's circle and placed into foreign banks.

1876:, the three presidents declared that the Soviet Union no longer existed "as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality", and announced the formation of a voluntary 3276:

spoons. Until poor health stopped him in the 1990s, Yeltsin enjoyed swimming in icy water, and throughout his life started each day with a cold shower. He also loved using the

18119: 17949: 16594: 9788: 9547: 9148: 6305: 6100:"Олег Наумов, Андрей Нечаев: Пройдет время, и в школьных учебниках истории о Борисе Ельцине будет записано, что это президент, заложивший основы новой демократической России" 1645:. He was now responsible for managing the Soviet capital city, which had a population of 8.7 million. In February 1986, Yeltsin became a candidate (non-voting) member of the 1487:

In October 1976, Ryabov was promoted to a new position in Moscow. He recommended that Yeltsin replace him as the First Secretary of the Party Committee in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

18556: 18431: 18406: 18401: 16840: 13732: 9707: 2207:, were held in December 1993. Candidates associated with Yeltsin's economic policies were overwhelmed by a huge anti-Yeltsin vote, the bulk of which was divided between the 18546: 18506: 5328: 3235:

and "a non-ethnic Russianism" had begun to enter Yeltsin's thinking while he was First Secretary of Sverdlovsk. In the late 1980s, Yeltsin told the Athens daily newspaper

1592: 1496: 1492: 8736: 14046: 602: 18446: 15875: 15653: 9650: 8981: 6448: 1883: 8378: 18481: 17734: 17504: 14251: 10008: 9767: 2188:. On the night after Yeltsin's televised address, the Supreme Soviet declared Yeltsin removed from the presidency for breaching the constitution, and Vice-president 718: 713: 595: 591: 8056: 15416: 9753: 9434: 6675: 2283:

be the principal mechanism for developing a new security order in Europe. NATO is a factor, too, of course, but NATO should evolve into a political organization."

1815: 1540: 733: 16744: 9721: 9507: 2967: 1681:

in the 1920s. In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of "political immaturity" and "absolute irresponsibility". Nobody in the Central Committee backed Yeltsin.

846: 1539:. In 1979 Yeltsin and his family moved into a five-room apartment at the Working Youth Embankment in Sverdlovsk. In February 1981, Yeltsin gave a speech to the 18486: 16421: 9795: 1635: 8700:

Mason, David S., and Svetlana Sidorenko-Stephenson. "Public opinion and the 1996 elections in Russia: Nostalgic and statist, yet pro-market and pro-Yeltsin."

3286:

Yeltsin had a high tolerance for alcohol, and by the 1980s he was drinking alcohol at or above the average for the party elite. Yeltsin's favorite writer was

15725: 12583: 2982:, claimed that her father had suffered a heart attack on the flight from the United States to Moscow and was therefore not in a position to leave the plane. 2047:

Through the 1990s, Russia's GDP fell by 50%, vast sectors of the economy were wiped out, inequality and unemployment grew dramatically, whilst incomes fell.

8934: 8781:

Rivera, David W., and Sharon Werning Rivera. "Yeltsin, Putin, and Clinton: presidential leadership and Russian democratization in comparative perspective."

6626:

Michael Laris (10 December 1999). "In China, Yeltsin Lashes Out at Clinton Criticisms of Chechen War Are Met With Blunt Reminder of Russian Nuclear Power".

18531: 18142: 17972: 12014: 9714: 3043:

claimed that on a 1995 visit to Washington, Yeltsin was found on Pennsylvania Avenue, drunk, in his underwear and trying to hail a taxi cab to find pizza.

1760: 1756: 1718: 1646: 1044: 2686: 1151:

agreements with the United States. Amid growing internal pressure, he resigned by the end of 1999 and was succeeded as president by his chosen successor,

17341: 15828: 15244: 9760: 3452:

survey carried out in 2001, over a year after Yeltsin's resignation, showed the public's mostly negative perception of the former president at the time:

2575:

his occasionally erratic behavior. When campaigning began in early 1996, Yeltsin's popularity was close to being non-existent. Meanwhile, the opposition

1546:

Yeltsin's reports to party meetings reflected the ideological conformity that was expected within the authoritarian state. Yeltsin played along with the

827: 5432: 2258:

as a saboteur of Polish aspirations for NATO membership but was regarded by domestic opponents as suborned by the United States. In Yeltsin's letter to

16587: 14221: 12062: 9827: 6431: 6243: 3792: 1583:, who in turn ruled for 15 months before his own death; Yeltsin spoke positively about Andropov. Andropov was succeeded by another short-lived leader, 18062: 18043: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16509: 14211: 10827: 9819: 8484:

Boltunova, Ekaterina. "The President has entered the building! The Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center and memorial tradition in contemporary Russia."

7001: 6971: 3938: 2437:, who controlled major stakes in several banks and the national media, emerged as one of Yeltsin's most prominent supporters. Along with Berezovsky, 10583: 3105:, publicly criticized Putin's plan as a step away from democracy in Russia and a return to the centrally-run political apparatus of the Soviet era. 14615: 14264: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 13717: 13244: 11994: 7271: 6862: 1721:. Yeltsin recovered and started intensively criticizing Gorbachev, highlighting the slow pace of reform in the Soviet Union as his major argument. 1695:

Within days, news of Yeltsin's actions leaked and rumors of his "secret speech" at the Central Committee spread throughout Moscow. Soon fabricated

6921: 880: 18266: 18052: 11561: 10046: 9851: 2134: 842: 7956: 7207: 5742: 2149:

on 26 March 1993. Yeltsin's opponents gathered more than 600 votes for impeachment but fell 72 votes short of the required two-thirds majority.

16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 15795: 14236: 13803: 11312: 11121: 8959: 6041: 3399:

In the years following his presidency, there was comparatively little interest among biographers and historians in researching Yeltsin's life.

1427: 15775: 15753: 7104: 5302: 2721:

In 1998, a political and economic crisis emerged when Yeltsin's government defaulted on its debts, causing financial markets to panic and the

1479:, General Secretary of the Communist Party, who decided that he was an appropriate choice to become First Secretary of the party's Sverdlovsk 18611: 16580: 16454: 15763: 15720: 15648: 9774: 8191: 5640: 2774:

In December, whilst visiting China to seek support on Chechnya, Yeltsin replied to Clinton's criticism of a Russian ultimatum to citizens of

1707: 1674: 1306: 6153:

Moscow Bound: Policy, Politics, and the POW/MIA Dilemma, John M. G. Brown, Veteran Press, Eureka Springs, California, US (1993), Chapter 14.

1914:

Initially, Yeltsin promoted the retention of national borders according to the pre-existing Soviet state borders, although this left ethnic

18476: 18293: 18249: 18047: 17287: 16980: 16788: 15566: 15279: 13793: 7077: 6280: 2959:, reported that Yeltsin often appeared drunk in public. His alcoholism was also the subject of media discussion following his meeting with 2845:

was awarded many important Russian government contracts. They were awarded the contracts to reconstruct, renovate and refurbish the former

2703: 1807: 1056: 18586: 8930: 8916: 8095: 5898: 18203: 16737: 16439: 15643: 13767: 12654: 10750: 9923: 8640: 5838: 2894: 1217: 3633:

January 1974 – for achievements in the construction of the first stage of cold rolling shop at the Verkh-Isetsky Metallurgical Plant in

18616: 18391: 18232: 18033: 16900: 15607: 14900: 13757: 10451: 9675: 8669:

Lane, David. "Political elites under Gorbachev and Yeltsin in the early period of transition: a reputational and analytical study." in

6027: 3610: 2114: 1799: 1744:

In another incident, Yeltsin fell from a bridge. Commenting on this event, Yeltsin hinted that he was helped to fall by the enemies of

15347: 5764:

Gerber, Theodore P.; Hout, Michael (1998). "More Shock than Therapy: Market Transition, Employment, and Income in Russia, 1991–1995".

2117:

for control over government, government policy, government banking, and property. In 1992, the speaker of the Russian Supreme Soviet,

18536: 18396: 18197: 16473: 16431: 16059: 14241: 14051: 13846: 9472: 9467: 8650: 2787: 2576: 2532: 2208: 967: 812: 2668:. In the run-off on 3 July, with a turnout of 68.9%, Yeltsin won 53.8% of the vote and Zyuganov 40.7%, with the rest (5.9%) voting " 1992:

documents from the Communist Party and KGB archives related to the intervention. A treaty of friendship was signed in May 1992 with

18601: 18521: 18170: 18099: 18003: 17277: 15284: 14185: 14135: 13798: 11831: 10639: 9592: 9580: 9439: 6309: 3125: 2706:

in November 1996, and remained in the hospital for months. During his presidency, Russia received US$ 40 billion in funds from the

2553: 1827: 1160: 908: 765: 753: 7287: 17654: 17579: 17296: 15372: 15237: 14226: 13234: 11878: 9382: 8456:

Barnes, A. "Property, Power, and the Presidency: Ownership Policy Reform and Russian Executive–Legislative Relations, 1990–1999"

3241:

that "I regard myself as a social democrat", adding: "Those who still believe in communism are moving in the sphere of fantasy."

2960: 10755: 6393: 5411: 3369:

that Yeltsin was part of "the global trend away from authoritarianism and statism" that occurred in the 1990s, comparing him to

1443:

in 1963. In April 1968, Ryabov decided to recruit Yeltsin into the regional party apparatus, proposing him for a vacancy in the

1397:

they moved through a succession of apartments. On family holidays, Yeltsin took his family to a lake in northern Russia and the

18501: 16730: 16459: 15682: 15519: 13884: 13727: 11999: 10134: 10071: 9502: 8705: 7229: 5802: 3712: 3694:(31 December 1999) – for his great personal contribution to the development and strengthening of Belarusian-Russian cooperation 3449: 1767:. On 19 July 1989, Yeltsin announced the formation of the radical pro-reform faction in the Congress of People's Deputies, the 1752: 1358: 822: 8501:

Breslauer, George W. "Personalism versus proceduralism: Boris Yeltsin and the institutional fragility of the Russian system."

3613:, 1st class (12 June 2001) – a particularly outstanding contribution to the establishment and development of the Russian state 1954: 17244: 16753: 16444: 15599: 15571: 15323: 14910: 14408: 14398: 13722: 11657: 11344: 11322: 10847: 10679: 10659: 10634: 10536: 10481: 9512: 9274: 8776: 8761: 8542: 8166:"Nationwide VCIOM Survey: In historical perspective, do you think the Yeltsin epoch brought more good or more bad to Russia?" 6895: 6456: 5860: 5288: 3953: 3708:, 1st class (22 January 2000) – for his significant personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian-Russian cooperation 12745: 8786: 5577: 3249:

in ways that did not lead to clashes with the nationalisms of other national groups within the Soviet Union. As head of the

817: 18576: 18421: 18278: 17239: 16710: 16663: 16653: 16635: 15805: 15758: 14905: 14246: 12564: 12489: 12149: 11749: 10699: 10689: 9462: 9160: 9144: 5594: 3767: 1229: 860: 8749: 8252: 6611:

Charles Babington (19 November 1999). "Clinton Spars With Yeltsin on Chechnya, President Denounces Killing of Civilians".

2346:. The incident occurred in the post-Cold War era, where many Russians were still very suspicious of the United States and 18028: 16621: 15434: 15429: 15411: 14190: 14114: 13762: 12169: 11302: 10735: 10066: 9457: 9003: 8971: 8451: 8070: 2623:

visited Moscow, where he presented Yeltsin as "an absolutely reliable partner who has always respected his commitments".

1985: 1666: 1599: 1362: 988: 807: 471: 17703: 17473: 11411: 11339: 5614: 5494: 1059:(RSFSR), becoming the first popularly-elected head of state in Russian history. Yeltsin allied with various non-Russian 18596: 18261: 18146: 17976: 16686: 15395: 15230: 14259: 14165: 13851: 13204: 12299: 11277: 11162: 11116: 11111: 11057: 10704: 10531: 9640: 9587: 9575: 9570: 9497: 8843:

Stanger, Allison K. "Courting the Generals: The Impact of Russia’s Constitutional Crisis on Yeltsin’s Foreign Policy."

8578: 8437: 8116: 3799: 3353: 3059:. In October 1999, Yeltsin was hospitalized with flu and a fever, and in the following month, he was hospitalized with 2909: 2803: 2571: 2549: 2185: 2104: 1877: 1803: 1764: 1536: 1528: 1366: 1108: 1069: 1052: 898: 832: 760: 748: 741: 188: 15481: 8858: 5520: 3544:

Another VCIOM survey, carried out in 2010, showed the continuing unpopularity of Yeltsin three years after his death:

16625: 16464: 15576: 12936: 12499: 11769: 11710: 9978: 9963: 9635: 6968: 6411: 5714: 5624: 5372: 5353: 5173: 3705: 3624: 3433: 3334: 2924:

heart attacks and, soon after, he spent months in hospital recovering from a quintuple bypass operation (see above).

1273: 1022:. After joining the Communist Party, he rose through its ranks, and in 1976 he became First Secretary of the party's 893: 875: 11507: 6500: 2078:

Some economists argue that in the 1990s, Russia suffered an economic downturn more severe than the United States or

1369:; much of the travel was achieved by hitchhiking on freight trains. It was at UPI that he began a relationship with 18561: 17462: 15715: 15467: 15328: 14595: 14216: 14006: 14001: 13985: 13955: 13928: 12639: 12634: 12129: 12092: 11821: 11267: 11024: 10725: 10709: 9983: 9728: 8645:

Jackson, Camille. "Legislation as an Indicator of Free Press in Russia: Patterns of Change from Yeltsin to Putin."

7862: 6198: 6002: 3415: 1714: 1454: 1132: 924: 16696: 12317: 12179: 11863: 8523: 5538:

Spero, Joshua (1992). "The Budapest-Prague-Warsaw triangle: Central European security after the Visegrad summit".

18227: 17301: 16706: 16649: 16639: 15748: 15690: 15289: 14308: 13359: 12740: 12669: 12569: 12447: 12219: 12209: 11796: 11183: 10932: 10862: 10613: 10496: 10491: 10097: 9916: 9532: 9527: 9482: 8013: 3778: 3421:

Ryabov, who was formerly a close ally of Yeltsin's, claimed that his actions in the 1990s revealed that he was a

3161: 1904: 1516: 1334: 1064: 1019: 529: 12134: 12021: 12009: 6821: 2814:

in 1994. None of these charges received the two-thirds majority of the Duma required to initiate the process of

1759:

as the delegate from Moscow district with a decisive 92% of the vote, and on 29 May 1989, he was elected by the

1618:

took office as the General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985; he soon promoted Yeltsin to a job in Moscow

16957: 16499: 15810: 15584: 14170: 13975: 13960: 12790: 12559: 12139: 12041: 11774: 11218: 11213: 10770: 10061: 9541: 8747:Глупость или измена? Расследование гибели СССР. (Stupidity or treason? Investigation of the death of the USSR.) 8720: 2434: 1261: 939: 12459: 12189: 11700: 11472: 8814: 1127:

which significantly expanded the powers of the president. After the crisis, Yeltsin governed the country in a

18606: 18566: 18426: 17880: 17774: 17677: 17100: 15556: 14150: 13737: 12752: 12705: 12469: 12392: 12124: 10942: 10541: 10526: 9746: 9537: 8635:

Goldgeier, James. "Bill and Boris: A Window Into a Most Important Post-Cold War Relationship (August 2018)."

6528: 5766: 3979: 2726: 2681: 1887: 1317:

and was killed. From 1945 to 1949, Yeltsin studied at the municipal secondary school number 1, also known as

1277: 960: 865: 12184: 11893: 11816: 11487: 8686:

Malinova, Olga. "Political Uses of the Great Patriotic War in Post-Soviet Russia from Yeltsin to Putin." in

6428: 6240: 983:(1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and statesman who served as the first 17381: 17270: 16494: 16351: 15790: 14590: 13893: 12770: 12730: 12700: 12649: 12509: 12427: 12423: 12294: 12224: 11989: 11806: 11572: 11467: 11399: 10852: 10817: 10807: 10765: 10578: 9690: 9492: 9402: 9338: 9284: 9228: 9195: 9117: 8066: 7809: 5953: 3642: 3025:'s face), lost his balance, and almost fell down on the podium after drinking a single glass of champagne. 2764: 1856:

voted for independence from the Soviet Union. A week later, on 8 December, Yeltsin met Ukrainian president

1310: 1260:; his mother was devout, and his father unobservant. In the years after his birth, the area was hit by the 1221: 630: 8853:

Strickland, David A. "Overriding Democracy: American Intervention in Yeltsin’s 1996 Reelection Campaign."

7887: 7009: 6099: 3167:

Yeltsin was the first Russian head of state in 113 years to be buried in a church ceremony, after Emperor

1107:

obtained most of the national property and wealth, while international monopolies dominated the market. A

540: 17411: 17007: 15686: 15634: 15272: 14632: 13742: 13214: 13209: 12926: 12604: 12332: 12077: 12036: 11980: 11883: 11764: 11722: 11627: 11152: 11106: 10832: 10745: 10598: 10471: 9612: 9449: 9375: 8794:

The Less you know, the better you sleep. Russia’s road to terror and dictatorship under Yeltsin and Putin

3943: 3750: 2707: 2636: 2500: 2486: 2350:. A full alert was passed up through the military chain of command to Yeltsin, who was notified and the " 2343: 2145:

hastily called 9th Congress of People's Deputies attempted to remove Yeltsin from the presidency through

1939: 1076: 1047:, which established his popularity as an anti-establishment figure. In 1990, he was elected chair of the 1007: 787: 693: 432: 16411: 15592: 8892: 8730: 6872: 3341: 18111: 17941: 16865: 16820: 16674: 15678: 15674: 15338: 14322: 14302: 14180: 14140: 13877: 13579: 12800: 12785: 12775: 12629: 12229: 11717: 11520: 11287: 10897: 10551: 10546: 9909: 8911: 8676:

Lynch, Allen C. "The influence of regime type on Russian foreign policy toward “the West,” 1992–2015."

8165: 8140: 3396:

regime, citing his frequent abuses of presidential power which led to hyper-presidentialism in Russia.

3272: 2742: 2647: 2603:

to acquire majority stakes in some of Russia's most valuable state-owned assets. Led by the efforts of

1684: 184: 17: 7948: 5949:

Way, Lucan. “The Evolution of Authoritarian Organization in Russia under Yeltsin and Putin.” (2008).

1771:

of Deputies, and on 29 July 1989 was elected one of the five co-chairmen of the Inter-Regional Group.

1147:

between 1994 and 1999. Internationally, Yeltsin promoted renewed collaboration with Europe and signed

18591: 18571: 18411: 15617: 15253: 14413: 14160: 14026: 13950: 13808: 13684: 13629: 13449: 12437: 12144: 11705: 11317: 11234: 10912: 8769:Расстрел «Белого дома». Чёрный октябрь 1993. (The shooting of the "White House". Black October 1993.) 5454: 3698: 3691: 3411: 3302:

Yeltsin presented himself as "a true working-class hero" when challenging the Soviet administration.

3089: 2335: 2225: 1575:, Gennadii Bogomyakov, although the Central Committee showed no concern. In 1981, he was awarded the 1084: 635:

1976–1985: First Secretary, Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

8848: 8379:"Σύνοδο Κορυφής στην Κέρκυρα -Όταν ο Ρώσος πρόεδρος Μπορίς Γιέλτσιν έγινε επίτιμος δημότης Κέρκυρας" 6726: 6051: 18581: 17920: 17641: 17429: 17347: 16850: 15524: 15514: 14425: 14420: 14119: 14021: 13922: 13434: 13001: 12264: 12154: 11908: 11452: 10927: 10877: 10516: 10506: 10275: 10036: 9477: 9311: 8092: 7112: 3719: 3199: 3191: 2126: 2110: 2024: 1532: 1156: 1112: 1048: 1040: 953: 149: 13174: 10373: 6795: 6701: 3551:

In historical perspective, do you think the Yeltsin epoch brought more good or more bad to Russia?

3231:

During the late Soviet period, Yeltsin's ideological worldview began to shift. Colton argued that

2598:

The results of the second round of the 1996 elections. Grey highlighted regions where Yeltsin won.

2594: 2402:, Yeltsin's deputy for economic policy, emerged as a leading advocate of privatization in Russia. 1103:. Economic downturn, volatility, and inflation ensued. Amid the economic shift, a small number of 17263: 15710: 15454: 15367: 15318: 15306: 14231: 14016: 12664: 12609: 12594: 12534: 12342: 12322: 12082: 11759: 11364: 10978: 10917: 10857: 10760: 10684: 10644: 10511: 10501: 10280: 10197: 10129: 10041: 9665: 9645: 9602: 9517: 8737:"The role of the transitional leader: A comparative analysis of Adolfo Suárez and Boris Yeltsin." 6773: 5394: 3407: 3218:

Shortly after the news broke, former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev issued a statement, saying:

3198:

and all entertainment programs suspended for the day. Putin said, upon declaring 25 April 2007 a

3168: 2536: 2394: 2369: 1908: 1810:(RSFSR), although Gorbachev personally pleaded with the Russian deputies not to select Yeltsin. 1543:

and on the final day of the Congress was selected to join the Communist Party Central Committee.

1524: 1257: 1096: 775: 18457:

Members of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

18452:

Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

16140: 11567: 7081: 1641:

With Gorbachev's support, in December 1985, Yeltsin was installed as the first secretary of the

1373:, a fellow student who would later become his wife. Yeltsin completed his studies in June 1955. 18376: 18094: 18080: 18066: 17998: 17819: 17574: 15800: 15785: 15561: 15545: 15529: 15496: 14895: 14356: 13910: 13454: 12958: 12352: 12026: 11502: 11262: 11257: 11050: 10882: 10694: 10265: 10112: 9889: 9368: 7215: 3657:

Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"

3620:(January 1981) – for services to the Communist Party and Soviet state and his fiftieth birthday 3254: 2074:

Crude oil prices continued to fall during the 1990s, following the trend during the late 1980s.

2052: 1558: 1124: 992: 477: 13664: 8465:

The Soldier in Russian Politics: Duty, Dictatorship, and Democracy under Gorbachev and Yeltsin

6593: 6571: 6358: 5830: 5592:Телевидение, телекоммуникации и переходный период: право, общество и национальная идентичность 2786:

On 15 May 1999, Yeltsin survived another impeachment attempt, this time by the democratic and

2503:(KAL 007) requesting information concerning possible survivors, including Georgia Congressman 16845: 16489: 16228: 16181: 15694: 15439: 14699: 14671: 14391: 14335: 14011: 13870: 13689: 12973: 12968: 12735: 12624: 12579: 12539: 12474: 12418: 12337: 12119: 11933: 11811: 11729: 11637: 11602: 11512: 11457: 11354: 11195: 10983: 10937: 10922: 10887: 10674: 10618: 10207: 9973: 9552: 8429: 7230:"Former Russian President Boris Yeltsin, who helped bring demise of Soviet Union, dead at 76" 5872: 2815: 2738: 2243: 2235: 2146: 1967: 1869: 1865: 1802:

representing Sverdlovsk with 72% of the vote. On 29 May 1990, he was elected chairman of the

1563: 1220:

governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Seeking to transform the country into a

1116: 8592: 8421: 5933: 2055:'s loose monetary policy, wiped out many people's personal savings, and tens of millions of 18516: 18467:

Candidates of the Politburo of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

18462:

Candidates of the Politburo of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

18386: 18381: 18256: 18039: 17814: 17126: 16504: 15668: 15421: 14774: 14386: 14271: 14155: 14041: 13945: 13229: 12996: 12851: 12805: 12720: 12715: 12514: 12413: 12362: 12357: 12249: 12204: 12159: 12097: 11928: 11903: 11853: 11781: 11695: 11545: 11147: 11126: 10892: 10393: 10388: 10348: 10217: 10202: 8921: 7147: 6332:

Sutela, Pekka (1994). "Insider Privatization in Russia: Speculations on Systemic Changes".

3403: 3324: 3153: 3144: 2936: 2438: 2414: 2327: 1768: 1734: 1703: 1584: 1225: 1120: 996: 457: 18472:

Members of the Secretariat of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

16406: 10162: 8470:

Bialer, Seweryn. "The Yeltsin Affair: The Dilemma of the Left in Gorbachev’s Revolution."

8332:"Книги, посвященные деятельности Б.Н.Ельцина – Уральский Центр Бориса Николаевича Ельцина" 7312: 2579:

had already gained ground in parliamentary voting on 17 December 1995, and its candidate,

1710:. Yeltsin said he would never forgive Gorbachev for this "immoral and inhuman" treatment. 1264:; throughout his childhood, Yeltsin was often hungry. In 1932, Yeltsin's parents moved to 1236:. As a prosperous farmer, Yeltsin's paternal grandfather, Ignatii, was accused of being a 8: 18320: 18273: 18090: 17900: 17895: 17849: 17829: 17733: 17569: 17559: 17503: 17322: 17159: 17148: 17090: 17033: 16875: 16830: 16796: 16692: 16603: 16378: 16213: 16176: 16015: 15980: 15948: 15179: 14533: 14175: 14036: 13674: 13589: 13584: 13484: 13347: 13144: 13028: 12943: 12831: 12684: 12679: 12659: 12644: 12554: 12549: 12454: 12387: 12377: 12289: 12284: 12274: 12174: 12114: 12087: 11913: 11898: 11868: 11846: 11632: 11622: 11349: 11272: 11242: 11226: 10837: 10812: 10608: 10593: 10192: 9932: 9562: 8489: 8331: 3902: 3743: 3393: 3246: 3097: 3047:

Starting in the last years of his presidential term, Yeltsin's primary residence was the

2985: 2846: 2661: 2458: 2418: 2275: 2231: 2197: 2138: 1504: 1318: 1036:. He later criticized the reforms as being too moderate and called for a transition to a 984: 931: 120: 78: 12529: 12442: 10323: 2794:. He was charged with several unconstitutional activities, including the signing of the 2752:, and for the fourth time, fired his entire Cabinet. In Stepashin's place, he appointed 2262:

dated 15 September 1993 he strongly favored "a pan-European security system" instead of

2203:

As the Supreme Soviet was dissolved, elections to the newly established parliament, the

1989: 1188:, then in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the 18351: 17779: 17600: 17544: 16970: 16923: 16808: 16803: 16572: 16324: 16010: 15863: 15853: 15848: 15770: 15509: 15486: 15462: 15165: 14935: 14835: 14620: 14610: 14350: 14206: 13916: 13828: 13624: 13609: 13534: 13514: 13509: 13494: 13341: 13089: 12841: 12725: 12479: 12382: 12367: 12279: 12269: 12244: 12239: 12004: 11958: 11873: 11858: 11801: 11617: 11540: 11416: 11307: 11297: 10780: 10669: 10664: 10654: 10649: 9660: 9315: 9288: 9278: 9232: 9199: 9121: 9057: 8804: 8513: 8196: 7921: 7854: 7291: 6542: 6362: 6223: 5994: 5925: 5807: 5783: 3736: 2864:, opened a bribery investigation against Mabetex, accusing its chief executive officer 2831: 2239: 2169: 2118: 1899: 1350: 1246: 1144: 1037: 870: 357: 13524: 13353: 10139: 8681: 8141:"Nationwide VCIOM Survey: What is your general attitude to Putin, Stalin and Yeltsin?" 7193: 7059: 7041: 5591: 3645:(1966) – for achievements in implementing the seven-year plan targets for construction 2759: 1131:

until 1994, as the Supreme Soviet of Russia was absent. Secessionist sentiment in the

18285: 18239: 17994: 17910: 17824: 17784: 17759: 17669: 17529: 17524: 17417: 17255: 17219: 17186: 17095: 17065: 17022: 16682: 16426: 16243: 16238: 16223: 16191: 16103: 15995: 15917: 15895: 15890: 15663: 15504: 15311: 15294: 15123: 15008: 14949: 14849: 14605: 14145: 13980: 13965: 13904: 13841: 13694: 13639: 13614: 13569: 13499: 13474: 13439: 13429: 13398: 13285: 13169: 13139: 12876: 12866: 12780: 12674: 12519: 12234: 12031: 11888: 11841: 11739: 11690: 11664: 11642: 11482: 11462: 11406: 11394: 11208: 11043: 10958: 10588: 10476: 10433: 10428: 10378: 10172: 10167: 9948: 9868: 9843: 9522: 9331: 9028: 8882: 8831: 8772: 8757: 8716: 8574: 8538: 8433: 8422: 8257: 7846: 7842: 7023: 6964: 6522: 6215: 5986: 5982: 5787: 5710: 5620: 5368: 5349: 5284: 5169: 3816: 3382: 3295: 3206:

Yeltsin's Presidency has inscribed him forever in Russian and in world history. ...

3176: 3102: 3030: 2990: 2979: 2807: 2795: 2745:"trampled upon the foundations of international law and the United Nations charter". 2588: 2474: 2462: 2446: 2430: 2351: 2339: 2292: 2189: 2091: 2008: 1976: 1959: 1891: 1873: 1631: 1615: 1588: 1587:. After his death, Yeltsin took part in the Central Committee plenum which appointed 1185: 1181: 1159:

a few months earlier. After leaving office, he kept a low profile and was accorded a

1136: 1104: 1033: 1023: 837: 517: 339: 242: 155: 13818: 13489: 7237: 6259: 6227: 2665: 18192: 18183: 17915: 17905: 17834: 17799: 17687: 17682: 17636: 17626: 17605: 17587: 17564: 17369: 17180: 17170: 17165: 17153: 17080: 17060: 17055: 17017: 16943: 16938: 16815: 16416: 16401: 16285: 16265: 16074: 16042: 16000: 15990: 15953: 15912: 15858: 15838: 15705: 15700: 15491: 15444: 15377: 15267: 15207: 15199: 15185: 15171: 15157: 15143: 15129: 15115: 15109: 15101: 15095: 15087: 15073: 15059: 15033: 15022: 15014: 15000: 14986: 14968: 14955: 14941: 14927: 14890: 14863: 14855: 14841: 14827: 14813: 14799: 14780: 14766: 14747: 14733: 14719: 14705: 14691: 14677: 14663: 14657: 14649: 14600: 14553: 14547: 14539: 14525: 14501: 14286: 14031: 13604: 13529: 13459: 13444: 13424: 13371: 13154: 13149: 13129: 13079: 13069: 12896: 12861: 12846: 12795: 12524: 12464: 12304: 11963: 11943: 11652: 11594: 11588: 11555: 11535: 11525: 11374: 11175: 11167: 10907: 10775: 10408: 10313: 10260: 10182: 10117: 9998: 9607: 9487: 8623: 8607: 8403: 7838: 7233: 6953: 6341: 6207: 6077: 5978: 5917: 5775: 5547: 4019: 4007: 3930: 3916: 3874: 3729: 3374: 3346: 3014: 2927: 2749: 2695: 2580: 2470: 2442: 2255: 2200:(parliament building). The attack killed 187 people and wounded almost 500 others. 2087: 2083: 2040: 1993: 1724: 1689: 1547: 1512: 781: 135: 130: 125: 16933: 15390: 8052: 5669: 3186:

Vladimir Putin, Bill Clinton, and George H. W. Bush appeared at Yeltsin's funeral.

3108:

In September 2005, Yeltsin underwent a hip operation in Moscow after breaking his

2997: 2250:. There is some question as to the involvement of his Minister of Foreign Affairs 18222: 18072: 18020: 17925: 17890: 17885: 17875: 17844: 17839: 17789: 17754: 17646: 17554: 17549: 17399: 17393: 17387: 17329: 17225: 17214: 17192: 17085: 16825: 16645: 16290: 16280: 16233: 16186: 16171: 16069: 16037: 15985: 15963: 15905: 15900: 15885: 15880: 15868: 15843: 15449: 15081: 15053: 15047: 15041: 14994: 14974: 14685: 14625: 14561: 14488: 14478: 14468: 14343: 14329: 14314: 13823: 13679: 13669: 13654: 13634: 13619: 13594: 13539: 13304: 13272: 13164: 13124: 12886: 12881: 12821: 12762: 12494: 12372: 12199: 12164: 12072: 12067: 11791: 11685: 11359: 11292: 11282: 11247: 11203: 11190: 11142: 10973: 10963: 10822: 10730: 10051: 10026: 10003: 8753: 8099: 8061: 7903: 6435: 6287: 6247: 6046: 5913: 5729: 5407: 3157: 3002: 2975: 2971: 2939: 2865: 2826: 2713: 2643: 2523: 2466: 2454: 2399: 2306: 2302: 2079: 1963: 1857: 1832: 1658: 1623: 1488: 1476: 1346: 1140: 16722: 11786: 10318: 8448:

Russia's capitalist revolution: why market reform succeeded and democracy failed

7324: 7259: 6975: 6429:

CNN Interactive: Pivotal Elections: Russian Elections; Candidates: Boris Yeltsin

5616:

Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis

3378: 3075: 2331: 1793: 1381:), and in June 1957 was promoted again, to the position of work superintendent ( 18552:

Recipients of the Order of Saint Righteous Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, 1st class

18300: 17870: 17804: 17794: 17769: 17764: 17664: 17621: 17595: 17534: 17437: 17405: 17355: 17315: 17202: 17175: 17070: 17039: 17012: 16997: 16928: 16918: 16913: 16779: 16702: 16659: 16631: 16356: 16334: 16295: 16275: 16218: 16196: 16113: 16064: 15958: 15400: 15357: 15137: 15067: 15027: 14807: 14793: 14760: 14755: 14727: 14713: 14519: 14509: 14473: 13649: 13574: 13564: 13559: 13419: 13159: 12948: 12871: 12599: 12504: 12254: 12194: 11826: 11744: 11647: 11607: 11577: 11477: 11432: 10998: 10902: 10418: 10398: 10177: 9958: 9875: 9835: 9646:

Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin

9242: 8991: 8889:

A Man Of Change – A study of the political life of Boris Yeltsin

8746: 8530: 8284: 8262: 7883: 6641: 6173: 5894: 3958: 3948: 3617: 3370: 3356: 3291: 3172: 3080: 2963: 2932: 2854: 2768: 2753: 2504: 2251: 2247: 2048: 2036: 2032: 1576: 1471: 1420: 1370: 1233: 1193: 1152: 1128: 1100: 1080: 493: 388: 210: 31: 16135: 8905: 8310: 6345: 6211: 5551: 5384: 3182: 3055:

west of Moscow. He made frequent stays at the nearby government sanatorium in

2615: 2070: 1249:), but Ignatii himself was not; he and his wife, Anna, were exiled in 1934 to 1111:

emerged in 1993 after Yeltsin ordered the unconstitutional dissolution of the

18497:

Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

18370: 18086: 17865: 17809: 17749: 17519: 17208: 17197: 17027: 16880: 16870: 16860: 16855: 16329: 16270: 16047: 16005: 15362: 15352: 14821: 14788: 14483: 14281: 13970: 13813: 13659: 13554: 13519: 13504: 13464: 13006: 12836: 12574: 12484: 12347: 12327: 12214: 11975: 11953: 11918: 11497: 11492: 11447: 11369: 11329: 11078: 11003: 10993: 10988: 10872: 10740: 10423: 10403: 10363: 10338: 10295: 10237: 10227: 10056: 9669: 9419: 9352: 8479:

Russian Politics in Transition: Institutional Conflict in a Nascent Democracy

7850: 7810:

The Evolution of Authoritarian Organization in Russia under Yeltsin and Putin

5990: 5739:"Foreign Affairs – Why Yeltsin Won: A Russian Tammany Hall – Daniel Treisman" 5598: 3888: 3830: 3774: 3634: 3437: 3389: 3287: 3278: 3139: 3130: 3010: 2949: 2920: 2861: 2838: 2722: 2651: 2604: 2558: 2450: 2130: 2028: 1997: 1622:

Gorbachev was interested in reforming the Soviet Union and, at the urging of

1580: 1572: 1508: 1338: 1213: 1092: 1088: 1003: 428: 15222: 8611: 7827:"Presidential Popularity in a Hybrid Regime: Russia under Yeltsin and Putin" 5967:"Presidential Popularity in a Hybrid Regime: Russia under Yeltsin and Putin" 3676:

Soviet Union: Gold Medal, Exhibition of Economic Achievements (October 1981)

3664:

Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"

3022: 2626: 2570:

In February 1996, Yeltsin announced that he would seek a second term in the

1551:

published in the country and also claimed to have read an illegally printed

18341: 18058: 18024: 17659: 17142: 17105: 17002: 16908: 16890: 16885: 16052: 15193: 15151: 14963: 14741: 14514: 14276: 13862: 13599: 13549: 13479: 13469: 13323: 13311: 13298: 13104: 12931: 12432: 11680: 11530: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11085: 10867: 10486: 10413: 10368: 10102: 9993: 9968: 9617: 9596: 9299: 9266: 9220: 9174: 9164: 9152: 9101: 9089: 9047: 6219: 3844: 3406:, to mixed reactions. At the memorial service, a military chorus performed 3250: 3040: 3018: 2889:

Boris Yeltsin's 1999 New Year Address in which he announced his resignation

2799: 2691: 2611: 2386: 2259: 2122: 2062: 2012: 1848:

where the latter unambiguously condemned the Soviet intervention in 1968.

1841: 1678: 1627: 1269: 1250: 1228:

doctrine, in the late 1920s Stalin's government had initiated a project of

1189: 1148: 792: 769: 315: 257: 221: 114: 18527:

Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 1st class

8520:

Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin: political leadership in Russia's transition

8510:

Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin: political leadership in Russia's transition

6377: 2363: 1665:

On 27 October 1987 at the plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the

18310: 17375: 17362: 17309: 17075: 16965: 16396: 16373: 15833: 15385: 14440: 13644: 13249: 13219: 13074: 13064: 12963: 12826: 12619: 12108: 11938: 11923: 11734: 11582: 11550: 11437: 11252: 11157: 11096: 10466: 10353: 10328: 10270: 10232: 10222: 10092: 9684: 8821:

The Strategy of Campaigning: Lessons from Ronald Reagan and Boris Yeltsin

8558:

Depoy, Erik. "Boris Yeltsin and the 1996 Russian presidential election."

7169: 6479: 6162:

ICAO State Letter LE 4/19.4 – 93/68 (Summary of Findings and Conclusions)

6030:. National Security Archive. George Washington University. 16 March 2018. 3961:, film based upon the story of American consultants advising the campaign 3410:– an anthem that was changed shortly after the end of Yeltsin's term, to 3237: 2620: 2527: 2492: 2016: 1745: 1713:

Yeltsin was demoted to the position of First Deputy Commissioner for the

1342: 1060: 1028: 18141: 17971: 8828:

Mythmaking in the new Russia: politics and memory during the Yeltsin era

8563: 7858: 7826: 5998: 5966: 5954:

https://kellogg.nd.edu/sites/default/files/old_files/documents/352_0.pdf

5929: 2066:

Most of Yeltsin's time as president was plagued by economic contraction.

1728:

Boris Yeltsin as candidate for the Congress of People's Deputies in 1989

18492:

Heads of government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

17692: 17539: 17111: 16260: 16032: 15780: 14980: 14124: 13403: 13114: 13084: 13038: 12953: 12921: 12913: 12856: 12544: 12259: 11948: 11836: 11442: 10968: 10842: 10456: 10242: 10187: 10157: 10087: 9656:

Tennis Academy, named after the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin

9132: 9013: 8939: 7749: 7108: 7078:"Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin Speak out Against Putin's Reforms" 6505: 5613:

Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.; Sullivan, Paige (1997).

3983: 3319: 3064: 2850: 2791: 2730: 2669: 2204: 2173: 2165: 1919: 1782:. Leon Aron, quoting a Yeltsin associate, wrote in his 2000 biography, 698: 524: 400: 262: 12057: 9901: 3096:

resulting from a viral infection. On 13 September 2004, following the

1610: 1605: 1192:. His family, who were ethnic Russians, had lived in this area of the 995:, during which time he was viewed as being ideologically aligned with 13699: 13544: 13393: 13366: 13179: 13134: 13043: 13011: 12991: 12983: 12312: 12102: 11008: 10802: 10521: 10461: 10343: 9953: 7907: 6867: 5921: 3330: 3195: 3093: 3060: 2974:, Ireland, in September 1994, when the waiting Irish prime minister, 1579:

for his work. The following year, Brezhnev died and was succeeded by

1409: 1398: 1290: 1286: 1015: 6509:. 10 September 1999. Archived from the original on 25 September 2000 4231: 2168:

developed in Russia. From July, two separate administrations of the

916: 14495: 14435: 14430: 13278: 13119: 13016: 12891: 12710: 12614: 11754: 11612: 11066: 10358: 10333: 10290: 10124: 10107: 10031: 8233: 7635: 7313:

Vladimir Putin`s Address on the Occasion of Boris Yelstin’s Passing

7211: 6560:"Yeltsin Warns of European War Over Kosovo". Reuters. 9 April 1999. 5859:

Executive decree authority, by John M. Carey & Matthew Soberg,

5779: 4307: 3798:

Greece: Chevalier of the Order of the Chain of the Holy Sepulchre (

3458:

Nationwide VCIOM Survey: What is your general attitude to Yeltsin?

3422: 3307: 3232: 3113: 3056: 2811: 2656: 2646:, who finished in third place in the first round, secretary of the 2563: 2398:

economy to make way for "free market reforms". In the early 1990s,

2298: 2177: 2157: 2141:, widely seen as a compromise figure, was confirmed in the office. 2056: 1980: 1915: 1775: 1774:

On 16 September 1989, Yeltsin toured a medium-sized grocery store (

1697: 1553: 1328: 1314: 1302: 1180:

Boris Yeltsin was born on 1 February 1931 in the village of Butka,

12398:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

8551:

Colton, Timothy J. "Boris Yeltsin, Russia's all-thumbs democrat."

7949:"Reactions to a New Yeltsin Memorial, as to His Legacy, Are Mixed" 7137: 4572: 4387: 3448:

Yeltsin's legacy has remained a controversial topic in Russia. A

1897:

On 17 December, in a meeting with Yeltsin, Gorbachev accepted the

1466: 1297:

combine project. In July 1944, they had a third child, Valentina.

1200: 18244: 16166: 15943: 15299: 13224: 13109: 13099: 13048: 12589: 11334: 10285: 6125: 4656: 4612: 4524: 4479: 4477: 3991: 3837: 2842: 2086:. Russian commentators and even some Western economists, such as 1923: 1861: 1853: 1662:

Politburo. Gorbachev phoned Yeltsin and asked him to reconsider.

1281: 1242: 18442:

Members of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union

9360: 8813:. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999. 8729:(2015), detailed popular biography based on numerous interviews 8229: 6961:Елена Трегубова. Байки кремлевского диггера. Москва. Ad Marginem 4765: 4194: 3388:

Observers have described Russia's government under Yeltsin as a

2393:

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin promoted

1638:, a move approved by the Central Committee plenum in July 1985. 1630:

flat at 54 Second Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street, where his daughter

1313:, during which Yeltsin's paternal uncle, Andrian, served in the 1119:

him. The crisis ended after troops loyal to Yeltsin stormed the

16312: 16130: 16091: 14458: 14381: 13292: 13094: 13033: 11968: 10212: 8943: 7704: 7702: 7592: 6103: 5641:"End of the Soviet Union: Text of Gorbachev's Farewell Address" 5303:"Gorbachev Accuses Former Ally of Putting Ambition Above Party" 4178: 4123: 4057: 4055: 3298:. Colton described Yeltsin as having a "husky baritone" voice. 3156:

on 25 April 2007, following a period during which his body had

3149: 2955: 2830:

Yeltsin on the day of his resignation, together with Putin and

2775: 2356: 1927: 1845: 1739: 1439: 1294: 289:

Himself (as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR)

18542:

Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class

8925: 4703: 4628: 4556: 4540: 4508: 4474: 4458: 4415: 3924: 3175:, whom he married in 1956, and their two daughters Yelena and 1535:. Also in 1978, Yeltsin was elected without opposition to the 13777: 13733:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

13239: 13022: 11101: 8768: 8598:

Evans, Alfred B. (1994). "Yel'tsin and Russian Nationalism".

4371: 4291: 4275: 4259: 3851: 3823: 3148:, the onset of Yeltsin's condition began during his visit to 3109: 3052: 1794:

President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

1779: 1445: 1426:

Within the local Communist Party, Yeltsin gained a patron in

1354: 1322: 1265: 1237: 1011: 8472:

Politics, Society, and Nationality Inside Gorbachev’s Russia

7726: 7714: 7699: 7342: 5700: 5698: 5612: 5329:"Critic of Gorbachev Offers to Resign His Moscow Party Post" 4083: 4052: 3116:. On 1 February 2006, Yeltsin celebrated his 75th birthday. 2639:

loan to Russia, which helped to keep his government afloat.

1593:

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

14403: 13317: 13199: 11091: 11035: 8285:"Одна из улиц Екатеринбурга названа в честь Бориса Ельцина" 6667: 5455:"Boris Yeltsin, Russia's First Post-Soviet Leader, Is Dead" 5160: 5158: 5156: 4828: 3650:

Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"

3630:

August 1971 – for services in carrying out a five-year plan

2734: 2347: 2297:

In December 1994, Yeltsin ordered the military invasion of

2280: 2263: 9651:

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after Boris Yeltsin

7910:. Journal of Democracy. 11. 32–39. 10.1353/jod.2000.0026. 6699: 6306:"Foreign Affairs – Blaming Russia First – Daniel Treisman" 5099: 3142:

on 23 April 2007, aged 76. According to experts quoted by

2417:

tribune during the celebration of the 50th anniversary of

18417:

Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from atheism or agnosticism

17735:

26th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

17505:

27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

13772: 13752: 13747: 10009:

Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe

9988: 8801:

Russia lost in transition: the Yeltsin and Putin legacies

7613: 7611: 7483: 6863:"The sober truth behind Boris Yeltsin's drinking problem" 5695: 5281:

Moscow 25 December 1991: The Last Day of the Soviet Union

5230: 5179: 5111: 5031: 5019: 3092:. In January 2001 he was hospitalized for six weeks with 2841:

as the Kremlin property manager, Swiss construction firm

1276:

state security services arrested Nikolai, accused him of

1170: 16602: 15417:

Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

8311:"ВЗГЛЯД / Уральскому университету присвоено имя Ельцина" 7623: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7449: 7447: 5425:"When Boris Yeltsin went grocery shopping in Clear Lake" 5220: 5218: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5089: 5087: 5085: 4672: 4347: 3756:

Mongolia: Order "For Personal Courage" (18 October 2001)

3671:

Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"

1816:

28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

1748:, but his opponents suggested that he was simply drunk. 570:

Yeltsin's 1999 New Year's address and resignation speech

18437:

Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union

16449: 8917:

CNN Cold War – Profile: Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

8125:: The Russian Kleptocracy and Rise of Organized Crime," 7408: 7398: 7396: 7371: 7369: 7042:"BBC News – Europe – Yeltsin attacks Putin over anthem" 6774:"How Boris Yeltsin, Russia's first president, resigned" 5683: 5048: 5046: 4983: 4971: 4937: 4935: 4922: 4920: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4864: 4840: 4818: 4816: 4789: 4777: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4498: 4496: 4436: 4434: 4323: 4247: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4156: 4154: 2660:, one of them being his chief of presidential security 1673:

would decide whether he should resign from the post of

1527:

and attended its field exercises. In October 1978, the

1175: 17285: 8664:

Japanese-Russian Relations Under Gorbachev and Yeltsin

7994: 7766: 7608: 7582: 7580: 7543: 7541: 7330: 6922:"Office party: The top ten worse for wear politicians" 6702:"Swiss investigators order arrest of top Yeltsin aide" 6394:"Russia and I.M.F. Agree On a Loan for $ 10.2 Billion" 4139: 4099: 2517:

Sen. Jesse Helms, writing to Yeltsin, 10 December 1991

1933: 1657:

On 10 September 1987, after a lecture from hard-liner

18512:

People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union

8713:

Post-Soviet Russia: a journey through the Yeltsin era

8657:

Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin: Neo-Liberal Autocracy

8031: 7922:

Russia’s Constitutional Dictatorship: A Brief History

7687: 7675: 7663: 7553: 7519: 7495: 7471: 7459: 7444: 7002:"Secret interviews add insight to Clinton presidency" 6847:

Jerrold M. Post, "Boris Yeltsin: against the grain."

6721: 6719: 6149: 6147: 5254: 5242: 5215: 5203: 5191: 5136: 5082: 5070: 5007: 4995: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4600: 4588: 1043:. In 1987 he was the first person to resign from the 903: 18557:

Resigned Communist Party of the Soviet Union members

18432:

Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union

18407:

Candidates in the 1996 Russian presidential election

18402:

Candidates in the 1991 Russian presidential election

8589:

Boris Yeltsin and Russia's democratic transformation

7928: 7790: 7778: 7754: 7432: 7420: 7393: 7381: 7366: 7354: 7272:

Tony Halpin. "Yeltsin, the man who buried communism"

6896:"Understanding the news this week 26 September 2009" 6822:"BBC News – Russia crisis – Yeltsin's health record" 6753: 6741: 5608: 5606: 5521:"1990: Yeltsin resignation splits Soviet Communists" 5058: 5043: 4959: 4947: 4932: 4917: 4888: 4876: 4852: 4813: 4801: 4748: 4736: 4719: 4493: 4431: 4359: 4335: 4210: 4166: 4151: 3864: 3352:

Evaluations of Yeltsin are highly polarized. Former

3112:

in a fall while on holiday in the Italian island of

3009:

According to former deputy prime minister of Russia

2748:

On 9 August 1999, Yeltsin fired his Prime Minister,

1996:'s Poland, and then another one in August 1992 with 1212:

The Soviet Union was then under the dictatorship of

1123:

and stopped an armed uprising; he then introduced a

1045:

Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

1026:

committee. Yeltsin was initially a supporter of the

18547:

Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour

15829:

Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh

9430:

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR

8881:. (New York: Times Books, 1994), a primary source. 7651: 7577: 7565: 7538: 4111: 4071: 3152:between 25 March and 2 April. He was buried in the 1606:

1985: relocation to Moscow to become Head of Gorkom

1523:Yeltsin sat on the civil-military collegium of the 1072:, which critics claimed to be pervasively corrupt. 16769:. Questionable heads of government are written in 8874:. (London: Jonathan Cape, 1990), a primary source. 8630:Routledge Handbook of Russian Politics and Society 7507: 6716: 6480:"Yeltsin, "The Family" and the Bureaucratic Mafia" 6376: 6241:CNN, Russian presidential candidate profiles, 1906 6144: 5803:"Yeltsin Deputy Calls Reforms 'Economic Genocide'" 5578:"Boris Yeltsin, the Soviet Union, the CIS, and Me" 4684: 4644: 4446: 4403: 3793:Order of Saint Blessed Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy 3190:President Putin declared the day of his funeral a 2635:benefited from the approval of a US$ 10.2 billion 2413:Boris Yeltsin and the country's leadership on the 1410:1960–1975: early membership of the Communist Party 1018:. He worked in construction after studying at the 18447:Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 16752: 8935:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 8192:"Europe: Russia: An Honor And A Barb For Yeltsin" 6771: 6610: 6572:"Yeltsin warns of possible world war over Kosovo" 6543:"Yeltsin: Russia will not use force against Nato" 6449:"Lee Hockstader, Washington Post Foreign Service" 5603: 2650:, sacked at the latter's behest defense minister 1757:Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union 18482:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Cross of Vytis 18368: 14616:United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay 13718:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 8926:Net-Film Newsreels and Documentary Films Archive 8690:(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017) pp. 43–70. 7925:, 29 U. MIA Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 192 (2021) 7315:Kremlin, 23 April 2007. Retrieved: 24 April 2007 7080:. MosNews.com. 16 September 2004. Archived from 7024:"BBC News – Europe – Yeltsin rushed to hospital" 3939:History of Russia (1991–present)#"Shock therapy" 2098: 1329:1949–1960: university and career in construction 12155:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 11562:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 10047:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union 6860: 6194: 2914: 2698:(middle) in Helsinki, Finland on March 21, 1997 2338:. The Russians were alerted that it might be a 1467:1976–1985: First Secretary of Sverdlovsk Oblast 1333:In September 1949, Yeltsin was admitted to the 706: 10828:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria 8742:3.4 (2007): 419–432; compares Suárez of Spain. 8727:Boris Yeltsin: The Decade that Shook the World 8618:Forden, Geoffrey. "Reducing a Common Danger." 8412: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8214: 5893: 5670:"Исполнитель. Несколько слов о Борисе Ельцине" 5358: 5339: 3418:, with lyrics reflecting Russia's new status. 2480: 2216:establishment of a super-presidential system. 2023:On 2 January 1992, Yeltsin, acting as his own 1821: 1818:, some of whom responded by shouting "Shame!" 1437:, who became the first secretary of the party 1389:) and in January 1960 was made head engineer ( 18507:People of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 18487:Heads of government of the Russian Federation 18127: 17957: 17719: 17489: 17271: 16738: 16588: 15252: 15238: 13878: 11051: 9917: 9376: 8688:War and Memory in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus 8014:"The Yeltsin Monument and National Arrogance" 7102: 7060:"BBC News – Europe – Yeltsin leaves hospital" 6695: 6693: 6625: 6477: 6072:Geoffrey Forden, "Reducing a Common Danger." 5828: 5732:, "Why Yeltsin Won: A Russian Tammany Hall", 5283:. pp. 71, 74, 81. Transworld Ireland (2011); 3711:Italy: Knight Grand Cross with collar of the 3323:Yeltsin's tomb with monumental gravestone at 2966:following Clinton's inauguration in 1993 and 2781: 2543: 2522:In March 1992, Yeltsin handed over KAL 007's 2364:Privatization and the rise of "the oligarchs" 2156:Yeltsin during the signature ceremony of the 1708:First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party 1675:First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party 1307:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization 961: 688: 13892: 13794:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 11345:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 8756:М.: Форум, Крымский мост-9Д, 2011. – 864 с. 8568: 7732: 7720: 7708: 7348: 6700:Ian Traynor, Peter Capella (February 2000). 5873:"Russian Constitution Section One Chapter 4" 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 4038:Several Slavic languages render the name as 2540:(1,368 km) east of Moscow, is unknown. 2526:without its tapes to South Korean President 2473:, were habitually mentioned in the media as 2334:caused a high alert in Russia, known as the 2321: 2279:expansion of NATO.. it’s important that the 1814:dramatic speech before party members at the 1808:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1798:On 4 March 1990, Yeltsin was elected to the 1256:As an infant, Yeltsin was christened in the 1057:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 378:23 December 1985 – 11 November 1987 366:Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party 91:25 December 1991 – 31 December 1999 30:"Yeltsin" redirects here. For the name, see 18532:Recipients of the Order of Francysk Skaryna 12655:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 9508:"Circling over Shannon" diplomatic incident 8695:The collapse of the Soviet Union, 1985–1991 8247: 8245: 8243: 8211: 7814:Kellogg Institute for International Studies 7290:(in Russian). 23 April 2007. Archived from 6893: 5951:Kellogg Institute for International Studies 5709:. London: Macmillan Press. pp. 17–18. 3795:, 1st class (Russian Orthodox Church, 2006) 3443: 2860:In 1998, the prosecutor general of Russia, 1063:leaders and was instrumental in the formal 847:"Circling over Shannon" diplomatic incident 18134: 18120: 17964: 17950: 17726: 17712: 17496: 17482: 17278: 17264: 16745: 16731: 16595: 16581: 15245: 15231: 13885: 13871: 13758:United States involvement in regime change 11313:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 11058: 11044: 9924: 9910: 9383: 9369: 8109: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6690: 6290:// The Wall Street Journal, 24 апреля 2007 6274: 6260:"Gennady Zyuganov candidate profile, 1996" 6022: 6020: 5763: 5664: 5662: 3063:, just days after receiving treatment for 2164:During the summer of 1993, a situation of 2109:Throughout 1992 Yeltsin wrestled with the 1311:Soviet involvement in the Second World War 1280:, and sentenced him to three years in the 987:from 1991 to 1999. He was a member of the 968: 954: 346:of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR) 56: 16060:Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh 15744:Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas 9473:State Committee on the State of Emergency 8845:Russia and Eastern Europe After Communism 8518:Brown, Archie, and Lilia Shevtsova, eds. 6299:Daniel Treisman, "Blaming Russia First", 6171: 5815: 5386:Boris Yeltsin Visits Johns Hopkins – 1989 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 4020:[bɐˈrʲisnʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕˈjelʲtsɨn] 3070: 2675: 2533:International Civil Aviation Organization 2082:had undergone six decades earlier in the 1393:) of Construction Directorate Number 13. 15567:2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes 15285:Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia 14186:Domodedovo International Airport bombing 14115:1995 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis 8863:Talbott, Strobe. "Clinton and Yeltsin." 8240: 8183: 7908:The Problem of Executive Power in Russia 7824: 7139:У первого президента не выдержало сердце 6586: 6564: 6553: 6126:"Двойник Ельцина выразил соболезнования" 5964: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5531: 5486: 3773:International Olympic Committee: Golden 3725:Palestine: Order "Bethlehem 2000" (2000) 3340: 3329: 3318: 3181: 3129: 3126:Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin 3074: 3033:in February 1999 to use the facilities. 2996: 2984: 2931:Boris and Naina Yeltsina with President 2926: 2893:On 31 December 1999, during a televised 2876: 2825: 2758: 2712: 2685: 2654:, and on 20 June sacked a number of his 2625: 2593: 2557: 2554:Boris Yeltsin 1996 presidential campaign 2408: 2373: 2151: 2069: 2061: 2002: 1953: 1944: 1882: 1831: 1828:Boris Yeltsin 1991 presidential campaign 1723: 1683: 1609: 1470: 1199: 234:10 July 1991 – 25 December 1991 15048: 14975: 11884:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 10452:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation 9931: 7325:"In quotes: Reactions to Yeltsin death" 7208:"Former Russian President Yeltsin dies" 6940: 6665: 6535: 6392:Gordon, Michael R. (23 February 1996). 6374: 6017: 5659: 5580:. The Wilson Quarterly / Wilson Center. 5575: 5300: 3766:Russia: Gorchakov Commemorative Medal ( 3314: 3290:, although he also enjoyed the work of 3179:, born in 1957 and 1960, respectively. 2690:Yeltsin (right) meeting with President 1800:Congress of People's Deputies of Russia 991:from 1961 to 1990. He later stood as a 14: 18369: 16436:2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping 15659:Allegations of third-party involvement 15608:July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 15553:September 2009 Agdam military incident 15520:1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown 13728:Russian espionage in the United States 12000:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 10135:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 10072:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 8569:Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). 8529: 8051: 8000: 7934: 7796: 7784: 7760: 7693: 7681: 7669: 7645: 7629: 7617: 7602: 7559: 7532: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7465: 7453: 7438: 7336: 7132: 7130: 6772:Sinelschikova, E. (31 December 2019). 6759: 6747: 6412:"10.2 Billion Loan To Russia Approved" 6391: 6378:"When the US swung a Russian election" 6368: 6331: 5800: 5397:from the original on 20 December 2021. 5365:The Strange Death of the Soviet Empire 5346:The Strange Death of the Soviet Empire 5326: 5266: 5260: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5209: 5197: 5185: 5147: 5117: 5105: 5093: 5076: 5064: 5052: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4965: 4953: 4941: 4926: 4911: 4899: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4846: 4834: 4822: 4807: 4795: 4783: 4771: 4759: 4742: 4730: 4713: 4678: 4666: 4638: 4622: 4582: 4566: 4550: 4534: 4518: 4502: 4487: 4468: 4440: 4425: 4397: 4381: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4301: 4285: 4269: 4253: 4241: 4225: 4204: 4188: 4172: 4160: 4145: 4133: 4117: 4105: 4093: 4077: 4065: 3713:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 3580: 3526: 3037:the operation was to reduce the pain. 2219: 2184:on a new constitution, triggering the 1171:Early life, education and early career 18115: 17945: 17707: 17477: 17259: 16726: 16576: 15324:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan 15226: 13866: 13723:Soviet espionage in the United States 11879:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 11658:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 11323:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 11039: 10482:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights 9905: 9364: 8597: 8458:Communist and Post-Communist Politics 8189: 7831:American Journal of Political Science 7426: 7414: 7402: 7387: 7375: 7360: 6796:"Public opinion on the Yeltsin years" 5971:American Journal of Political Science 5801:Bohlen, Celestine (9 February 1992). 5704: 5689: 5558: 5537: 5492: 4018: 3954:Someone Still Loves You Boris Yeltsin 2821: 2186:constitutional crisis of October 1993 2135:president of the Constitutional Court 1706:before he was fired from the post of 27:President of Russia from 1991 to 1999 18612:Deaths from congestive heart failure 16604:Presidents of the Russian Federation 15806:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians 15550:January 2009 Agdam military incident 15280:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920) 13799:Soviet Union–United States relations 12150:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 9803:Boris Yeltsin. Retreat is Impossible 9237:25 December 1991 – 31 December 1999 9008:23 December 1985 – 11 November 1987 8847:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 297–313. 8771:– М.: «Книжный мир», 2014. – 640 с. 8678:Communist and Post-Communist Studies 8628:Gill, Graeme. "The Yeltsin Era." in 8419: 7977: 7946: 7772: 7657: 7641: 7598: 7586: 7571: 7547: 7513: 7288:"President's decree of mourning day" 6028:"NATO Expansion: What Yeltsin Heard" 5841:from the original on 27 January 2017 5483:. Harper Collins, 2000. pp. 739–740. 5301:Taubman, Philip (13 November 1987). 4709: 4697: 4662: 4650: 4634: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4578: 4562: 4546: 4530: 4514: 4483: 4464: 4452: 4421: 4409: 4393: 4377: 4313: 4297: 4281: 4265: 4237: 4200: 4184: 4129: 4089: 4061: 3598: 3119: 2903: 2254:, who in August 1993 was painted by 1652: 1475:In 1976, Yeltsin was interviewed by 1176:1931–1948: childhood and adolescence 1161:state funeral upon his death in 2007 207:Alexander Rutskoy (acting, disputed) 18477:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 15435:Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli 15430:1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown 15412:1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown 14191:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing 13763:Soviet involvement in regime change 9180:6 November 1991 – 25 December 1991 8811:Yeltsin's Russia: Myths and Reality 7744:Michael McFaul, "Yeltsin's Legacy" 7194:"Russian ex-president Yeltsin dies" 7127: 7103:Yulia Osipova (19 September 2005). 7008:. 21 September 2009. Archived from 6594:"Russia Condemns NATO's Airstrikes" 5495:"Yeltsin Wins Presidency of Russia" 3611:Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 3194:, with the nation's flags flown at 1986:1956 Soviet intervention in Hungary 1934:President of the Russian Federation 1918:as a majority in parts of northern 1788:Against the Grain: An Autobiography 1491:, who then led the Soviet Union as 989:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 472:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 328:29 May 1990 – 10 July 1991 24: 18147:1996 Russian presidential election 17977:1991 Russian presidential election 14151:2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis 13804:Soviet Union–United States summits 11278:1947 Polish parliamentary election 11163:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 9782:Boris Yeltsin. Farewell to the Era 9641:Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library 9498:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 8907:Boris Yeltsin's resignation speech 8671:Patterns in Post-Soviet Leadership 8553:Patterns in post-Soviet leadership 8474:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 91–119. 8261:. 23 December 1998. Archived from 8093:"U.S. Must Ease Away From Yeltsin" 7865:from the original on 24 March 2023 7174:(in Russian). Lenta. 23 April 2007 6642:"Yeltsin survives impeachment bid" 6005:from the original on 24 March 2023 5481:Boris Yeltsin A Revolutionary Life 5166:Boris Yeltsin A Revolutionary Life 5131:Boris Yeltsin A Revolutionary Life 3800:Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem 3728:France: Knight Grand Cross of the 3359:emphasizes the range pro and con: 3354:United States Ambassador to Russia 2910:Electoral history of Boris Yeltsin 2572:1996 Russian presidential election 2550:1996 Russian presidential election 2192:was sworn in as acting president. 2105:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 1958:Yeltsin shortly after signing the 1949: 1878:Commonwealth of Independent States 1765:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 1636:CPSU Central Committee Secretariat 180:(as President of the Russian SFSR) 25: 18628: 18617:20th-century presidents in Europe 18392:20th-century presidents of Russia 15600:2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 15577:2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 15572:2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 15382:Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988) 14911:Islamic State – Caucasus Province 12565:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 12500:United States invasion of Grenada 11770:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 11711:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 9979:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda 9964:Criticism of communist party rule 9636:Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center 9425:Moscow City Committee of the CPSU 9390: 9149:Council of Ministers – Government 8922:Archival footage of Boris Yeltsin 8899: 8673:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 29–47. 8600:The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 8571:Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin 8555:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 49–74. 8505:(Routledge, 2018) pp. 35–58. 8477:Biryukov, N., & S. Sergeyev. 7978:Levy, Clifford J. (14 May 2008). 7959:from the original on 24 July 2016 7260:Yeltsin to lie in state in Moscow 6894:Tom Whipple (25 September 2009). 6727:"Transcripts of 'Insight' on CNN" 6668:"Bid to Impeach Yeltsin Defeated" 6050:. 16 January 1995. Archived from 5899:"The Rise of Illiberal Democracy" 5431:. 31 January 2018. Archived from 5408:В России появились запретные темы 3706:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 3625:Order of the Red Banner of Labour 3434:Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center 1253:, where he died two years later. 18537:Recipients of the Order of Lenin 18397:20th-century Russian politicians 17458: 17457: 16366: 16344: 16318: 16305: 16253: 16206: 16159: 16123: 16097: 16084: 16025: 15973: 15936: 15468:Mardakert and Martuni Offensives 14217:Battle of Grozny (November 1994) 14002:1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya 13929:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 12640:United States invasion of Panama 12490:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 12130:1971 Turkish military memorandum 12093:Communist insurgency in Thailand 12063:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 11995:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 11822:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 11750:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 11268:Restatement of Policy on Germany 11025:Human rights in the Soviet Union 9984:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc 9885: 9884: 9729:Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn to Dusk 9294:25 December 1991 – 15 June 1992 9106:10 July 1991 – 25 December 1991 8976:2 November 1976 – 18 April 1985 8931:Yeltsin and Post-Soviet Problems 8496:Gorbachev and Yeltsin as leaders 8397: 8371: 8345: 8324: 8303: 8277: 8158: 8133: 8085: 8045: 8024: 8006: 7971: 7947:Levy, Clifford J. (5 May 2008). 7940: 7913: 7897: 7877: 7843:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00500.x 7818: 7802: 7738: 7318: 7306: 7280: 7265: 7252: 7222: 7200: 7186: 7162: 7096: 7070: 7052: 7034: 7016: 6994: 6981: 6914: 6887: 6861:Mark Franchetti (7 March 2010). 6854: 6841: 6832: 6814: 6788: 6765: 6659: 6634: 6619: 6604: 6493: 6471: 6441: 6422: 6404: 6385: 6352: 6324: 6293: 6252: 6234: 6199:Critical Reviews in Microbiology 6188: 6165: 6156: 6118: 6092: 6083: 6066: 6034: 5983:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00500.x 5958: 5943: 5887: 5865: 5853: 5794: 5757: 5723: 5633: 5584: 5513: 5327:Keller, Bill (1 November 1987). 5168:. Harper Collins, 2000. p. 739; 5133:. Harper Collins, 2000. p. 132. 3923: 3909: 3895: 3881: 3867: 3260: 2942:on Yeltsin's 71st birthday, 2002 2562:Yeltsin at an election rally in 2027:, ordered the liberalization of 1922:, eastern Ukraine, and areas of 1715:State Committee for Construction 1455:Order of the Red Banner of Labor 930: 923: 915: 655: 558: 539: 301:Himself (as President of Russia) 18602:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery 18587:Soviet men's volleyball players 18522:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 17302:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 15589:2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 15290:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 14222:Censorship of Chechnya coverage 14141:1999 Russian apartment bombings 13360:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12741:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 12670:Fall of the inner German border 12570:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 12220:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 12210:Spanish transition to democracy 12170:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 11797:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 11303:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 11184:Occupation of the Baltic states 10933:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 10863:Fall of the inner German border 9483:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 8855:Footnotes: A Journal of History 8190:Wines, Michael (13 June 2001). 7888:The Rise of Illiberal Democracy 7236:. 23 April 2007. Archived from 7214:. 23 April 2007. Archived from 7171:Ельцин умер от остановки сердца 5829:vanden Heuvel, Katrina (2007). 5473: 5447: 5417: 5414:, № 186 (409), 29 сентября 1993 5401: 5377: 5320: 5294: 5123: 3779:International Olympic Committee 3171:. He was survived by his wife, 3162:Cathedral of Christ the Saviour 2733:, Yeltsin strongly opposed the 2234:seemed to confuse Yeltsin over 2129:. An agreement was brokered by 1888:Leaders of the Soviet Republics 1065:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1020:Ural State Technical University 530:Ural State Technical University 502: 16990:Council of People's Commissars 16500:NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration 15811:Berkadzor fuel depot explosion 15585:2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 15396:1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing 15373:Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms 14171:2004 Russian aircraft bombings 13976:Battle of Grozny (August 1996) 13961:1995 Shali cluster bomb attack 12140:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 11775:Mozambican War of Independence 11214:Indonesian National Revolution 10923:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact 10062:Terrorism and the Soviet Union 8796:(Yale University Press, 2016). 8637:Texas National Security Review 8560:Presidential Studies Quarterly 6666:Hoffman, David (15 May 1999). 6478:the-spark.net (19 July 2003). 6375:Richard, Hélène (March 2019). 5831:"Yeltsin–Father of Democracy?" 5493:Dobbs, Michael (30 May 1990). 4001: 3972: 3749:Lithuania: Grand Cross of the 2961:U.S. Deputy Secretary of State 2872: 2704:quintuple heart bypass surgery 2664:, viewed by many as Yeltsin's 1404: 1293:, where Nikolai got work on a 585:Central institution membership 13: 1: 18502:People from Sverdlovsk Oblast 16754:Heads of government of Russia 15876:Armenian-occupied territories 15557:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes 14901:Islamic International Brigade 14426:Main Intelligence Directorate 14120:1996 Black Sea hostage crisis 14047:Counter-insurgency operations 13738:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 12753:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 12706:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 12428:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 12393:Seven Days to the River Rhine 12125:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 11412:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 11340:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 10943:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 10542:Inter-regional Deputies Group 10527:National League for Democracy 9747:Yeltsin: Three Days in August 9339:Minister of Defence of Russia 8968:Sverdlovsk Regional Committee 8424:Yeltsin: A Revolutionary Life 6776:. Russia Beyond the Headlines 6501:"Checkmate nears for Yeltsin" 6455:. 5 July 1996. Archived from 6174:"Anthrax at Sverdlovsk, 1979" 5767:American Journal of Sociology 5576:Kozyrev, Andrei (Fall 2016). 4045: 3980:Eastern Slavic naming customs 2970:during a flight stop-over at 2847:Russian Federation Parliament 2727:1998 Russian financial crisis 2682:1998 Russian financial crisis 2630:Yeltsin presidential campaign 2389:share a laugh in October 1995 2115:Congress of People's Deputies 2099:Confrontation with parliament 1988:and handed over to president 1784:Yeltsin, A Revolutionary Life 1761:Congress of People's Deputies 1719:Congress of People's Deputies 590:1986–1988: Candidate member, 63: 16495:Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration 16352:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 15791:Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 15482:1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état 15329:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations 14591:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 14399:Ministry of Internal Affairs 14309:Polina Zherebtsova's Journal 14007:Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) 13986:Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty 13956:Battle of Grozny (1994–1995) 12731:Fall of communism in Albania 12701:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 12650:Polish Round Table Agreement 11990:1968 Polish political crisis 11807:Eritrean War of Independence 11573:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 11468:East German uprising of 1953 11400:Chinese Communist Revolution 11065: 10853:Alexanderplatz demonstration 10818:Polish Round Table Agreement 10492:People's Movement of Ukraine 9789:Boris Yeltsin. Life and Fate 9691:Boris Yeltsin Volleyball Cup 9347:16 March 1992 – 18 May 1992 8823:(U of Michigan Press, 2010). 8067:Council on Foreign Relations 7906:& Eckert, Mark. (2000). 3643:Order of the Badge of Honour 3337:with the memorial sculpture 3098:Beslan school hostage crisis 2915:Heart disease and alcoholism 2743:NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia 2702:Yeltsin underwent emergency 2007:Yeltsin with U.S. President 1325:, sometimes for many weeks. 7: 18577:Russian democracy activists 18422:Defence ministers of Russia 17297:Central Executive Committee 17240:Russian Government Cabinets 15749:2020–2021 Armenian protests 15716:Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 14633:Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan 14136:1996 Kizlyar hostage crisis 12605:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 12333:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 12078:Corrective Movement (Syria) 12042:New People's Army rebellion 12037:Sino-Soviet border conflict 11765:Angolan War of Independence 11628:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 11508:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 11153:Jamaican political conflict 10898:January Events in Lithuania 10833:Hungarian Round Table Talks 10472:Democratic Party of Albania 9708:Confession on a Given Theme 9613:Soskovets campaign strategy 9052:29 May 1990 – 10 July 1991 8522:(Carnegie Endowment, 2013) 8413:Sources and further reading 8130:(summer 2003), pp. 448–457. 7105:"Boris Yeltsin Leaves Ward" 5707:China's Rise, Russia's Fall 3944:History of the Soviet Union 3860: 3751:Order of the Cross of Vytis 3226: 3001:Yeltsin with tennis player 2849:, the Russian Opera House, 2804:coup-d'état in October 1993 2708:International Monetary Fund 2637:International Monetary Fund 2501:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 2487:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 2481:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 2328:Black Brant sounding rocket 2286: 2059:were plunged into poverty. 1940:Presidency of Boris Yeltsin 1822:1991: presidential election 1230:mass rural collectivisation 788:Soskovets campaign strategy 10: 18633: 17463:Heads of state of the USSR 15796:2023 Azerbaijani offensive 15754:Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher 15726:Treatment of Armenian POWs 14323:The 3 Rooms of Melancholia 14181:2010 Moscow Metro bombings 12801:Sino-Indian border dispute 12630:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 12560:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 12318:1976 Argentine coup d'état 12230:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 12180:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 11864:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 11832:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 11521:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 11288:Asian Relations Conference 10552:Hungarian Democratic Forum 10547:Alliance of Free Democrats 10537:Union of Democratic Forces 9588:1996 presidential election 9576:1991 presidential election 8838:Diplomacy & Statecraft 8647:Problems of Post-communism 8632:(Routledge, 2015) pp 3–12. 8055:(September–October 1999). 7980:"Russia Remembers Yeltsin" 7262:; retrieved 24 April 2007. 6849:Problems of Post-Communism 6303:, November/December 2000. 5875:. Departments.bucknell.edu 5736:, September/October 1996. 4774:, pp. 65, 70, 71, 72. 3978:In this name that follows 3753:(10 June 2011, posthumous) 3214:difficulties and problems. 3123: 3090:Soviet-era national anthem 3083:on his 75th birthday, 2006 2907: 2782:Attempted 1999 impeachment 2737:military campaign against 2679: 2648:Security Council of Russia 2547: 2544:1996 presidential election 2484: 2367: 2342:launched from an American 2290: 2223: 2102: 1937: 1825: 1751:On 26 March 1989, Yeltsin 1349:. He devoted much time to 1335:Ural Polytechnic Institute 981:Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin 29: 18597:Soviet volleyball coaches 18333: 18214: 18181: 18153: 18013: 17983: 17858: 17742: 17614: 17512: 17453: 17427: 17339: 17294: 17235: 17125: 17048: 16988: 16979: 16956: 16899: 16787: 16778: 16765:Acting chairmen shown in 16760: 16673: 16610: 16482: 16389: 16151: 15928: 15821: 15764:September 2022 escalation 15736: 15633: 15538: 15337: 15260: 15254:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 14919: 14883: 14876: 14641: 14583: 14576: 14451: 14431:Special Forces (Spetsnaz) 14374: 14367: 14295: 14199: 14166:2004 Moscow Metro bombing 14161:2002 Grozny truck bombing 14107: 14027:2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash 13994: 13938: 13900: 13837: 13786: 13708: 13685:William Appleman Williams 13630:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 13412: 13384: 13333: 13265: 13258: 13192: 13057: 12982: 12912: 12905: 12814: 12761: 12693: 12406: 12145:Bangladesh Liberation War 12135:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 12050: 12022:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 12010:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 11673: 11448:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 11425: 11135: 11073: 11017: 10951: 10913:1991 protests in Belgrade 10793: 10718: 10627: 10569: 10560: 10442: 10304: 10251: 10148: 10080: 10017: 9939: 9863: 9812: 9738: 9699: 9628: 9561: 9503:Constitutional referendum 9468:Cabinet of Yeltsin–Gaidar 9448: 9435:28th Congress of the CPSU 9412: 9398: 9349: 9336: 9328: 9323: 9296: 9272: 9249: 9239: 9226: 9207: 9182: 9158: 9129: 9108: 9095: 9068: 9054: 9033: 9025: 9020: 9010: 8996: 8988: 8978: 8964: 8956: 8951: 8537:. New York: Basic Books. 8503:Russia in the New Century 7825:Treisman, Daniel (2011). 6960: 6957:Tales of a Kremlin Digger 6527:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6346:10.1080/09668139408412171 6212:10.1080/10408410500496862 5965:Treisman, Daniel (2011). 5552:10.1080/09662839208407069 4011: 3699:Order of the Golden Eagle 3692:Order of Francysk Skaryna 3549: 3457: 2507:, and their whereabouts. 2336:Norwegian rocket incident 2322:Norwegian rocket incident 2238:and dismemberment of the 2160:in Moscow, 3 January 1993 1905:dissolve the Soviet Union 1836:Yeltsin on 22 August 1991 1643:Moscow gorkom of the CPSU 1511:, the location where the 1268:, where Yeltsin attended 1032:reforms of Soviet leader 828:Constitutional conference 642: 581: 572:Recorded 31 December 1999 547: 535: 523: 512: 487: 464: 453: 439: 415: 410: 406: 394: 382: 371: 363: 351: 332: 321: 306: 294: 282: 248: 238: 227: 219: 198: 164: 147: 95: 84: 77: 73: 55: 48: 41: 18048:Liberal Democratic Party 16474:2023 ceasefire agreement 16432:2020 ceasefire agreement 16412:Zheleznovodsk Communiqué 15683:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral 15525:1994 Bagratashen bombing 15515:1994 Baku Metro bombings 14421:Federal Security Service 14176:2004 Beslan school siege 14022:2000 Zhani-Vedeno ambush 13923:Insurgency in Ingushetia 13894:Chechen–Russian conflict 12460:1980 Turkish coup d'état 12295:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 12265:1978 Somali coup attempt 12225:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 12190:1973 Chilean coup d'état 12015:Revolutionary Government 11909:South African Border War 11701:1960 Turkish coup d'état 11618:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 11473:1953 Iranian coup d'état 11453:1952 Egyptian revolution 10903:January Events in Latvia 10893:Reunification of Germany 10878:1990s post-Soviet aliyah 10808:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest 10532:National Salvation Front 10517:Belarusian Popular Front 10507:Popular Front of Estonia 10276:Polish underground press 10037:List of socialist states 9676:Monument (Yekaterinburg) 9478:1991 Soviet coup attempt 8952:Party political offices 8783:Perspectives on Politics 8649:63.5–6 (2016): 354–366. 8562:26.4 (1996): 1140–1164. 8488:2017.3 (2017): 165–193. 8385:(in Greek). 24 June 1994 8253:"Какие ордена у Ельцина" 7748:24#2 (2000), pp. 42–58. 7733:Doder & Branson 1990 7721:Doder & Branson 1990 7709:Doder & Branson 1990 7349:Doder & Branson 1990 7170: 7138: 6871:. London. Archived from 6704:. London: guardian.co.uk 6381:. Le Monde Diplomatique. 3965: 3768:Russian Foreign Ministry 3720:Order of the Three Stars 3444:Public opinion in Russia 3408:Russia's national anthem 3200:day of national mourning 3192:national day of mourning 3173:Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina 3140:congestive heart failure 2610:The American president, 2111:Supreme Soviet of Russia 2019:, Washington, D.C., 1992 1909:Council of the Republics 1155:, whom he had appointed 1115:, leading parliament to 1097:nationwide privatization 1075:He transformed Russia's 1041:representative democracy 823:1st Chernomyrdin Cabinet 664:This article is part of 608:1981–1990: Full member, 18562:Russian civil engineers 16483:International documents 16460:EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023 15654:International reactions 15604:2019 clash near Chinari 15368:Zvartnots Airport clash 15319:Azerbaijanis in Armenia 15307:Armenians in Azerbaijan 14256:International response 14017:Battle of Komsomolskoye 12665:Fall of the Berlin Wall 12610:People Power Revolution 12595:Central American crisis 12535:1986 Black Sea incident 12185:1973 Afghan coup d'état 12083:Western Sahara conflict 11894:1966 Syrian coup d'état 11817:1963 Syrian coup d'état 11760:Portuguese Colonial War 11723:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 11488:1954 Syrian coup d'état 11365:Annexation of Hyderabad 11308:1947–1949 Palestine war 10979:Economic liberalization 10918:1991 Belarusian strikes 10858:Fall of the Berlin Wall 10512:Public Against Violence 10502:Popular Front of Latvia 10281:Political demonstration 10130:Chinese economic reform 10042:People Power Revolution 9768:President of All Russia 9666:Street of Boris Yeltsin 9603:Loans for shares scheme 9440:Death and state funeral 9403:1st President of Russia 8998:First Secretary of the 8966:First Secretary of the 8879:The Struggle for Russia 8819:Skinner, Kiron, et al. 8612:10.1163/187633294X00089 4012:Борис Николаевич Ельцин 3584:: 17–21 December 2010. 3345:Memorial to Yeltsin in 2537:Sverdlovsk anthrax leak 2370:Privatization in Russia 1525:Urals Military District 1309:. This overlapped with 1258:Russian Orthodox Church 909:Death and state funeral 364:First Secretary of the 17820:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 17575:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 17286:Heads of state of the 16958:Provisional Government 16789:Committee of Ministers 16535:UNGA Resolution 62/243 16530:UNGA Resolution 60/285 16525:UNGA Resolution 48/114 15786:2022 Armenian protests 15618:Protests in Azerbaijan 15562:2010 Mardakert clashes 15546:2008 Mardakert clashes 15530:Refugees in Azerbaijan 15497:1993 Summer Offensives 14146:1999 Tukhchar massacre 12959:Neoclassical economics 12470:Gulf of Sidra incident 12027:1969 Libyan revolution 11718:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 11503:1954 Geneva Conference 11263:Turkish straits crisis 11258:Corfu Channel incident 10113:New political thinking 9890:Category:Boris Yeltsin 9533:Monetary reform (1998) 9528:Monetary reform (1993) 8767:Ostrovsky, Alexander. 8752:30 August 2022 at the 8745:Ostrovsky, Alexander. 8680:49.1 (2016): 101–111. 6262:. CNN. 7 February 1996 3349: 3338: 3327: 3255:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 3224: 3216: 3187: 3135: 3084: 3079:Yeltsin with his wife 3071:Life after resignation 3006: 2994: 2943: 2919:Yeltsin suffered from 2890: 2834: 2802:in December 1991, the 2771: 2718: 2699: 2676:1996–1999: Second term 2631: 2599: 2567: 2520: 2469:and a few years later 2422: 2390: 2354:" (known in Russia as 2319: 2272: 2161: 2127:Russian Prime Minister 2075: 2067: 2053:Central Bank of Russia 2020: 1971: 1894: 1837: 1729: 1692: 1619: 1559:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1484: 1371:Naina Iosifovna Girina 1272:. There, in 1934, the 1209: 1208:with childhood friends 1085:economic shock therapy 1049:Russian Supreme Soviet 1010:. He would grow up in 729:27th Central Committee 16490:Astrakhan Declaration 16465:EUMA Feb 2023–present 16229:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan 16182:Norat Ter-Grigoryants 15737:Post-ceasefire events 15459:Capture of Artsvashen 15440:Capture of Garadaghly 14700:Abdul-Halim Sadulayev 14672:Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev 14212:Anti-Russian violence 14012:Battle for Height 776 13809:Russia–NATO relations 13690:Jonathan Reed Winkler 12974:Democratic capitalism 12969:Supply-side economics 12937:American conservatism 12736:Breakup of Yugoslavia 12625:Bougainville conflict 12540:South Yemen civil war 12475:Martial law in Poland 12338:Nicaraguan Revolution 12313:Dirty War (Argentina) 12120:1971 JVP insurrection 11934:Years of Lead (Italy) 11812:North Yemen civil war 11730:Berlin Crisis of 1961 11706:Albanian–Soviet split 11638:1959 Tibetan uprising 11603:Syrian Crisis of 1957 11458:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 11318:1948 Arab–Israeli War 10984:Post-Soviet conflicts 10938:Tajikistani Civil War 10888:Revolution on Granite 10848:Monday Demonstrations 10374:Sanjaasürengiin Zorig 10208:Mengistu Haile Mariam 9974:Eastern Bloc politics 9722:Presidential Marathon 9538:1998 financial crisis 9000:Moscow City Committee 8867:42.4 (2018): 568–571. 8840:33.1 (2022): 158–193. 8704:56.4 (1997): 698–717 8620:Policy Analysis Paper 8508:Brown, Archie et al. 8498:(Cambridge UP, 2002). 8494:Breslauer, George W. 8098:10 March 2009 at the 7196:. BBC. 23 April 2007. 7012:on 25 September 2009. 6729:. CNN. 7 October 2002 6434:10 March 2007 at the 6286:17 April 2012 at the 6246:10 March 2007 at the 6074:Policy Analysis Paper 5705:Nolan, Peter (1995). 4837:, pp. 75–76, 86. 4244:, pp. 23–24, 26. 3344: 3333: 3322: 3220: 3204: 3185: 3133: 3078: 3000: 2988: 2930: 2888: 2829: 2806:, and initiating the 2762: 2717:Anti-Yeltsin protests 2716: 2694:(left) and President 2689: 2629: 2597: 2561: 2509: 2412: 2384: 2314: 2268: 2244:Partnership for Peace 2236:German re-unification 2226:Russia–NATO relations 2155: 2073: 2065: 2006: 1957: 1945:1991–1996: first term 1886: 1870:Belovezhskaya Pushcha 1866:Stanislav Shushkevich 1835: 1727: 1687: 1613: 1564:The Gulag Archipelago 1531:gave him the rank of 1474: 1278:anti-Soviet agitation 1203: 1109:constitutional crisis 993:political independent 554:Boris Yeltsin's voice 18607:Impeached presidents 18567:Russian nationalists 18427:Presidents of Russia 18257:Vladimir Zhirinovsky 18040:Vladimir Zhirinovsky 17815:Konstantin Chernenko 17245:Premiers of the USSR 17049:Council of Ministers 16901:Council of Ministers 16520:PACE Resolution 2085 16515:PACE Resolution 1416 16510:OIC Resolution 10/37 16505:OIC Resolution 10/11 16141:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 15669:Aras Valley campaign 15581:2016 Odundağ clashes 15501:Operation Geghamasar 15422:Siege of Stepanakert 14775:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev 14436:Republic of Chechnya 14272:Politics of Chechnya 14227:Crimes and terrorism 14156:2003 Tushino bombing 14042:2005 raid on Nalchik 13946:Battle of Dolinskoye 13230:Non-Aligned Movement 12852:Peaceful coexistence 12806:North Borneo dispute 12721:German reunification 12716:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 12414:Salvadoran Civil War 12363:Grand Mosque seizure 12358:Yemenite War of 1979 12250:Mozambican Civil War 12205:Carnation Revolution 12160:Yemenite War of 1972 12098:1970 Polish protests 11929:1967 Hong Kong riots 11904:Argentine Revolution 11854:Guatemalan Civil War 11782:Cuban Missile Crisis 11696:Bay of Pigs Invasion 11568:1956 Poznań protests 11546:Geneva Summit (1955) 11148:Hukbalahap Rebellion 11127:Non-Aligned Movement 10394:Vytautas Landsbergis 10389:Viacheslav Chornovil 10218:Denis Sassou Nguesso 9796:Boris Yeltsin. First 9553:Impeachment attempts 8887:Zezina, M.R. et al. 8715:(Columbia UP, 2000) 8655:Kagarlitsky, Boris. 8587:Ellison, Herbert J. 8463:Barylski, Robert V. 8073:on 27 September 2007 7746:The Wilson Quarterly 7240:on 28 September 2007 7148:Komsomolskaya Pravda 7115:on 30 September 2007 6972:Full text in Russian 5745:on 30 September 2007 5597:28 February 2002 at 5108:, pp. 110, 118. 3812:Honorary Citizen of 3530:: 20–23 April 2001. 3404:Novodevichy cemetery 3394:illiberal democratic 3325:Novodevichy Cemetery 3315:Reception and legacy 3154:Novodevichy Cemetery 3145:Komsomolskaya Pravda 2491:On 5 December 1991, 2439:Mikhail Khodorkovsky 2125:for the position of 1880:(CIS) in its place. 1769:Inter-Regional Group 1735:Boris, you are wrong 1704:Stalinist show trial 1585:Konstantin Chernenko 1089:market exchange rate 1002:Yeltsin was born in 899:Presidential Library 458:Novodevichy Cemetery 342:(as Chairman of the 18321:Vladimir Bryntsalov 18274:Svyatoslav Fyodorov 18091:Ramazan Abdulatipov 17901:Eduard Shevardnadze 17896:Mikhail Solomentsev 17850:Eduard Shevardnadze 17830:Mikhail Solomentsev 17674:Alexandra Biryukova 17570:Eduard Shevardnadze 17560:Mikhail Solomentsev 17365:(1943–1944, acting) 16693:Viktor Chernomyrdin 16455:EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022 16379:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 16214:Republic of Artsakh 16177:Gurgen Dalibaltayan 16016:Samvel Shahramanyan 15981:Republic of Artsakh 15949:Levon Ter-Petrosyan 15801:Protests in Armenia 15593:Shelling of Alxanlı 15472:Operation Həsənqaya 14534:Dzhabrail Yamadayev 14037:2004 raid on Grozny 13675:Alex von Tunzelmann 13665:Vladimir Tismăneanu 13590:Thomas J. McCormick 13585:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 13485:Robert Hugh Ferrell 13348:Crusade for Freedom 13145:Illiberal democracy 13029:Ho Chi Minh Thought 12832:Eisenhower Doctrine 12685:Peaceful Revolution 12680:Romanian Revolution 12660:Revolutions of 1989 12645:1988 Polish strikes 12555:Operation INFEKTION 12550:1987 Lieyu massacre 12455:Eritrean Civil Wars 12438:Peruvian Revolution 12388:1979 Herat uprising 12378:Sino-Vietnamese War 12343:Uganda–Tanzania War 12323:Egyptian–Libyan War 12290:Third Indochina War 12285:Sino-Albanian split 12275:Ethiopian Civil War 12175:Eritrean Civil Wars 12115:Ping-pong diplomacy 12088:Cambodian Civil War 11914:Korean DMZ Conflict 11899:Cultural Revolution 11869:Dominican Civil War 11847:Tlatelolco massacre 11633:1959 Mosul uprising 11623:1958 Lebanon crisis 11350:Al-Wathbah uprising 11273:First Indochina War 11243:Iran crisis of 1946 10838:Pan-European Picnic 10813:1988 Polish strikes 10193:Wojciech Jaruzelski 9933:Revolutions of 1989 9869:← Mikhail Gorbachev 9754:Three August's Days 9542:1998 miners' strike 9463:Second inauguration 9324:Government offices 8857:4 (2020): 166–181. 8826:Smith, Kathleen E. 8735:O'Brien, Thomas A. 8460:34#1 (2001): 39–61. 8420:Aron, Leon (2000). 8265:on 12 December 2013 8115:Johanna Granville, 8057:"Russia's Collapse" 6991:, New York, p. 344 6851:43.1 (1996): 58–62. 6628:The Washington Post 6613:The Washington Post 6574:. CNN. 9 April 1999 6453:The Washington Post 6334:Europe-Asia Studies 5939:on 18 January 2011. 5916: ed.): 22–43. 5499:The Washington Post 5393:. 12 January 2011. 5239:, pp. 119–120. 5188:, pp. 112–113. 5120:, pp. 111–112. 5040:, pp. 103–104. 5028:, pp. 101–103. 4581:, pp. 21, 23; 3903:Soviet Union portal 3761:Departmental awards 3744:Medal of 13 January 3247:Russian nationalism 2767:and Prime Minister 2725:to collapse in the 2662:Alexander Korzhakov 2493:Senator Jesse Helms 2459:Alexander Smolensky 2332:Andøya Space Center 2276:Budapest Memorandum 2232:Department of State 2220:Relations with NATO 2198:Russian White House 2180:, 13 August 1993). 2139:Viktor Chernomyrdin 1844:invited Yeltsin to 1529:Ministry of Defence 1319:Pushkin High School 1262:famine of 1932–1933 1121:parliament building 985:president of Russia 894:Presidential Center 881:International trips 843:International trips 601:1985–1986: Member, 435:, Soviet Union 183:Alexander Rutskoy ( 121:Viktor Chernomyrdin 79:President of Russia 62:Official portrait, 18352:Viktor Chechevatov 17780:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 17655:Alexander Yakovlev 17601:Vladimir Kryuchkov 17580:Alexander Yakovlev 17545:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 17127:Russian Federation 16325:Viktor Polyanichko 16011:Arayik Harutyunyan 15864:Shahumyan Province 15854:Martakert Province 15849:Kashatagh Province 15510:Operation Kalbajar 15487:Battle of Kalbajar 15463:Operation Goranboy 15426:Operation Dashalty 15166:Abu Hafs al-Urduni 14936:Magomed Suleimanov 14836:Rasul Makasharipov 14621:Vilayat Cherkessia 14611:Vilayat Nokhchicho 14459:Russian Federation 14382:Russian Federation 14351:Ant in a Glass Jar 14265:Second Chechen War 14207:Chechen Revolution 13995:Second Chechen War 13951:Battle of Khankala 13917:Second Chechen War 13829:Russian Revolution 13625:Mary Elise Sarotte 13610:William B. Pickett 13535:Patrick J. Hearden 13515:Gabriel Gorodetsky 13510:Timothy Garton Ash 13495:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 13090:Ethnic nationalism 12842:Hallstein Doctrine 12726:Yemeni unification 12515:1985 Geneva Summit 12480:Casamance conflict 12383:New Jewel Movement 12368:Iranian Revolution 12353:Chadian–Libyan War 12300:Cambodian conflict 12280:Lebanese Civil War 12270:Western Sahara War 12245:June 1976 protests 12240:Cambodian genocide 12005:17 July Revolution 11959:Nigerian Civil War 11874:Rhodesian Bush War 11859:Colombian conflict 11802:Ramadan Revolution 11541:Bandung Conference 11417:Operation Valuable 11298:Partition of India 10198:Slobodan Milošević 10067:Vatican Opposition 9715:Notes of President 9661:Boris Yeltsin Peak 9513:Elizabeth II visit 9493:Demographic crisis 9458:First inauguration 9316:Russian Federation 9289:Russian Federation 9279:Russian Federation 9275:Head of Government 9233:Russian Federation 9200:Russian Federation 9161:Head of Government 9122:Russian Federation 9058:Ruslan Khasbulatov 9021:Political offices 8865:Diplomatic History 8809:Shevtsova, Lilia. 8799:Shevtsova, Lilia. 8697:(Routledge, 2016). 8693:Marples, David R. 8666:(Routledge, 2016). 8622:(CATO #399, 2001) 8573:. London: Futura. 8531:Colton, Timothy J. 8467:(Routledge, 2018). 8430:St. Martin's Press 8404:Croatian Knowledge 8359:. 23 December 1993 8197:The New York Times 8091:Paul J. Saunders, 7984:The New York Times 7953:The New York Times 7644:, pp. 23–24; 7492:, pp. 91, 92. 7084:on 16 January 2017 6976:German translation 6416:The New York Times 6398:The New York Times 6363:The New York Times 6054:on 16 October 2007 5808:The New York Times 5647:. 26 December 1991 5645:The New York Times 5459:The New York Times 5333:The New York Times 5307:The New York Times 4681:, pp. 66, 68. 4665:, pp. 32–33; 4621:, pp. 26–27; 4533:, pp. 15–16; 4356:, pp. 37, 43. 3819:(2010, posthumous) 3739:, 1st class (1999) 3737:Order of Good Hope 3722:, 1st class (2006) 3604:Russian and Soviet 3350: 3339: 3328: 3188: 3136: 3085: 3007: 2995: 2947:Italian newspaper 2944: 2891: 2835: 2832:Aleksandr Voloshin 2822:Mabetex corruption 2790:opposition in the 2772: 2765:Patriarch Alexy II 2719: 2700: 2632: 2600: 2568: 2475:Russia's oligarchs 2423: 2391: 2330:launched from the 2240:Helsinki Final Act 2170:Chelyabinsk Oblast 2162: 2119:Ruslan Khasbulatov 2076: 2068: 2021: 1972: 1895: 1860:and the leader of 1838: 1730: 1693: 1620: 1541:26th CPSU Congress 1485: 1357:, central Russia, 1210: 1206:(second from left) 1145:Second Chechen War 1113:Russian parliament 1079:into a capitalist 624:Other offices held 616:Central Committee 358:Ruslan Khasbulatov 174:Office established 18364: 18363: 18286:Mikhail Gorbachev 18240:Grigory Yavlinsky 18109: 18108: 17995:Alexander Rutskoy 17939: 17938: 17911:Vitaly Vorotnikov 17859:Candidate members 17825:Vitaly Vorotnikov 17760:Mikhail Gorbachev 17701: 17700: 17670:Georgy Razumovsky 17615:Candidate members 17530:Mikhail Gorbachev 17525:Vitaly Vorotnikov 17471: 17470: 17253: 17252: 17121: 17120: 16952: 16951: 16720: 16719: 16683:Alexander Rutskoy 16675:Acting Presidents 16570: 16569: 16427:Madrid Principles 16407:Tehran Communiqué 16244:Mikael Arzumanyan 16239:Jalal Harutyunyan 16224:Kristapor Ivanyan 16192:Tiran Khachatryan 16104:Mikhail Gorbachev 15996:Leonard Petrosyan 15929:Political leaders 15918:Zangilan District 15896:Kalbajar District 15891:Jabrayil District 15664:Madagiz offensive 15505:Operation Horadiz 15478:Operation Qazançı 15455:Capture of Shusha 15405:Voskepar massacre 15312:Armenians in Baku 15295:Karabakh movement 15220: 15219: 15216: 15215: 15124:Arthur Getagazhev 15009:Supyan Abdullayev 14950:Aliaskhab Kebekov 14906:Riyad-us Saliheen 14872: 14871: 14850:Ilyas Gorchkhanov 14606:Vilayat Galgayche 14572: 14571: 14260:First Chechen War 13981:Khasavyurt Accord 13966:Samashki massacre 13939:First Chechen War 13905:First Chechen War 13860: 13859: 13847:List of conflicts 13695:Rudolph Winnacker 13640:Giles Scott-Smith 13615:Ronald E. Powaski 13570:Melvyn P. Leffler 13500:John Lewis Gaddis 13475:Robert D. English 13440:Warren H. Carroll 13430:Michael Beschloss 13399:Nuclear arms race 13380: 13379: 13286:Neues Deutschland 13188: 13187: 13170:White nationalism 13140:Liberal democracy 12877:Ulbricht Doctrine 12867:Brezhnev Doctrine 12675:Velvet Revolution 12419:Soviet–Afghan War 12235:Angolan Civil War 12032:Goulash Communism 11889:ASEAN Declaration 11842:Mexican Dirty War 11740:Annexation of Goa 11691:1960 U-2 incident 11665:Sino-Soviet split 11643:Laotian Civil War 11483:Bricker Amendment 11463:Mau Mau rebellion 11407:Malayan Emergency 11395:Chinese Civil War 11355:Tito–Stalin split 11209:Division of Korea 11033: 11032: 10959:Colour revolution 10789: 10788: 10756:Congo-Brazzaville 10477:Democratic Russia 10434:Pope John Paul II 10429:George H. W. Bush 10379:Vladimir Bukovsky 10168:Mikhail Gorbachev 10163:Nicolae Ceaușescu 9949:Era of Stagnation 9899: 9898: 9856: 9848: 9844:Tatyana Yumasheva 9840: 9832: 9824: 9571:Electoral history 9523:First Chechen War 9413:Life and politics 9359: 9358: 9350:Succeeded by 9332:Konstantin Kobetz 9297:Succeeded by 9240:Succeeded by 9183:Succeeded by 9109:Succeeded by 9055:Succeeded by 9029:Vitaly Vorotnikov 9011:Succeeded by 8979:Succeeded by 8872:Against the Grain 8777:978-5-8041-0637-0 8762:978-5-89747-068-6 8662:Kimura, Hiroshi. 8544:978-0-465-01271-8 8258:Argumenty i Fakty 8119:Dermokratizatsiya 8020:. 24 August 2013. 7904:Shevtsova, Liliia 7632:, pp. 87–88. 7417:, pp. 36–37. 7218:on 25 April 2007. 6106:on 9 January 2015 5692:, pp. 38–39. 5540:European Security 5429:Houston Chronicle 5289:978-1-84827-112-8 4992:, pp. 98–99. 4980:, pp. 95–96. 4914:, pp. 89–91. 4873:, pp. 77–81. 4849:, pp. 76–77. 4798:, pp. 73–74. 4786:, pp. 72–73. 4609:, pp. 25–26. 4597:, pp. 21–22. 4400:, pp. 45–47. 4332:, pp. 40–41. 4320:, pp. 41–42. 4316:, pp. 8, 9; 4256:, pp. 25–26. 4207:, pp. 22–23. 4148:, pp. 19–21. 4136:, pp. 14–19. 4108:, pp. 35–36. 3817:Sverdlovsk Oblast 3599:Honors and awards 3596: 3595: 3552: 3542: 3541: 3416:old Soviet anthem 3383:Mikhail Gorbachev 3296:Alexander Pushkin 3134:Yeltsin's funeral 3120:Death and funeral 3103:Mikhail Gorbachev 3031:Hussein of Jordan 2991:Mintimer Shaimiev 2980:Tatyana Yumasheva 2904:Electoral history 2886: 2796:Belovezha Accords 2589:Tatyana Dyachenko 2463:Viktor Vekselberg 2447:Vladimir Bogdanov 2382: 2352:nuclear briefcase 2293:First Chechen War 2190:Alexander Rutskoy 2092:Alexander Rutskoy 2009:George H. W. Bush 1977:George H. W. Bush 1970:, 8 December 1991 1960:Belavezha Accords 1892:Belovezha Accords 1874:Belavezha Accords 1763:to a seat on the 1737:". An article in 1653:1987: resignation 1616:Mikhail Gorbachev 1602:, in March 1985. 1589:Mikhail Gorbachev 1497:Central Committee 1493:General Secretary 1222:socialist society 1186:Sverdlovsk Oblast 1182:Talitsky District 1137:First Chechen War 1099:, and lifting of 1055:president of the 1034:Mikhail Gorbachev 1024:Sverdlovsk Oblast 978: 977: 681: 680: 646: 645: 565: 518:Tatyana Yumasheva 340:Vitaly Vorotnikov 243:Mikhail Gorbachev 220:President of the 156:Alexander Rutskoy 16:(Redirected from 18624: 18592:Soviet reformers 18572:Russian liberals 18412:Russian amputees 18215:Other candidates 18193:Gennady Zyuganov 18136: 18129: 18122: 18113: 18112: 18077:Aleksei Sergeyev 18014:Other candidates 17966: 17959: 17952: 17943: 17942: 17916:Viktor Chebrikov 17906:Vladimir Dolgikh 17881:Vasili Kuznetsov 17835:Viktor Chebrikov 17800:Nikolai Tikhonov 17775:Andrei Kirilenko 17728: 17721: 17714: 17705: 17704: 17688:Yevgeny Primakov 17683:Anatoly Lukyanov 17678:Alexander Vlasov 17637:Nikolay Slyunkov 17627:Vladimir Dolgikh 17606:Vladimir Ivashko 17588:Nikolay Slyunkov 17565:Viktor Chebrikov 17498: 17491: 17484: 17475: 17474: 17461: 17460: 17428:Chairmen of the 17340:Chairmen of the 17295:Chairmen of the 17280: 17273: 17266: 17257: 17256: 16986: 16985: 16811: 16799: 16785: 16784: 16772: 16747: 16740: 16733: 16724: 16723: 16597: 16590: 16583: 16574: 16573: 16540:UNSC resolutions 16417:OSCE Minsk Group 16402:Bishkek Protocol 16372: 16370: 16369: 16350: 16348: 16347: 16323: 16322: 16321: 16311: 16309: 16308: 16286:Mais Barkhudarov 16266:Isgandar Hamidov 16259: 16257: 16256: 16212: 16210: 16209: 16165: 16163: 16162: 16152:Military leaders 16129: 16127: 16126: 16102: 16101: 16100: 16090: 16088: 16087: 16075:Tural Ganjaliyev 16043:Abulfaz Elchibey 16031: 16029: 16028: 16001:Arkadi Ghukasyan 15991:Robert Kocharyan 15979: 15977: 15976: 15954:Robert Kocharyan 15942: 15940: 15939: 15913:Qubadli District 15859:Martuni Province 15839:Askeran Province 15711:Battle of Shusha 15706:Lachin offensive 15701:Battle of Hadrut 15539:Interwar clashes 15492:Battle of Aghdam 15475:Battle of Lachin 15445:Khojaly massacre 15378:Kirovabad pogrom 15268:Nagorno-Karabakh 15247: 15240: 15233: 15224: 15223: 15208:Zalim Shebzukhov 15204: 15190: 15176: 15162: 15148: 15134: 15120: 15110:Asker Dzhappuyev 15106: 15096:Rustam Asildarov 15092: 15078: 15064: 15050: 15038: 15023:Aslan Byutukayev 15019: 15005: 14991: 14977: 14969:Aslambek Vadalov 14960: 14946: 14932: 14891:Caucasus Emirate 14881: 14880: 14864:Rappani Khalilov 14860: 14846: 14832: 14818: 14804: 14785: 14771: 14752: 14738: 14724: 14710: 14696: 14682: 14668: 14658:Dzhokhar Dudayev 14654: 14601:Vilayat Dagestan 14581: 14580: 14558: 14548:Ruslan Yamadayev 14544: 14530: 14506: 14372: 14371: 14287:Chechen genocide 14032:2004 Nazran raid 13887: 13880: 13873: 13864: 13863: 13605:David S. Painter 13530:John Earl Haynes 13460:Nicholas J. Cull 13445:Adrian Cioroianu 13425:Thomas A. Bailey 13372:Voice of America 13263: 13262: 13175:White separatism 13155:Social democracy 13150:Guided democracy 13130:Authoritarianism 13080:Ultranationalism 13070:Anti-imperialism 12997:Marxism–Leninism 12910: 12909: 12897:Kinmen Agreement 12862:Johnson Doctrine 12847:Kennedy Doctrine 12763:Frozen conflicts 12746:1991 August Coup 12635:Afghan Civil War 12530:Reykjavík Summit 12525:Somali Rebellion 12465:Ugandan Bush War 12443:Gdańsk Agreement 11964:Protests of 1968 11944:War of Attrition 11653:Cuban Revolution 11589:We will bury you 11556:Cyprus Emergency 11536:Kashmir Princess 11526:Jebel Akhdar War 11375:Western betrayal 11060: 11053: 11046: 11037: 11036: 10908:Transnistria War 10567: 10566: 10409:Aung San Suu Kyi 10324:Alexander Dubček 10261:Civil resistance 10118:Sinatra Doctrine 10098:Demokratizatsiya 9999:Shortage economy 9926: 9919: 9912: 9903: 9902: 9888: 9887: 9876:Vladimir Putin → 9854: 9846: 9838: 9830: 9828:Claudia Yeltsina 9822: 9608:Semibankirschina 9488:Belovezh Accords 9385: 9378: 9371: 9362: 9361: 9344: 9329:Preceded by 9318: 9305: 9291: 9269: 9256: 9250:Preceded by 9223: 9208:Preceded by 9202: 9189: 9177: 9155: 9138: 9130:Preceded by 9124: 9092: 9069:Preceded by 9063: 9026:Preceded by 8989:Preceded by 8957:Preceded by 8949: 8948: 8908: 8877:Yeltsin, Boris. 8870:Yeltsin, Boris. 8785:(2009): 591–610 8615: 8584: 8548: 8481:(Ashgate, 1997). 8446:Aslund, Anders. 8443: 8427: 8406: 8401: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8349: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8249: 8238: 8237: 8226: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8162: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8137: 8131: 8128:Demokratizatsiya 8123:Prikhvatizatsiya 8113: 8107: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8069:. Archived from 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8028: 8022: 8021: 8010: 8004: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7990:on 27 July 2020. 7986:. Archived from 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7917: 7911: 7901: 7895: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7822: 7816: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7776: 7775:, p. xviii. 7770: 7764: 7758: 7752: 7742: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7718: 7712: 7706: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7639: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7606: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7536: 7530: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7457: 7451: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7327:, 23 April 2007. 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7284: 7278: 7277:. 24 April 2007 7269: 7263: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7234:Fox News Channel 7226: 7220: 7219: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7166: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7134: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7111:. Archived from 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7020: 7014: 7013: 6998: 6992: 6989:Midnight Diaries 6985: 6979: 6962: 6954:Yelena Tregubova 6951: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6858: 6852: 6845: 6839: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6802:. 12 August 2015 6792: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6723: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6697: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6674:. Archived from 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6598:Associated Press 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6549:. 25 March 1999. 6539: 6533: 6532: 6526: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6445: 6439: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6418:. 27 March 1996. 6408: 6402: 6401: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6372: 6366: 6365:, 30 апреля 2007 6356: 6350: 6349: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6312:on 3 August 2004 6308:. Archived from 6297: 6291: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6256: 6250: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6169: 6163: 6160: 6154: 6151: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6102:. Archived from 6096: 6090: 6087: 6081: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6024: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5962: 5956: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5932:. Archived from 5922:10.2307/20048274 5903: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5826: 5813: 5812: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5741:. Archived from 5727: 5721: 5720: 5702: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5666: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5610: 5601: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5573: 5556: 5555: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5490: 5484: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5435:on 30 April 2018 5421: 5415: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5381: 5375: 5362: 5356: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5298: 5292: 5277: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5162: 5151: 5145: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4930: 4924: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4717: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4632: 4626: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4576: 4570: 4560: 4554: 4544: 4538: 4528: 4522: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4491: 4481: 4472: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4429: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4396:, pp. 7–8; 4391: 4385: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4311: 4305: 4295: 4289: 4279: 4273: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4208: 4198: 4192: 4187:, pp. 6–7; 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4059: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4005: 3999: 3976: 3933: 3931:Socialism portal 3928: 3927: 3919: 3917:Communism portal 3914: 3913: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3877: 3875:Biography portal 3872: 3871: 3870: 3786:Religious awards 3746:(9 January 1992) 3730:Legion of Honour 3550: 3547: 3546: 3455: 3454: 3412:follow the music 3347:Tallinn, Estonia 3138:Yeltsin died of 3015:Yelena Tregubova 2993:on June 22, 2006 2895:New Year address 2887: 2750:Sergei Stepashin 2696:Martti Ahtisaari 2581:Gennady Zyuganov 2518: 2471:Roman Abramovich 2443:Vladimir Potanin 2435:Boris Berezovsky 2383: 2212:This led to the 2088:Marshall Goldman 2084:Great Depression 2051:, caused by the 1979:, declaring the 1840:During May 1991 1690:Raisa Gorbacheva 1548:personality cult 1451: 1436: 1226:Marxist–Leninist 1207: 1133:Russian Caucasus 1125:new constitution 1083:by implementing 1051:and in 1991 was 970: 963: 956: 934: 927: 919: 861:2nd inauguration 808:1st inauguration 782:Semibankirschina 776:Loans for shares 677: 676: 674: 667: 659: 652: 651: 648: 647: 629:1992: Minister, 567: 566: 543: 506: 504: 446: 425: 423: 411:Personal details 397: 385: 376: 354: 335: 326: 297: 285: 251: 232: 201: 167: 160: 152: 136:Sergei Stepashin 131:Yevgeny Primakov 126:Sergey Kiriyenko 98: 89: 68: 67: 1991–1993 65: 60: 51: 39: 38: 21: 18632: 18631: 18627: 18626: 18625: 18623: 18622: 18621: 18582:Soviet colonels 18367: 18366: 18365: 18360: 18329: 18223:Alexander Lebed 18210: 18198:Communist Party 18177: 18149: 18140: 18110: 18105: 18073:Albert Makashov 18063:Viktor Bocharov 18044:Andrey Zavidiya 18029:Communist Party 18021:Nikolai Ryzhkov 18009: 17979: 17970: 17940: 17935: 17926:Nikolai Talyzin 17891:Sharof Rashidov 17886:Boris Ponomarev 17876:Tikhon Kiselyov 17854: 17845:Nikolai Ryzhkov 17840:Yegor Ligachyov 17790:Grigory Romanov 17755:Leonid Brezhnev 17738: 17732: 17702: 17697: 17647:Nikolai Talyzin 17610: 17555:Nikolai Ryzhkov 17550:Yegor Ligachyov 17508: 17502: 17472: 17467: 17449: 17423: 17345: 17335: 17299: 17290: 17284: 17254: 17249: 17231: 17117: 17044: 16975: 16948: 16895: 16809: 16797: 16774: 16770: 16756: 16751: 16721: 16716: 16669: 16646:Dmitry Medvedev 16606: 16601: 16571: 16566: 16478: 16385: 16367: 16365: 16345: 16343: 16319: 16317: 16306: 16304: 16291:Hikmat Mirzayev 16281:Valeh Barshadly 16254: 16252: 16234:Monte Melkonian 16207: 16205: 16187:Jirair Sefilian 16172:Vazgen Sargsyan 16160: 16158: 16147: 16124: 16122: 16098: 16096: 16085: 16083: 16070:Nizami Bahmanov 16038:Ayaz Mutallibov 16026: 16024: 15986:Artur Mkrtchyan 15974: 15972: 15964:Nikol Pashinyan 15937: 15935: 15924: 15906:Lachin corridor 15901:Lachin District 15886:Fuzuli District 15881:Aghdam District 15869:Shushi Province 15844:Hadrut Province 15817: 15732: 15629: 15534: 15450:Maraga massacre 15333: 15256: 15251: 15221: 15212: 15200: 15186: 15172: 15158: 15144: 15130: 15116: 15102: 15088: 15082:Magomed Vagabov 15074: 15060: 15054:Tarkhan Gaziyev 15042:Khuseyn Gakayev 15034: 15015: 15001: 14995:Anzor Astemirov 14987: 14956: 14942: 14928: 14915: 14868: 14856: 14842: 14828: 14814: 14800: 14781: 14767: 14748: 14734: 14720: 14706: 14692: 14686:Aslan Maskhadov 14678: 14664: 14650: 14637: 14626:Vilayat Iriston 14596:Caucasian Front 14568: 14562:Sulim Yamadayev 14554: 14540: 14526: 14502: 14489:Gennady Troshev 14479:Alexander Lebed 14469:Dmitry Medvedev 14447: 14414:Internal Troops 14363: 14344:Angel of Grozny 14330:The Pathologies 14296:Wars in culture 14291: 14252:Aircraft losses 14237:Suicide attacks 14195: 14103: 14052:Guerrilla phase 13990: 13934: 13911:War in Dagestan 13896: 13891: 13861: 13856: 13833: 13824:Second Cold War 13782: 13710: 13704: 13680:Odd Arne Westad 13670:Patrick Vaughan 13655:Athan Theoharis 13635:Ellen Schrecker 13620:Yakov M. Rabkin 13595:Timothy Naftali 13540:Tvrtko Jakovina 13525:Jussi Hanhimäki 13408: 13386: 13376: 13354:Paix et Liberté 13329: 13273:Active measures 13254: 13184: 13165:White supremacy 13125:Totalitarianism 13053: 12978: 12901: 12887:Reagan Doctrine 12882:Carter Doctrine 12822:Truman Doctrine 12810: 12757: 12689: 12584:Soviet reaction 12495:Ndogboyosoi War 12402: 12373:Saur Revolution 12200:1973 oil crisis 12165:Munich massacre 12073:Alcora Exercise 12068:Black September 12046: 11792:Sino-Indian War 11686:Simba rebellion 11669: 11513:Capture of the 11421: 11360:Berlin Blockade 11293:May 1947 crises 11283:Truman Doctrine 11248:Greek Civil War 11237:Blacklist Forty 11204:Gouzenko Affair 11191:Cursed soldiers 11143:Morgenthau Plan 11131: 11069: 11064: 11034: 11029: 11013: 10974:Democratization 10964:Decommunization 10947: 10883:Helsinki Summit 10823:April 9 tragedy 10795: 10785: 10714: 10623: 10571: 10562: 10556: 10444: 10438: 10306: 10300: 10253: 10247: 10203:Mathieu Kérékou 10150: 10144: 10076: 10052:Reagan Doctrine 10027:Active measures 10019: 10013: 10004:Totalitarianism 9941: 9935: 9930: 9900: 9895: 9859: 9820:Nikolay Yeltsin 9808: 9734: 9695: 9624: 9557: 9444: 9408: 9394: 9389: 9355: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9334: 9319: 9307: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9293: 9282: 9281: 9270: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9245: 9236: 9224: 9212: 9211: 9203: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9179: 9168: 9167: 9156: 9140: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9125: 9113: 9112: 9105: 9093: 9073: 9072: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9051: 9031: 9016: 9007: 9004:Communist Party 8994: 8984: 8975: 8972:Communist Party 8962: 8906: 8902: 8897: 8792:Satter, David. 8754:Wayback Machine 8725:Minaev, Boris. 8711:Medvedev, Toy. 8581: 8545: 8535:Yeltsin: A Life 8440: 8415: 8410: 8409: 8402: 8398: 8388: 8386: 8377: 8376: 8372: 8362: 8360: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8325: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8291:. 23 April 2008 8283: 8282: 8278: 8268: 8266: 8251: 8250: 8241: 8230:"Ельцин, Борис" 8228: 8227: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8188: 8184: 8174: 8172: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8114: 8110: 8100:Wayback Machine 8090: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8062:Foreign Affairs 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8025: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7999: 7995: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7945: 7941: 7933: 7929: 7918: 7914: 7902: 7898: 7892:Foreign Affairs 7884:Zakaria, Fareed 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7823: 7819: 7807: 7803: 7795: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7771: 7767: 7759: 7755: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7727: 7719: 7715: 7707: 7700: 7692: 7688: 7680: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7640: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7616: 7609: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7558: 7554: 7546: 7539: 7531: 7520: 7512: 7508: 7500: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7452: 7445: 7437: 7433: 7425: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7401: 7394: 7386: 7382: 7374: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7347: 7343: 7335: 7331: 7323: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7270: 7266: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7153: 7151: 7150:. 24 April 2007 7140: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7118: 7116: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6987:Boris Yeltsin, 6986: 6982: 6952: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6905: 6903: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6875:on 29 June 2011 6859: 6855: 6846: 6842: 6838:Colton, ch. 15. 6837: 6833: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6779: 6777: 6770: 6766: 6758: 6754: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6725: 6724: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6672:Washington Post 6664: 6660: 6650: 6648: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6624: 6620: 6609: 6605: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6520: 6519: 6512: 6510: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6476: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6436:Wayback Machine 6427: 6423: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6390: 6386: 6373: 6369: 6357: 6353: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6304: 6301:Foreign Affairs 6298: 6294: 6288:Wayback Machine 6279: 6275: 6265: 6263: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6248:Wayback Machine 6239: 6235: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6172:Michael Evans. 6170: 6166: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6145: 6135: 6133: 6132:. 23 April 2007 6124: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6084: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6026: 6025: 6018: 6008: 6006: 5963: 5959: 5948: 5944: 5936: 5914:Foreign Affairs 5906:Foreign Affairs 5901: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5827: 5816: 5799: 5795: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5737: 5734:Foreign Affairs 5730:Daniel Treisman 5728: 5724: 5717: 5703: 5696: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5627: 5619:. M.E. Sharpe. 5611: 5604: 5589: 5585: 5574: 5559: 5536: 5532: 5527:. 12 July 1990. 5519: 5518: 5514: 5504: 5502: 5491: 5487: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5461:. 23 April 2007 5453: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5406: 5402: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5363: 5359: 5344: 5340: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5299: 5295: 5279:Conor O'Clery, 5278: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5223: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5196: 5192: 5184: 5180: 5163: 5154: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4988: 4984: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4952: 4948: 4940: 4933: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4898: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4794: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4758: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4720: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4685: 4677: 4673: 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4633: 4629: 4617: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4593: 4589: 4577: 4573: 4561: 4557: 4545: 4541: 4529: 4525: 4513: 4509: 4501: 4494: 4482: 4475: 4463: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4432: 4420: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4392: 4388: 4376: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4312: 4308: 4296: 4292: 4280: 4276: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4211: 4199: 4195: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4128: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4060: 4053: 4048: 4036: 4035: 4024: 4023: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3659:(November 1969) 3601: 3446: 3317: 3263: 3229: 3128: 3122: 3073: 3003:Dmitry Tursunov 2976:Albert Reynolds 2972:Shannon Airport 2953:, reprinted by 2917: 2912: 2906: 2877: 2875: 2866:Behgjet Pacolli 2824: 2798:dissolving the 2784: 2731:1999 Kosovo War 2684: 2678: 2644:Alexander Lebed 2577:Communist Party 2556: 2548:Main articles: 2546: 2519: 2516: 2489: 2483: 2467:Mikhail Fridman 2455:Vagit Alekperov 2415:Lenin Mausoleum 2400:Anatoly Chubais 2374: 2372: 2366: 2340:nuclear missile 2324: 2303:Alexander Lebed 2295: 2289: 2246:(PfP) push for 2228: 2222: 2209:Communist Party 2107: 2101: 2011:and First Lady 1952: 1950:Radical reforms 1947: 1942: 1936: 1858:Leonid Kravchuk 1830: 1824: 1796: 1659:Yegor Ligachyov 1655: 1624:Yegor Ligachyov 1608: 1517:had been killed 1505:a subway system 1495:of the party's 1489:Leonid Brezhnev 1477:Leonid Brezhnev 1469: 1449: 1430: 1412: 1407: 1391:glavni inzhener 1387:starshii prorab 1347:rheumatic fever 1331: 1247:collective farm 1218:one-party state 1205: 1178: 1173: 1141:War of Dagestan 1077:command economy 974: 945: 935: 913: 888:Post-Presidency 885: 871:2nd Chechen War 852: 838:1st Chechen War 799: 738: 707:CPSU membership 703: 672: 670: 669: 668: 665: 663: 638: 626: 625: 620: 619: 587: 586: 577: 576: 575: 574: 573: 571: 568: 559: 556: 508: 505: 1956) 500: 496: 483: 465:Political party 448: 444: 427: 426:1 February 1931 421: 419: 395: 383: 377: 372: 352: 347: 333: 327: 322: 302: 295: 290: 283: 278: 249: 233: 228: 215: 199: 194: 165: 158: 148: 143: 96: 90: 85: 69: 66: 49: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18630: 18620: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18534: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18362: 18361: 18359: 18358: 18348: 18337: 18335: 18331: 18330: 18328: 18327: 18317: 18307: 18301:Martin Shakkum 18297: 18282: 18270: 18253: 18236: 18218: 18216: 18212: 18211: 18209: 18208: 18207: 18206: 18188: 18186: 18179: 18178: 18176: 18175: 18174: 18173: 18157: 18155: 18151: 18150: 18139: 18138: 18131: 18124: 18116: 18107: 18106: 18104: 18103: 18084: 18070: 18056: 18037: 18017: 18015: 18011: 18010: 18008: 18007: 17987: 17985: 17981: 17980: 17969: 17968: 17961: 17954: 17946: 17937: 17936: 17934: 17933: 17928: 17923: 17921:Sergey Sokolov 17918: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17871:Pyotr Demichev 17868: 17862: 17860: 17856: 17855: 17853: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17805:Dmitry Ustinov 17802: 17797: 17795:Mikhail Suslov 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17770:Andrei Gromyko 17767: 17765:Viktor Grishin 17762: 17757: 17752: 17746: 17744: 17740: 17739: 17731: 17730: 17723: 17716: 17708: 17699: 17698: 17696: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17672: 17667: 17665:Yuri Maslyukov 17662: 17657: 17652: 17649: 17644: 17642:Sergey Sokolov 17639: 17634: 17629: 17624: 17622:Pyotr Demichev 17618: 17616: 17612: 17611: 17609: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17596:Yuri Maslyukov 17593: 17592:Vadim Medvedev 17590: 17585: 17584:Viktor Nikonov 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17535:Andrei Gromyko 17532: 17527: 17522: 17516: 17514: 17510: 17509: 17501: 17500: 17493: 17486: 17478: 17469: 17468: 17466: 17465: 17454: 17451: 17450: 17448: 17447: 17441: 17434: 17432: 17430:Supreme Soviet 17425: 17424: 17422: 17421: 17415: 17409: 17403: 17397: 17391: 17385: 17379: 17373: 17367: 17359: 17352: 17350: 17348:Supreme Soviet 17337: 17336: 17334: 17333: 17327: 17325:(1919, acting) 17319: 17313: 17306: 17304: 17292: 17291: 17283: 17282: 17275: 17268: 17260: 17251: 17250: 17248: 17247: 17242: 17236: 17233: 17232: 17230: 17229: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17190: 17183: 17178: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17139: 17131: 17129: 17123: 17122: 17119: 17118: 17116: 17115: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17052: 17050: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17042: 17037: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16994: 16992: 16983: 16977: 16976: 16974: 16973: 16968: 16962: 16960: 16954: 16953: 16950: 16949: 16947: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16905: 16903: 16897: 16896: 16894: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16843: 16838: 16833: 16828: 16823: 16818: 16813: 16806: 16801: 16793: 16791: 16782: 16780:Russian Empire 16776: 16775: 16761: 16758: 16757: 16750: 16749: 16742: 16735: 16727: 16718: 16717: 16715: 16714: 16703:Vladimir Putin 16700: 16690: 16687:1993, disputed 16679: 16677: 16671: 16670: 16668: 16667: 16660:Vladimir Putin 16657: 16643: 16632:Vladimir Putin 16629: 16614: 16612: 16608: 16607: 16600: 16599: 16592: 16585: 16577: 16568: 16567: 16565: 16564: 16563: 16562: 16557: 16552: 16547: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16486: 16484: 16480: 16479: 16477: 16476: 16471: 16470: 16469: 16468: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16447: 16442: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16422:Prague Process 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16393: 16391: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16362: 16361: 16360: 16359: 16357:Shamil Basayev 16340: 16339: 16338: 16337: 16335:Rustam Muradov 16332: 16327: 16301: 16300: 16299: 16298: 16296:Hikmat Hasanov 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16276:Surat Huseynov 16273: 16268: 16249: 16248: 16247: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16219:Samvel Babayan 16202: 16201: 16200: 16199: 16197:Seyran Ohanyan 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16155: 16153: 16149: 16148: 16146: 16145: 16144: 16143: 16138: 16119: 16118: 16117: 16116: 16114:Vladimir Putin 16111: 16106: 16080: 16079: 16078: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16065:Bayram Safarov 16057: 16056: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16021: 16020: 16019: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15969: 15968: 15967: 15966: 15961: 15959:Serzh Sargsyan 15956: 15951: 15932: 15930: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15922: 15921: 15920: 15915: 15910: 15909: 15908: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15873: 15872: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15825: 15823: 15822:Main locations 15819: 15818: 15816: 15815: 15814: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15767: 15766: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15740: 15738: 15734: 15733: 15731: 15730: 15729: 15728: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15673:Bombardments ( 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15640: 15638: 15631: 15630: 15628: 15627: 15626: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15605: 15602: 15597: 15596: 15595: 15587: 15582: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15551: 15548: 15542: 15540: 15536: 15535: 15533: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15476: 15473: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15408:Battle of Togh 15406: 15403: 15401:Operation Ring 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15358:Sumgait pogrom 15355: 15350: 15348:Çardaqlı clash 15344: 15342: 15335: 15334: 15332: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15315: 15314: 15304: 15303: 15302: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15276: 15275: 15264: 15262: 15258: 15257: 15250: 15249: 15242: 15235: 15227: 15218: 15217: 15214: 15213: 15211: 15210: 15196: 15182: 15168: 15154: 15140: 15138:Ibn al-Khattab 15126: 15112: 15098: 15084: 15070: 15068:Said Buryatsky 15056: 15044: 15030: 15028:Movladi Udugov 15025: 15011: 14997: 14983: 14971: 14966: 14952: 14938: 14923: 14921: 14917: 14916: 14914: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14887: 14885: 14878: 14874: 14873: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14866: 14852: 14838: 14824: 14810: 14808:Movsar Barayev 14796: 14794:Ilyas Akhmadov 14791: 14777: 14763: 14761:Akhmed Zakayev 14758: 14756:Salman Raduyev 14744: 14730: 14728:Shamil Basayev 14716: 14714:Ruslan Gelayev 14702: 14688: 14674: 14660: 14645: 14643: 14639: 14638: 14636: 14635: 14630: 14629: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14593: 14587: 14585: 14578: 14574: 14573: 14570: 14569: 14567: 14566: 14565: 14564: 14550: 14536: 14522: 14520:Ramzan Kadyrov 14517: 14512: 14510:Akhmad Kadyrov 14493: 14492: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14474:Vladimir Putin 14471: 14466: 14455: 14453: 14449: 14448: 14446: 14445: 14444: 14443: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14417: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14396: 14395: 14394: 14389: 14378: 14376: 14369: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14361: 14354: 14347: 14340: 14333: 14326: 14319: 14312: 14305: 14299: 14297: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14268: 14267: 14262: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14242:Assassinations 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14203: 14201: 14200:Related topics 14197: 14196: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14132: 14131: 14117: 14111: 14109: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14101: 14100: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13998: 13996: 13992: 13991: 13989: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13932: 13926: 13920: 13914: 13908: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13890: 13889: 13882: 13875: 13867: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13790: 13788: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13714: 13712: 13706: 13705: 13703: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13650:Timothy Snyder 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13580:Vojtech Mastny 13577: 13575:Geir Lundestad 13572: 13567: 13565:Walter Laqueur 13562: 13560:Walter LaFeber 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13490:André Fontaine 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13420:Gar Alperovitz 13416: 13414: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13390: 13388: 13382: 13381: 13378: 13377: 13375: 13374: 13369: 13363: 13362: 13357: 13350: 13345: 13337: 13335: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13327: 13320: 13315: 13308: 13301: 13296: 13289: 13282: 13275: 13269: 13267: 13260: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13160:Third-Worldism 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13061: 13059: 13055: 13054: 13052: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12988: 12986: 12980: 12979: 12977: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12949:Libertarianism 12946: 12941: 12940: 12939: 12929: 12927:Chicago school 12924: 12918: 12916: 12907: 12903: 12902: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12872:Nixon Doctrine 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12818: 12816: 12815:Foreign policy 12812: 12811: 12809: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12767: 12765: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12755: 12750: 12749: 12748: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12697: 12695: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12600:Operation RYAN 12597: 12592: 12587: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12505:Able Archer 83 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12451: 12450: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12421: 12416: 12410: 12408: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12255:Oromo conflict 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12195:Yom Kippur War 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12054: 12052: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12018: 12017: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11978: 11973: 11972: 11971: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11850: 11849: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11827:Aden Emergency 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11778: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11745:Papua conflict 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11726: 11725: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11677: 11675: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11667: 11662: 11661: 11660: 11650: 11648:Kitchen Debate 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11608:Sputnik crisis 11605: 11600: 11592: 11585: 11580: 11578:Polish October 11575: 11570: 11565: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11478:Pact of Madrid 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11433:Bamboo Curtain 11429: 11427: 11423: 11422: 11420: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11403: 11402: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11232: 11224: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11193: 11188: 11187: 11186: 11181: 11173: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11139: 11137: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11082: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11063: 11062: 11055: 11048: 11040: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11027: 11021: 11019: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10999:Post-communism 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10955: 10953: 10949: 10948: 10946: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10799: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10722: 10720: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10631: 10629: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10589:Czechoslovakia 10586: 10581: 10575: 10573: 10572:Eastern Europe 10564: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10446: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10419:Isaias Afwerki 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10399:Zianon Pazniak 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10310: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10257: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10178:Erich Honecker 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10154: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10090: 10084: 10082: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10023: 10021: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9959:Anti-communism 9956: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9929: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9906: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9880: 9879: 9872: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9857: 9849: 9841: 9836:Naina Yeltsina 9833: 9825: 9816: 9814: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9806: 9799: 9792: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9764: 9757: 9750: 9742: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9725: 9718: 9711: 9703: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9678: 9673: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9632: 9630: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9585: 9584: 9583: 9573: 9567: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9454: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9409: 9407: 9406: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9388: 9387: 9380: 9373: 9365: 9357: 9356: 9351: 9348: 9335: 9330: 9326: 9325: 9321: 9320: 9312:Prime Minister 9298: 9295: 9271: 9251: 9247: 9246: 9243:Vladimir Putin 9241: 9238: 9225: 9209: 9205: 9204: 9184: 9181: 9157: 9131: 9127: 9126: 9110: 9107: 9094: 9086:Supreme Soviet 9070: 9066: 9065: 9056: 9053: 9044:Supreme Soviet 9032: 9027: 9023: 9022: 9018: 9017: 9012: 9009: 8995: 8992:Viktor Grishin 8990: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8977: 8963: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8937: 8928: 8919: 8914: 8901: 8900:External links 8898: 8896: 8895: 8885: 8875: 8868: 8861: 8851: 8841: 8834: 8824: 8817: 8807: 8797: 8790: 8779: 8765: 8743: 8733: 8723: 8709: 8698: 8691: 8684: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8643: 8633: 8626: 8616: 8595: 8585: 8580:978-0708849408 8579: 8566: 8556: 8549: 8543: 8527: 8516: 8506: 8499: 8492: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8454: 8444: 8439:978-0312251857 8438: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8396: 8370: 8344: 8323: 8302: 8276: 8239: 8210: 8182: 8157: 8132: 8108: 8106:, 14 May 1999. 8084: 8053:Åslund, Anders 8044: 8032:"Ельцин Центр" 8023: 8005: 8003:, p. 104. 7993: 7970: 7939: 7927: 7912: 7896: 7894:76 (1997): 22. 7876: 7837:(3): 590–609. 7817: 7801: 7789: 7777: 7765: 7753: 7737: 7735:, p. 380. 7725: 7723:, p. 278. 7713: 7711:, p. 270. 7698: 7686: 7674: 7662: 7650: 7648:, p. 100. 7634: 7622: 7620:, p. 110. 7607: 7601:, p. 15; 7591: 7576: 7564: 7552: 7537: 7518: 7506: 7494: 7482: 7470: 7458: 7443: 7431: 7419: 7407: 7392: 7380: 7365: 7353: 7351:, p. 390. 7341: 7339:, p. 105. 7329: 7317: 7305: 7294:on 28 May 2007 7279: 7264: 7251: 7221: 7199: 7185: 7161: 7146:(in Russian). 7126: 7095: 7069: 7051: 7033: 7015: 6993: 6980: 6939: 6913: 6886: 6853: 6840: 6831: 6813: 6787: 6764: 6752: 6740: 6715: 6689: 6678:on 9 June 2024 6658: 6633: 6630:. p. A35. 6618: 6615:. p. A01. 6603: 6600:. 8 June 1999. 6585: 6563: 6552: 6534: 6492: 6470: 6459:on 19 May 2011 6440: 6421: 6403: 6384: 6367: 6351: 6323: 6292: 6281:Россия Ельцина 6273: 6251: 6233: 6187: 6164: 6155: 6143: 6117: 6091: 6082: 6065: 6033: 6016: 5977:(3): 590–609. 5957: 5942: 5895:Fareed Zakaria 5886: 5864: 5852: 5814: 5793: 5780:10.1086/210001 5756: 5722: 5715: 5694: 5682: 5658: 5632: 5625: 5602: 5583: 5557: 5530: 5512: 5485: 5472: 5446: 5416: 5400: 5376: 5357: 5338: 5319: 5293: 5265: 5263:, p. 119. 5253: 5251:, p. 118. 5241: 5229: 5227:, p. 116. 5214: 5212:, p. 115. 5202: 5200:, p. 113. 5190: 5178: 5152: 5150:, p. 112. 5135: 5122: 5110: 5098: 5096:, p. 109. 5081: 5079:, p. 108. 5069: 5057: 5042: 5030: 5018: 5016:, p. 101. 5006: 5004:, p. 100. 4994: 4982: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4931: 4916: 4904: 4887: 4875: 4863: 4851: 4839: 4827: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4747: 4735: 4718: 4712:, p. 30; 4702: 4683: 4671: 4655: 4643: 4637:, p. 24; 4627: 4611: 4599: 4587: 4571: 4565:, p. 20; 4555: 4549:, p. 18; 4539: 4523: 4517:, p. 16; 4507: 4492: 4486:, p. 17; 4473: 4467:, p. 17; 4457: 4445: 4430: 4424:, p. 11; 4414: 4402: 4386: 4370: 4358: 4346: 4334: 4322: 4306: 4290: 4274: 4258: 4246: 4230: 4209: 4193: 4177: 4165: 4150: 4138: 4122: 4110: 4098: 4082: 4070: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4034: 4033: 4000: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3959:Spinning Boris 3956: 3951: 3949:Shock Doctrine 3946: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3920: 3906: 3892: 3878: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3843:Turkmenistan: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3804: 3803: 3796: 3783: 3782: 3771: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3735:South Africa: 3733: 3726: 3723: 3716: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3685:Foreign awards 3682: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3673:(January 1978) 3669:Soviet Union: 3667: 3662:Soviet Union: 3660: 3655:Soviet Union: 3653: 3646: 3641:Soviet Union: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3631: 3623:Soviet Union: 3621: 3618:Order of Lenin 3616:Soviet Union: 3614: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3553: 3540: 3539: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3445: 3442: 3436:was opened in 3371:Nelson Mandela 3366: 3365: 3357:Michael McFaul 3335:Yeltsin Center 3316: 3313: 3292:Sergei Yesenin 3262: 3259: 3228: 3225: 3158:lain in repose 3124:Main article: 3121: 3118: 3072: 3069: 2964:Strobe Talbott 2933:Vladimir Putin 2916: 2913: 2908:Main article: 2905: 2902: 2874: 2871: 2855:Moscow Kremlin 2823: 2820: 2783: 2780: 2769:Vladimir Putin 2754:Vladimir Putin 2677: 2674: 2666:éminence grise 2545: 2542: 2514: 2505:Larry McDonald 2485:Main article: 2482: 2479: 2368:Main article: 2365: 2362: 2323: 2320: 2291:Main article: 2288: 2285: 2252:Andrei Kozyrev 2248:NATO expansion 2221: 2218: 2103:Main article: 2100: 2097: 2049:Hyperinflation 2025:prime minister 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1938:Main article: 1935: 1932: 1903:and agreed to 1826:Main article: 1823: 1820: 1804:Supreme Soviet 1795: 1792: 1671:City Committee 1654: 1651: 1607: 1604: 1577:Order of Lenin 1537:Supreme Soviet 1468: 1465: 1421:Order of Lenin 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1330: 1327: 1234:dekulakization 1216:, who led the 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1157:prime minister 1153:Vladimir Putin 1129:rule by decree 1101:price controls 1081:market economy 976: 975: 973: 972: 965: 958: 950: 947: 946: 937: 936: 928: 912: 911: 906: 901: 896: 884: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 851: 850: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 813:Gaidar Cabinet 810: 798: 797: 796: 795: 790: 785: 778: 773: 758: 757: 756: 737: 736: 731: 726: 721: 719:27th Politburo 716: 702: 701: 696: 691: 683: 682: 679: 678: 666:a series about 662: 660: 644: 643: 640: 639: 637: 636: 633: 623: 622: 621: 618: 617: 606: 599: 584: 583: 582: 579: 578: 569: 557: 552: 551: 550: 549: 548: 545: 544: 537: 533: 532: 527: 521: 520: 514: 510: 509: 498: 492: 491: 489: 485: 484: 482: 481: 475: 468: 466: 462: 461: 455: 451: 450: 449:Moscow, Russia 447:(aged 76) 441: 437: 436: 417: 413: 412: 408: 407: 404: 403: 398: 392: 391: 389:Viktor Grishin 386: 380: 379: 369: 368: 361: 360: 355: 349: 348: 338: 336: 330: 329: 319: 318: 312:Supreme Soviet 304: 303: 300: 298: 292: 291: 288: 286: 280: 279: 277: 276: 266: 260: 254: 252: 250:Prime Minister 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 225: 224: 217: 216: 214: 213: 211:Vladimir Putin 208: 204: 202: 196: 195: 193: 192: 181: 170: 168: 162: 161: 153: 150:Vice President 145: 144: 142: 141: 140:Vladimir Putin 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 112: 101: 99: 97:Prime Minister 93: 92: 82: 81: 75: 74: 71: 70: 61: 53: 52: 46: 45: 42: 32:Yeltsin (name) 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18629: 18618: 18615: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18377:Boris Yeltsin 18375: 18374: 18372: 18357: 18354: 18353: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18343: 18339: 18338: 18336: 18332: 18326: 18323: 18322: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18312: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18302: 18298: 18295: 18291: 18288: 18287: 18283: 18281: 18280: 18276: 18275: 18271: 18268: 18264: 18263: 18259: 18258: 18254: 18251: 18247: 18246: 18242: 18241: 18237: 18234: 18230: 18229: 18225: 18224: 18220: 18219: 18217: 18213: 18205: 18202: 18201: 18200: 18199: 18195: 18194: 18190: 18189: 18187: 18185: 18180: 18172: 18169: 18168: 18167: 18164: 18163: 18162:Boris Yeltsin 18159: 18158: 18156: 18152: 18148: 18144: 18137: 18132: 18130: 18125: 18123: 18118: 18117: 18114: 18102: 18101: 18096: 18092: 18088: 18087:Vadim Bakatin 18085: 18082: 18078: 18074: 18071: 18068: 18064: 18060: 18057: 18055: 18054: 18049: 18045: 18041: 18038: 18036: 18035: 18030: 18026: 18022: 18019: 18018: 18016: 18012: 18006: 18005: 18000: 17996: 17992: 17991:Boris Yeltsin 17989: 17988: 17986: 17982: 17978: 17974: 17967: 17962: 17960: 17955: 17953: 17948: 17947: 17944: 17932: 17931:Boris Yeltsin 17929: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17866:Heydar Aliyev 17864: 17863: 17861: 17857: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17810:Heydar Aliyev 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17750:Yuri Andropov 17748: 17747: 17745: 17741: 17736: 17729: 17724: 17722: 17717: 17715: 17710: 17709: 17706: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651:Yuri Solovyev 17650: 17648: 17645: 17643: 17640: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17632:Boris Yeltsin 17630: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17619: 17617: 17613: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17520:Heydar Aliyev 17518: 17517: 17515: 17511: 17506: 17499: 17494: 17492: 17487: 17485: 17480: 17479: 17476: 17464: 17456: 17455: 17452: 17445: 17442: 17439: 17436: 17435: 17433: 17431: 17426: 17419: 17416: 17413: 17410: 17407: 17404: 17401: 17398: 17395: 17392: 17389: 17386: 17383: 17380: 17377: 17374: 17371: 17368: 17366: 17364: 17360: 17357: 17354: 17353: 17351: 17349: 17343: 17338: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17324: 17320: 17317: 17314: 17311: 17308: 17307: 17305: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17289: 17281: 17276: 17274: 17269: 17267: 17262: 17261: 17258: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17237: 17234: 17228: 17227: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17210: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17188: 17184: 17182: 17179: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17161: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17144: 17140: 17138: 17137: 17133: 17132: 17130: 17128: 17124: 17114: 17113: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17053: 17051: 17047: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17035: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16991: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16978: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16959: 16955: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16906: 16904: 16902: 16898: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16824: 16822: 16819: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16790: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16777: 16768: 16764: 16759: 16755: 16748: 16743: 16741: 16736: 16734: 16729: 16728: 16725: 16712: 16708: 16704: 16701: 16698: 16694: 16691: 16688: 16684: 16681: 16680: 16678: 16676: 16672: 16665: 16661: 16658: 16655: 16651: 16647: 16644: 16641: 16637: 16633: 16630: 16627: 16623: 16619: 16618:Boris Yeltsin 16616: 16615: 16613: 16609: 16605: 16598: 16593: 16591: 16586: 16584: 16579: 16578: 16575: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16551: 16548: 16546: 16543: 16542: 16541: 16538: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16487: 16485: 16481: 16475: 16472: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16452: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16394: 16392: 16390:Peace process 16388: 16380: 16377: 16376: 16375: 16364: 16363: 16358: 16355: 16354: 16353: 16342: 16341: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16330:Pavel Grachev 16328: 16326: 16316: 16315: 16314: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16271:Rahim Gaziyev 16269: 16267: 16264: 16263: 16262: 16251: 16250: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16216: 16215: 16204: 16203: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16168: 16157: 16156: 16154: 16150: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16133: 16132: 16121: 16120: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16109:Boris Yeltsin 16107: 16105: 16095: 16094: 16093: 16082: 16081: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16062: 16061: 16058: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16048:Heydar Aliyev 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16035: 16034: 16023: 16022: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16006:Bako Sahakyan 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15983: 15982: 15971: 15970: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15946: 15945: 15934: 15933: 15931: 15927: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15907: 15904: 15903: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15877: 15874: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15831: 15830: 15827: 15826: 15824: 15820: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15765: 15762: 15761: 15760: 15759:Border crisis 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15741: 15739: 15735: 15727: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15696: 15692: 15688: 15684: 15680: 15676: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15632: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15610: 15609: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15594: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15543: 15541: 15537: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15477: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15391:Bağanis Ayrum 15389: 15387: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15363:Gugark pogrom 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15353:Askeran clash 15351: 15349: 15346: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15336: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15313: 15310: 15309: 15308: 15305: 15301: 15298: 15297: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15274: 15271: 15270: 15269: 15266: 15265: 15263: 15259: 15255: 15248: 15243: 15241: 15236: 15234: 15229: 15228: 15225: 15209: 15205: 15203: 15197: 15195: 15191: 15189: 15183: 15181: 15177: 15175: 15169: 15167: 15163: 15161: 15155: 15153: 15149: 15147: 15141: 15139: 15135: 15133: 15127: 15125: 15121: 15119: 15113: 15111: 15107: 15105: 15099: 15097: 15093: 15091: 15085: 15083: 15079: 15077: 15071: 15069: 15065: 15063: 15057: 15055: 15051: 15045: 15043: 15039: 15037: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15020: 15018: 15012: 15010: 15006: 15004: 14998: 14996: 14992: 14990: 14984: 14982: 14978: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14961: 14959: 14953: 14951: 14947: 14945: 14939: 14937: 14933: 14931: 14925: 14924: 14922: 14918: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14882: 14879: 14875: 14865: 14861: 14859: 14853: 14851: 14847: 14845: 14839: 14837: 14833: 14831: 14825: 14823: 14822:Muslim Atayev 14819: 14817: 14811: 14809: 14805: 14803: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14789:Vakha Arsanov 14786: 14784: 14778: 14776: 14772: 14770: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14753: 14751: 14745: 14743: 14739: 14737: 14731: 14729: 14725: 14723: 14717: 14715: 14711: 14709: 14703: 14701: 14697: 14695: 14689: 14687: 14683: 14681: 14675: 14673: 14669: 14667: 14661: 14659: 14655: 14653: 14647: 14646: 14644: 14640: 14634: 14631: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14598: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14582: 14579: 14575: 14563: 14559: 14557: 14551: 14549: 14545: 14543: 14537: 14535: 14531: 14529: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14507: 14505: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14494: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14484:Pavel Grachev 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14464:Boris Yeltsin 14462: 14461: 14460: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14450: 14442: 14439: 14438: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14401: 14400: 14397: 14393: 14392:Ground Forces 14390: 14388: 14385: 14384: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14373: 14370: 14366: 14360: 14359: 14355: 14353: 14352: 14348: 14346: 14345: 14341: 14339: 14338: 14334: 14332: 14331: 14327: 14325: 14324: 14320: 14318: 14317: 14313: 14311: 14310: 14306: 14304: 14303:List of films 14301: 14300: 14298: 14294: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14282:Kavkaz Center 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14257: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14204: 14202: 14198: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14130: 14128: 14123: 14122: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14112: 14110: 14108:Major attacks 14106: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14054: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13999: 13997: 13993: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13971:Shatoy ambush 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13943: 13941: 13937: 13930: 13927: 13924: 13921: 13918: 13915: 13912: 13909: 13906: 13903: 13902: 13899: 13895: 13888: 13883: 13881: 13876: 13874: 13869: 13868: 13865: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13839: 13836: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13814:War on terror 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13785: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13709:Espionage and 13707: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13660:Andrew Thorpe 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13555:Gabriel Kolko 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13520:Fred Halliday 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13505:Lloyd Gardner 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13465:Norman Davies 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13450:John Costello 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13411: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13385:Technological 13383: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13355: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13343: 13339: 13338: 13336: 13332: 13326: 13325: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13313: 13309: 13307: 13306: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13294: 13290: 13288: 13287: 13283: 13281: 13280: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13266:Pro-communist 13264: 13261: 13257: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13193:Organizations 13191: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13056: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13024: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13007:Eurocommunism 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12985: 12981: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12938: 12935: 12934: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12908: 12904: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12837:Domino theory 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12813: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12791:South Ossetia 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12764: 12760: 12754: 12751: 12747: 12744: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12698: 12696: 12692: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12575:8888 Uprising 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12520:Iran–Iraq War 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12485:Falklands War 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12405: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12348:NDF Rebellion 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12328:German Autumn 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12308: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12215:Metapolitefsi 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12110: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12053: 12049: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12016: 12013: 12012: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11979: 11977: 11976:Prague Spring 11974: 11970: 11967: 11966: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11954:Al-Wadiah War 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11919:12-3 incident 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11762: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11716: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11672: 11666: 11663: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11598: 11593: 11590: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11563: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11498:Domino theory 11496: 11494: 11493:Petrov Affair 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11424: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11370:Madiun Affair 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11330:Marshall Plan 11328: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11233: 11231: 11230: 11225: 11223: 11222: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11199: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11179: 11174: 11172: 11171: 11166: 11165: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11134: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11083: 11081: 11080: 11079:United States 11076: 11075: 11072: 11068: 11061: 11056: 11054: 11049: 11047: 11042: 11041: 11038: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11016: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11004:Yugoslav Wars 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10994:Neo-Stalinism 10992: 10990: 10989:Neo-Sovietism 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10950: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10873:Black January 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10792: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10717: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10626: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10568: 10565: 10559: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10441: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10424:Ronald Reagan 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10404:Zhelyu Zhelev 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10384:Boris Yeltsin 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10364:Joachim Gauck 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10303: 10297: 10296:Strike action 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10250: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10238:Todor Zhivkov 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10228:Deng Xiaoping 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10147: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10057:Soviet Empire 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10018:International 10016: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9938: 9934: 9927: 9922: 9920: 9915: 9913: 9908: 9907: 9904: 9892: 9891: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9862: 9853: 9852:Elena Okulova 9850: 9845: 9842: 9837: 9834: 9829: 9826: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9798: 9797: 9793: 9791: 9790: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9779: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9765: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9751: 9749: 9748: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9726: 9724: 9723: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9712: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9698: 9692: 9689: 9686: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9671: 9670:Yekaterinburg 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629:Commemoration 9627: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9598: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9589: 9586: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9548:List of trips 9546: 9543: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9518:Privatization 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9392:Boris Yeltsin 9386: 9381: 9379: 9374: 9372: 9367: 9366: 9363: 9354: 9353:Pavel Grachev 9345: 9340: 9333: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9313: 9310: 9301: 9292: 9290: 9286: 9280: 9276: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9248: 9244: 9235: 9234: 9230: 9222: 9218: 9215: 9206: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9178: 9176: 9172: 9166: 9162: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9134: 9128: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9104: 9103: 9099: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9076: 9067: 9059: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9024: 9019: 9015: 9006: 9005: 9001: 8993: 8987: 8983: 8974: 8973: 8969: 8961: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8909: 8904: 8903: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8839: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8818: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8795: 8791: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8744: 8741: 8738: 8734: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8707: 8703: 8702:Slavic Review 8699: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8654: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8631: 8627: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8596: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8576: 8572: 8567: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8500: 8497: 8493: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8435: 8431: 8426: 8425: 8418: 8417: 8405: 8400: 8384: 8380: 8374: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8333: 8327: 8312: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8280: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8235: 8231: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8199: 8198: 8193: 8186: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8112: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8094: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8054: 8048: 8033: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8009: 8002: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7974: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7943: 7936: 7931: 7924: 7923: 7919:Cindy Skach, 7916: 7909: 7905: 7900: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7880: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7821: 7815: 7811: 7808:Way, Lucan. “ 7805: 7798: 7793: 7786: 7781: 7774: 7769: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7734: 7729: 7722: 7717: 7710: 7705: 7703: 7696:, p. 83. 7695: 7690: 7684:, p. 45. 7683: 7678: 7672:, p. 88. 7671: 7666: 7660:, p. 28. 7659: 7654: 7647: 7643: 7638: 7631: 7626: 7619: 7614: 7612: 7605:, p. 57. 7604: 7600: 7595: 7589:, p. 32. 7588: 7583: 7581: 7574:, p. 17. 7573: 7568: 7562:, p. 91. 7561: 7556: 7550:, p. 31. 7549: 7544: 7542: 7535:, p. 92. 7534: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7515: 7510: 7504:, p. 48. 7503: 7498: 7491: 7486: 7480:, p. 36. 7479: 7474: 7468:, p. 51. 7467: 7462: 7456:, p. 50. 7455: 7450: 7448: 7440: 7435: 7429:, p. 40. 7428: 7423: 7416: 7411: 7405:, p. 36. 7404: 7399: 7397: 7390:, p. 35. 7389: 7384: 7378:, p. 29. 7377: 7372: 7370: 7363:, p. 42. 7362: 7357: 7350: 7345: 7338: 7333: 7326: 7321: 7314: 7309: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7276: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7255: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7195: 7189: 7173: 7165: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7133: 7131: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7055: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6990: 6984: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6969:5-93321-073-0 6966: 6958: 6955: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6844: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6756: 6749: 6744: 6728: 6722: 6720: 6703: 6696: 6694: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6629: 6622: 6614: 6607: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6573: 6567: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6530: 6524: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6496: 6481: 6474: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6425: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6379: 6371: 6364: 6360: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6340:(3): 420–21. 6339: 6335: 6327: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6296: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6277: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6237: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6191: 6175: 6168: 6159: 6150: 6148: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6089:Forden (2001) 6086: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6037: 6029: 6023: 6021: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5946: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5797: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5760: 5744: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5718: 5716:0-333-62265-0 5712: 5708: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5628: 5626:9781563246371 5622: 5618: 5617: 5609: 5607: 5600: 5599:archive.today 5596: 5593: 5587: 5579: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5380: 5374: 5373:0-8050-4154-0 5370: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5354:0-8050-4154-0 5351: 5347: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5262: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5221: 5219: 5211: 5206: 5199: 5194: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5174:0-00-653041-9 5171: 5167: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5132: 5126: 5119: 5114: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5078: 5073: 5067:, p. 90. 5066: 5061: 5055:, p. 93. 5054: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5034: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5010: 5003: 4998: 4991: 4986: 4979: 4974: 4968:, p. 89. 4967: 4962: 4956:, p. 87. 4955: 4950: 4944:, p. 84. 4943: 4938: 4936: 4929:, p. 80. 4928: 4923: 4921: 4913: 4908: 4902:, p. 95. 4901: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4885:, p. 94. 4884: 4879: 4872: 4867: 4861:, p. 77. 4860: 4855: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4825:, p. 96. 4824: 4819: 4817: 4810:, p. 75. 4809: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4780: 4773: 4768: 4762:, p. 65. 4761: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4745:, p. 69. 4744: 4739: 4733:, p. 86. 4732: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4716:, p. 68. 4715: 4711: 4706: 4700:, p. 34. 4699: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4680: 4675: 4669:, p. 66. 4668: 4664: 4659: 4653:, p. 25. 4652: 4647: 4641:, p. 66. 4640: 4636: 4631: 4625:, p. 65. 4624: 4620: 4615: 4608: 4603: 4596: 4591: 4585:, p. 65. 4584: 4580: 4575: 4569:, p. 64. 4568: 4564: 4559: 4553:, p. 58. 4552: 4548: 4543: 4537:, p. 62. 4536: 4532: 4527: 4521:, p. 64. 4520: 4516: 4511: 4505:, p. 59. 4504: 4499: 4497: 4490:, p. 56. 4489: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4471:, p. 58. 4470: 4466: 4461: 4455:, p. 14. 4454: 4449: 4443:, p. 56. 4442: 4437: 4435: 4428:, p. 53. 4427: 4423: 4418: 4412:, p. 10. 4411: 4406: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4384:, p. 44. 4383: 4380:, p. 9; 4379: 4374: 4368:, p. 43. 4367: 4362: 4355: 4350: 4344:, p. 40. 4343: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4304:, p. 33. 4303: 4300:, p. 7; 4299: 4294: 4288:, p. 28. 4287: 4284:, p. 6; 4283: 4278: 4272:, p. 26. 4271: 4268:, p. 6; 4267: 4262: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4240:, p. 5; 4239: 4234: 4228:, p. 37. 4227: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4206: 4203:, p. 5; 4202: 4197: 4191:, p. 38. 4190: 4186: 4181: 4175:, p. 18. 4174: 4169: 4163:, p. 35. 4162: 4157: 4155: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4132:, p. 5; 4131: 4126: 4120:, p. 39. 4119: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4096:, p. 16. 4095: 4092:, p. 4; 4091: 4086: 4080:, p. 14. 4079: 4074: 4068:, p. 17. 4067: 4064:, p. 4; 4063: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4043: 4041: 4040:Boris Jeljcin 4027: 4021: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3993: 3990: and the 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3971: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3907: 3904: 3893: 3890: 3889:Russia portal 3879: 3876: 3865: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3831:Samara Oblast 3828: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3775:Olympic Order 3772: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3548: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3438:Yekaterinburg 3435: 3432:In 2015, the 3430: 3426: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3321: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3288:Anton Chekhov 3284: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3261:Personal life 3258: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169:Alexander III 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3132: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3082: 3077: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3051:presidential 3050: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011:Boris Nemtsov 3004: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2950:La Repubblica 2941: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2921:heart disease 2911: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2862:Yuri Skuratov 2858: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839:Pavel Borodin 2833: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2770: 2766: 2763:Yeltsin with 2761: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2729:. During the 2728: 2724: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2652:Pavel Grachev 2649: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2605:Mikhail Lesin 2596: 2592: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2513: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2451:Rem Viakhirev 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2396: 2395:privatization 2388: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2227: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131:Valery Zorkin 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2039:and restrict 2038: 2034: 2030: 2029:foreign trade 2026: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 2000:'s Bulgaria. 1999: 1998:Zhelyu Zhelev 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1900:fait accompli 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1829: 1819: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1699: 1691: 1688:Yeltsin with 1686: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1614:The reformer 1612: 1603: 1601: 1600:Soviet leader 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581:Yuri Andropov 1578: 1574: 1573:Tyumen Oblast 1568: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1515:royal family 1514: 1510: 1509:Ipatiev House 1506: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1464: 1461: 1456: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1402: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1232:coupled with 1231: 1227: 1224:according to 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Joseph Stalin 1202: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1070:1996 election 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 971: 966: 964: 959: 957: 952: 951: 949: 948: 944: 943: 942: 941:Media gallery 933: 929: 926: 922: 921: 920: 918: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 890: 889: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 858: 857: 856: 848: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 805: 804: 803: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 783: 779: 777: 774: 771: 767: 764: 763: 762: 759: 755: 752: 751: 750: 747: 746: 745: 744: 743: 735: 734:28th Congress 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 711: 710: 709: 708: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 685: 684: 675: 673:Boris Yeltsin 661: 658: 654: 653: 650: 649: 641: 634: 632: 628: 627: 615: 611: 607: 604: 600: 597: 593: 589: 588: 580: 555: 546: 542: 538: 534: 531: 528: 526: 522: 519: 516:2, including 515: 511: 495: 490: 486: 479: 476: 473: 470: 469: 467: 463: 459: 456: 454:Resting place 452: 443:23 April 2007 442: 438: 434: 430: 418: 414: 409: 405: 402: 399: 393: 390: 387: 381: 375: 370: 367: 362: 359: 356: 350: 345: 341: 337: 331: 325: 320: 317: 313: 309: 305: 299: 293: 287: 281: 274: 270: 267: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 253: 247: 244: 241: 237: 231: 226: 223: 218: 212: 209: 206: 205: 203: 197: 190: 186: 182: 179: 175: 172: 171: 169: 163: 157: 154: 151: 146: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 106: 103: 102: 100: 94: 88: 83: 80: 76: 72: 59: 54: 47: 43:Boris Yeltsin 40: 37: 33: 19: 18355: 18350: 18345: 18342:Aman Tuleyev 18340: 18324: 18319: 18314: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18289: 18284: 18277: 18272: 18260: 18255: 18243: 18238: 18226: 18221: 18196: 18191: 18165: 18161: 18160: 18098: 18059:Aman Tuleyev 18051: 18032: 18025:Boris Gromov 18002: 17990: 17930: 17785:Arvīds Pelše 17743:Full members 17660:Dmitry Yazov 17631: 17513:Full members 17443: 17361: 17321: 17288:Russian SFSR 17224: 17207: 17185: 17160:Chernomyrdin 17158: 17149:Chernomyrdin 17141: 17135: 17134: 17110: 17032: 16981:Russian SFSR 16766: 16762: 16617: 16108: 16053:Ilham Aliyev 15201: 15194:Abdulla Kurd 15187: 15173: 15159: 15152:Abu al-Walid 15145: 15131: 15117: 15103: 15089: 15075: 15061: 15035: 15016: 15002: 14988: 14964:Dokka Umarov 14957: 14943: 14929: 14857: 14843: 14829: 14815: 14801: 14782: 14768: 14749: 14742:Arbi Barayev 14735: 14721: 14707: 14693: 14679: 14665: 14651: 14555: 14541: 14527: 14515:Alu Alkhanov 14503: 14463: 14387:Armed Forces 14357: 14349: 14342: 14336: 14328: 14321: 14315: 14307: 14277:Chechenpress 14126: 13819:Brinkmanship 13711:intelligence 13600:Marius Oprea 13550:Harvey Klehr 13480:Herbert Feis 13470:Willem Drees 13435:Archie Brown 13352: 13340: 13322: 13312:Trybuna Ludu 13310: 13303: 13299:Radio Moscow 13291: 13284: 13277: 13105:Anti-Zionism 13021: 12944:Keynesianism 12932:Conservatism 12796:Transnistria 12776:China-Taiwan 12433:Gera Demands 12306: 12107: 11982: 11787:El Porteñazo 11681:Congo Crisis 11596: 11531:Algerian War 11514: 11390:Western Bloc 11385:Eastern Bloc 11380:Iron Curtain 11236: 11228: 11220: 11197: 11177: 11169: 11086:Soviet Union 11084: 11077: 10952:Later events 10868:Malta Summit 10700:Turkmenistan 10628:Soviet Union 10614:Soviet Union 10594:East Germany 10414:Meles Zenawi 10383: 10369:Sali Berisha 10319:Václav Havel 10266:Human chains 10173:Károly Grósz 10103:Khozraschyot 9994:Nomenklatura 9969:Eastern Bloc 9883: 9874: 9867: 9801: 9794: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9766: 9759: 9752: 9745: 9727: 9720: 9713: 9706: 9618:Xerox affair 9597:Vote or lose 9391: 9337: 9308: 9300:Yegor Gaidar 9273: 9267:Russian SFSR 9259: 9227: 9221:Russian SFSR 9213: 9192: 9175:Russian SFSR 9165:Russian SFSR 9159: 9153:Russian SFSR 9141: 9114: 9102:Russian SFSR 9096: 9090:Russian SFSR 9074: 9048:Russian SFSR 9034: 8997: 8965: 8960:Yakov Ryabov 8888: 8878: 8871: 8864: 8854: 8844: 8837: 8827: 8820: 8810: 8800: 8793: 8782: 8739: 8726: 8712: 8701: 8694: 8687: 8677: 8670: 8663: 8656: 8646: 8636: 8629: 8619: 8606:(1): 29–43. 8603: 8599: 8588: 8570: 8559: 8552: 8534: 8519: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8485: 8478: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8447: 8428:. New York: 8423: 8399: 8387:. Retrieved 8382: 8373: 8361:. Retrieved 8357:Getty Images 8356: 8347: 8335:. Retrieved 8326: 8314:. Retrieved 8305: 8293:. Retrieved 8288: 8279: 8267:. Retrieved 8263:the original 8256: 8201:. Retrieved 8195: 8185: 8173:. Retrieved 8170:Russia Votes 8169: 8160: 8148:. Retrieved 8145:Russia Votes 8144: 8135: 8127: 8122: 8118: 8111: 8103: 8087: 8075:. Retrieved 8071:the original 8060: 8047: 8035:. Retrieved 8026: 8017: 8008: 7996: 7988:the original 7983: 7973: 7961:. Retrieved 7952: 7942: 7937:, p. 3. 7930: 7920: 7915: 7899: 7891: 7879: 7867:. Retrieved 7834: 7830: 7820: 7813: 7812:.” (2008). 7804: 7799:, p. 8. 7792: 7787:, p. 9. 7780: 7768: 7763:, p. 7. 7756: 7745: 7740: 7728: 7716: 7689: 7677: 7665: 7653: 7637: 7625: 7594: 7567: 7555: 7516:, p. 8. 7509: 7497: 7485: 7473: 7461: 7441:, p. 6. 7434: 7422: 7410: 7383: 7356: 7344: 7332: 7320: 7308: 7296:. Retrieved 7292:the original 7282: 7274: 7267: 7254: 7242:. Retrieved 7238:the original 7224: 7216:the original 7202: 7188: 7176:. Retrieved 7164: 7152:. Retrieved 7143: 7117:. Retrieved 7113:the original 7098: 7086:. Retrieved 7082:the original 7072: 7063: 7054: 7045: 7036: 7027: 7018: 7010:the original 7005: 6996: 6988: 6983: 6956: 6930:. Retrieved 6926:Daily Mirror 6925: 6916: 6904:. Retrieved 6902:. London, UK 6899: 6889: 6877:. Retrieved 6873:the original 6866: 6856: 6848: 6843: 6834: 6825: 6816: 6804:. Retrieved 6800:Russia Votes 6799: 6790: 6778:. Retrieved 6767: 6762:, p. 2. 6755: 6750:, p. 1. 6743: 6731:. Retrieved 6706:. Retrieved 6680:. Retrieved 6676:the original 6671: 6661: 6649:. Retrieved 6645: 6636: 6627: 6621: 6612: 6606: 6597: 6588: 6576:. Retrieved 6566: 6555: 6547:The Guardian 6546: 6537: 6511:. Retrieved 6504: 6495: 6483:. Retrieved 6473: 6461:. Retrieved 6457:the original 6452: 6443: 6424: 6415: 6406: 6397: 6387: 6370: 6354: 6337: 6333: 6326: 6314:. Retrieved 6310:the original 6300: 6295: 6276: 6264:. Retrieved 6254: 6236: 6203: 6197: 6190: 6178:. Retrieved 6167: 6158: 6134:. Retrieved 6129: 6120: 6108:. Retrieved 6104:the original 6094: 6085: 6076:#399 (2001) 6073: 6068: 6056:. Retrieved 6052:the original 6045: 6042:"Death Trap" 6036: 6007:. Retrieved 5974: 5970: 5960: 5950: 5945: 5934:the original 5909: 5905: 5889: 5877:. Retrieved 5867: 5855: 5843:. Retrieved 5834: 5806: 5796: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5747:. Retrieved 5743:the original 5733: 5725: 5706: 5685: 5673:. Retrieved 5649:. Retrieved 5644: 5635: 5615: 5586: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5524: 5515: 5503:. Retrieved 5498: 5488: 5480: 5475: 5463:. Retrieved 5458: 5449: 5437:. Retrieved 5433:the original 5428: 5419: 5403: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5364: 5360: 5345: 5341: 5332: 5322: 5310:. Retrieved 5306: 5296: 5280: 5256: 5244: 5232: 5205: 5193: 5181: 5165: 5130: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5072: 5060: 5033: 5021: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4907: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4842: 4830: 4803: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4738: 4705: 4674: 4658: 4646: 4630: 4614: 4602: 4590: 4574: 4558: 4542: 4526: 4510: 4460: 4448: 4417: 4405: 4389: 4373: 4361: 4349: 4337: 4325: 4309: 4293: 4277: 4261: 4249: 4233: 4196: 4180: 4168: 4141: 4125: 4113: 4101: 4085: 4073: 4039: 4037: 4003: 3995: 3988:Nikolayevich 3987: 3974: 3845:Turkmenistan 3806: 3805: 3785: 3784: 3760: 3759: 3697:Kazakhstan: 3684: 3683: 3666:(April 1975) 3603: 3602: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3573:Doesn't know 3543: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3519:Doesn't know 3487:Indifference 3447: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3401: 3398: 3387: 3379:Václav Havel 3367: 3351: 3304: 3300: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3251:Russian SFSR 3243: 3236: 3230: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3189: 3166: 3143: 3137: 3107: 3086: 3048: 3045: 3041:Bill Clinton 3039: 3035: 3027: 3019:Kremlin pool 3008: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2918: 2899: 2892: 2859: 2836: 2800:Soviet Union 2785: 2773: 2747: 2720: 2701: 2692:Bill Clinton 2655: 2641: 2633: 2612:Bill Clinton 2609: 2601: 2585: 2569: 2521: 2510: 2497: 2490: 2428: 2424: 2421:, 9 May 1995 2404: 2392: 2387:Bill Clinton 2385:Yeltsin and 2355: 2325: 2315: 2307: 2296: 2273: 2269: 2266:and warned: 2260:Bill Clinton 2242:and ensuing 2229: 2213: 2202: 2194: 2182: 2163: 2143: 2123:Yegor Gaidar 2108: 2077: 2045: 2022: 2013:Barbara Bush 1973: 1913: 1898: 1896: 1850: 1842:Vaclav Havel 1839: 1812: 1797: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1750: 1738: 1731: 1712: 1696: 1694: 1679:Leon Trotsky 1664: 1656: 1640: 1628:nomenklatura 1621: 1596: 1569: 1562: 1552: 1545: 1522: 1501: 1486: 1480: 1459: 1444: 1438: 1428:Yakov Ryabov 1425: 1416: 1413: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1332: 1299: 1270:kindergarten 1255: 1211: 1190:Soviet Union 1179: 1165: 1149:arms control 1074: 1027: 1001: 980: 979: 940: 938: 914: 887: 886: 866:Ruble crisis 854: 853: 801: 800: 793:Xerox affair 780: 770:Vote or lose 740: 739: 705: 704: 671: 605:Secretariat 494:Naina Girina 480:(after 1990) 445:(2007-04-23) 396:Succeeded by 373: 353:Succeeded by 323: 316:Russian SFSR 296:Succeeded by 272: 268: 258:Ivan Silayev 229: 222:Russian SFSR 200:Succeeded by 177: 173: 115:Yegor Gaidar 108: 104: 86: 50:Борис Ельцин 36: 18517:Perestroika 18387:2007 deaths 18382:1931 births 18356:Independent 18346:Independent 18325:Independent 18315:Independent 18311:Yury Vlasov 18305:Independent 18290:Independent 18166:Independent 18095:Independent 18081:Independent 18067:Independent 17999:Independent 17737:(1981–1986) 17507:(1986–1990) 17446:(1990–1991) 17420:(1988–1990) 17414:(1985–1988) 17408:(1966–1985) 17402:(1962–1966) 17396:(1959–1962) 17384:(1950–1959) 17378:(1946–1950) 17372:(1944–1946) 17358:(1938–1944) 17332:(1919–1938) 17323:Vladimirsky 17318:(1917–1919) 17091:Solomentsev 16876:von Reutern 16846:Chernyshyov 16836:Vasilchikov 16831:Novosiltsev 16810:Vyazmitinov 16397:Baker rules 16374:Afghanistan 16136:Turgut Özal 15834:Stepanakert 15691:Stepanakert 15386:Baku pogrom 15341:(1988–1994) 14577:Separatists 14441:Kadyrovites 14368:Federalists 14232:Mass graves 13931:(2009–2017) 13925:(2007–2015) 13919:(1999–2009) 13907:(1994–1996) 13645:Shen Zhihua 13455:Michael Cox 13387:competition 13334:Pro-Western 13324:Soviet Life 13250:Safari Club 13220:Warsaw Pact 13075:Nationalism 13065:Imperialism 12964:Reaganomics 12827:Containment 12620:Perestroika 12109:Realpolitik 11939:Six-Day War 11924:Greek junta 11735:Berlin Wall 11583:Suez Crisis 11551:Vietnam War 11438:McCarthyism 11253:Baruch Plan 11198:Unthinkable 11158:Dekemvriana 11097:Warsaw Pact 10928:August Coup 10781:South Yemen 10726:Afghanistan 10570:Central and 10563:by location 10467:Civic Forum 10354:Feng Congde 10329:Ion Iliescu 10314:Lech Wałęsa 10271:Magnitizdat 10233:Zhao Ziyang 10223:Heng Samrin 10183:Miloš Jakeš 10093:Perestroika 9685:Cholpon-Ata 9405:(1991–1999) 8982:Yuri Petrov 8940:Appearances 8289:РИА Новости 8203:24 November 8018:news.err.ee 8001:Colton 2008 7935:Colton 2008 7797:Colton 2008 7785:Colton 2008 7761:Colton 2008 7694:Colton 2008 7682:Colton 2008 7670:Colton 2008 7646:Colton 2008 7630:Colton 2008 7618:Colton 2008 7603:Colton 2008 7560:Colton 2008 7533:Colton 2008 7502:Colton 2008 7490:Colton 2008 7478:Colton 2008 7466:Colton 2008 7454:Colton 2008 7439:Colton 2008 7337:Colton 2008 6760:Colton 2008 6748:Colton 2008 6330:See, e.g., 6206:(1): 1–13. 5774:(1): 1–50. 5651:27 December 5479:Leon Aron, 5412:Коммерсантъ 5312:11 December 5261:Colton 2008 5249:Colton 2008 5237:Colton 2008 5225:Colton 2008 5210:Colton 2008 5198:Colton 2008 5186:Colton 2008 5164:Leon Aron, 5148:Colton 2008 5129:Leon Aron, 5118:Colton 2008 5106:Colton 2008 5094:Colton 2008 5077:Colton 2008 5065:Colton 2008 5053:Colton 2008 5038:Colton 2008 5026:Colton 2008 5014:Colton 2008 5002:Colton 2008 4990:Colton 2008 4978:Colton 2008 4966:Colton 2008 4954:Colton 2008 4942:Colton 2008 4927:Colton 2008 4912:Colton 2008 4900:Colton 2008 4883:Colton 2008 4871:Colton 2008 4859:Colton 2008 4847:Colton 2008 4835:Colton 2008 4823:Colton 2008 4808:Colton 2008 4796:Colton 2008 4784:Colton 2008 4772:Colton 2008 4760:Colton 2008 4743:Colton 2008 4731:Colton 2008 4714:Colton 2008 4679:Colton 2008 4667:Colton 2008 4639:Colton 2008 4623:Colton 2008 4583:Colton 2008 4567:Colton 2008 4551:Colton 2008 4535:Colton 2008 4519:Colton 2008 4503:Colton 2008 4488:Colton 2008 4469:Colton 2008 4441:Colton 2008 4426:Colton 2008 4398:Colton 2008 4382:Colton 2008 4366:Colton 2008 4354:Colton 2008 4342:Colton 2008 4330:Colton 2008 4318:Colton 2008 4302:Colton 2008 4286:Colton 2008 4270:Colton 2008 4254:Colton 2008 4242:Colton 2008 4226:Colton 2008 4205:Colton 2008 4189:Colton 2008 4173:Colton 2008 4161:Colton 2008 4146:Colton 2008 4134:Colton 2008 4118:Colton 2008 4106:Colton 2008 4094:Colton 2008 4078:Colton 2008 4066:Colton 2008 3992:family name 3742:Lithuania: 3586:Sample size 3532:Sample size 3375:Lech Wałęsa 3238:Kathimerini 3164:in Moscow. 2968:an incident 2873:Resignation 2816:impeachment 2670:against all 2621:Helmut Kohl 2616:Alain Juppé 2528:Roh Tae-woo 2326:In 1995, a 2256:Lech Wałęsa 2147:impeachment 2017:White House 1994:Lech Wałęsa 1990:Árpád Göncz 1968:Shushkevich 1753:was elected 1746:perestroika 1595:, and thus 1431: [ 1405:CPSU career 1343:tonsillitis 1251:Nadezhdinsk 1135:led to the 1061:nationalist 1038:multi-party 1029:perestroika 1008:Ural Oblast 876:Resignation 855:Second term 833:1993 crisis 818:August Coup 478:Independent 474:(1961–1990) 433:Ural Oblast 384:Preceded by 334:Preceded by 284:Preceded by 166:Preceded by 159:(1991–1993) 18371:Categories 18143:Candidates 17973:Candidates 17693:Boris Pugo 17540:Lev Zaykov 17418:Vorotnikov 17187:Khristenko 17096:Vorotnikov 17061:Chernousov 17023:Vakhrushev 16804:Rumyantsev 16771:small type 16611:Presidents 16261:Azerbaijan 16033:Azerbaijan 15721:War crimes 15649:Casualties 15635:Second war 15261:Background 14981:Ali Taziev 14896:Mujahideen 14884:Combatants 14877:Mujahideen 14584:Combatants 14375:Combatants 14358:The Search 14247:Casualties 13413:Historians 13404:Space Race 13305:Rudé právo 13259:Propaganda 13115:Neo-Nazism 13085:Chauvinism 13039:Trotskyism 12954:Monetarism 12922:Liberalism 12914:Capitalism 12906:Ideologies 12857:Ostpolitik 12580:Solidarity 12545:Toyota War 12448:Solidarity 12305:Operation 12260:Ogaden War 11949:Dhofar War 11837:Shifta War 11595:Operation 11443:Korean War 11235:Operation 11227:Operation 11219:Operation 11196:Operation 11176:Operation 11168:Operation 10969:Lustration 10843:Baltic Way 10794:Individual 10771:Mozambique 10710:Uzbekistan 10695:Tajikistan 10680:Kyrgyzstan 10675:Kazakhstan 10640:Azerbaijan 10619:Yugoslavia 10497:Solidarity 10457:Charter 77 10443:Opposition 10339:Wu'erkaixi 10305:Opposition 10252:Opposition 10243:Siad Barre 10188:Egon Krenz 10158:Ramiz Alia 10149:Government 10088:Uskoreniye 10020:background 9942:background 9855:(daughter) 9847:(daughter) 9761:Tsar Boris 9450:Presidency 9420:Birthplace 9133:Oleg Lobov 9014:Lev Zaykov 8740:Leadership 8721:023150263X 8486:Ab Imperio 8363:27 January 7427:Evans 1994 7415:Evans 1994 7403:Evans 1994 7388:Evans 1994 7376:Evans 1994 7361:Evans 1994 7109:Kommersant 6959:(Russian: 6932:3 November 6780:29 January 6708:1 November 6506:Asia Times 6463:3 November 6359:Борис-боец 6266:3 November 6180:3 November 5879:3 November 5845:27 January 5835:The Nation 5690:Evans 1994 4046:References 3984:patronymic 3635:Sverdlovsk 3463:Admiration 3196:half-staff 3065:bronchitis 3023:Björn Borg 2937:First Lady 2851:State Duma 2792:State Duma 2739:Yugoslavia 2680:See also: 2587:daughter, 2224:See also: 2205:State Duma 2174:Sevastopol 2166:dual power 1920:Kazakhstan 1417:nachal'nik 1339:Sverdlovsk 997:liberalism 802:First term 699:Yeltsinism 694:Presidency 689:Early life 598:Politburo 525:Alma mater 422:1931-02-01 401:Lev Zaykov 263:Oleg Lobov 18:Yeltsinism 17342:Presidium 17220:Mishustin 17171:Stepashin 17154:Kiriyenko 17081:Polyansky 16929:Goremykin 16924:Kokovtsov 16914:Goremykin 16798:Vorontsov 15623:Reactions 15613:Incidents 15339:First war 14337:Alexandra 14129:hijacking 13700:Ken Young 13545:Tony Judt 13394:Arms race 13367:Red Scare 13235:NN States 13180:Apartheid 13135:Autocracy 13044:Stalinism 13012:Guevarism 13002:Castroism 12992:Communism 12984:Socialism 12510:Star Wars 12103:Koza riot 11229:Beleaguer 11221:Masterdom 11009:Pink tide 10803:Jeltoqsan 10719:Elsewhere 10670:Lithuania 10522:Rastokhez 10462:New Forum 10445:movements 10344:Chai Ling 9954:Communism 9563:Elections 9285:President 9263:President 9229:President 9217:President 9196:President 9171:President 9118:President 9098:President 9082:Presidium 9040:Presidium 8933:from the 8175:5 January 8150:5 January 7851:0092-5853 7773:Aron 2000 7658:Aron 2000 7642:Aron 2000 7599:Aron 2000 7587:Aron 2000 7572:Aron 2000 7548:Aron 2000 7514:Aron 2000 7275:The Times 7258:BBC News 7064:bbc.co.uk 7046:bbc.co.uk 7028:bbc.co.uk 7006:USA Today 6900:The Times 6868:The Times 6826:bbc.co.uk 6682:1 October 6651:1 October 6176:. Gwu.edu 6110:8 January 5991:0092-5853 5788:143545643 5590:Прайс М. 5546:: 58–83. 5367:, p. 90; 5348:, p. 86; 4710:Aron 2000 4698:Aron 2000 4663:Aron 2000 4651:Aron 2000 4635:Aron 2000 4619:Aron 2000 4607:Aron 2000 4595:Aron 2000 4579:Aron 2000 4563:Aron 2000 4547:Aron 2000 4531:Aron 2000 4515:Aron 2000 4484:Aron 2000 4465:Aron 2000 4453:Aron 2000 4422:Aron 2000 4410:Aron 2000 4394:Aron 2000 4378:Aron 2000 4314:Aron 2000 4298:Aron 2000 4282:Aron 2000 4266:Aron 2000 4238:Aron 2000 4201:Aron 2000 4185:Aron 2000 4130:Aron 2000 4090:Aron 2000 4062:Aron 2000 3836:Armenia: 3704:Ukraine: 3690:Belarus: 3627:, twice; 3565:More good 3511:Revulsion 3094:pneumonia 3061:pneumonia 3017:from the 2788:communist 2524:black box 2431:oligarchs 2344:submarine 1890:sign the 1872:. In the 1647:Politburo 1399:Black Sea 1351:athletics 1337:(UPI) in 1291:Perm Krai 1287:Berezniki 1105:oligarchs 1016:Berezniki 742:Elections 536:Signature 374:In office 344:Presidium 324:In office 239:President 230:In office 87:In office 18334:Withdrew 18294:campaign 18267:campaign 18250:campaign 18233:campaign 18204:campaign 18182:Lost in 18171:campaign 18100:campaign 18053:campaign 18034:campaign 18004:campaign 17370:Shvernik 17316:Sverdlov 17226:Belousov 17215:Medvedev 17181:Kasyanov 17166:Primakov 17056:Rodionov 17034:Pamfilov 17028:Khokhlov 17018:Bulganin 16971:Kerensky 16944:Golitsyn 16919:Stolypin 16866:Ignatyev 16841:Levashov 16826:Kochubey 16821:Lopukhin 16816:Saltykov 15771:Susuzluq 15644:Timeline 15180:Muhannad 14496:Chechnya 13852:Timeline 13842:Category 13787:See also 13279:Izvestia 13120:Islamism 13017:Hoxhaism 12892:Rollback 12771:Abkhazia 12711:Gulf War 12615:Glasnost 11985:incident 11755:Sand War 11613:Ifni War 11122:Rio Pact 11067:Cold War 10766:Mongolia 10761:Ethiopia 10746:Cambodia 10650:Chechnya 10584:Bulgaria 10359:Tank Man 10349:Wang Dan 10334:Liu Gang 10291:Samizdat 10286:Protests 10125:Glasnost 10108:500 Days 10032:Cold War 9940:Internal 9831:(mother) 9823:(father) 9681:Monument 9593:campaign 9581:campaign 9145:Chairman 9078:Chairman 9036:Chairman 8750:Archived 8639:(2018). 8533:(2008). 8389:3 August 8234:Lenta.ru 8096:Archived 7963:26 April 7957:Archived 7863:Archived 7859:23024939 7298:24 April 7244:24 April 7212:Sky News 7178:24 April 7154:24 April 7119:17 April 7088:17 April 6963:, 2003; 6906:26 April 6646:BBC News 6578:23 April 6523:cite web 6513:17 April 6485:17 April 6432:Archived 6284:Archived 6244:Archived 6228:38270334 6220:16610333 6130:Известия 6058:26 April 6003:Archived 5999:23024939 5930:20048274 5897:(1997). 5839:Archived 5595:Archived 5505:31 March 5501:. Moscow 5439:30 April 5395:Archived 3861:See also 3850:Greece: 3829:Russia: 3822:Russia: 3815:Russia: 3791:Russia: 3732:(France) 3718:Latvia: 3680:homeland 3648:Russia: 3609:Russia: 3588:: 1611. 3557:More bad 3534:: 1600. 3479:Fondness 3423:turncoat 3308:Aeroflot 3233:populism 3227:Ideology 3202:, that: 3114:Sardinia 3057:Barvikha 2940:Lyudmila 2853:and the 2812:Chechnya 2657:siloviki 2564:Belgorod 2515:— 2310:magazine 2299:Chechnya 2287:Chechnya 2214:de facto 2178:Izvestia 2158:START II 2113:and the 2057:Russians 1981:Cold War 1964:Kravchuk 1916:Russians 1776:Randalls 1698:samizdat 1597:de facto 1591:the new 1557:copy of 1554:samizdat 1315:Red Army 1303:Komsomol 1204:Yeltsin 766:campaign 754:campaign 513:Children 460:, Moscow 308:Chairman 273:de facto 265:(acting) 189:disputed 117:(acting) 109:de facto 18245:Yabloko 18145:in the 17975:in the 17444:Yeltsin 17438:Zhdanov 17400:Ignatov 17394:Organov 17388:Ignatov 17382:Tarasov 17356:Badayev 17330:Kalinin 17310:Kamenev 17300:of the 17193:Fradkov 17136:Yeltsin 17106:Silayev 17086:Voronov 17066:Puzanov 17040:Kosygin 17013:Sulimov 17008:Syrtsov 16934:Stürmer 16886:Durnovo 16871:Valuyev 16861:Gagarin 16767:italics 16662:(since 16167:Armenia 15944:Armenia 15687:Martuni 15300:Miatsum 15273:History 15202:† 15188:† 15174:† 15160:† 15146:† 15132:† 15118:† 15104:† 15090:† 15076:† 15062:† 15052:) 15046: ( 15036:† 15017:† 15003:† 14989:† 14979:) 14973: ( 14958:† 14944:† 14930:† 14920:Leaders 14858:† 14844:† 14830:† 14816:† 14802:† 14783:† 14769:† 14750:† 14736:† 14722:† 14708:† 14694:† 14680:† 14666:† 14652:† 14642:Leaders 14556:† 14542:† 14528:† 14504:† 14452:Leaders 14127:Avrasya 13342:Amerika 13225:Comecon 13110:Fascism 13100:Zionism 13049:Titoism 12590:Contras 12058:Détente 11335:Comecon 11018:Related 10776:Somalia 10705:Ukraine 10685:Moldova 10660:Georgia 10655:Estonia 10645:Belarus 10635:Armenia 10609:Romania 10599:Hungary 10579:Albania 10487:Sąjūdis 10307:leaders 10254:methods 10151:leaders 10140:Đổi Mới 10081:Reforms 9314:of the 9287:of the 9277:of the 9265:of the 9252:Himself 9231:of the 9219:of the 9210:Himself 9198:of the 9185:Himself 9173:of the 9163:of the 9151:of the 9147:of the 9120:of the 9111:Himself 9100:of the 9088:of the 9084:of the 9080:of the 9071:Himself 9046:of the 9042:of the 9038:of the 9002:of the 8970:of the 8912:YouTube 8891:(2014) 8830:(2002) 8815:excerpt 8803:(2007) 8731:excerpt 8591:(2006) 8524:excerpt 8512:(2002) 8452:excerpt 8450:(2007) 8383:YouTube 8269:28 July 8104:Newsday 8077:17 July 7869:3 March 6879:7 March 6806:7 March 6733:17 July 6009:3 March 5749:2 April 5391:YouTube 4008:Russian 3996:Yeltsin 3838:Yerevan 3802:, 2000) 3781:, 1993) 3770:, 1998) 3495:Dislike 3471:Respect 3414:of the 3177:Tatyana 3160:in the 3049:Gorki-9 3005:in 2006 2843:Mabetex 2419:Victory 2312:wrote: 2230:The US 2080:Germany 2015:at the 1924:Estonia 1862:Belarus 1854:Ukraine 1806:of the 1755:to the 1632:Tatyana 1533:colonel 1513:Romanov 1401:coast. 1367:Georgia 1363:Ukraine 1359:Belarus 1282:Dmitrov 1243:kolkhoz 1117:impeach 1091:of the 1053:elected 904:Illness 631:Defence 507: 499: 314:of the 310:of the 269:Himself 178:Himself 105:Himself 18184:runoff 18154:Winner 17984:Winner 17440:(1938) 17406:Yasnov 17390:(1959) 17376:Vlasov 17363:Vlasov 17312:(1917) 17209:Zubkov 17198:Zubkov 17143:Gaidar 17101:Vlasov 17076:Kozlov 17071:Yasnov 16939:Trepov 16856:Bludov 16440:Russia 16371: 16349: 16313:Russia 16310: 16258: 16211: 16164: 16131:Turkey 16128: 16092:Russia 16089: 16030: 15978: 15941: 15781:Farukh 15776:Shusha 15695:Tartar 15637:(2020) 15206: 15198: 15192: 15184: 15178: 15170: 15164: 15156: 15150: 15142: 15136: 15128: 15122: 15114: 15108: 15100: 15094: 15086: 15080: 15072: 15066: 15058: 15040: 15032: 15021: 15013: 15007: 14999: 14993: 14985: 14962: 14954: 14948: 14940: 14934: 14926: 14862: 14854: 14848: 14840: 14834: 14826: 14820: 14812: 14806: 14798: 14787: 14779: 14773: 14765: 14754: 14746: 14740: 14732: 14726: 14718: 14712: 14704: 14698: 14690: 14684: 14676: 14670: 14662: 14656: 14648: 14560: 14552: 14546: 14538: 14532: 14524: 14508: 14500: 13913:(1999) 13293:Pravda 13095:Racism 13034:Maoism 12786:Kosovo 12307:Condor 11983:Pueblo 11969:May 68 11597:Gladio 11515:Tuapse 11178:Jungle 11170:Priboi 10796:events 10731:Angola 10690:Russia 10665:Latvia 10604:Poland 10561:Events 10213:Ne Win 9839:(wife) 9813:Family 9343:Acting 9304:Acting 9255:Acting 9188:Acting 9137:Acting 9062:Acting 8944:C-SPAN 8893:online 8883:online 8859:online 8849:online 8832:online 8805:online 8787:online 8775: 8760: 8719: 8706:online 8682:online 8659:(2002) 8651:online 8641:online 8624:online 8593:online 8577: 8564:online 8541: 8514:online 8490:online 8436: 7857: 7849: 7750:online 6967: 6438:(1996) 6316:8 July 6226: 6218: 6078:online 5997: 5989: 5928: 5786: 5713: 5623: 5371: 5352: 5287: 5172: 3982:, the 3854:(1994) 3847:(1993) 3840:(2002) 3833:(2006) 3826:(2005) 3807:Titles 3715:(1991) 3701:(1997) 3652:(2006) 3590:Source 3536:Source 3390:hybrid 3283:hand. 3273:lozhki 3150:Jordan 2956:Pravda 2776:Grozny 2723:rouble 2566:, 1996 2357:Cheget 2041:credit 2033:prices 1928:Latvia 1846:Prague 1740:Pravda 1450:'s 1440:gorkom 1383:prorab 1379:master 1365:, and 1295:potash 1143:, and 488:Spouse 185:acting 17412:Orlov 17203:Putin 17176:Putin 17112:Lobov 17003:Rykov 16998:Lenin 16909:Witte 16891:Witte 16881:Bunge 16851:Orlov 16763:Note: 15679:Ganja 15675:Barda 13778:Stasi 13245:SAARC 13240:ASEAN 13205:SEATO 13058:Other 13023:Juche 12781:Korea 12694:1990s 12407:1980s 12051:1970s 11674:1960s 11426:1950s 11136:1940s 11117:NEATO 11112:SEATO 11102:ANZUS 10751:China 10741:Burma 10736:Benin 9739:Films 9700:Books 8337:6 May 8316:6 May 8295:6 May 8037:6 May 7855:JSTOR 7144:Kp.ru 6224:S2CID 6136:6 May 5995:JSTOR 5937:(PDF) 5926:JSTOR 5912:(6) ( 5902:(PDF) 5861:p. 76 5784:S2CID 5675:6 May 5465:6 May 3966:Notes 3852:Corfu 3824:Kazan 3450:VCIOM 3279:banya 3110:femur 3081:Naina 3053:dacha 2989:With 2837:With 2037:money 1962:with 1868:, in 1780:Texas 1778:) in 1481:obkom 1460:obkom 1446:obkom 1435:] 1355:Volga 1323:taiga 1289:, in 1266:Kazan 1238:kulak 1194:Urals 1093:ruble 1012:Kazan 1004:Butka 501:( 497: 429:Butka 18262:LDPR 17346:the 16966:Lvov 16711:2000 16707:1999 16697:1996 16664:2012 16654:2012 16650:2008 16640:2008 16636:2000 16626:1999 16622:1991 16445:OSCE 14409:ODON 14404:OMON 14097:2008 14092:2007 14087:2006 14082:2005 14077:2004 14072:2003 14067:2002 14062:2001 14057:2000 13318:TASS 13210:METO 13200:NATO 12426:and 12424:1980 11981:USS 11107:METO 11092:NATO 9775:B.N. 8773:ISBN 8758:ISBN 8717:ISBN 8575:ISBN 8539:ISBN 8434:ISBN 8391:2021 8365:2017 8339:2016 8318:2016 8297:2016 8271:2013 8205:2014 8177:2023 8152:2023 8121:and 8079:2007 8039:2016 7965:2010 7871:2023 7847:ISSN 7300:2007 7246:2007 7180:2007 7156:2007 7121:2007 7090:2007 6965:ISBN 6934:2010 6928:. UK 6908:2010 6881:2010 6808:2019 6782:2020 6735:2007 6710:2008 6684:2024 6653:2024 6580:2007 6529:link 6515:2007 6487:2007 6465:2010 6318:2004 6268:2010 6216:PMID 6182:2010 6138:2016 6112:2016 6060:2010 6047:Time 6011:2023 5987:ISSN 5881:2010 5847:2017 5751:2007 5711:ISBN 5677:2016 5653:2019 5621:ISBN 5507:2013 5467:2016 5441:2018 5369:ISBN 5350:ISBN 5314:2014 5285:ISBN 5170:ISBN 4016:IPA: 3582:Date 3576:22% 3568:19% 3560:59% 3528:Date 3514:21% 3503:Fear 3498:38% 3490:23% 3381:and 3294:and 2935:and 2735:NATO 2552:and 2348:NATO 2308:Time 2281:OSCE 2264:NATO 1966:and 1926:and 1667:CPSU 1345:and 1305:and 1274:OGPU 1014:and 761:1996 749:1991 724:26th 714:26th 614:27th 610:26th 603:26th 596:27th 592:26th 440:Died 416:Born 18279:PST 18228:KRO 16560:884 16555:874 16550:853 16545:822 15049:POW 14976:POW 14316:War 14125:MV 13773:KGB 13768:MVD 13753:MI6 13748:MI5 13743:CIA 13215:EEC 9989:KGB 9283:as 9169:as 8942:on 8924:on 8910:on 8608:doi 7890:.” 7886:. “ 7839:doi 6361:// 6342:doi 6208:doi 5979:doi 5918:doi 5776:doi 5772:104 5548:doi 5525:BBC 5410:// 3994:is 3986:is 3522:3% 3506:1% 3482:7% 3474:7% 3466:0% 3392:or 2810:in 2808:war 2672:". 1561:'s 18373:: 18097:) 18089:/ 18075:/ 18061:/ 18050:) 18042:/ 18031:) 18023:/ 18001:) 17993:/ 17344:of 16450:EU 15693:, 15689:, 15685:, 15681:, 15677:, 9599:)) 9309:as 9260:as 9214:as 9193:as 9142:as 9115:as 9075:as 8604:21 8602:. 8432:. 8381:. 8355:. 8287:. 8255:. 8242:^ 8232:. 8213:^ 8194:. 8168:. 8143:. 8102:, 8065:. 8059:. 8016:. 7982:. 7955:. 7951:. 7861:. 7853:. 7845:. 7835:55 7833:. 7829:. 7701:^ 7610:^ 7579:^ 7540:^ 7521:^ 7446:^ 7395:^ 7368:^ 7232:. 7210:. 7142:. 7129:^ 7107:. 7062:. 7044:. 7026:. 7004:. 6978:). 6974:. 6942:^ 6924:. 6898:. 6865:. 6824:. 6798:. 6718:^ 6692:^ 6670:. 6644:. 6596:. 6545:. 6525:}} 6521:{{ 6503:. 6451:. 6414:. 6396:. 6338:46 6336:. 6222:. 6214:. 6204:32 6202:. 6146:^ 6128:. 6044:. 6019:^ 6001:. 5993:. 5985:. 5975:55 5973:. 5969:. 5924:. 5910:76 5908:. 5904:. 5837:. 5833:. 5817:^ 5805:. 5782:. 5770:. 5697:^ 5661:^ 5643:. 5605:^ 5560:^ 5542:. 5523:. 5497:. 5457:. 5427:. 5389:. 5331:. 5305:. 5268:^ 5217:^ 5155:^ 5138:^ 5084:^ 5045:^ 4934:^ 4919:^ 4890:^ 4815:^ 4750:^ 4721:^ 4686:^ 4495:^ 4476:^ 4433:^ 4212:^ 4153:^ 4054:^ 4042:. 4014:, 4010:: 3998:. 3592:: 3538:: 3440:. 3425:. 3385:. 3377:, 3373:, 3067:. 2857:. 2818:. 2477:. 2465:, 2461:, 2457:, 2453:, 2449:, 2445:, 2441:, 2133:, 2031:, 1930:. 1864:, 1433:ru 1361:, 1184:, 1163:. 1139:, 1095:, 1087:, 1006:, 999:. 612:, 594:, 503:m. 431:, 187:, 176:; 64:c. 18296:) 18292:( 18269:) 18265:( 18252:) 18248:( 18235:) 18231:( 18135:e 18128:t 18121:v 18093:( 18083:) 18079:( 18069:) 18065:( 18046:( 18027:( 17997:( 17965:e 17958:t 17951:v 17727:e 17720:t 17713:v 17497:e 17490:t 17483:v 17279:e 17272:t 17265:v 16773:. 16746:e 16739:t 16732:v 16713:) 16709:– 16705:( 16699:) 16695:( 16689:) 16685:( 16666:) 16656:) 16652:– 16648:( 16642:) 16638:– 16634:( 16628:) 16624:– 16620:( 16596:e 16589:t 16582:v 15697:) 15246:e 15239:t 15232:v 13886:e 13879:t 13872:v 12586:) 12582:( 11591:" 11587:" 11564:" 11560:" 11059:e 11052:t 11045:v 9925:e 9918:t 9911:v 9687:) 9683:( 9672:) 9668:( 9595:( 9544:) 9540:( 9384:e 9377:t 9370:v 8789:. 8764:. 8708:. 8614:. 8610:: 8583:. 8547:. 8526:. 8442:. 8393:. 8367:. 8341:. 8320:. 8299:. 8273:. 8236:. 8207:. 8179:. 8154:. 8117:" 8081:. 8041:. 7967:. 7873:. 7841:: 7302:. 7248:. 7182:. 7158:. 7123:. 7092:. 7066:. 7048:. 7030:. 6936:. 6910:. 6883:. 6828:. 6810:. 6784:. 6737:. 6712:. 6686:. 6655:. 6582:. 6531:) 6517:. 6489:. 6467:. 6400:. 6348:. 6344:: 6320:. 6270:. 6230:. 6210:: 6184:. 6140:. 6114:. 6080:. 6062:. 6013:. 5981:: 5920:: 5883:. 5849:. 5811:. 5790:. 5778:: 5753:. 5719:. 5679:. 5655:. 5629:. 5554:. 5550:: 5544:1 5509:. 5469:. 5443:. 5335:. 5316:. 5291:. 5176:. 4031:. 3777:( 1733:" 1483:. 1377:( 1245:( 969:e 962:t 955:v 849:) 845:( 772:) 768:( 424:) 420:( 275:) 271:( 191:) 111:) 107:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index