Yeoman - Knowledge

1693:. The church hierarchy (archbishops and bishops) considered that no secular authority had the right to enforce tax collection from clerical income in a secular court. Such cases, they thought, should be considered in an of law. In 1340, the bishops negotiated a settlement with the Crown, wherein disputes between the king and clergy over taxation would be heard in ecclesiastical courts at either Canterbury or York. Therefore, there was no longer a need for the proctors to attend the commons. This was an important milestone for the commons. It became a secular assembly, its deliberations unaffected by ecclesiastical concerns. In 1342, the commons reorganized itself as the House of Commons, deliberating separately from the king, nobles and higher clergy of noble status. Each county had two Knights of the Shire as representatives, except for Durham and Cheshire, which were 2208:(meaning "outside the law"); someone who was summoned to a law court, but failed to appear. He has gathered around himself a fellowship of "sevenscore men", that is, 140 skilled bowmen. Nevertheless, Robin is the King's Man: "I love no man in all the world/So well as I do my king;". Disguised as a monk carrying the King's Seal, King Edward finally meets Robin, and is invited to a feast. During the archery contest afterwards, Robin suddenly recognizes Edward. He immediately kneels to offer homage, asking for mercy for his men. Edward grants pardon, and invites Robin to court. Robin agrees, and offers his men as a retinue. Note how Robin's behavior fits a commander of men. This entire scene is reminiscent of the contracted indenture offered by Edward III, where pardons were granted for war service (see 1433:(25 ships with 419 mariners), the ports of Dartmouth (31 ships with 757 mariners), Plymouth (26 ships with 603 mariners), and London (25 ships with 602 mariners) were the largest contingents. The North Fleet (which included all English ports north of River Thames) consisted of 217 ships with 4521 mariners. The port of Yarmouth, with 43 ships with 1095 mariners, was the largest contingent. The definition of a mariner is unclear, as is the difference between a mariner and a sailor. The number of mariners given is about twice that needed to man a ship. Edward's warships carried two crews. The second crew was used for night sailing, for providing a crew for prize ships, and for providing more fighting men. 2681: 1824: 2463:"On their way through England, the King of England aforesaid caused many lords and other people of the countryside to meet them, in a forest, dressed in coats and mantles of green. And when the said King of France passed through the said forest, the said men showed themselves in front of the King of France and his company, like robbers or malefactors with bows and arrows and with swords and bucklers; and the King of France marveled greatly at the sight, asking what manner of men these were. And the prince answered that these were men of England, forest-dweller, living as they pleased in the wild; and it was their custom to be arrayed thus every day." 2596:.(p 174, 176) Seeing the Canon ride off unleashes a torrent of inventive against the Canon – and against himself. He sorrowfully remembers when his face was fresh and ruddy; now it is the color of lead. He used to wear fine clothing and have "splendid furnishings", now he wears a legging on his head. When their experiments failed to convert one gold coin into two, he borrowed the gold to pay the customer. Campbell describes the self-revulsion felt by the Yeoman for the futility of alchemy, and the deception and dishonesty employed while searching for the philosopher's stone. He hates it, but is fascinated by it at the same time. 1461: 2513: 1276:. Stanley was a powerful lord in northwest England. But he was stepfather of Henry Tudor, and Richard was holding his son hostage. Stanley's forces remained uncommitted as the battle raged. As Oxford advanced, the troops appeared to leave Henry, his bodyguards, and some French mercenaries isolated. Or so it appeared to Richard. Sensing an opportunity, Richard charged toward Henry. Seeing this, Stanley made his decision, and charged to reinforce Henry. Henry's bodyguards fought bravely to hold off Richard's bodyguards until the arrival of Stanley's troops. During the 2343: 949:. The court kept records from about 1276 until 1611. Unfortunately, only a few survive from the years 1316–59. Some information on the yeomen of the Marshalsea Court can be found in the Household Ordinance of King Edward IV from about 1483. The author of the Ordinance, looking back to the earlier household ordinances of King Edward III wrote: "Our sovereign lord's household is now discharged ... of the Court of Marshalsea, and all his clerks and yeomen." The writer was referring to the transfer of the Marshalsea Court from the royal household. 2899: 628: 2128: 1102: 5831: 2652: 1653: 751: 1502: 2949:, Locksley shares his high table with Cedric, the Saxon franklin, and the Norman Black Knight. His sense of justice supports the democratic system set up by the outlaws concerning the division of the spoils. Locksley's insistence on the Black Knight taking the horn as protection against Prince John's evil henchman Fitzurse demonstrates that he bows to the lawful authority of the King. In turn, the King himself bows to the noble spirit of the Yeoman: 1226: 1437: 47: 1490: 5817: 1382:. Before then, the "King's Ships" were a very small fleet allocated for the King's personal use. During the Hundred Years War, King Edward III actually owned only a few ships. The rest were made available to the King through agreements with his nobles and the various port towns of England. About 25 ships of various sizes were made available to Edward III every year. They ranged from the small 970: 1528:). One constable oversaw twenty crewmen. Collecting a crew was traditionally the task of the Master. However, with the need for double-crews, the King authorized his Admirals to offer the King's pardon to outlaws and pirates. In 1342, the number of men who responded exceeded the demand. Edward's deputies never had trouble again raising the crews they needed. This is reminiscent of the 1291:). This royal act recognized their bravery and loyalty in doing their duty, and designated them as the first members of a bodyguard to protect the King (or Queen) of England forever. In their first official act on 1 October 1485, fifty members of the Yeoman of the Guard, led by John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, formally escorted Henry Tudor to his coronation ceremony. 953:"to keep his chamber and stuff". When the Steward was present in Court, he was entitled to a 10-person retinue. Besides the Steward and the Knight-Marshal, two other members of the royal household were empowered to preside: the Treasurer and the Controller. Of the Steward, Treasurer, and the Controller, at least one of them must preside in the Court every day. 689:, was published in 1604. The dictionary only included unusual English words, and loan words from foreign languages such as Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or French. Yeoman is not included in this dictionary. This suggests that in 1604, yeoman was a very commonly-used English word. A more comprehensive, or general dictionary, was published in 1658. 2560:

traveling upside down, and repaving it with silver and gold. When The Host asks why The Canon is dressed in dirty rags, when he can afford clothes of the finest material, the Yeoman deftly replies that the Canon will never prosper, because his faith will not allow him to enrich himself though his knowledge.

1039:. The scene is King Edward IV's coronation, and the chronicler lists the nobles who received titles from His Majesty. At the end of the list he notes: "And other gentlemen and yeomen he made knights and squires, as they had deserved." (modern spelling) The chronicler makes no further mention of these men. 2559:

Hartung proposes that the real reason the Canon rode so fast and so hard to join the pilgrims is that he was seeking new victims. The Yeoman urges that it would be to the pilgrims' advantage to know the Canon better; that he is a remarkable man. The Canon knows the secret of turning the road they are

2089:

it knows about Robin is actually based upon how previous generations over the last 500 years have viewed him. The historical Robyn Hode was (or were, in the case of there possibly being several men whose exploits were melded into the single individual of the ballads) is of secondary importance to his

1644:

were elected to attend. (Note 13: Richardson and Sayles 1930 p 44–45) According to Michael Prestwich: "What was necessary was to ensure that every conceivable means of removing the King was adopted, and the procedures combined all possible precedents". Hence, establishing the legitimacy of Edward III

1561:

This review of the yeoman freeholders is divided into three periods: (a) up to 1500; (b) between 1500 and 1600; and (c) between 1600 and 1800. This division corresponds roughly to the historical changes experienced by the freeholders themselves, as well as the shifting contemporary social hierarchies

742:

in which they lived. Everyone who served a royal or noble household knew their duties, and knew their place. This was especially important when the household staff consisted of both nobles and commoners. There were actually two household hierarchies which existed in parallel. One was the organization

2801:

In the famous rousing call to action in act 3, scene 1, Henry urges his yeomen to show the French what fine bowmen are raised in England. His yeomen are not "mean and base", but possess a "noble luster" in their eyes. "Unto the breach, dear friends, once more", he almost pleads. The yeomen have been

2400:

The very first line of The Yeoman's description is the statement the Knight wanted no other servant. Kenneth J Thompson quoted Earle Birney as saying that a forester was the only attendant the Knight needed; he was a "huntsman-forester, knight's bodyguard, squire's attendant, lord's retainer, king's

2296:

offer confirmation that yeomen now consider themselves as part of the gentry. The audience is now composed of "gentlemen". Stephen Knight and Thomas Ohlgren suggest that the "Gest" audience was a literate audience interested in political resistance. This interpretation appears to be supported by the

2069:

Until the 16th century, yeomen were mentioned either as servants in Norman French-speaking aristocratic households, or as members of the English army or navy in the Anglo-Norman kings' military expeditions across the English Channel. It was not until Middle English became England's official language

914:

Hamlet remarks that he "wrote it fair", that is, in elegant, gentlemanly prose; a style of writing which he tried very hard to forget. But in composing the fake commission, Hamlet had to resort to "that learning". He tells Horatio that "it did me yeoman's service", that is, his learning stood him in

2944:

Scott refashioned the traditional hero of the Robin Hood ballads into an ancestral hero who would crush the misrule of evil men and restore the rightful rule of law.He demonstrates Locksley's physical superiority with the victory in the archery contest at the Tournament of Ashby. Locksley's ability

2098:

is a 16th-century collective memory of a fictional past, it can also be seen as a reflection of the century in which it was written. Following in the footsteps of Pollard and Ohlgren, this section examines some of the literature written in Late Middle English and Early Modern English to explore how

1082:

In the first stanza the Potter describes himself as a poor yeoman, whom people say Robin Hood would never stop or waylay (also known as a holdup). It is obvious from the story that the Potter was not dressed in a yeomanly manner, otherwise Robin would have never accosted him. It was not until Robin

952:

The Ordinance describe the duties of the Steward of the Household, who was also the Steward of the Court of Marshalsea. The Steward was assigned one chaplain, two squires, and four yeomen as his personal retinue. One yeoman was specifically attached to the Steward's rooms at the Court of Marshalsea

803:

oversaw the Offices concerned with household management. Procurement, storage, and preparation of food, waiting at table, and tending to the kitchen gardens, were some of the duties for which the Steward was responsible. Under the Steward during the reign of King Edward III, there were two separate

3003:

Pyle's visual and verbal depiction of the outlaw yeoman Robin Hood has become a 20th-century popular culture icon. Any resemblance to the yeoman of Gest, or with any possible historical persons who may have inspired the 15th–16th century ballads, is strictly coincidental. Pyle's storyline has been

2580:

At this point the Canon reins his horse in beside his Yeoman, demanding that he not reveal any secrets. The Host dismisses the Canon's threats as mere bluster, and the Canon gallops away. The Yeoman's reaction implies that he may have hoped that this would happen. It was the Yeoman who noticed the

2484:

In the tale told by the Friar, the devil assumes the disguise of a yeoman dressed in a green tunic, a hat with black fringes, and carrying a bow and some arrows. The devil meets a summoner on his rounds. The tale continues as a scathing condemnation of the vile corruption of the summoner, whom the

1054:

survives as a manuscript dated from about 1500. Robin demands a one penny toll of the Potter, for which the traveler could then proceed unharmed by the outlaw. The Potter refuses to pay. A scuffle ensues, in which the Potter overcomes Robin. The Potter then wants to know whom he has beaten. After

715:

in 1658, linguists have had to re-construct the meanings of yeoman from the surviving manuscripts. The various meanings of yeoman were apparently widely understood by the document author and his audience, and were not explained in the manuscripts. Linguists have deduced these specific historical

2988:. Pyle is the author who first portrayed Robin as a kind-hearted outlaw who "robs from the rich to give to the poor". Each chapter covered one of the Robin Hood tales and the chapter sequence was arranged to present a coherent narrative. The resulting storyline was reused in early films such as 2890:

was "... an historical reconstruction of 12th century England in the spiritual image of the 19th." Scott's highly detailed medieval setting attracts the interest of his reading audience; but his characters behave in a 19th-century manner in order to retain that interest. It was a device Scott

996:

caught in a storm at sea while on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. He prayed to Saint Edith for the storm to subside, and suddenly he saw Saint Edith standing beside him. The Blessed Virgin had sent her, she said, to assure the archbishop he would arrive home safe and sound. Miraculously, the storm

699:

contained basic definitions. Yeoman is included; probably for the first time in an English language dictionary. But only a legal definition was given: (1) a social class immediately below a Gentleman; and (2) a freeborn man who can sell "his own free land in yearly revenue to the summe of 40

1047:

An early historical meaning that seems to have disappeared before our modern era is "something pertaining to or characteristic of a yeoman", such as the speech or the dress. Perhaps the best way of illustrating this meaning is to quote briefly from one of the earliest Middle English ballads.

798:

The Chief Officers were nobles, but the servant ranks of Sergeant, Yeoman, and Groom could be filled by either commoners or members of noble families. Any household duties which required close contact with the lord's immediate family, or their rooms, were handled by nobles. For example, the

655:

was a gradual process occurring over decades. For the sake of assigning a historical date, OED defines the end of Middle English and the beginning of Early Modern English as occurring in 1500. The year 1500 marks the end of nearly 200 years of political and economic upheaval in England. The

2929:. Simeone points out that Scott deliberately made Robin Hood a yeoman as well as an outcast in order to show that ordinary men, and not just the rich and powerful, have an important part to play in the making of a nation. Scott re-inforced his point by having Gurth and Wamba, 1481:

By this time (mid-14th century), the Captain of the ship was a separate military rank. He was responsible for the defense of the ship. For every 4 mariners aboard the warship, there was 1 man-at-arms and 1 archer who was stationed in the castles. For a vessel the size of the

2556:. Jackson J. Campbell proposes the interruption of the pilgrims' journey by the Canon and his yeoman so near to Canterbury is a device to prepare for the Parson's Tale, which is actually a sermon. Both interpretations place importance on the characterization of the Yeoman. 1509:

The next illustration shows a battle scene. The tactics included using grappling hooks to position the ships so that the archers on the aftcastles had clear shots into the opposing ship. After raking the deck with arrows, the men-at-arms would swing over to finish the job.

1688:

as members of the sessions. In 1333, the commons sat together in a single chamber for the first time. About this same time, the commons was evolving into its role of legislating taxation. The king preferred to include taxes on clerical income with the direct taxes on the

1497:

These illuminations from a 14th-century manuscript provide some insight as to how the retrofitted castles were used in battle. The first illustration shows a 2-masted vessel, with a man-at-arms in the retrofitted aftcastle, and an archer in the retrofitted topcastle.

1750:

As some yeomen overlapped into the newly emerging gentry through wealth and marriage; others merged with the merchants and professions of the towns through education; some became local officials in the counties; and still others maintained their original identity as

2374:. The Yeoman is well-armed. He carries a "mighty bow" in his hand with a sheaf of arrows hung from his belt. Chaucer points out that the peacock feather fletching was well-made. The archer obviously took great care when making his arrows. He also carries a sword, a 1547:. Among the various chapters on the use of mathematics in sea navigation and gunnery, the author suggests "He must be careful in making Choice of a sober honest Man, for the Yeoman of the Powder."(modern spelling) In 1702, actual titles of seamen appear in the 1083:

heard the Potter speak that he recognizes him as a yeoman. Whether he was referring to his direct straightforward manner, or his dialect, or both, is unclear to a 21st-century reader. But it is apparent that the original 15th century audiences knew exactly what

2070:

during the 14th century and the new social stratum of yeoman freeholders gained respectability during the 15th century, that the oral ballads repeated by previous generations of English-speaking yeomen were written down and distributed to a wider audience.

2266:. Thomas Ohlgren, a Robin Hood scholar, considers this to be an indication of the social changes the yeomen were undergoing. The yeomen may be lower in social rank to the knight, but they see themselves as possessing the traits of the knightly class. 579:, as the parent of yeoman. (The asterisk or star as the first letter is a linguistic convention to indicate the word has been reconstructed, and is unattested in any surviving record). The reconstructed word is a compound word made from the root word 1321:

to remain as a garrison, indicating that the Tower was still a royal palace. When the Tower no longer served that function, the garrison became warders, and were not permitted to wear the Yeoman of the Guard uniform. During the reign of Henry's son,

4674: 812:. The first group were members of noble families who waited only on the King, and the second group were commoners who performed similar duties for other household residents and guests in the Great Hall, kitchen, pantry, and other areas. 2424:

When his lord was campaigning in wartime, the forester was capable of providing additional meat for the lord's table. During the 1358–60 campaign in France, Edward III had 30 falconers on horseback, and 60 couples (or pairs) of hounds.

1370:

manuscript, and shortly before the end of the Hundred Years War. To understand the connections between yeoman and the early English navy, it is necessary to examine King Edward III's reign and the beginning of the Hundred Years War.

1137:

The Yeoman Archers were the English Army's response to a chronic manpower problem when trying to field an army on the European continent during the 14th century. Against 27,000 French knights, England could only muster at most 5,000

1440:

Seal of the port of Dunwich. This is an earlier ship (note the side rudder) which has been retro-fitted with a forecastle, aftcastle, and topcastle. The forecastle and aftcastle platforms are tall enough so men can stand underneath

1117:

The Yeoman Archer is a term applied specifically to English and Welsh military longbow archers (either mounted or on foot) of the 14th–15th centuries. Yeoman archers were commoners; free-born members of the social classes below the

2184:

are print editions dated between 1510 and 1530. These early rhymes are witnesses to a crucial time in English history. The 14th–15th centuries saw the rise of the common people's Middle English over the decline of the aristocrats'

2021:

the power to build and maintain a navy. It wasn't until 1794, when the worsening US relations with Great Britain and France, as well as the continuing attacks by Barbary pirates, forced Congress to appropriate funds to construct 6

1202:

of the 14th century. They could be deployed as "Archers on horse" (mounted archers who could reach the scene quickly, dismount, & set up a firing line) or as "Archers on foot" (foot archers who followed as reinforcements).

841:(the first section of the ballad), Robin gives money to a poor knight to pay his debt to the abbot of St Mary's Abbey. Noticing that the knight was traveling alone, Robin offers him the service of Little John as a yeoman: 1169:

with hails of arrows. The Scottish infantrymen fled the battlefield, to be pursued and killed by the English cavalry. In 1333, his grandson, Edward III, undertook his first invasion of Scotland, which culminated with the

1360:: "Why gone the yeomen to boat – Anchors to haul?" The context of the quotation sheds no further light on either yeomen or boats. What is important is the date of the manuscript: between 1450 and 1470. This places the 4735: 1676:. The word meant that those elected to the parliament were representatives of their communities, that is, the shires and the urban areas. To distinguish between this early assembly from the later House of Commons, 2536:

for the first time. This close proximity to Canterbury makes the entrance of the Canon and his Yeoman suspicious. Even more suspicious is the sudden exit of the Canon, leaving his Yeoman to tell the tale himself.

2885:

was published to an English audience that was experiencing a medieval revival. His notes show that he had read much of the medieval poetry and chronicles which were reprinted during the 17th and 18th centuries.

2615:. Huntung proposes that this part of the Tale was composed for an audience of clergymen. The alchemist is compared with the devil, and the "worshipful canons" who pursue the study of alchemy are no better than 2428:

The Yeoman has his "mighty bow" (most probably a longbow) at the ready, implying he is on duty serving as bodyguard against highwaymen and robbers. He carries a sheaf of arrows under his belt, which implies an

4483: 4164: 1934:

was organized for home defense, composed of local companies of part-time volunteers. Their cavalry troops became known as the Yeomanry Cavalry. The infantry companies were disbanded by 1813, as the threat of

2467:

The encounter was obviously some political posturing staged by Edward III for the benefit of the French king. It displayed the opposition the French army would face should the King decide to invade England.

4678: 4453: 1229:

Yeomen of the Guard in procession. Their uniform has remained relatively unchanged since the Tudor dynasty. The spears are carried in remembrance of their role in protecting Henry Tudor at Bosworth Field.

4133: 2164:

prayer) as perfectly as the priest sings it, but he does know the rhymes of Robin Hood. Unfortunately, the rhymes that William Langland heard have not survived. The earliest surviving ballads are

2842:

comes on 25 October in act 4, scene 3. Henry now calls his army a "band of brothers". The camaraderie of combat has made gentlemen of them all. When they hear a veteran speak of what happened on

773:, which were then assigned to one of several Chief Officers. In each Household Office, the servants were organized into a hierarchy, arranged in ranks according to the level of responsibility. 782:

The highest rank, which reported directly to the Chief Officer and oversaw an individual Household Office. The word was introduced to England by the Normans, and meant an attendant or servant.

5176: 1153:, his army consisted mostly of infantry (12,500 of 15,000 men). His infantry included about 10,500–10,900 Welshmen. 2,000 men, including archers, were raised as part of the Lancashire and 2258:. (Note that all quotations have modern spelling, and obsolete words have been substituted.) The audience is addressed as "good yeomen", and yeoman Robin is described as possessing the " 2006:

in 1775. The legislation called for officers, warrant officers, and enlisted men. The roster of enlisted men was left open to each ship captain to fill as he deemed necessary. After the

1445:

Early in the Hundred Years War, the largest existing merchant ships, such as the cog, were converted to warships with the addition of wooden castles. There were three types of castles:

1612:

had been previously threatened with deposition in 1310 and 1321, all those who attended the parliament of 1327 were aware of the constitutional crisis. The king was imprisoned by his

4704: 3305: 1656:

13th-century French depiction of the Three Estates: (1) those who pray (shown as a cleric); (2) those who fight (shown as a knight); and (3) those who work (shown as a peasant).

2588:("First Part"), Campbell draws attention to the Yeoman's manner of speaking. He notes that the Yeoman rambles on impulsively in an unorganized fashion. His speech is full of 4743: 5591: 2696:

in 1598. Elizabeth and her counsellors were preparing an invasion in 1599. However, her Privy Council was no longer composed of her most trusted advisors. Most of them –

1109:. Both armies are shown stylistically; archers in the foreground. English archers are shown with the legendary longbow, while the Italian mercenaries struggle with their 1517:

30 merchant vessels from English ports to the French shore. These vessels carried the troops, horses, food, forage, and whatever else was needed upon landing in France.

884:

how he discovered the king's plot against himself in a commission (document). Hamlet then says he has substituted for the original a commission which he himself wrote:

4009: 3874: 1971:. In 1901, the Yeomanry Cavalry formed the nucleus of the new Imperial Yeomanry. Eight years later, the Imperial Yeomanry and the Volunteer Force were combined as the 4552:

The difficulty yeoman farmers faced in this region was notorious enough that it inspired the lyrics "Corn don't grow at all on Rocky Top; dirt's too rocky by far" in

4491: 4172: 1794:

for his parish. Yeomen, whether working for a lord, king, shire, knight, district or parish, served in localised or municipal police forces raised by or led by the

1887: 4461: 1345: 1944: 992:

sometime in the 11th century, it was later translated into the Wiltshire dialect of Middle English about 1420. Part of the manuscript relates a story about the

617:

When comparing the simpler and more comprehensive OED etymology with the CDE etymology, modern linguists have expressed dissatisfaction with the CDE version.

2081:, proposed that the first Robin Hood was a literary fiction of the 15th and early 16th centuries. This does not mean that Pollard claims that Robin Hood was 1149:, he quickly realized the battlefield importance of the opposing Welsh archers. Firing from ambush, they inflicted serious casualties on Edward's army. When 2250:

These earliest ballads contain clues to the changes in the English social structure which elevated the yeoman to a more powerful and influential level (see

3771: 2954:

For he that does good, having the unlimited power to do evil, deserves praise not only for the good which he performs, but for the evil which he forbears

2891:

employed to explore the struggle between good and evil in the guise of the struggle between the Anglo-Saxons and their Norman overlords shortly after the

4925: 4141: 4612: 2350:

in the Library of Congress North Reading Room in the John Adams Building. Note the green attire of The Yeoman, and his bow, quiver, buckler, and dagger.

730:

Yeoman, as a household servant, is one of the earliest documented uses of the word. During the 14th century, it referred to a servant or attendant in a

438:

began the modern linguistic study of Old English in the early to mid 19th century. Two possible etymologies have been proposed to explain the origin of

1802:, were carried down through families. Yeomen often filled ranging, roaming, surveying, and policing roles. In districts remoter from landed gentry and 1174:. Halidon Hill is where the 20-year old Edward III learned how to combine archers and dismounted men-at-arms – tactics that he would employ during his 1146: 716:

meanings based on the context in which yeoman was used within the document itself. It is these meanings which are described in the following sections.

2638:, which a sermon about penitence, "which can not fail to man nor to woman who through sin has gone astray from the right way to Jerusalem celestial". 5252: 4960: 2677:

sat upon a shaky throne. The Catholic threat from Spain and at home, war with Spain, concern over who she would marry, concern over the succession.

2358:, Chaucer describes The Yeoman as being the only servant The Knight wanted on the pilgrimage. From the way he was dressed, Chaucer supposes he is a 2090:

cultural symbolism for succeeding generations. In his review of Pollard's book, Thomas Ohlgren, one of the editors of the University of Rochester's

407:, closely related to Old English at the time they were spoken. Taken together, these facts would indicate that yeoman (1) is a word specific to the 5184: 2038:. Petty officers were appointed by the ship's captain, and served at his pleasure. They did not retain their rank when they moved to another ship. 1948: 1836:

In the United States, yeomen were identified in the 18th and 19th centuries as non-slaveholding, small landowning, family farmers. In areas of the

5028: 3979: 1649:) who drove the proceedings, both before and after Edward III's coronation. Beginning in 1327, the commons became a permanent part of parliament. 3363: 4895: 4072: 4039: 2925:(1795), which contained all that was known at the time about the heroic outlaw. However, Scott's Locksley is closest to the yeoman depicted in 2326:

include several characters described as yeoman, shedding light on the nature of the yeoman in the late 14th century when the work was written.

2041:

As the US Navy transformed from sail to steam, and from wood to steel, the yeoman's duties gradually changed to more administrative tasks. The

3804: 1429:. The South Fleet (which included all English ports south and west of River Thames) consisted of 493 ships with 9,630 mariners. Of these, the 5352: 1273: 5209: 3595: 3274: 4712: 2752:. The play can be interpreted either as a celebration of Henry's military skill, or as an examination of the moral and human cost of war. 5918: 3517: 2417:

by preventing unauthorized grazing, and illegal logging. Another function of the forester was assist the King's Huntsmen in planning the

1478:

old ships and building new ones for harbor defense, and patrols to protect coastal ships and fishing boats from enemy ships and pirates.

859:

Here Robin vouches for Little John as a yeoman, a faithful servant who will perform whatever duties are required in times of great need.

4658: 4117: 3907: 3332: 3103: 5923: 4997: 2563:

The impression that it was time for the Canon and his Yeoman to move on is reinforced by the Yeoman's description of where they lived:

701: 310: 5058: 3625: 5888: 5755:

Broad, John. "The Fate of the Midland Yeoman: Tenants, Copyholders, and Freeholders as Farmers in North Buckinghamshire, 1620–1800",

4792: 3243: 2859: 1963:) replaced the Yeomanry Cavalry as an instrument of law enforcement. In 1899, the Yeomanry Cavalry were deployed overseas during the 3849: 1740:". Often it was hard to distinguish minor landed gentry from the wealthier yeomen, and wealthier husbandmen from the poorer yeomen. 1539:

had a Master, Clerk, and Yeoman. In 1608, a House of Lords manuscript mentions a ship's gunner and a yeoman. Then in 1669 appeared

3154: 2061:

of 1798 became a Yeoman in 1893. Which makes today's Yeoman a descendant of one of the original rates and ratings in the US Navy.

1732:, wrote that "a Yeoman would not normally have less than 100 acres" (40 hectares) "and in social status is one step down from the 1198:(mounted knights and men-at-arms) with their ability to rapidly fire volleys of arrows, Yeoman Archers are considered part of the 1150: 1474:

As the King was impressing all the big ships and their crews for the war effort, the mayors and merchants of the port towns were

1265: 203: 5599: 5560: 5878: 5846: 5730: 5711: 5685: 4216: 2933:

of Cedric, play pivotal roles as well. This was a new concept at the time, as it was during this period (1775–1779) that the

1990: 4323:

Kepler, J. S. (1973). "The Effects of the Battle of Sluys upon the Administration of English Naval Impressment, 1340–1343".

4017: 3943: 3882: 2448: 5821: 3839:"The Archer'S Tale: An Examination Of English Archers During The Hundred Years War And Their Impact On Warfare And Society" 1331: 652: 4556: 3124: 2802:

besieging Harfleur for over a month; they are suffering from dysentery. "Follow your spirit" and charge, Henry commands.

2713: 297:

References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. In that year, the

5803:

The Versatile Farmers of the North; The Struggle of Norwegian Yeomen for Economic Reforms and Political Power, 1750–1814

4835: 4774: 4537: 2976: 2914: 2717: 2315: 1875: 3487: 2026:. The US naval hierarchy established followed the precedent set by the British Royal Navy. To which the US Navy added 5893: 5650: 5391: 4527: 4437: 4377: 3547: 3409: 2709: 1617: 1269: 919:

is another idiom very similar in meaning to yeoman service. Note that it was used in the third line of Stanza of the

4865: 2010:, the Navy was considered unnecessary by Congress, and it was disbanded in 1785. The surviving ships were sold off. 5938: 3340: 2910: 2697: 1532:. Therefore, it is possible that the real answer to "Why gone the yeomen to boat – Anchors to haul?" was a pardon. 1261: 5424: 5406: 3694:

S. Editha sive Chronicon vilodunense, im Wiltshire Dialekt, aus MS. Cotton, Faustina B III. Hrsg. von C. Horstmann

2748:, written between 1576 and 1599. Henry's victory at Agincourt in spite of overwhelming odds was the perfect plot. 735: 5883: 5794:

Hallas, Christine S. "Yeomen and Peasants? Landownership Patterns in the North Yorkshire Pennines c. 1770–1900",

2990: 2902: 2507: 1956: 1587: 1524:(or Master Mariner) was responsible for sailing the vessel. Under him were the Constables (equivalent to today's 640: 3779: 2413:, but provided winter feed, and cared for newly born calves. The medieval English foresters also provided basic 828:

of the work performed by a faithful servant of the lower ranks, who does whatever it takes to get the job done.

5774: 2731:

on a false charge of treason brought by the Earl of Essex. In spite of his irresponsibility, the Earl of Essex

1457:(200 tons) being converted for war. As new ships were built, the castles became integral with the ship's hull. 1415: 1194:, the Yeoman Archer had become as legendary as his bow. By negating the tactical advantage of large numbers of 695: 353: 4933: 1234: 747:) being performed. The other was based upon whether the person performing the duty was a noble or a commoner. 4620: 2680: 2589: 1719: 1544: 794:

The lowest rank of the Household Office. It generally referred to a menial position for a free-born commoner.

5835: 356:. The yeoman outlaws of the ballads were refashioned into heroes fighting for justice under the law and the 5529: 5493: 4790:

Ohlgren, Thomas. "Imagining Robin Hood: The Late Medieval Stories in Historical Context by A. J. Pollard".

4238:

A collection of ordinances and regulations for the government of the royal household, made in divers reigns

3692: 3666:

A collection of ordinances and regulations for the government of the royal household, made in divers reigns

3216: 2996: 2945:

to lead men in the field is displayed at the attack on Torquilstone castle. At the victory feast under the

2689: 1952: 3744: 2540:

Two Chaucerian scholars have different but complementary interpretations, and neither concern a satire on

2099:

the historical Yeoman was slowly transformed by succeeding generations into a legend for their own times.

1995:

In the modern Navy, a yeoman is an enlisted service member who performs administrative and clerical work.

1536: 1418:, in return for their monopoly on the wine trade, had to make their cogs available to the King on demand. 1334:. Seymour, who was Edward's uncle, had been confined there, and found the warders to be most considerate. 498:, meaning a male youth or young male adult who was in the service of a high-ranking individual or family. 5933: 5260: 5131:

Thompson, Kenneth J. (2006). "Chaucer's Warrior Bowman: The Roles and Equipment of the Knight's Yeoman".

5089: 4968: 4587:

The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850–1890

3023: 2984:'s contribution to the Robin Hood revival of the 19th century was his richly illustrated children's book 2370:. His hair is closely cropped, his face is tanned and weather-beaten, and his horn is slung from a green 2367: 2263: 1986: 302: 196: 2732: 569:(CDE) is another well-respected scholarly source, as it is published by the same company which produces 5445: 5431: 5413: 5036: 3987: 3669: 3583: 2892: 2839: 2451:. It is part of the description of King John II's journey to London, after he had been captured by the 1621: 1583: 1355: 725: 349: 179: 5860:, online database of all known service records from 1369 until conclusion of Hundred Years War in 1453 4233: 3661: 3576: 3371: 2749: 379:

words which are considered acceptable parent words for yeoman. Nor are there any readily identifiable

5898: 5633:

The Welsh wars of Edward I: a contribution to mediaeval military history, based on original documents

4903: 4241: 4080: 4047: 3161:. University of London – Institute of Historical Research/King's College London. 2020. Archived from 2693: 2172: 1927: 1106: 1050: 466:. Although the manuscript has been demonstrated to be a forgery (it was produced during the reign of 454: 294:

for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails.

1001:. There he preached a sermon about the miracle to each man there: knight, squire, yeoman, and page. 482:(noble) at the top; (2) the tunman (townman) at the bottom; and (3) the lesser thegn in the middle. 247:

is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of

4107: 3812: 2909:

Scott invented The Captain/Locksley/Robin Hood (hereafter referred to as Locksley) by drawing from

2673:, which had occurred 184 years before. It is a rousing patriotic play, but it was also propaganda. 2122: 1940: 1857: 1823: 1453:(at the stern), and the topcastle (at the top of the mast). A record from 1335 tells of the vessel 1220: 1036: 770: 591:(man). To further strengthen their etymology, CDE compares their reconstructed word to Old Frisian 467: 5360: 2846:, "gentlemen in England" will be ashamed of being asleep in bed at the time such deeds were done. 945:

Marshalsea Court was a court of the English royal household, presided over by the Steward and the

676:. It was during this time that English gradually replaced Norman French as the official language. 2593: 2166: 2073:

The best-known ballads were about the yeoman outlaw Robyn Hode (Robin Hood, in modern spelling).

1931: 1911: 1845: 1787: 1410:, and a single mast with a single square sail. The largest cogs were built to carry sizable wine 1366: 1326:, the warders were given back the uniform. This was done as a result of petition from the former 571: 404: 31: 5217: 4299: 3603: 3282: 2898: 2750:

Shakespeare presented Henry's invasion of France and his Agincourt victory in all its complexity

2440:

of the dutiful servant, diligent and always ready to serve. In other words, the very picture of

2030:, which included the jobs traditionally assigned to naval yeomen. The first US Navy yeomen were 1939:'s invasion evaporated. However, the Yeomanry Cavalry was retained. They were used to quell the 1162: 2705: 2701: 2600: 2007: 1960: 1879: 1874:

was a leading advocate of the yeomen, arguing that the independent farmers formed the basis of

1853: 1837: 1187: 1171: 669: 513: 330: 189: 17: 5291:

Hartung, Albert E. (1977). "Pars Secunda and the Development of the 'Canon's Yeoman's Tale'".

3525: 2524:

and his Yeoman are not part of the original party. They are introduced when the group reaches

1308: 1253:(red rose). In 1483, Richard, of the House of York, had deposed his young nephew, 12-year old 5913: 3918: 3717: 3004:

adapted to appeal to 20th century film audiences as a romanticized rousing action-adventure.

1860:, typically in the range of 50–200 acres. In the Northern United States, practically all the 1807: 1673: 1313:

The Tower of London was used as permanent royal residence until 1509–10, during the reign of

984: 596: 384: 334: 326: 298: 267: 5005: 4572:

Samuel C. Hyde Jr., "Plain Folk Yeomanry in the Antebellum South", in John Boles, Jr., ed.,

3465: 3193: 3067: 3066:. Vol. 10, part 2 (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 40 (1132). Archived from 2733:

was appointed Lord Lord Lieutenant, and given command of the 16,000-man Irish invasion force

2619:, who betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver. But the tirade is not against alchemy itself. 754:

Floor plan of Horsham Hall (built early 16th century) showing the locations of the kitchen,

5908: 5676:

Sherborne, James (1994). "Indentured Retinues and English Expeditions to France, 1369–80".

5066: 3633: 3434: 2926: 2623: 2533: 2525: 2512: 2394: 2371: 2323: 2112: 2003: 1645:

was paramount. But it was the Knights of the Shire and Burgesses (hereafter referred to as

1633: 1579: 1575: 1562:

in which they lived. It is also influenced by the availability of sources for each period.

1383: 1166: 1127: 1025: 739: 648: 431: 357: 4600:

Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology

3251: 3192:. Vol. 10, part 2 (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 74. Archived from 2393:

Chaucer's description of a forester is based upon his experiences as a deputy forester of

2342: 1032:

the following year. Between 1277 and 1327 she offered knight service at least four times.

8: 5928: 3457: 3426: 3185: 3059: 2934: 2843: 2670: 2660: 2528:, only 5 miles from Canterbury. From the top of Boughton Hill, those traveling along the 2479: 2414: 1599: 1214: 1199: 1191: 1158: 867: 685: 673: 644: 627: 4652: 4428:

Payling, Simon (2009). "Chapter 8: House of Commons, 1307–1529". In Jones, Clyve (ed.).

4301:

A History of the Royal Navy from the Earliest Times to the Wars of the French Revolution

4273:

A History of the Royal Navy from the Earliest Times to the Wars of the French Revolution

3838: 1460: 1257:. Henry Tudor, of the House of Lancaster, was the favored candidate to replace Richard. 5783: 5510: 5462: 5334: 5325: 5302: 5293: 5158: 5150: 5133: 4817: 4809: 4350: 4342: 4325: 3162: 2863: 2456: 1936: 1883: 1828: 1771: 1613: 1571: 1486:, which carried about 130 mariners, there were at least 32 men-at-arms and 32 archers. 1250: 1245:

had persisted intermittently for more than 30 years between the rival claimants of the

1183: 993: 833: 731: 256: 252: 5843: 3097: 2631: 2359: 2127: 1608:, an English king was disposed peaceably, and not usurped by military means. Although 1349: 1179: 475: 5726: 5707: 5681: 5646: 5631: 5387: 5162: 4821: 4770: 4533: 4433: 4373: 4354: 4212: 3405: 2938: 2724: 2684:

Elizabeth I as she appeared about 1595 in a portrait by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger

2387: 2118: 1972: 1921: 1591: 657: 411:

found in England; and (2) is nothing similar to any word used in continental Europe.

400: 79: 1426: 1175: 1055:

hearing Robin's name, the Potter responds (modern translation from glossary notes):

964: 5903: 5535: 5502: 5454: 5142: 5099: 5095: 4801: 4404: 4400: 4334: 3018: 2744: 2529: 2418: 2337: 2320: 2259: 2143: 1999: 1871: 1624:. The Parliament was a legal pretense to confer legitimacy upon their actions. The 1242: 1238: 1154: 934: 881: 800: 665: 345: 338: 221: 113: 58: 5721:

Sherborne, James (1994). "The Battle of La Rochelle and the War at Sea, 1372–75".

5568: 2189:, the military prowess of the yeoman longbowmen during the Hundred Years War (see 408: 5873: 5850: 5769: 5746: 4560: 4394: 3954: 2742:

to rally support for the Ireland invasion. The play followed naturally after his

2186: 2014: 1964: 1803: 1763: 1701: 1694: 1637: 1629: 1605: 1391: 1379: 1314: 1142:. With this 5:1 tactical disadvantage, the English needed a strategic advantage. 926: 690: 527: 435: 172: 146: 65: 38: 1806:, yeomen held more official power: this is attested in statutes of the reign of 744: 700:

shillings Sterling". The fact that only the legal definition (introduced in the

4271: 3132: 2728: 2665: 2521: 2027: 1917: 1841: 1725: 1625: 1549: 1346:

History of the Royal Navy (before 1707) § House of Plantagenet (1216-1399)

1327: 1302: 1280:, Richard's horse became mired in the marsh, and he was killed. Henry had won. 1029: 1009: 977:

One of the earliest documents which contains yeoman as a chivalric rank is the

946: 755: 680: 555:, while at the same time providing most of the earliest definitions of yeoman. 535: 520: 372: 306: 283: 54: 5534:. Waverley novels (Illustrated Library ed.). Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 4736:"Compilation of Enlisted Ratings and Apprenticeships, U.S. Navy, 1775 to 1969" 4553: 4432:(2nd printing ed.). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press (published 2012). 3746:

A Chronicle of the First Thirteen Years of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth

635:. This is probably the first appearance of a dictionary definition for Yeoman. 5867: 5702:

Sherborne, James (1994). "The English Navy: Shipping and Manpower, 1369–89".

4647: 4121:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 916–918. 4112: 3092: 2946: 2919: 2379: 2148: 2074: 1795: 1733: 1246: 1096: 877: 704:) was given is another suggestion that yeoman was a common word at the time. 415: 318: 106: 4843: 2363: 1685: 1101: 824:

which means "good, efficient, and useful service" in some cause. It has the

5539: 4613:"The 18th Parliament of Great Britain/1st Parliament of the United Kingdom" 3495: 2452: 2406: 2212:). It is interesting that this historical detail had been preserved in the 2154: 1865: 1783: 1779: 1729: 1641: 1604:

The parliament of 1327 was a watershed event. For the first time since the

1514: 1475: 1395: 1260:

Three armies met that day on Bosworth Field: Richard, with his supporters,

998: 940: 825: 777: 478:. According to the OED, the manuscript refers to 3 social classes: (1) the 344:

Numerous yeoman farmers in North America served as citizen soldiers in the

313:

restricted voting rights to those freeholders whose land value exceeded 40

4106: 3555: 1535:

Instances of yeoman in a naval context are rare before 1700. In 1509, the

1130:

in which the military duty of a knight to his lord (which was implicit in

5146: 4873: 2981: 2855: 2674: 2651: 2520:

Chaucer constructed this tale quite differently than the other ones. The

2437: 2430: 2018: 1947:, as part of their mandate was to maintain the King's Peace. The rise of 1681: 1660:

In the 14th century, the name commons did not have its modern meaning of

1595: 1521: 1354:

The earliest documented use of yeoman relative to a navy is found in the

1139: 1131: 1105:

Battle of Crécy, as depicted in a 15th-century illuminated manuscript of

1035:

About 50 years later in 1470, another reference to yeomen is made in the

661: 388: 376: 352:. The 19th century saw a revival of interest in the medieval period with 274:

ballads. Yeomen joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as

139: 5830: 5338: 5306: 5154: 5091:

The complete works of Geoffrey Chaucer; edited from numerous manuscripts

4813: 4662:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 916. 1652: 1501: 1020:

by knight service. Usually the abbess fulfilled her duty to the king by

750: 719: 5787: 5466: 4430:

Short History of Parliament: England, Great Britain, the United Kingdom

4346: 2692:

was underway. The English army had suffered defeat by the Irish at the

2627: 2160: 1968: 1791: 1737: 1713: 1466: 1446: 1399: 1375: 763: 322: 291: 271: 132: 91: 72: 5514: 1489: 1225: 325:. This stratum later embodied the political and economic ideas of the 5443:

Chandler, Alice (1965). "Sir Walter Scott and the Medieval Revival".

5323:

Campbell, Jackson J. (1982). "Canon's Yeoman as Imperfect Paradigm".

4805: 4767:

Imagining Robin Hood: The Late Medieval Stories in Historical Context

2079:

Imagining Robin Hood: The Late Medieval Stories in Historical Context

1755: 1609: 1525: 1450: 1323: 1110: 997:

stopped. The archbishop kept his vow, and visited St Edith's tomb at

575:. Their proposed etymology reconstructs a possible Old English word, 506: 471: 396: 392: 102: 87: 5458: 4396:

The Mariner's Magazine: Or, Sturmy's Mathematical And Practical Arts

4338: 4165:"The Canterbury Interlude and Merchant's Tale of Beryn:Introduction" 3464:(1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 441. Archived from 3433:(1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 495. Archived from 2581:

Pilgrims leaving the hostelry that morning, and informed the Canon.

1882:

as a political force was largely built around the yeomen. After the

831:

The sense – although not the use – of the idiom can be found in the

5506: 5094:. Works.1894. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2410: 2023: 1907: 1387: 1254: 1119: 989: 544: 380: 314: 279: 153: 125: 83: 5855: 1890:, formed to organize and enhance the status of the yeoman farmers. 1436: 969: 631:

Page containing the entry for Yeoman in Phillips' 1658 edition of

414:

Another complicating factor for the etymology is that yeoman is a

46: 4370:

The Tudor Navy: An Administrative, Political and Military History

2876: 2727:. She could not prevent the execution of her personal physician, 2541: 2378:, and a small dagger. (Note the similarity between this yeoman's 2375: 2139: 1856:, they controlled far more modest landholdings than those of the 1799: 1775: 1700:

Initially, the Knights of the Shire were selected from among the

1195: 1021: 1005: 487: 263: 260: 248: 164: 160: 121: 98: 4100: 4098: 5816: 5667:

Prince, A. E. (1933). "The Indenture System under Edward III".

4651: 2930: 2436:

Chaucer's description of The Yeoman has been interpreted as an

2421:. The foresters knew the game animals, and where to find them. 2205: 1811: 1759: 1123: 1013: 872: 759: 287: 278:

and archers. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of

275: 168: 2860:

Gothic Revival architecture § Romanticism and nationalism

2064: 1810:(reigned 1509–1547), indicating yeomen along with knights and 1782:

or for the shire or hundred. Other civic duties would include

1530:

pardons offered by Edward to outlaws of the Robin Hood ballads

927:

Attendant or assistant to an official (ca 14th–17th centuries)

679:

The first single-language dictionary of the English language,

317:. These yeomen became a social stratum of commoners below the 305:

into counties and boroughs, with voting rights granted to all

5772:(April 1975). "Yeomen Farmers in a Slaveholders' Democracy". 4642: 4640: 4638: 4095: 3096: 3013: 2616: 2599:

Hartung agrees that Chaucer is presenting the pursuit of the

1767: 1690: 1407: 1277: 1206: 1017: 821: 479: 5671:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 283–297. 3766: 3764: 3626:"Court of the Marshalsea and Court of the Verge: Plea Rolls" 1798:. Some of these roles, in particular those of constable and 1233:

On 22 August 1485, near the small village of Stoke Golding,

4067: 4065: 3936: 3107:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1861: 1849: 1411: 1403: 1016:' knights were her tenants, who in turn held land from the 973:

Edith of Wilton, from a 13th-century illuminated manuscript

474:), it is considered authentic to the 11th and 12th century 368:

The etymology of yeoman is uncertain, for several reasons.

236: 230: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4635: 4209:

Edward III and the War at Sea: The English Navy, 1327–1377

4002: 3917:. University of Southampton. November 2009. Archived from 3588: 3221:

Chambers's etymological dictionary of the English language

3087: 3085: 2576:

Hold their private fearful residence, ..." (lines 657–660)

2516:

Painting of the Canon's Yeoman in the Ellesmere Manuscript

2262:" of courtesy (good manners), goodness, generosity, and a 2085:

historical. He considers that what modern popular culture

5491:

Simeone, William E. (1961). "The Robin Hood of Ivanhoe".

3972: 3761: 3570: 1425:

provides a brief summary of the Fleets organized for the

1283:

Henry rewarded his bodyguards by formal establishing the

227: 4705:"The History of Navy Rank (or Rate): Enlisted Personnel" 4062: 3743:

Warkworth, John (1839). Halliwell, James Orchard (ed.).

2634:. Chaucer is preparing the reader (or listener) for the 2603:

as an affliction He contrasts the Yeoman's Canon in the

290:. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the 5723:

War, Politics and Culture in Fourteenth-Century England

5704:

War, Politics and Culture in Fourteenth-Century England

5678:

War, Politics and Culture in Fourteenth-Century England

5183:. University of Michigan. November 2019. Archived from 4948: 4918: 4765:

Pollard, A. J. (2004). "Preface And Acknowledgements".

4134:"The Canterbury Interlude and Merchant's Tale of Beryn" 4032: 3867: 3082: 2655:

Early 15th century miniature of the Battle of Agincourt

2548:

is a device to include a previously written story into

2316:

The Canterbury Tales § Social class and convention

2142:) of Robin Hood were being sung as early as the 1370s. 1553:: Yeomen of the Sheets, and Yeomen of the Powder Room. 1294: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5204: 5202: 4902:. University of Michigan. line 5.395-6. Archived from 4231: 3799: 3797: 3659: 3632:. The National Archives, Kew, Richmond. Archived from 3147: 2298: 2194: 1886:(1861–1865), organizations of farmers, especially the 1556: 1545:

Society of Merchant-Adventurers of the City of Bristol

1285:

Yeomen of the Guard of (the body of) our Lord the King

1268:; Henry, with his troops under command of the veteran 1090: 653:

transition from Middle English to Early Modern English

643:, the earliest recorded usage of yeoman occurs in the 5088:

Skeat, Rev Walter W., ed. (1899). "Life of Chaucer".

5029:"The 'Marchaunt' of Sherwood: Mercantile Ideology in 4446: 4293: 4291: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4156: 2401:

foot-soldier". The forester's job was to protect the

1470:. Note that the aftcastle is part of the ship's hull. 1134:

feudalism) was replaced by paid, short-term service.

720:

Household attendant or servant (14th century-present)

239: 5345: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4711:. Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from 3836: 3337:

Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership

2774:

That you are worth your breeding, which I doubt not,

2622:

The penitent Yeoman reinforces the overall theme of

2346:

Knight Retinue detail from the wall mural depicting

426:. Linguists have been perplexed about the origin of 259:. The 14th century witnessed the rise of the yeoman 5418: 5400: 5232: 5199: 5051: 5020: 3794: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3418: 3266: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 2758:

Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more,

2409:they inhabited. The foresters not only discouraged 1852:for market. Whether they engaged in subsistence or 1505:

14th century Northern European warship battle scene

1394:) which shuttled the royal retinue up and down the 1151:

Edward invaded Scotland for the second time in 1298

558: 233: 224: 5645:. University of Virginia: Rowman and Littlefield. 4619:. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from 4525: 4288: 4256: 3915:University of Southampton Institutional Repository 3832: 3830: 3235: 3177: 2017:(Article I, Section 8, Clause 14) granted the new 1165:, the English army archers opened up the Scottish 4983: 4858: 4526:Cerasano, S.P.; Hirschfeld, Heather Anne (2006). 3986:. CastlesFortsBattles.co.uk. 2019. Archived from 3749:. London: John Bowyer Nichols and Son. p. 36 3462:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles 3431:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles 3190:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles 3064:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles 2570:"Lurking in hiding places and in dead-end alleys, 2386:.) The forester's final protection is a medal of 1790:duties. It was also common for a yeoman to be an 1042: 647:period, and then becoming more widespread in the 27:Social rank in late medieval/early modern England 5865: 5318: 5316: 5169: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 4896:"William Langland's The vision of Piers Plowman" 4225: 3902: 3900: 3709: 3648: 3449: 3361: 3208: 3122: 3036: 2786:Cry “God for Harry, England, and Saint George!” 2499: 2447:Thompson quotes an interesting excerpt from the 1337: 1028:on his 1223 Welsh campaign, and at the Siege of 5725:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 41–54. 5706:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 29–40. 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5004:. University of Rochester. 2020. Archived from 4967:. University of Rochester. 2020. Archived from 4932:. University of Rochester. 2020. Archived from 4888: 4872:. University of Rochester. 2020. Archived from 4532:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 159. 4476: 4423: 4421: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4125: 3827: 3811:. University of Rochester. 2020. Archived from 3778:. University of Rochester. 2020. Archived from 3716:Pugh, R. B.; Crittall, Elizabeth, eds. (1956). 3540: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3330: 3324: 3118: 3116: 3114: 2573:Where these robbers and these thieves by nature 2489:"And with that word this foul fiend seized him; 2329: 1374:England did not have a standing navy until the 458:(OED) has proposed that yeoman is derived from 5680:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 1–28. 4783: 4698: 4696: 4605: 4392: 4016:. The Battlefields Trust. 2020. Archived from 3837:Talliaferro, US Army, Major Stephen S (2015). 3618: 3297: 2770:Whose limbs were made in England, show us here 2292:In the box to the right, the opening lines of 1061:"It is full little courtesy," said the potter. 664:, and over 32 years of civil war known as the 462:, which first appeared in a manuscript called 5583: 5436: 5313: 5113: 4516:, Oxford University Press, 1960, pp. 125–130. 4040:"The Site of The Battle of Halidon Hill 1333" 3953:. The Battlefield Trust. 2020. Archived from 3897: 3881:. The Battlefield Trust. 2020. Archived from 3718:"Houses of Benedictine nuns: Abbey of Wilton" 3684: 3510: 3312:(1st ed.). London: E. Tyler. p. 174 3272: 3241: 2304: 2193:), and the beginnings of a yeoman class (see 2123:Robin Hood § List of traditional ballads 1640:from the towns, and representatives from the 1513:The warship Captain was also responsible for 1287:. The King of England always had bodyguards ( 1065:If'n a poor yeoman come driving over the way, 820:Yeoman service (also yeoman's service) is an 533:(deckhand, ordinary seaman); cf. also German 403:. The four last-named of these languages are 197: 5521: 5473: 5275: 5253:"8.2 The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue and Tale" 4828: 4800:(2). University of Illinois Press: 262–264. 4758: 4418: 4187: 3736: 3715: 3402:The Great Household in Late Medieval England 3386: 3111: 2903:Robin Hood as portrayed by Douglas Fairbanks 2808:This story shall the good man teach his son, 2712:died in 1598. The council was split between 2297:rise of the new social class of yeoman (see 2254:). In the box to the left is the opening of 1632:were summoned in the King's name, while the 1584:English society § Late medieval society 1402:. Cogs were large merchant ships, with high 734:, usually one who was of higher rank in the 445: 5592:"Robin Hood: Development of a Popular Hero" 5386:. London: hambledon continuum. p. xv. 5375: 4693: 4675:"The British Volunteer Movement, 1793–1807" 4386: 4361: 4316: 2849: 2760:Or close the wall up with our English dead! 2669:was in 1599. The focus of the play was the 2065:Late Middle/Early Modern English literature 1070:"By my troth, thou says truth", said Robin. 769:Similar household duties were grouped into 270:, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the 5359:. Harvard University. 2020. Archived from 5259:. Harvard University. 2020. Archived from 5216:. Harvard University. 2020. Archived from 5081: 5065:. Harvard University. 2020. Archived from 3524:. Harvard University. 2020. Archived from 3480: 2816:We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; 2152:, has Sloth say that he does not know his 1969:series of devastating British Army defeats 1207:Yeoman of the Guard (15th century-present) 898:How to forget that learning; but, sir, now 896:A baseness to write fair, and labored much 702:Electors of Knights of the Shires Act 1429 311:Electors of Knights of the Shires Act 1429 204: 190: 5669:Historical essays in honour of James Tait 5643:War, Politics, and Finance Under Edward I 5598:. University of Rochester. Archived from 5553: 4793:Journal of English and Germanic Philology 4529:Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England 4393:Sturmy, Samuel; Stanyerd, Philip (1899). 4171:. University of Rochester. Archived from 4140:. University of Rochester. Archived from 3772:"Robin Hood and the Potter: Introduction" 3742: 3690: 3281:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 3250:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 3214: 3131:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 2820:Shall be my brother; be he ne’er so vile, 2818:For he today that sheds his blood with me 2812:From this day to the ending of the world, 2776:For there is none of you so mean and base 2723:In 1599, Elizabeth was 66 years old, and 1680:is used herein. The commons included the 5589: 5442: 5322: 5130: 4900:Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse 4666: 4646: 4234:"Household Ordinance of King Edward III" 3355: 3303: 3091: 2897: 2784:Follow your spirit, and upon this charge 2778:That hath not noble luster in your eyes. 2772:The mettle of your pasture. Let us swear 2679: 2650: 2641: 2511: 2341: 2126: 1822: 1651: 1500: 1488: 1459: 1435: 1241:in battle for the Crown of England. The 1224: 1100: 1004:Although Wilton Abbey was a Benedictine 968: 892:Devised a new commission, wrote it fair— 876:(published in 1601). In act V, scene 2, 788:The middle rank of the Household Office. 749: 626: 5490: 5290: 4926:"Robin Hood and the Monk: Introduction" 4764: 4427: 4297: 4269: 4206: 4104: 3424: 3399: 2810:And Crispin Crispian shall ne’er go by, 2720:, who were locked in a bitter rivalry. 2584:At this point, at the beginning of the 2102: 2094:, agreed with this assessment. Because 1945:workers' strikes during the 1820s–1840s 1844:, the landowning yeomen were typically 1707: 1182:was followed by another victory at the 894:I once did hold it, as our statists do, 847:"I shall thee lend Little John, my man, 490:for a lesser thegn. OED suggested that 464:Pseudo-Cnut's Constitutiones de Foresta 14: 5866: 5382:Loades, David (2006). "Introduction". 5381: 4702: 4367: 4322: 4304:. Vol. 2. London: Richard Bentley 4276:. Vol. 1. London: Richard Bentley 4240:. London: John Nichols. Archived from 3668:. London: John Nichols. Archived from 3455: 3183: 3057: 2567:"In the outskirts of a town," said he, 1178:in France. The English victory at the 851:In a yeoman's stead he may thee stand, 543:. This etymology provides a plausible 371:The earliest documented use occurs in 5857:The Soldier in Later Medieval England 5527: 5353:"10.1 The Parson's Prologue and Tale" 5087: 4733: 4563:, now one of Tennessee's state songs. 2544:. Albert E Hartung proposes that the 2495:Where summoners have their heritage." 2232:That was both courteous and generous; 2131:First page of the Antwerp edition of 1991:History of United States Navy ratings 1978: 1827:Coat of arms of Wisconsin during the 1008:, it held its lands from the king by 5660: 4961:"A Gest of Robyn Hode: Introduction" 4742:. United States Navy. Archived from 4727: 4703:Roland, Nicholas (1 November 2019). 4232:Society of Antiquaries, ed. (1790). 3846:Defense Technical Information Center 3660:Society of Antiquaries, ed. (1790). 3518:"A Gest of Robyn Hode (Regularized)" 3275:"Early modern English – an overview" 2822:This day shall gentle his condition; 2607:with the charlatan alchemist in the 2492:Body and soul he with the devil went 1774:. Many yeomen held the positions of 1493:14th century Northern Europe warship 1332:Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset 1295:Yeoman Warder (16th century-present) 1272:, Earl of Oxford; and the troops of 620: 5210:"3.2 The Friar's Prologue and Tale" 5035:. Purdue University. Archived from 5026: 4789: 4734:Malin, Charles A. (December 1969). 4677:. Oxford University. Archived from 4672: 2868: 2471: 2226:One of the best that ever bore bow, 1864:were operated by yeoman farmers as 1557:Social stratum of small freeholders 1309:Tower of London § Changing use 1091:Yeoman archer (14th–15th centuries) 1074:And though thou go forth every day, 956: 255:. The term was first documented in 24: 5919:Social class in the United Kingdom 5618: 5357:Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website 5257:Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website 5214:Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website 5063:Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website 4740:Naval History and Heritage Command 4162: 4131: 3855:from the original on 27 March 2020 3697:. Heilbronn Henninger. p. 101 3522:Harvard's Geoffrey Chaucer Website 2986:The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood 2977:The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood 2718:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 2532:from London can see the towers of 2276:I shall you tell of a good yeoman, 1894: 1386:(descended from the famous Norman 988:). Originally written in Latin by 668:all contributed to the end of the 470:, rather than during the reign of 333:, and transplanted those ideas to 25: 5950: 5924:Social class in the United States 5809: 4372:. Oxford: Routledge. p. 93. 4211:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 4169:TEAMS Middle English Texts Series 4138:TEAMS Middle English Texts Series 4073:"Battle of Bosworth (Field) 1485" 3662:"Liber Niger Domus Regis Edw. IV" 3456:Murray, James A. H., ed. (1901). 3404:. London: Yale University Press. 2814:But we in it shall be rememberèd— 2710:William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley 2390:, the patron saint of travelers. 2299:Social Class of Small Freeholders 2230:Robin Hood was the yeoman's name, 2195:Social Class of Small Freeholders 1423:Household Ordinance of Edward III 815: 418:made by joining two other words: 5889:Agriculture in the United States 5829: 5815: 4842:. Academia. 2020. Archived from 4574:Companion to the American South, 4399:. London: E. Cotes. p. 46. 4298:Nicolas, Nicolas Harris (1847). 4270:Nicolas, Nicolas Harris (1847). 3333:"The New World of English Words" 2864:Romanticism § Great Britain 2698:Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester 2485:devil eventually takes to hell: 1928:French invasion of Great Britain 1926:During the 1790s, the threat of 1818: 1814:as leaders for certain purposes. 1350:Royal Navy § Earlier Fleets 965:Chivalry § Late Middle Ages 660:, the recurring episodes of the 567:Chambers Dictionary of Etymology 560:Chambers Dictionary of Etymology 501:This proposed etymology is that 253:English royal or noble household 220: 45: 5695: 4592: 4579: 4566: 4546: 4519: 4506: 4014:UK Battlefields Resource Centre 3980:"Battle of Halidon Hill (1333)" 3951:UK Battlefields Resource Centre 3879:UK Battlefields Resource Centre 3223:. London: Chambers. p. 567 3215:Findlater, Andrew, ed. (1900). 2991:Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood 2119:Robin Hood § Early ballads 1957:Municipal Corporations Act 1835 1930:appeared genuine. In 1794, The 1899: 1588:England in the Late Middle Ages 1076:Thou shalt not be held by me." 923:quoted in the paragraph above. 738:. This hierarchy reflected the 641:history of the English language 3908:"The Welsh soldier: 1283–1422" 3310:The New World of English Words 3304:Phillips, Edward, ed. (1658). 2968: 2251: 1318: 1147:Edward I invaded Wales in 1282 1063:"As I have heard wise men say, 1043:Yeomanry (14th–15th centuries) 837:, dated to about 1500. In the 713:The New World of English Words 696:The New World of English Words 13: 1: 5834:The dictionary definition of 4079:. 7 June 2013. Archived from 3596:"stand someone in good stead" 3029: 2833:, act 4, scene 3, lines 58–69 2796:, act 3, scene 1, lines 26–37 2725:her personal power was waning 2500:The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue 2441: 2362:. The man is wearing a green 2209: 2190: 1951:during this same period (the 1720:Feudal land tenure in England 1565: 1529: 1338:English Navy yeoman (to 1485) 1186:, and a final victory at the 1126:. They were a product of the 900:It did me yeoman's service." 358:rights of freeborn Englishmen 5879:History of the British Isles 5752:(1992) Oxford U. Press 376p. 5494:Journal of American Folklore 3425:Bradley, Henry, ed. (1914). 3244:"Middle English–an overview" 2997:The Adventures of Robin Hood 2330:General Prologue: The Yeoman 2272:Lithe and listen, gentlemen, 2224:Comely, courteous, and good, 2045:was eliminated in 1838, the 1953:Metropolitan Police Act 1829 1744: 1067:To hold him on his journey." 806:Yeomen of the King's Chamber 363: 7: 5641:Prestwich, Michael (1972). 5623: 5531:Ivanhoe. Two Volumes in One 4454:"The Commons as law makers" 4108:"Yeomen of the Guard" 3805:"Robin Hood and the Potter" 3184:Onions, C. T., ed. (1928). 3155:"Pseudo-Cnut's forest laws" 3058:Onions, C. T., ed. (1928). 3024:Plain Folk of the Old South 3007: 2659:The initial performance of 2438:iconographic representation 2264:devotion to the Virgin Mary 2176:(dated to about 1500), and 1987:Yeoman (United States Navy) 1848:, but some managed to grow 1786:, bridge warden, and other 1364:about the same time as the 1328:Lord Protector of the Realm 1107:Jean Froissart's Chronicles 1024:. But she had knights with 672:, and the beginning of the 354:English Romantic literature 10: 5955: 5636:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5590:Chandler, John H. (2006). 5528:Scott, Sir Walter (1868). 5446:Nineteenth-Century Fiction 5432:Folger Shakespeare Library 5414:Folger Shakespeare Library 5002:TEAMS Middle English Texts 4965:TEAMS Middle English Texts 4930:TEAMS Middle English Texts 4769:. Oxfordshire: Routledge. 4105:Hennell, Reginald (1911). 3809:TEAMS Middle English Texts 3776:TEAMS Middle English Texts 3584:Folger Shakespeare Library 2974: 2874: 2853: 2505: 2477: 2384:Yeomen of the King's Crown 2335: 2313: 2274:That be of freeborn blood; 2116: 2110: 1984: 1915: 1905: 1840:where land was poor, like 1831:, with yeoman on the right 1726:Sir Anthony Richard Wagner 1717: 1711: 1569: 1343: 1306: 1300: 1218: 1212: 1094: 962: 938: 932: 917:Standing one in good stead 853:If thou great need have." 849:For he shall be thy knave; 726:Yeoman (household servant) 723: 633:New World of English Words 350:American Revolutionary War 29: 5801:Vinje, Victor Condorcet: 5181:Middle English Compendium 4617:The History of Parliament 3724:. Victoria County History 3362:Charlotte Brewer (2020). 3123:Anatoly Liberman (2020). 2694:Battle of the Yellow Ford 2546:Canon's Yeoman's Prologue 2508:The Canon's Yeoman's Tale 2433:suspended from his belt. 2278:His name was Robin Hood. 2256:Robin Hood and the Potter 2243:Robin Hood and the Potter 2234:For the love of Our Lady, 2173:Robin Hood and the Potter 1128:English form of feudalism 1072:"Thou says good yeomanry; 1051:Robin Hood and the Potter 743:based upon the function ( 707:Between the 12th century 455:Oxford English Dictionary 447:Oxford English Dictionary 5894:Agricultural occupations 5750:Enclosure and the Yeoman 5740: 5630:Morris, John E. (1901). 4866:"The Robin Hood Project" 4512:Wagner, Sir Anthony R., 4207:Cushway, Graham (2011). 4010:"Battle of Halidon Hill" 3691:Horstmann, Carl (1883). 3364:"1150–1499 in OED1/OED2" 3331:Edward Phillips (1658). 2850:19th century Romanticism 2228:His name was Robin Hood. 1464:The reconstruction ship 1362:Merchant's Tale of Beryn 1357:Merchant's Tale of Beryn 1221:Battle of Bosworth Field 732:royal or noble household 468:King Henry II of England 257:mid-14th-century England 39:Feudal titles and status 5939:13th-century neologisms 5100:2027/uc1.31158011312096 4659:Encyclopædia Britannica 4405:2027/mdp.39015078576140 4163:Bowers, John M. (ed.). 4132:Bowers, John M. (ed.). 4118:Encyclopædia Britannica 3984:Battlefields of Britain 3400:Woolgar, C. M. (1999). 3104:Encyclopædia Britannica 2626:, with its emphasis on 2611:("Second Part") of the 2594:stream of consciousness 2236:All women honored him. 2180:. The oldest copies of 2167:Robin Hood and the Monk 2002:was established by the 1932:British Volunteer Corps 1912:British Volunteer Corps 1367:Robin Hood and the Monk 595:(villager), and modern 572:The Chambers Dictionary 430:since scholars such as 405:West Germanic languages 32:Yeoman (disambiguation) 5884:Agriculture in England 5596:The Robin Hood Project 5567:. 2020. Archived from 5059:"1.1 General Prologue" 4998:"A Gest of Robyn Hode" 4870:The Robin Hood Project 4490:. 2021. Archived from 4460:. 2021. Archived from 4368:Loades, David (1992). 4046:. 2020. Archived from 3722:British History Online 3602:. 2020. Archived from 3554:. 2020. Archived from 3494:. 2020. Archived from 3273:Edmund Weiner (2012). 3242:Philip Durkin (2012). 2956: 2906: 2826: 2789: 2706:Sir Christopher Hatton 2702:Sir Francis Walsingham 2685: 2656: 2517: 2351: 2281: 2239: 2135: 2092:The Robin Hood Project 1961:County Police Act 1839 1949:civilian police forces 1880:Jeffersonian Democracy 1854:commercial agriculture 1838:Southern United States 1832: 1657: 1541:The Mariner's Magazine 1506: 1494: 1471: 1442: 1266:Earl of Northumberland 1230: 1172:Battle of Halidon Hill 1114: 1079: 974: 903: 856: 766: 709:Pseudo-Cnut de Foresta 670:Middle Ages in England 636: 505:is in turn related to 331:Scottish Enlightenment 5757:Continuity and Change 4484:"Rise of the Commons" 3875:"Battle of Falkirk I" 3630:The National Archives 2952: 2901: 2805: 2767:And you, good yeomen, 2755: 2716:(Burghley's son) and 2683: 2654: 2515: 2345: 2269: 2219: 2130: 2032:Yeoman of the Gunroom 1941:food riots of 1794–95 1826: 1655: 1504: 1492: 1463: 1439: 1384:Thames sailing barges 1249:(white rose) and the 1228: 1104: 1058: 979:Chronicon Vilodunense 972: 887: 844: 810:Yeomen of the Offices 753: 630: 587:(district, region) + 375:. There are no known 335:British North America 327:English Enlightenment 299:Parliament of England 5824:at Wikimedia Commons 5775:Agricultural History 5759:1999 14(3): 325–347. 5602:on 21 September 2020 5263:on 24 September 2020 5147:10.1353/cr.2006.0011 5031:A Gest of Robyn Hode 4673:Gee, Austin (1989). 4623:on 27 September 2020 4494:on 21 September 2020 4464:on 21 September 2020 3636:on 12 September 2015 3125:"The Evasive Yeoman" 2927:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2550:the Canterbury Tales 2534:Canterbury Cathedral 2526:Boughton under Blean 2449:Anonimalle Chronicle 2395:North Petherton Park 2348:The Canterbury Tales 2324:The Canterbury Tales 2222:Harken, good yeomen, 2182:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2178:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2133:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2113:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2104:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2096:A Gest of Robyn Hode 2004:Continental Congress 1736:, but above, say, a 1708:Yeoman vs husbandman 1634:Knights of the Shire 1580:Feudalism in England 1576:Estates of the realm 1274:Thomas, Lord Stanley 649:Early Modern English 614:(district, region). 432:John Mitchell Kemble 30:For other uses, see 5822:Yeomen of the Guard 5798:1998 9(2): 157–176. 5770:Genovese, Eugene D. 5762:Campbell, Mildred. 5571:on 20 December 2020 5220:on 19 November 2020 5187:on 15 December 2020 5069:on 12 November 2020 4936:on 14 November 2020 4876:on 14 November 2020 4746:on 14 November 2020 4175:on 16 November 2019 3254:on 11 November 2020 3165:on 10 November 2017 2935:American Revolution 2671:Battle of Agincourt 2661:William Shakespeare 2601:philosopher's stone 2415:woodland management 2405:– the deer and the 1846:subsistence farmers 1728:, Garter Principal 1674:Anglo-Norman French 1622:invasion of England 1543:, dedicated to the 1319:Yeoman of the Guard 1317:. Henry ordered 12 1289:Yeoman of the Crown 1215:Yeoman of the Guard 1200:Infantry revolution 1192:Battle of Agincourt 1159:Commission of Array 1037:Warkworth Chronicle 890:"... I sat me down, 868:William Shakespeare 736:household hierarchy 686:Table Alphabeticall 674:English Renaissance 645:Late Middle English 41: 5934:History of archery 5849:2006-09-07 at the 5764:The English Yeoman 5363:on 28 October 2020 5326:The Chaucer Review 5294:The Chaucer Review 5134:The Chaucer Review 5008:on 2 November 2020 4971:on 21 October 2020 4715:on 22 October 2020 4681:on 8 November 2020 4576:(2004) pp. 139–155 4559:2009-08-30 at the 4144:on 6 November 2020 4050:on 8 December 2020 4020:on 1 November 2020 3990:on 1 November 2020 3885:on 29 October 2020 3815:on 21 October 2020 3606:on 3 December 2020 3558:on 6 December 2020 3528:on 3 December 2020 3498:on 25 October 2019 3468:on 23 January 2007 3437:on 22 January 2007 3285:on 24 October 2020 3196:on 23 January 2007 3159:Early English Laws 3070:on 23 January 2007 2994:and Errol Flynn's 2907: 2883:Ivanhoe: a Romance 2838:But Shakespeare's 2738:Shakespeare wrote 2708:had died by 1591. 2686: 2657: 2518: 2457:Battle of Poitiers 2397:in Somersetshire. 2352: 2321:Geoffrey Chaucer's 2294:Gest of Robyn Hode 2285:Gest of Robyn Hode 2214:Gest of Robyn Hode 2136: 2047:Boatswain's Yeoman 1979:United States Navy 1937:Napoleon Bonaparte 1884:American Civil War 1833: 1754:Yeomen were often 1658: 1572:Parliament of 1327 1537:Office of Ordnance 1507: 1495: 1472: 1443: 1251:House of Lancaster 1231: 1184:Battle of Poitiers 1115: 994:archbishop of York 975: 921:Gest of Robyn Hode 834:Gest of Robyn Hode 804:groups of yeomen: 767: 637: 268:Hundred Years' War 37: 5820:Media related to 5732:978-1-8528-5086-9 5713:978-1-8528-5086-9 5687:978-1-8528-5086-9 5661:Hundred Years War 5027:Ohlgren, Thomas. 4906:on 22 August 2017 4598:Thomas A. Woods, 4514:English Genealogy 4218:978-1-84383-621-6 3374:on 1 October 2020 3368:Examining the OED 2939:French Revolution 2388:Saint Christopher 2382:and those of the 2170:(dated to 1450), 2051:Engineer's Yeoman 1973:Territorial Force 1922:Imperial Yeomanry 1876:republican values 1766:of the district, 1664:. It referred to 1616:and her paramour 1592:Hundred Years War 1416:Vintners' Company 1163:Battle of Falkirk 771:Household Offices 658:Hundred Years War 621:Medieval meanings 409:regional dialects 401:Middle Low German 301:re-organized the 214: 213: 80:Lord of the manor 16:(Redirected from 5946: 5899:Domestic workers 5833: 5819: 5791: 5747:Allen, Robert C. 5736: 5717: 5691: 5672: 5656: 5637: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5501:(293): 230–234. 5488: 5471: 5470: 5440: 5434: 5422: 5416: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5320: 5311: 5310: 5288: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5249: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5128: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4994: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4957: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4836:"Thomas Ohlgren" 4832: 4826: 4825: 4806:10.2307/20722624 4787: 4781: 4780: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4655: 4653:"Yeomanry" 4644: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4577: 4570: 4564: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4295: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4267: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4204: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4110: 4102: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4077:Historic England 4069: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4044:Historic England 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3948: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3923: 3912: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3854: 3843: 3834: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3801: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3657: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3592: 3586: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3397: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3370:. Archived from 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3343:on 15 April 2019 3339:. Archived from 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3120: 3109: 3108: 3100: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3055: 3019:Franklin (class) 2964: 2869:Sir Walter Scott 2844:St Crispin's Day 2834: 2797: 2782: 2768: 2764: 2745:Henry IV, Part 2 2590:free association 2480:The Friar's Tale 2472:The Friar's Tale 2403:vert and venison 2356:General Prologue 2338:General Prologue 2307:Canterbury Tales 2288: 2260:knightly virtues 2252:A Chivalric Rank 2246: 2146:, the author of 2144:William Langland 2055:Equipment Yeoman 2000:Continental Navy 1872:Thomas Jefferson 1764:chief constables 1762:, and sometimes 1695:county palatines 1600:Peasants' Revolt 1467:Ubena von Bremen 1243:War of the Roses 1239:King Richard III 957:A chivalric rank 935:Marshalsea Court 910: 864:yeoman's service 762:relative to the 666:War of the Roses 526:(youngman); and 486:is considered a 346:Continental Army 339:early modern era 321:, but above the 303:House of Commons 246: 245: 242: 241: 238: 235: 232: 229: 226: 206: 199: 192: 147:Domestic servant 59:Territorial lord 49: 42: 36: 21: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5864: 5863: 5851:Wayback Machine 5844:Knight's Yeoman 5812: 5768: 5743: 5733: 5720: 5714: 5701: 5698: 5688: 5675: 5666: 5663: 5653: 5640: 5629: 5626: 5621: 5619:Further reading 5616: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5540:2027/hvd.hn2hle 5526: 5522: 5489: 5474: 5459:10.2307/2932872 5441: 5437: 5423: 5419: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5321: 5314: 5289: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5208: 5207: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5129: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5039:on 27 June 2008 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 4996: 4995: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4959: 4958: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4846:on 27 July 2020 4834: 4833: 4829: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4701: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4671: 4667: 4645: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4597: 4593: 4584: 4580: 4571: 4567: 4561:Wayback Machine 4551: 4547: 4540: 4524: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4426: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4366: 4362: 4339:10.2307/2856270 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4296: 4289: 4279: 4277: 4268: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4244:on 18 June 2013 4230: 4226: 4219: 4205: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4130: 4126: 4103: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4083:on 26 July 2020 4071: 4070: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3960:on 22 July 2020 3957: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3924:on 1 April 2016 3921: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3803: 3802: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3770: 3769: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3672:on 18 June 2013 3658: 3649: 3639: 3637: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3398: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3121: 3112: 3090: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3056: 3037: 3032: 3010: 2979: 2971: 2966: 2958: 2920:Joseph Ritson's 2881:Walter Scott's 2879: 2871: 2866: 2852: 2840:ultimate speech 2836: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2799: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2647: 2510: 2502: 2482: 2474: 2340: 2332: 2318: 2310: 2290: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2248: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2158:(Latin for the 2125: 2115: 2107: 2067: 2059:Captain's Clerk 2043:Gunner's Yeoman 2036:Captain's Clerk 2015:US Constitution 2008:Treaty of Paris 1993: 1985:Main articles: 1981: 1965:Second Boer War 1924: 1914: 1906:Main articles: 1902: 1897: 1895:Modern meanings 1821: 1747: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1666:the communities 1630:Lords Spiritual 1606:Norman Conquest 1602: 1568: 1559: 1449:(at the prow), 1392:Bayeux Tapestry 1380:King Henry VIII 1352: 1340: 1315:King Henry VIII 1311: 1305: 1297: 1262:Duke of Norfolk 1223: 1217: 1209: 1188:Siege of Calais 1180:Battle of Crécy 1155:Cheshire levies 1099: 1093: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1045: 967: 959: 943: 937: 929: 912: 905: 902: 899: 897: 895: 893: 891: 857: 855: 852: 850: 848: 818: 728: 722: 691:Edward Phillips 623: 563: 519:(lad, fellow); 450: 436:Joseph Bosworth 366: 223: 219: 210: 66:Tenant-in-chief 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5952: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5862: 5861: 5853: 5841: 5826: 5825: 5811: 5810:External links 5808: 5807: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5782:(2): 331–342. 5766: 5760: 5753: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5731: 5718: 5712: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5686: 5673: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5651: 5638: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5582: 5552: 5520: 5507:10.2307/537635 5472: 5453:(4): 315–332. 5435: 5428: 4.3/58–69 5417: 5410: 3.1/26–37 5399: 5392: 5374: 5344: 5333:(2): 171–181. 5312: 5301:(2): 111–128. 5274: 5231: 5198: 5168: 5141:(4): 386–415. 5112: 5080: 5050: 5019: 4982: 4947: 4917: 4887: 4857: 4827: 4782: 4776:978-0415404938 4775: 4757: 4726: 4692: 4665: 4650:, ed. (1911). 4648:Chisholm, Hugh 4634: 4604: 4591: 4578: 4565: 4545: 4539:978-0838641194 4538: 4518: 4505: 4475: 4445: 4438: 4417: 4385: 4378: 4360: 4315: 4287: 4255: 4224: 4217: 4186: 4155: 4124: 4113:Chisholm, Hugh 4094: 4061: 4031: 4001: 3971: 3935: 3896: 3866: 3826: 3793: 3782:on 16 May 2020 3760: 3735: 3708: 3683: 3647: 3617: 3587: 3569: 3539: 3509: 3479: 3448: 3417: 3410: 3385: 3354: 3323: 3296: 3265: 3234: 3207: 3176: 3146: 3110: 3098:"Yeoman" 3095:, ed. (1911). 3093:Chisholm, Hugh 3081: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3009: 3006: 2975:Main article: 2970: 2967: 2959:Walter Scott, 2951: 2911:Thomas Percy's 2875:Main article: 2870: 2867: 2851: 2848: 2806: 2804: 2756: 2754: 2729:Roderigo Lopez 2690:Nine Years War 2646: 2642:Shakespeare's 2640: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2506:Main article: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2478:Main article: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2442:yeoman service 2336:Main article: 2331: 2328: 2314:Main article: 2309: 2303: 2270: 2268: 2220: 2218: 2210:Yeoman Archers 2204:, Robin is an 2191:Yeoman Archers 2111:Main article: 2106: 2101: 2077:, in his book 2066: 2063: 2028:Petty Officers 1980: 1977: 1918:Yeoman Cavalry 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1869: 1842:East Tennessee 1820: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1712:Main article: 1709: 1706: 1702:belted knights 1684:of the lesser 1626:Lords Temporal 1618:Roger Mortimer 1614:Queen Isabella 1567: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1550:London Gazette 1427:Crécy campaign 1339: 1336: 1303:Yeoman Warders 1301:Main article: 1296: 1293: 1213:Main article: 1208: 1205: 1176:Crécy campaign 1095:Main article: 1092: 1089: 1059: 1057: 1044: 1041: 1030:Bedford Castle 1026:King Henry III 1010:knight service 963:Main article: 958: 955: 947:Knight-Marshal 933:Main article: 928: 925: 888: 886: 845: 843: 817: 816:Yeoman service 814: 796: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 740:feudal society 724:Main article: 721: 718: 681:Robert Cawdrey 622: 619: 562: 557: 494:is related to 449: 444: 373:Middle English 365: 362: 212: 211: 209: 208: 201: 194: 186: 183: 182: 176: 175: 157: 156: 150: 149: 143: 142: 136: 135: 129: 128: 110: 109: 95: 94: 76: 75: 69: 68: 62: 61: 55:Lord paramount 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5951: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5840:at Wiktionary 5839: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5796:Rural History 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5734: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5699: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5654: 5652:9780874711165 5648: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5409: 5403: 5395: 5393:1-85285-520-7 5389: 5385: 5378: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5319: 5317: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5295: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5084: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5038: 5034: 5032: 5023: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4786: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4697: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4601: 4595: 4588: 4585:Steven Hahn, 4582: 4575: 4569: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4549: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4522: 4515: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4488:UK Parliament 4485: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4458:UK Parliament 4455: 4449: 4441: 4439:9781843837176 4435: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4389: 4381: 4379:0-85967-922-5 4375: 4371: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4319: 4303: 4302: 4294: 4292: 4275: 4274: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4128: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4101: 4099: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3831: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3798: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3765: 3748: 3747: 3739: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3696: 3695: 3687: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3573: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3413: 3411:9780300076875 3407: 3403: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3238: 3222: 3218: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3135:on 2015-12-02 3134: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3086: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3035: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2965: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2829:Shakespeare, 2824: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2792:Shakespeare, 2787: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2636:Parson's Tale 2633: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2613:Yeoman's Tale 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2530:Pilgrim's Way 2527: 2523: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2469: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2380:accoutrements 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2300: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2279: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2244: 2237: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2187:Norman French 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2149:Piers Plowman 2145: 2141: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2062: 2060: 2057:in 1893. The 2056: 2052: 2049:in 1864, the 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1943:and break up 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1819:Yeoman farmer 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:landed gentry 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1739: 1735: 1734:Landed gentry 1731: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662:common people 1654: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1503: 1499: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1299: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1247:House of York 1244: 1240: 1236: 1227: 1222: 1216: 1211: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1097:Yeoman Archer 1088: 1086: 1085:good yeomanry 1077: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 995: 991: 987: 986: 980: 971: 966: 961: 954: 950: 948: 942: 936: 931: 924: 922: 918: 911: 908: 901: 885: 883: 879: 878:Prince Hamlet 875: 874: 869: 865: 860: 854: 842: 840: 836: 835: 829: 827: 823: 813: 811: 807: 802: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 772: 765: 761: 757: 752: 748: 746: 741: 737: 733: 727: 717: 714: 710: 705: 703: 698: 697: 692: 688: 687: 682: 677: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 654: 650: 646: 642: 634: 629: 625: 618: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 573: 568: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 537: 532: 529: 525: 522: 518: 515: 514:North Frisian 511: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 456: 448: 443: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 416:compound word 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 383:of yeoman in 382: 378: 374: 369: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 319:landed gentry 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 262: 258: 254: 250: 244: 218: 207: 202: 200: 195: 193: 188: 187: 185: 184: 181: 178: 177: 174: 170: 166: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 137: 134: 131: 130: 127: 123: 119: 115: 112: 111: 108: 107:Landed gentry 104: 100: 97: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 78: 77: 74: 71: 70: 67: 64: 63: 60: 56: 53: 52: 48: 44: 43: 40: 33: 19: 5914:Middle class 5856: 5836: 5802: 5795: 5779: 5773: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5722: 5703: 5696:English Navy 5677: 5668: 5642: 5632: 5604:. Retrieved 5600:the original 5595: 5585: 5573:. Retrieved 5569:the original 5564: 5561:"Robin Hood" 5555: 5543:. Retrieved 5530: 5523: 5498: 5492: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5425: 5420: 5407: 5402: 5383: 5377: 5365:. Retrieved 5361:the original 5356: 5347: 5330: 5324: 5298: 5292: 5265:. Retrieved 5261:the original 5256: 5222:. Retrieved 5218:the original 5213: 5189:. Retrieved 5185:the original 5180: 5171: 5138: 5132: 5103:. Retrieved 5090: 5083: 5071:. Retrieved 5067:the original 5062: 5053: 5041:. Retrieved 5037:the original 5030: 5022: 5010:. Retrieved 5006:the original 5001: 4973:. Retrieved 4969:the original 4964: 4938:. Retrieved 4934:the original 4929: 4920: 4908:. Retrieved 4904:the original 4899: 4890: 4878:. Retrieved 4874:the original 4869: 4860: 4848:. Retrieved 4844:the original 4840:Academia.edu 4839: 4830: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4766: 4760: 4748:. Retrieved 4744:the original 4739: 4729: 4717:. Retrieved 4713:the original 4708: 4683:. Retrieved 4679:the original 4668: 4657: 4625:. Retrieved 4621:the original 4616: 4607: 4599: 4594: 4586: 4581: 4573: 4568: 4548: 4528: 4521: 4513: 4508: 4496:. Retrieved 4492:the original 4487: 4478: 4466:. Retrieved 4462:the original 4457: 4448: 4429: 4408:. Retrieved 4395: 4388: 4369: 4363: 4333:(1): 70–77. 4330: 4324: 4318: 4306:. Retrieved 4300: 4278:. Retrieved 4272: 4246:. Retrieved 4242:the original 4237: 4227: 4208: 4177:. Retrieved 4173:the original 4168: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4142:the original 4137: 4127: 4116: 4085:. Retrieved 4081:the original 4076: 4052:. Retrieved 4048:the original 4043: 4034: 4022:. Retrieved 4018:the original 4013: 4004: 3992:. Retrieved 3988:the original 3983: 3974: 3962:. Retrieved 3955:the original 3950: 3938: 3926:. Retrieved 3919:the original 3914: 3887:. Retrieved 3883:the original 3878: 3869: 3857:. Retrieved 3845: 3817:. Retrieved 3813:the original 3808: 3784:. Retrieved 3780:the original 3775: 3751:. Retrieved 3745: 3738: 3726:. Retrieved 3721: 3711: 3699:. Retrieved 3693: 3686: 3674:. Retrieved 3670:the original 3665: 3638:. Retrieved 3634:the original 3629: 3620: 3608:. Retrieved 3604:the original 3599: 3590: 3577: 3572: 3560:. Retrieved 3556:the original 3551: 3542: 3530:. Retrieved 3526:the original 3521: 3512: 3500:. Retrieved 3496:the original 3491: 3482: 3470:. Retrieved 3466:the original 3461: 3451: 3439:. Retrieved 3435:the original 3430: 3420: 3401: 3376:. Retrieved 3372:the original 3367: 3357: 3345:. Retrieved 3341:the original 3336: 3326: 3314:. Retrieved 3309: 3299: 3287:. Retrieved 3283:the original 3278: 3268: 3256:. Retrieved 3252:the original 3247: 3237: 3225:. Retrieved 3220: 3210: 3198:. Retrieved 3194:the original 3189: 3179: 3167:. Retrieved 3163:the original 3158: 3149: 3137:. Retrieved 3133:the original 3128: 3102: 3072:. Retrieved 3068:the original 3063: 3002: 2995: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2972: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2922: 2913: 2908: 2887: 2882: 2880: 2872: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2807: 2800: 2793: 2790: 2757: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2722: 2714:Robert Cecil 2687: 2664: 2658: 2648: 2643: 2635: 2621: 2612: 2609:Pars Secunda 2608: 2604: 2598: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2562: 2558: 2554:Pars Secunda 2553: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2519: 2503: 2483: 2475: 2466: 2453:Black Prince 2446: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2407:Royal forest 2402: 2399: 2392: 2383: 2355: 2353: 2347: 2333: 2319: 2311: 2306: 2293: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2255: 2249: 2245:, lines 5–12 2242: 2240: 2221: 2213: 2201: 2199: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2155:Pater Noster 2153: 2147: 2137: 2132: 2108: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2068: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2012: 1997: 1994: 1982: 1925: 1903: 1900:The Yeomanry 1866:family farms 1784:churchwarden 1780:High Sheriff 1730:King of Arms 1699: 1677: 1669: 1668:, which was 1665: 1661: 1659: 1646: 1642:Cinque Ports 1620:after their 1603: 1560: 1548: 1540: 1534: 1519: 1512: 1508: 1496: 1483: 1480: 1476:retrofitting 1473: 1465: 1454: 1444: 1431:King's Ships 1430: 1422: 1420: 1396:River Thames 1373: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1353: 1341: 1312: 1298: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1270:John de Vere 1259: 1232: 1210: 1190:. After the 1144: 1136: 1116: 1084: 1081: 1060: 1049: 1046: 1034: 1003: 999:Wilton Abbey 982: 978: 976: 960: 951: 944: 941:Earl Marshal 930: 920: 916: 915:good stead. 913: 906: 904: 889: 871: 863: 861: 858: 846: 838: 832: 830: 826:connotations 819: 809: 805: 797: 768: 729: 712: 708: 706: 694: 684: 678: 651:period. The 638: 632: 624: 616: 611: 607: 603: 599: 597:West Frisian 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 570: 566: 564: 559: 552: 548: 540: 534: 530: 523: 516: 509: 502: 500: 495: 491: 483: 463: 459: 453: 451: 446: 439: 427: 423: 419: 413: 385:Anglo-Norman 370: 367: 343: 296: 216: 215: 117: 5909:Land tenure 5606:19 December 5575:20 December 5545:21 December 5384:Elizabeth I 5367:22 December 5267:16 December 5224:15 December 5191:15 December 5105:14 December 5073:15 December 5043:11 December 5012:11 December 4975:11 December 4940:11 December 4910:11 December 4880:10 December 4850:10 December 4750:17 December 4719:17 December 4709:The Sextant 4685:19 December 4627:19 December 4410:29 December 4308:28 December 4280:28 December 4179:27 December 4148:27 December 4087:18 December 3944:"Falkirk I" 3753:24 December 3728:24 December 3701:24 December 3378:18 December 3347:23 November 3316:22 November 3227:30 December 2982:Howard Pyle 2969:Howard Pyle 2918:(1765) and 2856:Medievalism 2675:Elizabeth I 2632:forgiveness 2605:Prima Parta 2419:royal hunts 2287:, lines 1–4 2075:A J Pollard 2019:US Congress 1678:the commons 1670:les Communs 1647:the commons 1596:Black Death 1398:, to large 1235:Henry Tudor 1140:men-at-arms 985:Saint Edith 866:is used by 862:The phrase 839:First Fitte 662:Black Death 476:forest laws 389:Old Frisian 377:Old English 348:during the 337:during the 307:freeholders 266:during the 140:Free tenant 5929:Robin Hood 5868:Categories 4498:24 January 4468:24 January 4248:1 December 4054:8 December 4024:8 December 3994:8 December 3964:9 December 3928:8 December 3889:9 December 3859:8 December 3819:7 December 3786:7 December 3676:1 December 3610:3 December 3562:3 December 3532:3 December 3502:7 December 3427:"Sergeant" 3186:"Youngman" 3030:References 2947:Tryst Tree 2941:occurred. 2923:Robin Hood 2854:See also: 2628:repentance 2624:pilgrimage 2586:Prima Pars 2305:Chaucer's 2161:Our Father 2117:See also: 1967:, after a 1959:, and the 1916:See also: 1878:. Indeed, 1808:Henry VIII 1756:constables 1738:husbandman 1718:See also: 1714:Husbandman 1570:See also: 1566:Up to 1500 1526:boatswains 1447:forecastle 1376:Tudor Navy 1344:See also: 1307:See also: 1219:See also: 1167:schiltrons 1157:under the 939:See also: 764:Great hall 547:link from 512:(youths); 323:husbandmen 292:Royal Navy 272:Robin Hood 133:Husbandman 92:Liege lord 73:Mesne lord 5163:162570786 4822:254493442 4554:Rocky Top 4355:159845385 3640:1 January 2431:arrow bag 1829:Civil War 1804:burgesses 1758:of their 1745:1500–1600 1638:Burgesses 1610:Edward II 1515:convoying 1451:aftcastle 1421:The 1345 1388:longships 1324:Edward VI 1161:. At the 1111:crossbows 610:, German 549:yongerman 541:jung Herr 507:Old Norse 492:yongerman 484:Yongerman 472:King Cnut 460:yongerman 397:Old Saxon 393:Old Dutch 364:Etymology 315:shillings 103:Gentleman 5847:Archived 5624:Edward I 5339:25093827 5307:25093421 5155:25094333 4814:20722624 4557:Archived 4326:Speculum 3850:Archived 3580: 5.2 3306:"Yeoman" 3217:"Yeoman" 3060:"Yeoman" 3008:See also 2963:, p. 661 2937:and the 2915:Reliques 2893:Conquest 2663:'s play 2411:poaching 2360:forester 2138:Rhymes ( 2053:and the 2034:and the 2024:frigates 1908:Yeomanry 1858:planters 1792:overseer 1778:for the 1776:bailiffs 1751:farmers. 1682:proctors 1628:and the 1264:and the 1255:Edward V 1120:nobility 990:Goscelin 983:Life of 778:Sergeant 606:, Dutch 577:*ġēamann 553:youngman 545:semantic 531:Jungmann 524:jongeman 510:ungmenni 503:youngman 496:youngman 381:cognates 282:between 280:chivalry 249:servants 154:Vagabond 126:Vavasour 114:Franklin 84:Overlord 5904:Farmers 5805:(2014). 5788:3741274 5467:2932872 5426:Henry V 5408:Henry V 4347:2856270 4115:(ed.). 3548:"vouch" 3472:8 April 3458:"Groom" 3441:8 April 3200:8 April 3074:8 April 2961:Ivanhoe 2931:thralls 2888:Ivanhoe 2877:Ivanhoe 2831:Henry V 2794:Henry V 2740:Henry V 2666:Henry V 2644:Henry V 2552:as the 2542:alchemy 2455:at the 2376:buckler 2372:baldric 2354:In the 2200:In the 2140:ballads 1812:squires 1800:bailiff 1772:hundred 1484:Trinity 1455:Trinity 1390:of the 1196:cavalry 1022:scutage 1006:nunnery 882:Horatio 801:Steward 756:buttery 639:In the 488:synonym 264:archers 261:longbow 165:Villein 122:Retinue 99:Esquire 5874:Yeomen 5837:yeoman 5786: 5729: 5710: 5684: 5649: 5565:Lexico 5515:537635 5513: 5465: 5390: 5337: 5305: 5177:"vert" 5161: 5153: 4820: 4812: 4773: 4602:(2002) 4589:(1983) 4536: 4436: 4376: 4353: 4345: 4215: 3600:Lexico 3578:Hamlet 3552:Lexico 3492:Lexico 3408: 3289:23 Nov 3279:OUblog 3258:23 Nov 3248:OUblog 3169:20 Nov 3139:20 Nov 3129:OUblog 2905:(1922) 2862:, and 2704:, and 2630:, and 2206:outlaw 2121:, and 2087:thinks 1955:, the 1888:Grange 1788:warden 1760:parish 1686:clergy 1598:, and 1522:Master 1414:. The 1408:sterns 1348:, and 1132:tenure 1124:gentry 1014:Abbess 1012:. The 909:, V, 2 907:Hamlet 880:tells 873:Hamlet 785:Yeoman 760:pantry 758:, and 536:Junker 528:German 517:ongman 309:. The 288:squire 276:seamen 251:in an 217:Yeoman 173:Cottar 169:Bordar 118:Yeoman 18:Yeomen 5784:JSTOR 5741:Other 5511:JSTOR 5463:JSTOR 5335:JSTOR 5303:JSTOR 5159:S2CID 5151:JSTOR 4818:S2CID 4810:JSTOR 4351:S2CID 4343:JSTOR 4111:. In 3958:(PDF) 3947:(PDF) 3922:(PDF) 3911:(PDF) 3853:(PDF) 3842:(PDF) 3488:"fit" 3014:Churl 2617:Judas 2522:Canon 2364:tunic 1862:farms 1850:crops 1768:shire 1691:laity 1441:them. 1412:casks 1404:prows 1278:melee 1145:When 1087:was. 1018:Abbey 822:idiom 791:Groom 593:gāman 521:Dutch 480:thegn 399:, or 180:Slave 5727:ISBN 5708:ISBN 5682:ISBN 5647:ISBN 5608:2020 5577:2020 5547:2020 5388:ISBN 5369:2020 5269:2020 5226:2020 5193:2020 5107:2020 5075:2020 5045:2020 5014:2020 4977:2020 4942:2020 4912:2020 4882:2020 4852:2020 4771:ISBN 4752:2020 4721:2020 4687:2020 4629:2020 4534:ISBN 4500:2021 4470:2021 4434:ISBN 4412:2020 4374:ISBN 4310:2020 4282:2020 4250:2020 4213:ISBN 4181:2020 4150:2020 4089:2020 4056:2020 4026:2020 3996:2020 3966:2020 3930:2020 3891:2020 3861:2020 3821:2020 3788:2020 3755:2020 3730:2020 3703:2020 3678:2020 3642:2021 3612:2020 3564:2020 3534:2020 3504:2020 3474:2022 3443:2022 3406:ISBN 3380:2020 3349:2020 3318:2020 3291:2020 3260:2020 3229:2020 3202:2022 3171:2020 3141:2020 3076:2022 2688:The 2592:and 2368:hood 2366:and 2202:Gest 2013:The 1998:The 1989:and 1920:and 1910:and 1520:The 1406:and 1400:cogs 1237:met 1122:and 808:and 745:duty 711:and 608:gouw 589:mann 565:The 452:The 434:and 329:and 286:and 284:page 161:Serf 88:Vogt 5536:hdl 5503:doi 5455:doi 5143:doi 5096:hdl 4802:doi 4798:107 4401:hdl 4335:doi 2781:... 2763:... 2301:). 2197:). 2083:not 1770:or 1672:in 1378:of 870:in 683:'s 612:Gau 604:goa 600:gea 585:ġēa 551:to 440:yeo 428:yeo 424:man 420:yeo 5870:: 5780:49 5778:. 5594:. 5563:. 5509:. 5499:74 5497:. 5475:^ 5461:. 5451:19 5449:. 5430:, 5412:, 5355:. 5331:17 5329:. 5315:^ 5299:12 5297:. 5277:^ 5255:. 5234:^ 5212:. 5201:^ 5179:. 5157:. 5149:. 5139:40 5137:. 5115:^ 5061:. 5000:. 4985:^ 4963:. 4950:^ 4928:. 4898:. 4868:. 4838:. 4816:. 4808:. 4796:. 4738:. 4707:. 4695:^ 4656:. 4637:^ 4615:. 4486:. 4456:. 4420:^ 4349:. 4341:. 4331:48 4329:. 4290:^ 4258:^ 4236:. 4189:^ 4167:. 4136:. 4097:^ 4075:. 4064:^ 4042:. 4012:. 3982:. 3949:. 3913:. 3899:^ 3877:. 3848:. 3844:. 3829:^ 3807:. 3796:^ 3774:. 3763:^ 3720:. 3664:. 3650:^ 3628:. 3598:. 3582:, 3550:. 3520:. 3490:. 3460:. 3429:. 3388:^ 3366:. 3335:. 3308:. 3277:. 3246:. 3219:. 3188:. 3157:. 3127:. 3113:^ 3101:. 3084:^ 3062:. 3038:^ 3000:. 2895:. 2858:, 2735:. 2700:, 2459:: 2444:. 2216:. 1975:. 1704:. 1697:. 1636:, 1594:, 1590:, 1586:, 1582:, 1578:, 1574:, 1330:, 693:' 602:, 583:, 581:ġē 539:⇐ 442:. 422:+ 395:, 391:, 387:, 360:. 341:. 231:oʊ 171:/ 167:/ 163:/ 124:/ 120:/ 116:/ 105:/ 101:/ 90:/ 86:/ 82:/ 57:/ 5790:. 5735:. 5716:. 5690:. 5655:. 5610:. 5579:. 5549:. 5538:: 5517:. 5505:: 5469:. 5457:: 5396:. 5371:. 5341:. 5309:. 5271:. 5228:. 5195:. 5165:. 5145:: 5109:. 5098:: 5077:. 5047:. 5033:" 5016:. 4979:. 4944:. 4914:. 4884:. 4854:. 4824:. 4804:: 4779:. 4754:. 4723:. 4689:. 4631:. 4542:. 4502:. 4472:. 4442:. 4414:. 4403:: 4382:. 4357:. 4337:: 4312:. 4284:. 4252:. 4221:. 4183:. 4152:. 4091:. 4058:. 4028:. 3998:. 3968:. 3932:. 3893:. 3863:. 3823:. 3790:. 3757:. 3732:. 3705:. 3680:. 3644:. 3614:. 3566:. 3536:. 3506:. 3476:. 3445:. 3414:. 3382:. 3351:. 3320:. 3293:. 3262:. 3231:. 3204:. 3173:. 3143:. 3078:. 1868:. 1113:. 981:( 243:/ 240:n 237:ə 234:m 228:j 225:ˈ 222:/ 205:e 198:t 191:v 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index