Knowledge

York County, Ontario

Source 📝

49: 1530:
When the City of Toronto (Old Toronto) was incorporated in 1834, the portion of the township encompassing the City was severed. York Township continued in that part of the county north of the new City. It became the Borough of York, part of Metro Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York
1493:
North York was originally part of York Township, later becoming a township on its own within York County. When Metro Toronto was formed in 1954, it was merged into Metro, becoming the Borough of North York, thereby being severed by York County. It later became the City of North York, within
1138:
From the 19th century to 1900, the offices of York County were held in various court houses. York County offices were first held at the First York County Courthouse on Front Street and Parliament Street from 1800 to 1813. The First York County Courthouse also housed the
353:
on 6 May 1970, officials representing the municipalities of York County approved plans for the creation of a regional government entity to replace York County. In 1971, the remaining portion of York County was dissolved by restructuring it into the new
1483:
New Toronto was originally part of Etobicoke Township, later becoming a town on its own within York County. When Metro Toronto was formed in 1954, it was merged into Metro, thereby being severed by York County. The town itself was dissolved in
1473:
Mimico was originally part of Etobicoke Township, later becoming a town on its own within York County. When Metro Toronto was formed in 1954, it was merged into Metro, thereby being severed by York County. The town itself was dissolved in
1130:
for York County was situated in Toronto (named York prior to 1834) from 1792 to 1953. After the creation of Metropolitan Toronto in 1953, the seat of government for York County was moved to Newmarket.
1446:
The village of Forest Hill became the Borough of Forest Hill when it became part of Metropolitan Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York County. The borough itself was dissolved in 1967.
1151:). From 1824 to 1845, the county's offices were located at the Second York County Courthouse on Church Street and King Street. From 1852 to 1900, the county offices were located at the 243:. However by 1851, York County only consisted of the areas presently comprising Toronto and Regional Municipality of York. In 1953, York County was split again, with the area south of 1147:, the county officials and legislative assembly met at the home of Major Alexander Montgomery Jr., located on north side of Richmond Street between Yonge and Victoria Streets (now 1231:
West York and 1st Lincoln & Haldimand become separate ridings, Durham County breaks from York and Simcoe to form Durham and Northumberland; 1st York renamed as East York
302:
in 1834, served as the initial seat for the county. Once Toronto was incorporated, it was severed from York County, although county offices remained located in Toronto.
1619: 1253:
East York & Simcoe becomes York & Simcoe, two new ridings - covering York County outside of Town of York and another covering on the Town of York only
1512:
The village of Swansea became part of Metro Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York County. The village itself was absorbed into Old Toronto in 1967.
313:
counties were created, with portions of York County transferred to the new counties. In 1851, the western portions of York County were separated to form
1437:
The township of Etobicoke became the Borough of Etobicoke when it became part of Metropolitan Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York County.
1705: 1186:
by several ridings, initially grouped with neighbouring counties, then for the town of York (York, Upper Canada) and rural parts or York County:
1287: 1700: 1464:
Long Branch was originally part of Etobicoke Township. It was merged into Metro Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York County.
1165:
After the southern portion of York County was severed to form Metropolitan Toronto in 1953, the county's offices were relocated to the
254:
York County was formally dissolved in 1971, with its remaining municipalities reorganized as the Regional Municipality of York.
1720: 1166: 1275:
after City of Toronto created in 1834 the riding is renamed Toronto, the rural York riding is broken into 4 separate ridings
275: 224: 1183: 1140: 1503:
The township was merged into Metro Toronto as the Borough of Scarborough in 1954, thereby being severed from York County.
1715: 1661: 279: 228: 201: 326: 1385:
The type of municipality displayed is from the year the municipality was severed from York County, not its present type
1352:
Most members were residents in Toronto and did not necessary represent a specific geographical area of York County.
1366: 1710: 1074: 1012: 991: 914: 811: 790: 709: 331: 287: 236: 951: 459: 1095: 1033: 968: 941: 873: 834: 751: 730: 652: 593: 572: 497: 476: 449: 426: 405: 366:
The following table is a list of historic municipalities that were at one point situated within York County.
355: 283: 232: 108: 1645:. Toronto: Municipal Corporation of the Township of York and the Board of Education of the Township of York. 189: 1148: 33: 48: 924: 436: 306: 1158:
From 1900 to 1953, the municipal government of Toronto shared its office space with York County at
639: 392: 215:
Created in 1792, at its largest size, it encompassed the area that presently comprises the City of
1606:"Biography – MONTGOMERY, JOHN (d. 1879) – Volume X (1871-1880) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" 1264:
York & Simcoe separated with York County outside of Town of York represented by single riding
1552: 1455:
The town of Leaside became part of Metro Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York County.
1159: 318: 342:. As a result of this separation, the county offices for York County were moved from Toronto to 1605: 1220:
2 ridings created with Haldimand County joining Lincoln County and western part of York County
1090: 868: 829: 821: 350: 310: 271: 220: 38: 1425: 1415:
In 1971, York County was dissolved, and reorganized into the Regional Municipality of York.
1361: 1152: 844: 621: 543: 339: 314: 248: 8: 1169:. In 1957, the York County Administrative Offices was also opened at 62 Bayview Parkway. 704: 1428:
in 1954, becoming the Borough of York. It was severed from York Country in the process.
1127: 978: 806: 719: 343: 295: 140: 128: 76: 317:. In the same year, the eastern riding of York County was separated from York to form 1579: 1521:
Weston was merged into Metro Toronto in 1954, thereby being severed from York County.
1001: 986: 746: 567: 291: 240: 883: 647: 603: 492: 471: 444: 400: 209: 120: 1620:"'I certainly am going to miss it': York Region's former HQ coming down this week" 1069: 1061: 1043: 901: 415: 262:
York County was created on 16 June 1792 and was part of the jurisdiction of the
1144: 909: 335: 244: 1694: 1676: 1663: 1105: 582: 263: 176: 96: 208:. It was organized by the Upper Canada administration from the lands of the 193: 70: 1217:
Durham, Simcoe & 1st York and West York, 1st Lincoln & Haldimand
1209:
single riding representing Durham County, York County and Lincoln County
963: 932: 680: 299: 197: 134: 116: 266:
of Upper Canada. It originally comprised all of what is now the City of
761: 525: 507: 171: 959: 936: 467: 1290:
from 1841 to 1867 with rural and town (city after 1834) ridings:
1113: 1051: 1028: 891: 852: 769: 688: 670: 629: 611: 551: 533: 515: 267: 216: 205: 166:
The following figure was the size of the county from 1851 to 1953
82: 1228:
West York, 1st Lincoln & Haldimand, East York & Simcoe
785: 662: 1343:
East Toronto, West Toronto, York East, York West, York North
1313:
Ridings carried over from former Parliament of Upper Canada
1172: 1324:
Rural York County ridings renamed by dropping numbering
1321:
Toronto, York East, York West, York North, York South
19:
Place in * Upper Canada * Province of Canada * Ontario
1272:Toronto, 1st York, 2nd York, 3rd York and 4th York 1634:Province of Ontario — A History 1615 to 1927 1580:"Approval, relief first reactions of politicians" 1692: 1310:Toronto, 1st York, 2nd York, 3rd York, 4th York 1631: 1643:York Township: An Historical Summary 1850-1954 1288:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada 346:. The Act went into effect on 1 January 1954. 1632:Middleton, Jesse Edgar; Landon, Fred (1927). 1332:Toronto, York East, York West, York North 361: 338:severed from York County and forming the 158:2,392.17 km (923.62 sq mi) 1553:"York's first major overhaul since 1850" 1706:Populated places disestablished in 1971 1636:. Toronto: Dominion Publishing Company. 1571: 1173:Representation in colonial legislatures 1693: 1649: 1640: 1167:Old Newmarket Town Hall and Courthouse 1497: 1411: 1281: 1250:York & Simcoe, York, York (town) 1701:Populated places established in 1792 1577: 1515: 1506: 1487: 1440: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1184:Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada 1141:Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada 340:Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto 249:Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto 1524: 1467: 1449: 1431: 1424:East York Township was merged into 1182:York County was represented in the 334:. This saw municipalities south of 13: 1477: 14: 1732: 1458: 1418: 1388: 1133: 1367:List of Ontario census divisions 47: 1612: 1598: 1206:Durham, York & 1st Lincoln 1177: 332:Legislative Assembly of Ontario 288:Regional Municipality of Durham 237:Regional Municipality of Durham 1545: 1379: 1091:Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville 869:Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville 384:Present upper-tier government 378:Year severed from York County 1: 1721:Regional Municipality of York 1538: 1121: 356:Regional Municipality of York 109:Regional Municipality of York 54: 1286:York was represented in the 1242:West York riding disappears 298:, later incorporated as the 7: 1355: 1149:Confederation Life Building 286:as well as portions of the 107:1971 (reorganized into the 10: 1737: 1716:Former counties in Ontario 1578:Lott, John (13 May 1970). 257: 1559:. 13 May 1970. p. 17 1112: 1050: 890: 851: 768: 687: 669: 628: 610: 550: 532: 514: 170: 162: 154: 149: 115: 103: 91: 64: 46: 31: 24: 16:Historic county in Canada 1650:Sawdon, Herb H. (1961). 1372: 1346:Toronto ridings renamed 493:Town of East Gwillimbury 327:Metropolitan Toronto Act 1239:East York & Simcoe 1160:Toronto's Old City Hall 362:Historic municipalities 272:regional municipalities 235:as well as portions of 221:regional municipalities 1711:1971 disestablishments 1641:Boylen, J.C. (1954). 1335:York South dissolved 1009:Township of Uxbridge 830:City of Richmond Hill 381:Present municipality 375:Name of municipality 372:Type of municipality 39:regional municipality 1652:The Woodbridge Story 1426:Metropolitan Toronto 1362:Greater Toronto Area 1153:Adelaide Court House 1673: /  964:City of Mississauga 933:City of Mississauga 324:In April 1953, the 95:1792 (created from 1282:Province of Canada 1261:York, York (town) 1128:seat of government 740:North Gwillimbury 727:Town of Newmarket 705:City of Burlington 330:was passed in the 290:, and the City of 155: • Total 77:Province of Canada 1677:43.857°N 79.423°W 1654:. pp. 13–14. 1350: 1349: 1279: 1278: 1119: 1118: 910:Township of Brock 807:City of Pickering 590:Township of King 486:East Gwillimbury 202:Canadian province 183: 182: 37:(Restructured as 1728: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1655: 1646: 1637: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1549: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1416: 1413: 1386: 1383: 1293: 1292: 1189: 1188: 987:Town of Oakville 960:City of Brampton 937:City of Brampton 747:Town of Georgina 568:Town of Georgina 468:City of Brampton 369: 368: 349:At a meeting in 239:and the City of 210:Toronto Purchase 59: 56: 51: 34:Dissolved county 22: 21: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1691: 1690: 1682:43.857; -79.423 1681: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1628: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1589: 1587: 1586:. pp. 1, 2 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1478: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1358: 1284: 1180: 1175: 1136: 1124: 1114:City of Toronto 1052:City of Toronto 1029:City of Vaughan 962: 935: 892:City of Toronto 853:City of Toronto 770:City of Toronto 689:City of Toronto 671:City of Toronto 648:City of Markham 630:City of Toronto 612:City of Toronto 552:City of Toronto 534:City of Toronto 516:City of Toronto 472:Town of Caledon 470: 445:Town of Caledon 423:Town of Aurora 401:Town of Caledon 364: 300:City of Toronto 260: 190:historic county 119: 65:Colony/Province 60: 57: 42: 36: 27: 20: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1734: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1657: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1626: 1625: 1611: 1597: 1570: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1496: 1486: 1476: 1466: 1457: 1448: 1439: 1430: 1417: 1387: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1145:Battle of York 1135: 1134:County offices 1132: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1070:Town of Whitby 1067: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1007: 1004: 999: 995: 994: 989: 984: 981: 976: 972: 971: 966: 957: 954: 949: 945: 944: 939: 930: 927: 922: 918: 917: 912: 907: 904: 899: 895: 894: 889: 886: 881: 877: 876: 871: 866: 863: 860: 856: 855: 850: 847: 842: 838: 837: 832: 827: 824: 819: 815: 814: 809: 804: 801: 798: 794: 793: 788: 786:City of Oshawa 783: 780: 777: 773: 772: 767: 764: 759: 755: 754: 749: 744: 741: 738: 734: 733: 728: 725: 722: 717: 713: 712: 707: 702: 699: 696: 692: 691: 686: 683: 678: 674: 673: 668: 665: 660: 656: 655: 650: 645: 642: 637: 633: 632: 627: 624: 619: 615: 614: 609: 606: 601: 597: 596: 591: 588: 585: 580: 576: 575: 570: 565: 562: 559: 555: 554: 549: 546: 541: 537: 536: 531: 528: 523: 519: 518: 513: 510: 505: 501: 500: 495: 490: 487: 484: 480: 479: 474: 465: 462: 457: 453: 452: 447: 442: 439: 434: 430: 429: 424: 421: 418: 413: 409: 408: 403: 398: 395: 390: 386: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 363: 360: 336:Steeles Avenue 319:Ontario County 294:. The town of 259: 256: 245:Steeles Avenue 181: 180: 174: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 147: 146: 145: 144: 138: 132: 124: 121:Administrative 113: 112: 105: 101: 100: 93: 89: 88: 87: 86: 80: 74: 66: 62: 61: 52: 44: 43: 32: 29: 28: 25: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1733: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1689: 1686: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1621: 1615: 1607: 1601: 1585: 1581: 1574: 1558: 1554: 1548: 1544: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1470: 1461: 1452: 1443: 1434: 1427: 1421: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1382: 1378: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1131: 1129: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075:Durham Region 1073: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1013:Durham Region 1011: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 992:Halton Region 990: 988: 985: 982: 980: 977: 974: 973: 970: 967: 965: 961: 958: 955: 953: 950: 947: 946: 943: 940: 938: 934: 931: 928: 926: 923: 920: 919: 916: 915:Durham Region 913: 911: 908: 905: 903: 900: 897: 896: 893: 887: 885: 882: 879: 878: 875: 872: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 857: 854: 848: 846: 843: 840: 839: 836: 833: 831: 828: 825: 823: 822:Richmond Hill 820: 817: 816: 813: 812:Durham Region 810: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 795: 792: 791:Durham Region 789: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 774: 771: 765: 763: 760: 757: 756: 753: 750: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 721: 718: 715: 714: 711: 710:Halton Region 708: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 693: 690: 684: 682: 679: 676: 675: 672: 666: 664: 661: 658: 657: 654: 651: 649: 646: 643: 641: 638: 635: 634: 631: 625: 623: 620: 617: 616: 613: 607: 605: 602: 599: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 584: 581: 578: 577: 574: 571: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 556: 553: 547: 545: 542: 539: 538: 535: 529: 527: 524: 521: 520: 517: 511: 509: 506: 503: 502: 499: 496: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 481: 478: 475: 473: 469: 466: 463: 461: 458: 455: 454: 451: 448: 446: 443: 440: 438: 435: 432: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 417: 414: 411: 410: 407: 404: 402: 399: 396: 394: 391: 388: 387: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 370: 367: 359: 357: 352: 351:Richmond Hill 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 264:Home District 255: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 213: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 178: 175: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 148: 142: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 126: 125: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 97:Home District 94: 90: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 69: 68: 67: 63: 50: 45: 40: 35: 30: 23: 1658: 1651: 1642: 1633: 1614: 1600: 1588:. Retrieved 1583: 1573: 1561:. Retrieved 1556: 1547: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1499: 1489: 1479: 1469: 1460: 1451: 1442: 1433: 1420: 1381: 1351: 1285: 1181: 1178:Upper Canada 1164: 1157: 1143:.)After the 1137: 1125: 952:Toronto Gore 862:Stouffville 460:Chinguacousy 365: 348: 325: 323: 304: 261: 253: 247:forming the 214: 212:and others. 194:Upper Canada 185: 184: 92:Incorporated 71:Upper Canada 58: 1880s 53:York County 1680: / 1096:York Region 1084:Whitchurch 1034:York Region 969:Peel Region 942:Peel Region 874:York Region 845:Scarborough 835:York Region 752:York Region 731:York Region 681:New Toronto 653:York Region 622:Long Branch 594:York Region 573:York Region 544:Forest Hill 498:York Region 477:Peel Region 450:Peel Region 427:York Region 406:Peel Region 315:Peel County 198:Canada West 186:York County 143:(1953–1971) 137:(1834–1953) 131:(1792–1834) 117:County seat 85:(1867–1971) 79:(1841–1867) 73:(1792–1841) 26:York County 1695:Categories 1668:79°25′23″W 1665:43°51′25″N 1539:References 1299:Riding(s) 1195:Riding(s) 1122:Governance 800:Pickering 762:North York 200:, and the 1102:Township 1081:Township 1058:Township 1019:Township 998:Township 979:Trafalgar 975:Township 948:Township 921:Township 898:Township 841:Township 797:Township 758:Township 737:Township 720:Newmarket 695:Township 579:Township 561:Georgina 558:Township 526:Etobicoke 522:Township 508:East York 504:Township 483:Township 456:Township 433:Township 389:Township 344:Newmarket 307:Wentworth 305:In 1816, 179:(Eastern) 177:UTC−05:00 172:Time zone 141:Newmarket 104:Dissolved 1590:30 April 1563:30 April 1356:See also 1022:Vaughan 1002:Uxbridge 880:Village 859:Village 776:Village 636:Village 618:Village 540:Village 292:Hamilton 241:Hamilton 1584:The Era 1557:The Era 1531:County. 925:Toronto 884:Swansea 779:Oshawa 698:Nelson 640:Markham 604:Leaside 437:Caledon 268:Toronto 258:History 217:Toronto 206:Ontario 135:Toronto 83:Ontario 1494:Metro. 1302:Notes 1198:Notes 1062:Whitby 1044:Weston 902:Thorah 663:Mimico 416:Aurora 393:Albion 311:Halton 282:, and 276:Halton 270:, the 231:, and 225:Halton 219:, the 163:  1484:1967. 1474:1967. 1373:Notes 1340:1860 1329:1857 1318:1848 1307:1841 1296:Year 1269:1835 1258:1829 1247:1821 1236:1817 1225:1809 1214:1800 1203:1792 1192:Year 1110:1954 1087:1971 1066:1851 1048:1954 1040:Town 1025:1971 1006:1851 983:1816 956:1851 929:1851 906:1851 888:1954 865:1971 849:1954 826:1971 818:City 803:1851 782:1851 766:1954 743:1971 724:1971 716:Town 701:1816 685:1954 677:Town 667:1954 659:Town 644:1971 626:1954 608:1954 600:Town 587:1971 564:1971 548:1954 530:1954 512:1954 489:1971 464:1851 441:1851 420:1971 412:Town 397:1851 188:is a 1592:2015 1565:2015 1126:The 1106:York 583:King 309:and 296:York 284:York 280:Peel 233:York 229:Peel 150:Area 129:York 123:seat 274:of 223:of 204:of 192:in 1697:: 1582:. 1555:. 1390:^ 1162:. 1155:. 358:. 321:. 278:, 251:. 227:, 196:, 55:c. 1622:. 1608:. 1594:. 1567:. 111:) 99:) 41:)

Index

Dissolved county
regional municipality
York County c. 1880s
Upper Canada
Province of Canada
Ontario
Home District
Regional Municipality of York
County seat
Administrative
York
Toronto
Newmarket
Time zone
UTC−05:00
historic county
Upper Canada
Canada West
Canadian province
Ontario
Toronto Purchase
Toronto
regional municipalities
Halton
Peel
York
Regional Municipality of Durham
Hamilton
Steeles Avenue
Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.