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chances of reformers being elected. The bill passed on March 6, 1834, and proposed two different property qualifications for voting. There was a higher qualification for the election of aldermen (who would also serve as magistrates), and a lower one for common councillors. Two aldermen and two councilmen would be elected from each city ward. This relatively broad electorate was offset by a much higher qualification for election to office, which essentially limited election to the wealthy much like the old Court of
Quarter Sessions it replaced. The mayor was elected by the aldermen from among their number, and a clear barrier was erected between those of property who served as full magistrates, and the rest. Only 230 of the city's 2,929 adult men met this stringent property qualification. However, the Family Compact - and their member for Parliament Sheriff
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In an attempt to defuse the growing tension, Sheriff Jarvis assembled the government supporters into a parade of 1,200, which marched off to government house in the west end to cheer Lieut. Governor
Colborne, before returning to the Market Square. As they re-passed the Court House, they were joined by a group carrying an effigy of Mackenzie, who made their way to the Advocate office on Church St., which they began to pelt with stones. After burning the effigy of Mackenzie, a general skirmish ensued when the terrified printers fired a warning shot over the mob's heads. A riot ensued that lasted the night.
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received in his civil lawsuit against the vandals did not reflect the soundness of the criminal administration of justice in Upper Canada. And lastly, he sees in the Types riot "the seed of the
Rebellion" in a deeper sense than those earlier writers who viewed it simply as the start of a highly personal feud between Mackenzie and the Family Compact. Romney emphasizes that Mackenzie's personal harassment, the "outrage", served as a lightning rod of discontent because so many Upper Canadians had faced similar endemic abuses and hence identified their political fortunes with his.
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itself was not fully developed by the time of incorporation. The
Parliament buildings, destroyed in 1813 by war and later by fire, were moved to the west, helping to draw persons to the west. The town became fully developed as far west as York Street, with some built-up areas west to Peter. North of Lot Street, Spadina Avenue was already laid out to the north, and the two north–south roadways that would become University Avenue. 150 acres (61 ha) of land had been purchased in 1825 to be the campus of King's College, today's
825:, a Mississauga chief and one of the signers of the Toronto Purchase, on the waterfront. The murder of Wabakinine and his wife threatened to derail the peace between the British and the Mississaugas. The Mississaugas, already frustrated by the failed promises of the Toronto Purchase, considered a counterattack, either on the capital itself or on nearby pioneer farms. The York authorities brought McCuen to trial for murder but he was ultimately acquitted due to lack of evidence. An uprising was averted through the efforts of
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their choir and band (the first civilian band in the province) to the Old Court House. David
Willson was the main speaker before the convention and "he addressed the meeting with great force and effect". The convention nominated four Reform candidates, all of whom were ultimately successful in the election. The convention stopped short, however, of establishing a political party. Instead, they formed yet another Political Union.
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772:(Niagara-on-the-Lake) its first capital. The first Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe arrived in 1792 and first visited the Toronto Purchase site in May 1793. Impressed by the site and harbour, he moved the capital to Toronto, on a "temporary" basis, while he worked on plans to build a capital in the vicinity of
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Mackenzie's supporters had, in the meanwhile, reassembled to the west in front of the jail, where they set about passing their own resolutions. Ketchum, Mackenzie, Morrison and others stood in a wagon to address the crowd, when twenty members of the Orange Order grabbed the wagon sending them flying.
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Buoyed by large public displays of support following his re-election in
January 1832, Mackenzie called for a public meeting in York on March 23, in the face of an increasingly well organized opposition, and threats of violence. Both supporters and opponents of Mackenzie gathered in front of the Court
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There was no official police force. Able-bodied male citizens were required to report for night duty as special constables for a fixed number of nights a year under the penalty of fine or imprisonment in a system known as "watch and ward". The first police office was opened in 1826, only open from 11
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The chief business part of the town was King and Front streets, the western limit being Yonge street, and the eastern limit the Don bridge. There were, however, many private residences west of York on Yonge, Front and Lot
Streets, and as far west as the garrison. In comparison, the original town site
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On June 1, 1807, on the south east corner of King and George, a priest named Dr. G. Okill Stuart opened the Home
District School, the first public school in York. The school taught both boys and girls and ran out of a little stone structure beside his home. Dr. Stuart's lectures were "curious, marked
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the explorer, at the foot of today's
Bathurst Street. It would be the temporary capital until 1796, when Simcoe abandoned his plans to make London the capital. The first parliament in the new capital convened in June 1797, after Simcoe had returned to England and Peter Russell was named administrator
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In 1833, several prominent reformers had petitioned the House to have the town incorporated, which would also have made the position of magistrate elective. The Tory-controlled House of
Assembly struggled to find a means of creating a legitimate electoral system that might, nonetheless, minimize the
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All land south of Lot Street was reserved for expansion of the Town or Fort by the government as 'the Commons'. North of Lot Street was the "Liberties", the eventual rural Township of York. It was divided into large 'park lots' where the city's moneyed elite built their estates, such as 'the Grange'
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was built to connect York to towns to the west. In the 1820s, the town experienced a surge of immigrants, expanding from 1,000 residents to over 9,000 by the time the town was incorporated as the City of Toronto in 1834. During its existence, the town did not have its own government; it was governed
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by American troops during the War of 1812. As the British garrison retreated, they detonated their powder magazine, inflicting numerous casualties on the invading U.S. forces, who proceeded to loot and destroy the town. The victorious Americans chose not to occupy the town and the British eventually
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epidemic in Upper Canada from 1832 to 1834. There were two outbreaks in York, in 1832 and 1834. About 1,000 persons died in the two outbreaks. The disease, poorly understood at the time and caused by contaminated food or water, was acutely infectious. The number of patients overwhelmed the hospital
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north of Toronto to all four Ridings of York (now York Region), and to establish a "General Convention of Delegates" from each riding in which to establish a common political platform. This convention could then become the core of a "permanent convention" or political party - an innovation not yet
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Rougher conditions existed in several area. "Macaulaytown", (named after the Queen's Ranger who had been given the park lot) basically a shanty town, and the site of many poor immigrants, was north of Lot and west of Yonge. Squatters lived a meager existence along the Don River and the lakefront.
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a year later. After the war was over, the town continued to grow, expanding to the west, leaving the original town site, a less desirable location, somewhat undeveloped. A new parliament building was erected, near the original location, but this burned down and a new building was built in the new
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York's population was primarily from the British Isles (from Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland) with a few other European settlers (French, German and Dutch). York being a garrison town meant there were one or more regiments of Imperial troops stationed there. The officers were considered an
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The convention was held in the old Court House on February 27, 1834, with delegates from all four of the York ridings. The week before, Mackenzie published Willson's call for a "standing convention" (political party). The day of the convention, the Children of Peace led a "Grand Procession" with
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There are three implications of the Types riot according to historian Paul Romney. First, he argues the riot illustrates how the elite's self-justifications regularly skirted the rule of law they held out as their Loyalist mission. Second, he demonstrated that the significant damages Mackenzie
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epidemic. Pearson recalls the muddy and filthy lane as being the site of a few shanties inhabited by widows, who kept cows. The cows would be led to the garrison common each day to graze. Two stables were also nearby, making the neighbourhood "odiferous" in his opinion. The area around Henrietta
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The Town of York did not fill the small original blocks, instead development spread to the west; the area west to Peter Street had been annexed in 1797 on the order of the province. The town grid was extended west and plots of land near New (Jarvis) and Church streets were set aside for public
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the Solicitor General, in particular. Mackenzie's articles worked, and they lost control. In revenge they sacked Mackenzie's press, throwing the type into the lake. The 'juvenile advocates' were the students of the Attorney General and the Solicitor General, and the act was performed in broad
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As the town grew, fire prevention became more important. Starting in 1820, homes were required to have two leather buckets on the front of their houses. If a fire alarm was raised, a line of citizens from the bay to the burning building passed the buckets. In 1826, the first fire company was
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as it was with by unexpected elevations, and depressions of the voice and long closings of the eyes". In that same year, the first brick house in York was constructed, the home and store of Quetton St. George at King and Frederick. St. George imported the bricks from New York state.
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and 'Moss park.' With time, some of these estate lots were subdivided, like the Macaulay family estate between Yonge St and Osgoode Hall (now Toronto City Hall), which became a working-class neighbourhood known as Macaulaytown. The original townsite area is today known as the "
630:, led to widespread use of the name. The word "toronto", meaning "plenty" appears in a French lexicon of the Huron language in 1632, and it appeared on French maps referring to various locations, including Georgian Bay, Lake Simcoe, and several rivers. In Mohawk, the word
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Simcoe and his family took residence in July 1793. They found the location to be an isolated wilderness, with dense forest right to the shore. A few families of Mississaugas were the only residents and "immense coveys of fowl." They lived in a tent that once belonged to
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lay on the eastern boundary, the Don River and its wetland further to the east. Two main roads were laid out: Lot Street (today's Queen Street) and Yonge Street, which was built as far north as the Holland River. In 1797, a garrison was built east of modern-day
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The great meeting took place yesterday, and has resulted in the most signal and unequivocal defeat of the Yankee Republican party. The British constitutionalists carried every thing before them, and Mackenzie and his abettors are put down now and for
884:. The American forces carried out several acts of arson and looting in the town before withdrawing. Although the Americans won a clear victory, it did not have decisive strategic results as York was a less important objective in military terms than
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In 1826, in the "Types Riot", the printing press of William Lyon Mackenzie was destroyed by the young lawyers of the Juvenile Advocate's Society with the complicity of the Attorney General, the Solicitor General and the magistrates of Toronto.
742:, thereby securing more than a 250,000 acres (1,000 km) of land. The purchase was disputed in 1788, and a further agreement was made in 1805, but a final settlement of the purchase would only come 200 years later in 2010, for a total of
1080:, made up the elite of the Compact. These men sought to solidify their personal positions into family dynasties and acquire all the marks of gentility. They used their government positions to extend their business and speculative interests.
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The townsite was first surveyed in 1788, but Simcoe developed a new town plan. The Town of York was laid out in ten original blocks between today's Adelaide and Front streets (the latter following the shoreline) with the first church
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buildings. St. Lawrence Market, St. James' Cathedral and the Courthouse and Jail on King would be built on the public reserves. The Town was also extended in the east along King Street (then a part of Kingston Road) to the
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Reform activity emerged in the 1830s when those suffering the abuses of the Family Compact began to emulate the organizational forms of the British Reform Movement, and organized Political Unions under the leadership of
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504:'s second son. Simcoe gave up his plan to build a capital at London, and York became the permanent capital of Upper Canada on February 1, 1796. That year Simcoe returned to Britain and was temporarily replaced by
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would eventually be cleared of the slum, its north end on King closed off first, and the area redeveloped around the new Colborne Street. March Street (Lombard today) was also noted as being rough and having a
2332:"The Upper Canada almanac, and provincial calendar, for the year of Our Lord 1831: being the third after bissextile, or leap year, and the second year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth ..."
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Conditions were poor on both sides of Church Street in back lanes. The worst was reputed to be Henrietta Lane, off King, west of Church, south to Market (Wellington today), which in 1832 was a center of a
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Mackenzie returned to Toronto from his London journey in the last week of August 1833, to find his appeals to the British Parliament had been ultimately ineffective. At an emergency meeting of Reformers,
776:. Simcoe renamed the townsite York, rejecting the aboriginal name. The name of York was chosen to please King George, as a compliment to the Duke of York, his son. Simcoe founded York on August 27, 1793.
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seen in Upper Canada. The organization of this convention was a model for the "Constitutional Convention" Mackenzie organized for the Rebellion of 1837, where many of the same delegates were to attend.
2322:"The Upper Canada almanac, and provincial calendar, for the year of Our Lord 1827: being the third after bissextile or leap year, and the eighth year of the reign of His Majesty eorge the Fourth ..."
539:. In 1797, the town site was expanded to the west to allow for public buildings and expansion. One of the new area's public functions, a public market, was started in 1803. It continues today as
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arrived in numbers north of Lake Ontario, as the British offered free land to many. As plans were being made to create the new province of Upper Canada, British North America Governor-General
2327:"The Upper Canada almanac and astronomical calendar for the year of Our Lord 1828: being bissextile or leap year and the ninth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Fourth ..."
1287:. Jarvis had them arrested, and obstructed legislation that would protect their pay. As a result, there was a major landslide in the first city elections. The first mayor of the new
1232:, the reformers' choice, despite a reform majority. The tories then made short order of the meeting, passing a resolution in favour of the colonial administration, and adjourning.
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then moved into the York region, created alliances with the former Iroquoian residents, and established their own settlements; one near the former Seneca village of
603:. By 1701, the Iroquoian villages that had been established along the north shore of Lake Ontario during the sixteenth century had been abandoned. The Algonkian
1663:
See Carl Benn, "Colonial Transformations", In R. F. Williamson, ed., "Toronto: An Illustrated History of its First 12'000 Years" (Toronto: James Lorimer, 2008).
711:, when the French retreated to Montreal. The British arrived the next year with an army to secure the location. The British claimed all of New France after the
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Romney, Paul (1987). "From the Types Riot to the Rebellion: Elite Ideology, Anti-legal Sentiment, Political Violence, and the Rule of Law in Upper Canada".
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2342:"Landmarks of Toronto; a collection of historical sketches of the old town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1904" Vol. 4 Churches
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Upper Canada did not have a hereditary nobility. In its place, senior members of Upper Canada bureaucracy, the Executive Council of Upper Canada and
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2352:"Landmarks of Toronto; a collection of historical sketches of the old town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1914" Vol. 6
2347:"Landmarks of Toronto; a collection of historical sketches of the old town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1908" Vol. 5
2337:"Landmarks of Toronto; a collection of historical sketches of the old town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1898" Vol. 3
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a.m to 2 p.m daily except Sunday, Christmas Day and Good Friday. The number of constables was eleven in 1810, twenty in 1820 and twelve in 1830.
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809:), Town Hall and Wharf (named St Lawrence after the river) on the west and the first parliament buildings, blockhouse and windmill on the east.
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Landmarks of Toronto; a collection of historical sketches of the old town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1893, vol.1
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that eliminated much of the political corruption in the English Parliamentary system. Prominent politicians in reform city politics included
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in April 1813. The battle saw an American force supported by a naval flotilla land on the lake shore to the west, and advanced against York.
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from the 1810s to the 1840s. Several were members of the Executive Council. It was noted for its conservatism and opposition to democracy.
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1989:
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Landmarks of Toronto; a collection of historical sketches of the old town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1894
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The town saw a wave of English immigrants in the later 1820s. In 1826, the population was 1,700, in 1830, 2,860 and in 1834, 9,254.
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did not exist yet). Other than Lake Ontario, other waterways into old town included the Don and several other small creeks, such as
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Toronto of old: collections and recollections illustrative of the early settlement and social life of the capital of Ontario
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in particular - alienated a large part of the city's construction tradesmen in late 1833. Left without pay, they held
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2204:'Union is Strength': W.L. Mackenzie, The Children of Peace and the Emergence of Joint Stock Democracy in Upper Canada
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who was the Chief Justice of Upper Canada for 34 years from 1829. The rest of the members were mostly descendants of
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The population figures for York from 1796 to 1834 include people living in the surrounding areas of the town centre:
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controlling the government. By 1830, this led to an ongoing political conflict, which would later lead to the 1837
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Recollections and records of Toronto of old : with references to Brantford, Kingston and other Canadian towns
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acquisition to society, and, "many of the fair daughters of York formed marriages with these gallant fellows."
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as a "temporary" location for the capital of Upper Canada, while he made plans to build a capital near today's
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landed on the lake shore to the west of the garrison, defeating the British and capturing the fort, town and
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was a small closed group of men who exercised most of the political, economic and judicial power in
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was fought on April 27, 1813. An American force supported by a squadron consisting of a ship-rigged
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by the province of Upper Canada, with a mix of elected officials and an aristocracy known as the
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List of E-STAT Census Tables and number of geographic areas by province Upper Canada / Ontario
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Mackenzie had published a series of satires under the pseudonym of "Patrick Swift, nephew of
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Between 1710 and 1750, French traders established two trading posts on the Humber River,
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tribe (from the Five Nations Iroquois of New York State), who by then had displaced the
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selected the area north of Toronto Bay for a new capital. Dorchester arranged for the
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When Europeans first arrived at the site of York, the vicinity was inhabited by the
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Upper Canada was established with a bicameral legislature. The upper chamber, the
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1829:"Former City of Toronto Records - Toronto Archives - Your City | City of Toronto"
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were still connected to the mainland. It was wooded, with marshes in what is now
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The town of York, 1815-1834: a further collection of documents of early Toronto
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People celebrating the incorporation of York into the City of Toronto in 1834.
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The centre of the Compact was York. Its most important member was the Rev.
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inaugurated and a fire hall was built on Church Street. Soldiers at nearby
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In August 1796, Charles McCuen, a soldier in the Queen's Rangers, murdered
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The shoreline was likely sandy and parts sloping down to Lake Ontario (see
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who was leading the troops when the retreating British blew up the fort's
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991: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The original townsite was a compact ten blocks near the mouth of the
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is labelled as C, whereas the settlement of York was labelled as D.
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2243:. Toronto: Champlain Society. pp. lxviii–lxix. Archived from
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and special sheds had to be built adjacent to house the patients.
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Popular politics and political culture in Upper Canada, 1800-1850
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2100:"Police in York Town (Toronto Ontario) Upper Canada 1793 - 1834"
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1646:(Toronto: James Lorimer, 2008), Ch. 2: 50-52 with reference to
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Upper Canada: The Formative Years, 1784-1841, republished 2013
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2078:"A Brief History of Constables in the English Speaking World"
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2031:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1971:
1969:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1138:, the Member of the Legislative Assembly for the city; Dr
21:
Unincorporated Municipality in Home District, Upper Canada
16:
Unincorporated municipality in Home District, Upper Canada
1644:
Toronto: An Illustrated History of its First 12,000 Years
1265:
523:. Government buildings and a law court were established.
2046:
707:
in 1750. It only lasted until 1759, abandoned after the
2300:
2206:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 137–9.
2012:
1966:
1951:
1847:
1224:
granted the chair of the meeting to Dr. Dunlop, of the
1130:, a bookseller and founder of the Mechanics Institute,
2136:
1784:
1239:
1874:. Vol. 5. University of Toronto/Université Laval
1493:
The Town of York 1793-1815: A Collection of Documents
1099:
settlers such as the Boulton family, builders of the
1678:
1666:
1414:
488:. It was established in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor
47:
View of York from the harbour looking north, in 1803
1746:
1730:. Jarvis Collegiate Institute. 2006. Archived from
1027:in 1834. York was named the seat of government for
829:, a First Nations interpreter, guide and diplomat.
480:was a town and the second capital of the colony of
1804:"Upper Canada Genealogy - Upper Canada Chronology"
1447:
899:, c. 1829. The settlement's courthouse, jail, and
3801:
1051:was responsible for municipal matters for York.
645:). The original shoreline followed what is now
2286:"Chapter 13B: A Pioneer Account of Early York"
1990:"Chapter 13B: A Pioneer Account of early York"
796:cutting trees down during the construction of
3542:
2372:
458:
1698:"The real story of how Toronto got its name"
1490:Firth, Edith (1960). Firth, Edith G. (ed.).
941:also assisted in fire fighting when needed.
768:In 1791, Upper Canada was established, with
3549:
3535:
2379:
2365:
2226:. York, U.C. February 27, 1834. p. 3.
2201:
1994:Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto Revisited
1921:Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto Revisited
1917:"Chapter 13A: A Once Great Mercantile Row"
956:
465:
451:
2306:
2064:
2040:
2025:
1975:
1960:
1945:
1603:. Toronto, ON.: Adam, Stevenson & Co.
1582:
1571:
1445:
1007:Learn how and when to remove this message
567:, was built on the site of the garrison.
498:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
496:. Simcoe renamed the location York after
1790:
1690:
1593:
1269:
1018:
890:
843:
787:
751:
675:
2148:
2052:
1768:. City of Toronto. 2006. Archived from
1684:
1672:
1560:
1522:
903:are visible to the left of King Street.
657:and the then natural mouth of the Don (
3802:
3024:Toronto Catholic District School Board
2186:
2167:
1853:
1758:
1720:
1541:
1313:
1266:Incorporation as City of Toronto, 1834
1202:
818:, on the east bank of Garrison Creek.
618:is derived from indigenous sources. A
3530:
3037:Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir
2360:
2236:
2142:
1865:
1752:
1489:
1468:
1454:. Windsor Publications (Canada) Ltd.
1152:
1146:, publisher of the reform newspaper,
2283:
1987:
1914:
1134:and House of Refuge & Industry;
1106:
1025:Parliament Building for Upper Canada
989:adding citations to reliable sources
960:
555:was made on the American capital of
3825:1793 establishments in Upper Canada
3496:
2682:Ken Lee's stabbing of December 2022
2386:
1240:Grand Convention of Delegates, 1834
1157:
1078:Legislative Council of Upper Canada
1041:Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada
13:
1766:"Natives and newcomers, 1600–1793"
1308:
1164:The Reform Movement (Upper Canada)
1113:The Reform Movement (Upper Canada)
527:was built, connecting York to the
14:
3836:
2315:
1054:
1039:was appointed by, and served the
1037:Executive Council of Upper Canada
920:, at the north end of the roads.
3508:
3495:
3484:
3483:
3095:Université de l'Ontario français
2967:Parks, Forestry & Recreation
2440:
2290:Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto
1872:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1446:Armstrong, Frederick H. (1983).
1417:
965:
626:running through this point, the
434:
230:
72:
65:
41:
3466:Toronto Transportation Services
3084:Toronto Metropolitan University
2277:
2259:
2230:
2210:
2195:
2180:
2161:
2114:
2092:
2070:
1981:
1908:
1886:
1859:
1821:
1796:
976:needs additional citations for
486:old city of Toronto (1834–1998)
484:. It is the predecessor to the
420:Oldest buildings and structures
2614:Second Amalgamation of Toronto
1657:
1636:
1622:"Toronto Life and Times, 1834"
1614:
1523:Hounsom, Eric Wilfrid (1970).
722:, the region saw an influx of
535:was built to the mouth of the
1:
3019:Toronto District School Board
2856:Toronto Region Board of Trade
2596:First Amalgamation of Toronto
2534:Battle of Montgomery's Tavern
1450:Toronto: The Place of Meeting
1439:
1294:
756:A map detailing the plan for
685:
597:
551:returned without conflict. A
322:Battle of Montgomery's Tavern
3393:infrastructure, and services
2994:Works and Emergency Services
2619:2003 Etobicoke gas explosion
2504:Toronto Carrying-Place Trail
1808:www.uppercanadagenealogy.com
1561:Pearson, William H. (1914).
1291:was William Lyon Mackenzie.
1220:House at noon, when Sheriff
628:Toronto Carrying-Place Trail
519:was built at the channel to
342:Second Great Fire of Toronto
73:
7:
3100:University of Guelph-Humber
2202:Schrauwers, Albert (2009).
1642:See R. F. Williamson, ed.,
1583:Robertson, J. Ross (1896).
1572:Robertson, J. Ross (1894).
1410:
622:route from Lake Ontario to
531:to the north. To the east,
425:Timeline of Toronto history
332:First Great Fire of Toronto
195: • Governing Body
35:Unincorporated Municipality
10:
3841:
3314:Toronto Transit Commission
2624:Northeast blackout of 2003
1527:. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
1475:. McClelland and Stewart.
1161:
1110:
1089:Sir John Beverley Robinson
1058:
720:American Revolutionary War
583:
3756:
3710:
3584:
3572:
3478:
3390:
3304:
3295:
3155:
3136:Toronto Reference Library
3118:
3046:
3030:Conseil scolaire Viamonde
3011:
3002:
2933:
2869:
2821:
2694:
2677:2020–22 COVID-19 pandemic
2604:
2489:
2449:
2438:
2394:
1567:. Toronto, ON: W. Briggs.
1469:Craig, Gerald M. (1963).
1396:
1326:—
1228:, rather than Reform MPP
901:St. James Anglican Church
738:with the Mississaugas of
684:, a French trading post,
405:History of Neighbourhoods
194:
189:
178:
170:
162:
152:
142:
132:
97:
60:
52:
40:
33:
26:
3820:Former cities in Ontario
2124:. Toronto Public Library
1866:Firth, Edith G. (2003).
1702:Natural Resources Canada
1624:. Toronto Public Library
1546:. Douglas and McIntyre.
1124:Great Reform Act of 1832
86:Location in present-day
3170:Asian events in Toronto
2719:Great Lakes megalopolis
2653:2015 Pan American Games
2634:2010 G20 Toronto summit
2544:Orange Order ascendency
2471:National Historic Sites
2271:March 17, 2008, at the
1222:William Botsford Jarvis
1093:United Empire Loyalists
1043:. The lower chamber or
1023:Depiction of the third
957:Government and politics
794:Queen's Rangers of York
760:from 1793. On the map,
728:United Empire Loyalists
3203:Let's All Hate Toronto
3192:Fiction set in Toronto
3126:Toronto Public Library
2984:Solid Waste Management
2861:Toronto Stock Exchange
2657:Parapan American Games
2648:Rob Ford video scandal
2643:Danzig Street shooting
2629:2008 propane explosion
2564:Centennial of the City
2187:Wilton, Carol (2000).
1894:"Places: Lake Ontario"
1542:Levine, Allan (2014).
1285:Toronto's first strike
1275:
1217:
1198:Mackenzie' own account
1120:William Lyon Mackenzie
1095:or recent upper-class
1032:
904:
853:
801:
765:
692:
578:Upper Canada Rebellion
400:Etymology of 'Toronto'
3558:Former municipalities
3391:Other transportation,
3382:Durham Region Transit
3346:Union Pearson Express
3306:Public transportation
3216:Films shot in Toronto
3105:University of Toronto
2952:Toronto Public Health
2586:Cancelled expressways
2481:Former municipalities
2237:Firth, Edith (1966).
1734:on September 13, 2012
1506:10.3138/9781442617940
1273:
1214:Patriot 3 April 1832.
1206:
1185:daylight in front of
1140:Thomas David Morrison
1049:Home District Council
1022:
918:University of Toronto
894:
847:
791:
755:
679:
611:on the Humber River.
279:Toronto (Amalgamated)
117:43.65250°N 79.38167°W
3197:Films set in Toronto
3143:Toronto Tool Library
3064:George Brown College
2925:Municipal government
2704:Greater Toronto Area
2554:1918 anti-Greek riot
2432:Notable Torontonians
2247:on February 19, 2013
2000:on February 25, 2016
1927:on February 25, 2016
1589:. J. Ross Robertson.
1544:Toronto: A Biography
1178:Bank of Upper Canada
1045:Legislative Assembly
985:improve this article
713:1763 Treaty of Paris
709:fall of Fort Niagara
643:Geography of Toronto
560:lands to the west.
269:Metropolitan Toronto
179:Incorporated as the
3370:York Region Transit
2880:City of Toronto Act
2672:2020 machete attack
2636:and the associated
2067:, pp. 563–565.
1301:
1203:Election riot, 1832
848:A depiction of the
541:St. Lawrence Market
379:Second Amalgamation
122:43.65250; -79.38167
113: /
3810:History of Toronto
3515:Ontario portal
3275:Labour Day Classic
3090:Tyndale University
3086:(formerly Ryerson)
3054:Centennial College
2972:Recreation Centres
2962:Paramedic Services
2836:Financial District
2808:Scarborough Bluffs
2803:Leslie Street Spit
2667:2018 mass shooting
2559:Christie Pits riot
2549:Great Fire of 1904
2539:Great Fire of 1849
2156:The Family Compact
2102:. Russianbooks.org
2080:. Russianbooks.org
1300:York, Upper Canada
1299:
1276:
1182:Henry John Boulton
1153:Political conflict
1148:The Correspondent.
1132:Bank of the People
1033:
948:There was a major
931:red-light district
905:
854:
802:
782:Captain James Cook
766:
705:Exhibition grounds
693:
563:A permanent fort,
490:John Graves Simcoe
441:Ontario portal
369:First Amalgamation
28:York, Upper Canada
3797:
3796:
3524:
3523:
3474:
3473:
3427:Parking Authority
3238:Places of worship
3151:
3150:
3012:Primary/secondary
2714:Ontario Peninsula
2690:
2689:
2145:, pp. 18–19.
2055:, pp. 44–45.
2043:, pp. 31–32.
1948:, pp. 17–18.
1856:, pp. 23–24.
1553:978-1-77100-022-2
1515:978-1-4426-1794-0
1498:Champlain Society
1482:978-0-19-900904-6
1401:
1400:
1281:William B. Jarvis
1251:Children of Peace
1107:Reform opposition
1017:
1016:
1009:
807:St James Anglican
792:Depiction of the
785:of Upper Canada.
475:
474:
387:
386:
360:
287:
286:
204:
203:
3832:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3353:Brampton Transit
3302:
3301:
3131:List of branches
3009:
3008:
2709:Golden Horseshoe
2591:Board of Control
2514:Toronto Purchase
2487:
2486:
2459:Oldest buildings
2444:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2296:on July 6, 2015.
2292:. Archived from
2284:Peppiatt, Liam.
2281:
2275:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2218:"The Convention"
2214:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2140:
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2131:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:. Archived from
1988:Peppiatt, Liam.
1985:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1923:. Archived from
1915:Peppiatt, Liam.
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1868:"RUSSELL, PETER"
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1835:on March 7, 2017
1831:. Archived from
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:on March 6, 2007
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:on July 26, 2014
1704:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
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1590:
1579:
1568:
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1538:
1519:
1486:
1465:
1453:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1315:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1249:, leader of the
1215:
1158:Types riot, 1826
1012:
1005:
1001:
998:
992:
969:
961:
748:
736:Toronto Purchase
690:
687:
602:
599:
590:Iroquoian Seneca
557:Washington, D.C.
467:
460:
453:
439:
438:
437:
354:
302:Toronto Purchase
298:
297:
245:
244:
234:
224:
206:
205:
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
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106:
88:Southern Ontario
76:
75:
69:
45:
24:
23:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3752:
3706:
3580:
3568:
3555:
3525:
3520:
3509:
3507:
3470:
3392:
3386:
3291:
3211:Hollywood North
3147:
3114:
3110:York University
3074:OCAD University
3042:
2998:
2935:Public services
2929:
2865:
2817:
2813:Villiers Island
2751:Toronto Islands
2686:
2662:2018 van attack
2606:
2600:
2574:Hurricane Hazel
2491:
2485:
2445:
2436:
2402:General outline
2390:
2388:City of Toronto
2385:
2318:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2282:
2278:
2273:Wayback Machine
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2200:
2196:
2185:
2181:
2170:Ontario History
2166:
2162:
2158:, Toronto 1915.
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1896:. First History
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1755:, pp. 5–6.
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1726:
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1721:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1691:
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1671:
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1662:
1658:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1595:Scadding, Henry
1554:
1535:
1525:Toronto in 1810
1516:
1483:
1462:
1442:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1297:
1289:City of Toronto
1268:
1242:
1216:
1213:
1205:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1144:William O'Grady
1115:
1109:
1063:
1057:
1013:
1002:
996:
993:
982:
970:
959:
816:Bathurst Street
774:London, Ontario
743:
732:Lord Dorchester
703:on the current
688:
659:Keating Channel
655:Ashbridge's Bay
651:Toronto Islands
600:
586:
553:reprisal attack
546:The settlement
521:Toronto Harbour
494:London, Ontario
471:
435:
433:
410:Historic places
352:Hurricane Hazel
259:City of Toronto
222:
215:
181:City of Toronto
174:August 27, 1793
121:
119:
115:
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107:
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84:
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56:
53:Nickname:
48:
36:
29:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3686:
3678:
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3647:
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3616:Seaton Village
3610:
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3310:
3308:
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3297:Transportation
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3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3270:Amateur sports
3262:
3257:
3255:Shopping malls
3252:
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3250:
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3235:
3230:
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3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:Seneca College
3076:
3071:
3069:Humber College
3066:
3061:
3059:Collège Boréal
3056:
3050:
3048:
3047:Post-secondary
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
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2986:
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2974:
2964:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
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2736:
2731:
2724:Neighbourhoods
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
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2688:
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2316:External links
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2307:Armstrong 1983
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2011:
1980:
1976:Armstrong 1983
1965:
1961:Armstrong 1983
1950:
1946:Robertson 1894
1938:
1907:
1885:
1858:
1846:
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1728:"Fort Rouillé"
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1652:Ganatsekwyagon
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1174:Jonathan Swift
1162:Main article:
1159:
1156:
1154:
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1111:Main article:
1108:
1105:
1067:Family Compact
1061:Family Compact
1059:Main article:
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1055:Family Compact
1053:
1015:
1014:
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858:Battle of York
850:Battle of York
697:Magasin Royale
663:Garrison Creek
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3165:Annual events
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2427:Sister cities
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2309:, p. 16.
2308:
2303:
2295:
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2154:W.S.Wallace,
2151:
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2117:
2101:
2095:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2028:, p. 17.
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1978:, p. 20.
1977:
1972:
1970:
1963:, p. 19.
1962:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1895:
1889:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1793:, p. 21.
1792:
1791:Scadding 1873
1787:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1687:, p. 27.
1686:
1681:
1675:, p. 26.
1674:
1669:
1660:
1653:
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1534:0-7700-0311-7
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1463:
1461:0-89781-077-5
1457:
1452:
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1431:
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1426:
1425:Canada portal
1415:
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1248:
1247:David Willson
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:Jesse Ketchum
1227:
1223:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:William Allan
1183:
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1150:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:Jesse Ketchum
1133:
1129:
1128:James Lesslie
1125:
1121:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:John Strachan
1081:
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1074:
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1068:
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1052:
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1046:
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1038:
1030:
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986:
980:
979:
974:This section
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746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
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721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
683:
680:Depiction of
678:
674:
672:
668:
667:Russell Creek
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
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621:
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570:
569:Dundas Street
566:
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549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
533:Kingston Road
530:
529:Holland River
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
506:Peter Russell
503:
499:
495:
491:
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188:
185:March 6, 1834
184:
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169:
165:
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158:
155:
151:
148:
147:Home District
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
126:
98:Coordinates:
96:
89:
68:
59:
51:
44:
39:
32:
25:
19:
3815:Upper Canada
3693:
3680:
3671:West Toronto
3662:
3658:East Toronto
3649:
3641:
3632:Bedford Park
3628:
3620:
3612:
3599:
3591:
3578:Town of York
3577:
3566:amalgamation
3506:
3494:
3482:
3437:PortsToronto
3422:Island Ferry
3280:Sports teams
3233:Music venues
3201:
3177:Architecture
3035:
3028:
2886:City Council
2878:
2798:Native trees
2771:Humber River
2729:Demographics
2523:
2509:Fort Rouillé
2422:Coat of arms
2407:Demographics
2302:
2294:the original
2289:
2279:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2239:
2232:
2223:The Advocate
2221:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2138:
2128:November 18,
2126:. Retrieved
2116:
2106:November 10,
2104:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:November 10,
2082:. Retrieved
2072:
2060:
2053:Pearson 1914
2048:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1993:
1983:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:the original
1920:
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1871:
1861:
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1760:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:the original
1722:
1712:November 13,
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1692:
1685:Hounsom 1970
1680:
1673:Hounsom 1970
1668:
1659:
1643:
1638:
1628:November 18,
1626:. Retrieved
1616:
1599:
1585:
1574:
1563:
1543:
1524:
1492:
1471:
1449:
1406:
1402:
1277:
1260:
1243:
1234:
1218:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1171:
1167:
1147:
1116:
1082:
1075:
1071:Upper Canada
1066:
1064:
1034:
1029:Upper Canada
1003:
997:January 2016
994:
983:Please help
978:verification
975:
947:
943:
935:
922:
914:
906:
878:Zebulon Pike
855:
839:
831:
827:Joseph Brant
820:
811:Taddle Creek
803:
798:Yonge Street
778:
767:
758:York Harbour
726:settlers as
717:
701:Fort Rouillé
694:
689: 1750s
682:Fort Rouillé
671:Taddle Creek
647:Front Street
640:
631:
615:
613:
605:Mississaugas
587:
562:
548:was attacked
545:
525:Yonge Street
510:
482:Upper Canada
477:
476:
249:Town of York
248:
199:Upper Canada
137:Upper Canada
18:
3779:Scarborough
3738:New Toronto
3728:Long Branch
3718:Forest Hill
3564:by year of
3501:WikiProject
3459:North–South
2846:Skyscrapers
2776:Rouge River
2251:January 26,
1900:November 6,
1854:Levine 2014
1776:December 8,
1738:December 8,
1496:. Toronto:
897:King Street
868:and twelve
747:145 million
636:Lake Simcoe
601: 1600
537:Trent River
273:(1954–1998)
263:(1834–1954)
253:(1793–1834)
221:History of
171:Established
157:York County
120: /
3804:Categories
3774:North York
3697:Moore Park
3689:Earlscourt
3684:Dovercourt
3666:Bracondale
3637:Davisville
3415:Bike Share
3341:GO Transit
3324:Streetcars
3248:Synagogues
2831:Bay Street
2756:Waterfront
2143:Craig 1963
1878:October 6,
1753:Craig 1963
1440:References
1295:Population
1196:See also:
823:Wabakinine
740:New Credit
718:After the
624:Lake Huron
502:George III
190:Government
108:79°22′54″W
105:43°39′09″N
55:Muddy York
3769:Etobicoke
3764:East York
3653:Deer Park
3608:Riverdale
3595:Yorkville
3585:1883–1912
3454:East–West
3336:Metrolinx
3223:Landmarks
3119:Libraries
3004:Education
2957:Hospitals
2903:Elections
2898:City Hall
2766:Don River
2761:Waterways
2696:Geography
2519:Fort York
2499:Teiaiagon
2176:(2): 114.
2122:"Cholera"
1648:Teiaiagon
1337:+19900.0%
939:Fort York
910:Don River
870:schooners
762:Fort York
614:The name
609:Teiaiagon
565:Fort York
513:Don River
3676:Wychwood
3645:Rosedale
3624:Parkdale
3603:Brockton
3489:Category
3400:Airports
3243:Churches
2871:Politics
2741:Downtown
2638:protests
2476:Timeline
2395:Features
2269:Archived
1839:March 7,
1813:March 7,
1597:(1873).
1411:See also
1212:—
1031:in 1797.
895:View of
886:Kingston
882:magazine
874:dockyard
862:corvette
835:Old Town
632:tkaronto
517:garrison
212:a series
210:Part of
143:District
3784:Toronto
3743:Swansea
3723:Leaside
3562:Toronto
3449:Contour
3410:Cycling
3405:Bridges
3287:Tourism
3187:Cuisine
3182:Cinemas
3157:Culture
2891:Speaker
2851:Tourism
2823:Economy
2788:Ravines
2746:Harbour
2734:History
2579:effects
2451:History
2004:July 6,
1931:July 6,
1381:+243.8%
1370:+122.2%
1348:+143.3%
1097:British
950:cholera
926:cholera
800:, 1795.
724:British
620:portage
616:Toronto
594:Wyandot
584:History
357:effects
239:History
223:Toronto
3748:Weston
3733:Mimico
3329:Subway
3265:Sports
2979:Police
2948:Health
2918:Deputy
2841:Hotels
2605:Since
2490:Before
1550:
1531:
1512:
1479:
1458:
1392:+68.2%
1359:−50.7%
1180:, and
1101:Grange
770:Newark
515:and a
292:Events
214:on the
153:County
133:Colony
3694:1912:
3681:1910:
3663:1909:
3650:1908:
3642:1905:
3629:1890:
3621:1889:
3613:1888:
3600:1884:
3592:1883:
3444:Roads
3365:MiWay
3319:Buses
3260:Slang
3228:Media
2989:Water
2908:Mayor
2793:Fauna
2783:Parks
2174:LXXIX
1609:Notes
1389:9,250
1378:5,500
1367:1,600
1345:1,460
1209:ever.
392:Other
3789:York
3757:1998
3711:1967
3573:1834
3432:Port
3375:viva
2950:and
2943:Fire
2913:List
2607:1998
2524:York
2492:1998
2464:Lost
2417:Flag
2412:Name
2253:2013
2130:2015
2108:2015
2086:2015
2006:2015
1933:2015
1902:2015
1880:2015
1841:2017
1815:2017
1778:2006
1740:2006
1714:2015
1650:and
1630:2015
1548:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1386:1834
1375:1832
1364:1825
1353:1813
1342:1812
1331:1796
1320:1793
1309:Pop.
1305:Year
1255:Hope
1065:The
866:brig
864:, a
856:The
745:CA$
669:and
478:York
383:1998
373:1967
363:1954
346:1904
336:1849
326:1837
316:1813
306:1787
166:York
163:Town
80:York
3560:of
3358:Züm
1502:doi
1356:720
1334:600
987:by
837:".
3806::
2288:.
2220:.
2172:.
2033:^
2014:^
1992:.
1968:^
1953:^
1919:.
1870:.
1806:.
1700:.
1508:.
1314:±%
1103:.
933:.
749:.
686:c.
673:.
665:,
598:c.
580:.
543:.
508:.
500:,
3550:e
3543:t
3536:v
2655:/
2380:e
2373:t
2366:v
2255:.
2132:.
2110:.
2088:.
2008:.
1935:.
1904:.
1882:.
1843:.
1817:.
1780:.
1742:.
1716:.
1632:.
1578:.
1556:.
1537:.
1518:.
1504::
1485:.
1464:.
1323:3
1010:)
1004:(
999:)
995:(
981:.
805:(
691:.
466:e
459:t
452:v
359:)
355:(
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