Yupʼik cuisine - Knowledge

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of the fish guts in a wooden barrel covered with burlap material. Earthen pits lined with grass were used for this process. Salmon milt and eggs were added to the heads which were then covered with another layer of grass before being covered over with earth. The fermenting process took from one to two weeks depending on temperature of the ground. One salmon production unit prepared four pits of tepa. The pits measured approximately 18 inches deep and 2 feet square and contained approximately 75 salmon heads each. The heads of 1,000 chinook, 726 sockeye, 1,246 chum, and 41 coho salmon were prepared as tepa by Kwethluk households during 1986. One resident told the researchers, "to the Native it's like candy or bubblegum, sweet and sour, in between the two." However, with the introduction of plastic buckets, the danger of

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resources for Manokotak residents were caribou (%64.8 of households). Caribou meat was often made into jerky. The stomach contents such as sedges and other greens, were eaten. Virtually all of the edible parts of the animal was utilized. Caribou have been absent from Nunivak Island for at least 100 years, but many of the procedures for preparing the flesh of this animal also apply to the domestic reindeer. In earlier times, however, caribou livers were placed in the animal's stomach to ferment; this is no longer done. The lining of a reindeer stomach was cut up and eaten with dried fish or by itself. Lungs and kidneys were given to the dogs, but the heart was eaten. Neither caribou meat nor fish were ever pounded as a method of preservation.

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other greens were harvested throughout the year as they ripened, and used with some of those stored for winter use. With the melting of the island's snow pack, local greens and berries not picked during the previous fall's harvest, begin to appear and were added to the local diet. Depending on the time the ice pack began to break up, Cup'ig families would leave their winter villages and move to spring seal camps. Cup'ig men would journey out along the ice to harvest arriving sea mammals (i.e., seals, walrus) while the women would spend much of their time harvesting available plant resources (greens and seaweeds) and shellfish. Early spring plants included:

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the time when tomcod or other fish are running. The first meal of the day is eaten at this time and another about 11:00 a.m., with snacks once or twice in between depending on the work schedule and the availability of food. The evening meal is usually at 4:30 or 5:00 p.m. with additional snacks between the main meals. In winter the entire meal schedule is likely to be moved forward, with the first meal of the day being eaten at 10:00 or 10:30 a.m. The most common food is dried or frozen fish dipped in seal oil. The evening or late afternoon meal, the hot meal of the day, frequently consisted of boiled fish or other boiled food and tea.

4023:. This jerky was eaten without further preparation, or it was boiled. Virtually all of the moose was used. Bones were cracked and the marrow was removed. Fat from the back and rump was cut into small pieces and eaten uncooked along with meals at home and when in the field. Part of the stomach was cleaned and prepared, and the heart, liver, and kidneys were also eaten. The whole head was usually kept so that the muscles, brain, tongue, and nose could be removed and cooked. The feet and hooves were also cooked and eaten. Moose was cooked in variety of ways including boiling, roasting, stewing, frying and in soups. 1954:; lit. «fried thing»; also, pancake; other fried food; fry bread) is fresh fried fish. All parts of the fish except the entrails are used to prepare this dish, although often the heads are removed as well. The fish is filleted, dipped in seasoned flour, or just seasoned with salt, and fried in oil. If households enjoy picking and sucking backbones or only a few fish are available, the backbone will be fried along with the filleted pieces. Heads are sometimes fried for the same reasons. Boiled rice is the favorite side dish with this meal. Middle aged and younger people enjoy this meal for the flavor. The verb 831: 2822: 3483:) locations in sheltered bays and estuaries. "One of the largest spawning concentrations of herring in Alaska occurs in the Togiak district of Bristol Bay in the eastern Bering Sea. Herring and herring spawn-on-kelp have been harvested for subsistence use by residents of this coastal area as long as people can recall. Commercial fishing for herring in the Togiak district began in 1967 and expanded dramatically after 1977... Prior to 1983, subsistence harvests of herring and spawn-on-kelp were not regulated". 803: 9685: 4730: 2980:) dogs. Chum, coho, and pink salmon were the species most frequently processed for dog food. In addition to dried salmon processed for dog food, whole uncut salmon and the heads, entrails, and backbones, not preserved or prepared for dog food, were also used as dog food. Chum salmon harvested during August for use as dog food were usually dried. Between late August and early October, coho salmon harvested for dog food were preserved by burying whole in earthen pits. 3088:. Wild salmon, game meat, and berries harvested by Alaska Natives are world class fare compared to processed, canned, high priced items they find at their local mercantiles. Lonner (1986) compares the generally high carbohydrate foods of local grocery stores with “vital proteins and fats” in subsistence foods. In addition, the hunting and gathering of subsistence foods are favored activities among many rural Alaskans if not spiritually and culturally necessary. 9696: 7143: 178: 4096:) made into jerky was often dried over a couple of weeks time. The internal organs, such as heart, kidneys, and intestines were often distributed to elders. Both black and brown bear meat was considered very tasty and was prepared by drying, boiling, baking, and roasting. The bones were boiled so that all of the meat could easily be removed from them. The marrow was only occasionally used because the bones are very thick and not easily broken. The 7173: 3517: 9736: 3844:

human food include the skin, fat, backstrap, and intestines. Backstrap meat is sometimes dried, and beluga skin is sometimes pickled. Beluga products are prepared a number of ways, such as boiling skin and meat (eaten hot or cold); flouring and frying or barbecuing backstraps; and processing fat into oil for use with dried fish and meat. Ways of preserving and using beluga products show local differences between communities and families.

9716: 7163: 2081: 3112: 2093: 1338:). The hole is dug until the permafrost is exposed. The bottom of the hole is then covered with dry grass, moss, and cardboard. Then several salmon are placed in. The top of the salmon is again covered with grass, moss and or cardboard, then the remaining dug up groung is placed back into the hole, tightly covering the contents. The aged salmon fish are usually dug out during the early winter, and eaten as a delicacy. 9726: 1241: 108: 1441:, etc. in the bay's area also eat spawn-on-kelp. In the Togiak district, harvests of spawn-on-kelp took place between late April and early June. "Spawn-on-kelp for subsistence use is generally picked by hand, though rakes are occasionally used". "Today, freezing and salting are the most common methods of preservation. In the past, spawn-on-kelp was preserved by drying and storage in open-weave grass baskets" ( 9706: 7153: 9673: 5008: 4987:

months. Traditional plants would continue to be harvested as they ripened and. were eaten fresh or placed in underground caches for temporary storage. By late summer/early fall, several berry species (e.g., Rubus chamaemorus, R. arcticus, Empetrum nigrum) and local greens (c.g., Rumex arcticus) were ready to be harvested and women and children would spend most days on the tundra gathering plant resources.

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raw, but were usually boiled. Unlike Eskimos of the adjacent mainland, the Nunivaarmiut did not boil eggs hard and pack them in pokes for use during the winter. Instead, if there were more eggs than could be consumed at the time of collecting, they were hard-boiled and, still in their shells, placed in wooden dishes of seal oil to be kept for a short while.

558:, 50,000 to 15,000 years ago. The remoteness of the Inupiat and Yupik cultures accounts for their rich and intact food history. The Yupik-Inupiaq split probably occurred about one thousand years ago. The Arctic cuisine is composed of a high-protein diet without grains, supplemented with wild greens, roots, and berries. Fortunately, 4885:

gathered close to the winter village and fish campsites or in the course of local boat travel. Greens are generally harvested by one or two females together during short morning or afternoon excursions for use by their household group. Formal organized gathering activities take place for the purpose of harvesting berries.

3014:, or gathering food to live on (not to resell), and is practiced by almost all the Yup'ik. In the inland, fishing for red salmon and gathering berries in the summer as well as hunting caribou or moose in the fall and winter constitute the primary seasonal subsistence activities of the inland Yup'ik villages. 4994:

Before placing the "wild spinach" or sour dock in the caches, the cooked leaves would be drained of juice and the pit lined with woven grass mats. Berries were stored in much the same way, except that these pits would be lined with rocks. The berries would have no juice when removed, since they would

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Most plants were available in a variety of locales and their harvest did not dictate moving the family to specific camps. Plants that grew in abundance in specific terrain, such as several varieties of cliff greens, usually offered other resources that could be harvested at the same time (e.g., fish,

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On Nunivak, most indigenous plants were traditionally gathered by women and children when the men were harvesting other available resources (e.g., caribou, waterfowl, seal). While fresh spring greens provided a welcome addition to the diet, which in winter was based largely on dried and stored foods,

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Indigenous plants were an integral part of the year-round diet of Eskimo people in addition to their incorporation in other facets of their life. Contrary to the popular perception of Eskimo people surviving solely on fish and meat, the Nunivak Cup'ig utilized a large number of local plants for food,

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in Yup'ik and Cup'ik) eat frequently in the course of a 24-hour period. They go to bed at sundown or early evening in the spring and fall, and well before sundown in summer, but arise early, often at 3:00 or 4:00 a.m. and regularly at 5:00 or 5:30. The time of rising depended on the sea tide and

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in Cup'ig) is used for human and dog food. Beluga harvested in spring are used primarily for human food, although some are used for dog food. Beluga harvests in the fall usually are lower than in spring. The late fall beluga hunts were used to produce food for the dogs. Parts of the beluga used for

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All parts of the fish except for the entrails are used to prepare umlikqaq. Fresh fish that have been dead for less than a day make the best umlikqaq because the meat is still firm. If a freshwater fish is caught with a hook, it is best to kill the fish by hitting its head soon after capture so the

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has surfaced and informants stressed the importance of avoiding these types of modern containers since the "oldfashioned" methods allowed oxygen to circulate and prevented the growth of bacteria which causes botulism. Heads stored underground in plastic bags are more likely to develop botulism than

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is head of fish including pectoral fins) of chinook (king), sokeye (red), chum (dog), and occasionally, coho (silver) salmon were prepared by burying them in the ground and allowed them to ferment before eating. The traditional way to prepare tepa was to bury the heads in the ground along with most

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is aged and frozen fish. The whole fish can be either cleaned of their entrails or left intact, then buried under ground in a pit lined with grass and left for about a week depending on the temperature. If the fish are caught in the late fall, they are stored in a wooden or cardboard box until they

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Dried and smoked salmon were usually stored in smokehouses, freezers, or caches belonging to the head of the salmon production unit. Salted fish were kept in buckets or wooden barrels and were stored in the house, entryway, cache, or smokehouse. Frozen salmon were kept in household freezers. Whole

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The flesh of virtually all waterfowl in the environment was eaten, either fresh or dried, usually with oil or a sourdock leaf soup. Even cormorants were considered edible and the meat of these fishy-tasting birds was dried or boiled when freshly killed. The eggs of waterfowl were sometimes sucked

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are used. Over an open fire, a green branch or drift wood is used by inserting the stick in the mouth of the fish, then pushing the stick though the fish along the backbone until the stick emerges at the base of the tail. the stick is then propped up near the open fire to begin roasting. a modern

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After the completion of the hunting season, families would move to summer fish camps. Fish were the most prolific and essential subsistence resource for many Alaskan Natives living in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region and its harvest would occupy the majority of the families' efforts for several

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Chuathbaluk and Sleetmute residents have harvested green plants both historically and presently for food, medicine, and ceremonial purposes. Greens are most commonly harvested and processed by females, although males and children may also participate in harvest activities. Most green plants are

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and edible plants supplemented meals consisting mostly of fish and game. Plants foods also provided a variety of essential vitamins and nutrients to the diet. Berries were preserved by freezing. The most popular use berries was when making akutaq, a whipped mixture of the berries, sugar, and

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in Cup'ig). Prior to European contact, caribou were important not only for their meat but for the skins which were an important item used in clothing. The Russians encouraged the Eskimos to adopt Western-style dress in order to release more furs for trading. The second most commonly received

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beginning in 1940. The Nunivak herd is composed of about 4,000 reindeer. The southern half of Nunivak is a designated Wilderness area, which presents challenges in summertime herding, since use of motorized recreational vehicles is forbidden within the Wilderness area without adequate snow

2374:, akutaq is not an everyday dish. It is a special treat, an honor to receive and a responsibility to give. "Mouse akutak" is made from roots found in mouse holes. Only a portion of the mouse's stored roots is taken, and some people replace the roots with something else the mouse can eat. 1343: 1070:

in Nunivak Cup'ig means "cold water, cold spring water; permafrost, frozen soil") is frozen fish to be eaten in that state. Freezing of chinook and particularly coho salmon was relatively common. Chinook salmon were usually cut up into smaller pieces before being placed into plastic

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area over the last 2,500 years is documented by archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence. Much of the walrus was used for food, including the hide, fat, muscle, tissue, flippers, head (including the brains) and various internal organs such as the heart, liver, kidneys, and

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meat will stay firm for cooking. The main ingredients of umlikqaq are cut-up fish, water, and salt which are boiled for about 29 minutes. This is a preferred food for elders because it easy to make and is not strongly seasoned. First heads are good prepared as umlikqaq. Also,

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were preserved by freezing or drying after being plucked or skinned. Once dried, the birds commonly were eaten without any other preparation. As with many dried foods, seal oil a frequent to dried ptarmigan. Ptarmigan were also cooked by boiling and were often the basis for

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in Cup'ig), known as "winter seal" or "regular seal", is the only seals generally available throughout the region all winter. In terms of meat, ringed seals were generally second in preference to bearded seals. However, ringed seals were the first choice of many hunters for

2900:. Cabin-on-post caches are thought to have appeared in the 1870s. The cabin-on-post form may thus have been introduced by early traders, miners, or missionaries, who would have brought with them memories of the domestic and storage structures constructed in their homelands. 2391:

in burrows. Mousefood are grains gathered by a mouse and buried in shallow tunnels that sprout in the fall or spring rains. The tender green sprouts are often one of the first fresh foods available. Mousefood is eaten much like one would eat a small salad or fresh greens.

1502:) is dried into product resembling golden chips. The dried roe is placed in containers and stored in the cache. It is soaked in water prior to eating but is also eaten dried. All sac-roe from subsistence caught herring was processed in all four Nelson Island communities". 1930:

The meat of fish baked whole is slit in the middle lengthwise on the other side. Fish are placed in a baking dish, seasoned, oiled, and baked. Younger people seem to prefer this over the plainer boiled fish. It is often eaten with boiled rice. It is derived from Russian

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in Cup'ig). The Nunivak Cup'ig practiced few restrictions with reference to food, but the flesh of the red fox was avoided since it was believed to cause a person to sleep during the day and be restless at night. This restriction did not apply to the flesh of the white

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place designed to store food outdoors and prevent animals from accessing it. Elevated cache types include log or plank cache, open racks, platform caches, and tree caches. The high cabin-on-post cache was probably not an indigenous form among either Eskimos or

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shortening or fat. Households also made jam, jellies, and breads from berries. Sourdock leaves were prepared by boiling, like spinach. Labrador tea was boiled to make tea and was consumed much like commercial teas. Green spruce needles were also used for tea.

4019:) was preserved by freezing and drying. Rarely was moose meat preserved by smoking or caning. Hunters who harvested moose at spring camps in the mountains preserved meat by cutting it into strips and hanging it on racks or bushes to dry in the sun, making 3583:

for some important life history events such as pupping, nursing, molting, and resting. This ice seals (ringed, bearded, spotted, and ribbon seals) are all used for subsistence by coastal Alaska Natives for food, oil, materials, clothing, and handicrafts.

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in Cup'ig) is the best-known species of the seals living in the all Eskimo (Yupik and Inuit) regions. For Yup'ik hunters, bearded seals were the seal of choice. Bearded seals were widely considered the best seal for meat. The blubber was rendered into

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in Cup'ig) were cooked by frying and roasting when eaten fresh. Some fishermen who harvested smelt consider these fish as "emergency food," to be kept in the smokehouse or cache and used if supplies of dried salmon ran out or if food shortages

1445:). "As in the past, people today prefer to eat spawn-on-kelp dipped in seal oil. The product of the harvest is commonly shared with relatives and friends in the harvesters' home community during feats celebrating birthdays or holidays". 4014:

in Cup'ig, literally "big caribou"). The most commonly received resources for Manokotak residents were moose (%79.6 of households). Moose were not usually seen in the lower Kuskokwim River drainages until the early 1940s. Moose meat

3985:) herds, including deliberate crossbreeding and mixing in the wild. Reindeer have considerable potential as a domestic animal for meat or velvet antler production, and wild caribou are important to subsistence and sport hunters. The 427:

food harvests (hunting, fishing and berry gathering) supplemented by seasonal subsistence activities. The Yup'ik region is rich with waterfowl, fish, and sea and land mammals. The coastal settlements rely more heavily on sea mammals

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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's mission is similar to that of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in its goals to “protect, conserve, and enhance” fish and wildlife resources—however, for the good of the nation at large.

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The primary subsistence food in the Bristol Bay region and in most of rural Alaska is salmon, followed closely by big game hunting of caribou and moose in the more inland areas, and marine mammal hunting in the coastal areas.

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in Nunivak Cup'ig). Alaska's original muskox were hunted to extinction in the mid-1800s – perhaps by whalers and others. They had originally ranged Alaska's arctic and western coastal tundra. In 1935–1936 the

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in Cup'ig) were cooked by pouring boiling water intermittently into a pot containing the fish and letting them steam for several minutes. They were one of few species of the fish that were usually not dried.

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consider the diet nutritious and balanced with abundant vitamins, minerals, proteins and valuable unsaturated fats derived from a vast array of sea and land mammals, fish, fowl, wild plants and berries.

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exhibited during spawning as well as the males tendency to bite and nip at each other. Salmon snobs of Alaska will often turn up their noses at chum salmons because they are thought to be only fit for

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for their pelts and meats. The meat of all types of furbearers (beaver, mink, otter, muskrat, marten, lynx), except for fox, wolf, and wolverine, was used for human food and was also used as dog food.

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Traditional subsistence foods are mixed with what is commercially available. Today about half the food is supplied by subsistence activities (subsistence foods), the other half is purchased from the

3973:(ӄойаӈа). In Europe, use the terms "caribou" and "reindeer" synonymously, but in Alaska and Canada "reindeer" refers exclusively to semi-domesticated forms. Only in North America are wild 4991:

Sandhill cranes). Greens such as Rumex arcticus (sour dock) could be found throughout the island and all old camp sites are said to contain buried cache pits once used for plant storage.

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has reduced the incidence of mortality in the native population. Still, many market (store-bought) foods are high in fats, carbohydrates, and sodium; and these may lead to increased

2954:, have been tightly interwoven in the Yup'ik way of life, for transportation and companionship. Except for dogs, there were no important domesticated animals in aboriginal times. 4995:

have dried out while being stored underground. In the fall, people would return to their seasonal caches and transport their stored berries and greens to their winter village.

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in Yukon, Unasliq-Pastuliq) specifically means the manufactured, substantial unsalted crackers known as “pilot bread” (or “hardtack”) common in the North but not elsewhere.

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who moved seasonally throughout the year within a reasonably well-defined territory to harvest fish, bird, sea and land mammal, berry and other renewable resources. Yup'ik

1417:, seaweed or other submerged vegetation. Herring spawn-on-kelp is a favored food among the majority of households in various communities in the "Togiak district" around 1932: 3002:

who moved seasonally throughout the year within a reasonably well-defined territory to harvest fish, bird, sea and land mammal, berry and other renewable resources.

3187:) and spend at least a part of their lives in the ocean. Salmon is a staple of the native Alaskan diet and natives have traditionally used all parts of the fish. 2586: 2492: 5938: 5899:

Bert B. Boyer, Gerald V. Mohatt, Rosemarie Plaetke, Johanna Herron, Kimber L. Stanhope, Charles Stephensen, Peter J. Havel, and CANHR Project Team (2007),

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Strips of seal meat hang on a rack to dry at a summer subsistence camp. The dark meat is rich in oil to fuel hard work and keep people warm in the arctic.

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Kwethluk subsistence: Contemporary land use patterns, wild resource harvest and use, and the subsistence economy of a Lower Kuskokwim River area community

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living. The first modern hunting season was in 1975. Today the Nunivak herd numbers around 600 animals, down from a high of around 700 animals in 1968.

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Bjerregaard, Peter; Young, T. Kue; Hegele, Robert A. (2003-02-01). "Low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the Inuit—what is the evidence?".

5827:. Samples collected in 2004 for the Alaska Traditional Diet Project. Prepared by the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. July 19, 2011. 2523:

in Kuskokwim) is the characteristic widespread Native American homemade deep-fried biscuit, sometimes called “Eskimo doughnut” locally, known as “

5885:"Associations of very high intakes of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids with biomarkers of chronic disease risk among Yup'ik Eskimos." 2351:

is a mixture of berries, sugar, seal oil, shortening, flaked fish flesh, snow, etc. Akutaq is most common Eskimo delicacy in Alaska, and only

7179: 3424:) were normally preserved by drying and were usually eaten without any further praparation. Pike were sometimes cooked and eaten while fresh. 5918:

Age-related variation in red blood cell stable isotope ratios (δC and δN) from two Yupik villages in Southwest Alaska : a pilot study

5824: 9770: 9399: 3981:) were introduced into Alaska 100 years ago and have been maintained as semidomestic livestock. They have had contact with wild caribou ( 6034:

M. A. Cronin, L. Renecker, B. J. Pierson, and J. C. Patton (1995), "Genetic variation in domestic reindeer and wild caribou in Alaska".

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levels similar to the rest of the U.S. In a preliminary study initiated by the Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) at the

1198:. Tepas were considered a traditional special Yup'ik delicacy, but really the dish is something favored mostly by older Alaska Natives. 5073:, based on survey principally around the Togiak/Bristol area. Anthropologist Julie Raymond-Yakoubian gives "herring eggs on kelp" as 2636:

Naklegnaqluteng yuullrullinilriit yuurqayuunateng, caayurtusuunateng, kuuvviartusuunateng-llu neqekarrlainarnek tau͡gaam ner’aqluteng.

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The Yup'ik region is rich with waterfowl, fish, and sea and land mammals. The coastal settlements rely more heavily on sea mammals (

5562:. University of Alaska Anchorage, Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER); Kashunamiut School District, Chevak, AK. Also, 2190:

Passing out of bearded seal oil- The stripped long blubber for girls in the family and square cut blubber for men in the household.

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Most of the salmon that was dried and smoked was eaten without any further preparation. Dried salmon sometimes eaten with seal oil.

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Susan W. Fair (1997), "Story, storage, and symbol: functional cache architecture, cache narratives, and roadside attractions". In

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When the fish come, we go fishing: Local Ecological Knowledge of Non-Salmon Fish Used for Subsistence in the Bering Strait Region

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fish stored in grasses. It was soon discovered that the traditional method of preparing the tepas was safer than the modern way.

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is a North American cuisine of the states of Oregon, Washington and Alaska, as well as British Columbia and the southern Yukon.

3390:) were preserved by drying, smoking, and freezing. Sheefish were also eaten fresh; cooking methods included boiling and baking. 1768:) is the process of preparing food for consumption with the use of heat. There are very many methods of cooking. These include 1468:), and "much of the roe-on-kelp is consumed soon after it is harvested, but a portion of the harvest is preserved in seal-skin 1334:(chinook) salmon. The salmon whole (except the guts) aged through the process of burying them into the marshy, muddy lowland ( 9479: 7456: 2768:. Increasing EPA and DHA intakes to amounts well consumed by the general US population may have strong beneficial effects on 3717:

in Cup'ig) was hunted only occasionally. Their meat is rich in blood and not a favored food, but some hunters liked the oil.

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The Subsistence Harvest of Seals and Sea Lions by Alaska Natives in the Norton Sound-Bering Strait Region, Alaska, 1996–97

5200:. Technical Paper No. 152, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Dillingham, Alaska, December 1988. 5144: 5809: 2656:

in Yukon, Unaliq-Pastuliq, Hooper Bay and Chevak, Nelson Island, Upper Kuskokwim, Nushagak River, Lake Iliamna, Egegik,

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The indigenous worldview of Yupiaq culture: its scientific nature and relevance to the practice and teaching of science

5456:. Technical Paper No. 157, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December, 1991. 5038: 3096: 2524: 2085: 1982:) is partially dried (not smoked) fish boiled for eating. The partially dried and boiled fish is only partially cooked. 223: 5917: 5522:, Technical Paper No. 195, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December 1990. 5507:. Technical Paper No. 123, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December 1985. 9199: 5783:, Technical Paper No. 81, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December 1984. 5587: 5767:, Technical Paper No. 212, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, October 1991 5489:

An overview of the harvest and use of freshwater fish by the communities of the Bristol Bay Region, Southwest Alaska

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Yukon, Kuskokwim, Hooper Bay and Chevak, Nelson Island, Canineq, Bristol Bay, Nushagak River, Lake Iliamna, Egegik,

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referred to as "caribou". In Eurasia, "reindeer" are classified as either domesticated or wild. Domestic reindeer (

1958:(to fry; to make pancakes or griddlecakes) is derived from Russian жа́рить (zhárit’) ‘to roast, fry, broil, grill’. 6048: 5996:. Technical Paper No. 242, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, April 1998 5749:. Technical Paper No. 231, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, July 1994 5492:. Technical Paper No. 166, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, July 1996. 1925:

of meat or fish with potatoes, onions, etc.) is fresh fish baked whole or filleted after the entrails are removed.

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of the subfamily Coregoninae in the family Salmonidae, are primary main subsistence food for Yup'ik Eskimos. Both

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Commercial fishing (before 1927): manignaalleryak (Yup'ik) atgiaq (Bristol Bay) atgiiyar (Cup'ig) = Pacific cod (

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in Cup'ig) was not hunted or hunted only occasionally (at the present time). Sea lions are most common near the

7548: 2785: 2174:) is fibrous leftover piece when seal oil has been obtained by heating diced seal blubber in a pan; crackling. 9785: 9374: 9359: 7925: 6538: 2063:) is day-old cooked blackfish. Blackfish that has been boiled and allowed to set in its cooled, jelled broth. 1999:, but are not fully dried and may not be smoked. The half dried fish are boiled and eaten with seal oil. The 6051:, final report, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture. December 1, 2003. 5311: 9379: 9265: 7811: 5960:. Prepared for North Star Group. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage. 2639:"Poor things; they lived their lives without having hot beverages — no tea, no coffee; they just ate fish." 1075:

bags. Smaller species, such as chum, sockeye, coho, and pink salmon were frequently frozen uncut and whole.

3099:(ADF&G) is the State of Alaska's regulatory agency for the management of fish and wildlife resources. 2748:

through a subsistence diet. The cardiovascular risk of this diet is so severe that the addition of a more

2567:-like Eskimo doughnut and basically a mixture of seal oil, flour, and water, baked and fried in seal oil. 2292:(lit. «strangled thing») is muskrat or squirrel that has been hung by the neck to dry after being skinned. 2071:

is fish meatball made of the soft meat and bones of spawned-out fish, cooked by dropping in boiling water.

9573: 9409: 9394: 9331: 9229: 8860: 7103: 7083: 6215: 6127: 3081:), migratory waterfowl, bird eggs, berries, greens, and roots help sustain people throughout the region. 492:), migratory waterfowl, bird eggs, berries, greens, and roots help sustain people throughout the region. 5957: 580:

diets. Yup'ik communities varied widely in what foods were available to them, but everyone used similar

9474: 9384: 9023: 8993: 7781: 7113: 6598: 6568: 6105: 5626: 5563: 1966:(lit. «boiled thing») is boiled fish or other food (also, by extension, any cooked fish or other food). 270: 258: 6023: 5937:, edited by AnneMarie Adams and Sally McMurray, pp. 167–182. Nashville University of Tennessee Press. 2198:- to distribute seal blubber and meat and gifts when someone has caught a seal; to give a “seal party” 9775: 9389: 9349: 9075: 9033: 9028: 9003: 8549: 7446: 7336: 5345:. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1989. Fieldiana, Anthropology, New Series, No. 12. 108 p. 5044: 4329: 3215: 2356: 1331: 1050:

in Cup'ig) is frozen meat (of frozen fish, blackfish, and others as well) to be eaten in that state.

6082: 9709: 9469: 9424: 9339: 9174: 9152: 9137: 9127: 9112: 9080: 9013: 9008: 8988: 7920: 7331: 7326: 7250: 7088: 5531: 3986: 3501:

qusuuq, iqalluaq, cimigliq, cimerliq, cimerliaq, cimirliq, cemerliq, elquarniq, uqtaqngaq, qimaruaq

2591: 2497: 1937: 1123:

in Nunivak Cup'ig) is fermented herring or capelin that have been buried underground for two weeks.

707:

Seven-klaagmi unuakutalartukut, twelve-klaagmi-llu apiatarluta, tua-i-llu six-klaagmi atakutarluta.

150: 50: 5901:"Metabolic syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) Study" 9583: 9287: 9147: 9132: 9122: 8998: 8946: 8900: 7937: 7593: 7573: 7257: 7128: 6459: 6431: 5372:

Nuniwarmiut Piciryarata Tamaryalkuti : Nunivak Island Cup'ig Language Preliminary Dictionary

5034: 4834: 4395: 3528: 4479:

in Cup'ig) can be prepared much like poultry meat: roasted, broiled, grilled, fried, and stewed.

4391:) were harvested primarily for food and were prepared much the same way that hare were prepared. 9780: 9765: 9404: 9255: 9142: 9055: 8686: 7868: 7588: 7436: 7366: 7356: 7309: 7272: 7267: 7205: 7098: 6528: 6340: 5657:, Technical Paper No. 116, Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, pp. i, 31ff 4796: 3299: 2734: 2104: 1449: 1139:) is fish that has been frozen after being allowed to age slightly, eaten uncooked and frozen. 1038:(lit. «baby raw fish») frozen raw whitefish aged (fermented) before freezing and served frozen. 166: 67: 9354: 9344: 9260: 9157: 9045: 8711: 8666: 8382: 8372: 8236: 8102: 8037: 7997: 7791: 7361: 7294: 7156: 7006: 6614: 6558: 6490: 6319: 6061: 4593: 4317: 3721: 2122: 2118: 830: 197: 8459: 7863: 5794: 5763: 5517: 5503: 5488: 5452: 5131: 2621: 2003:

involved a similar process but the fish were kept as fillets rather than sliced into strips.

1321:(Yukon, Hooper Bay and Chevak, Lake Iliamna, and Nunivak) is cheese-like fish aged in a pit. 9542: 9537: 9520: 9439: 9282: 9209: 9090: 9085: 9070: 9018: 8756: 8646: 8320: 8315: 8107: 7583: 7451: 7245: 7036: 7011: 6644: 6543: 6350: 6286: 5884: 4892: 4561: 4411: 4345: 4245: 3363: 3283:

in Cup'ig) is second-largest of the Alaskan salmonids. In Alaska, chum salmon often called

3239: 3070: 2749: 2707: 2126: 1012: 866: 481: 330: 191: 158: 5134:. Alaska Department of Education, Bilingual/Bicultural Education Programs, Juneau, Alaska. 2983:

Beluga (especially late fall hunting) are used for feeding dogs in the Bristol Bay areas.

8: 9739: 8788: 8691: 8681: 8656: 8539: 8499: 8469: 8439: 8434: 8256: 8246: 7841: 7764: 7640: 7508: 7498: 7441: 7304: 7041: 6508: 6159: 6006: 5028: 4612: 4077: 3752: 3522: 2897: 2761: 2741:

is the provision to obtain the essential nutrients necessary to support life and health.

2278: 1461: 577: 555: 314: 9715: 7162: 5114: 9552: 9419: 9299: 8915: 8895: 8890: 8778: 8746: 8721: 8671: 8651: 8599: 8569: 8554: 8544: 8504: 8479: 8412: 8387: 8377: 8357: 8241: 8226: 8216: 8114: 8072: 8047: 8022: 7977: 7932: 7858: 7796: 7771: 7568: 7518: 7488: 7426: 7416: 7411: 6976: 6682: 6451: 6423: 6355: 6291: 4781: 4675: 4380: 3394: 3191: 2829:) was used to store food where it would be safe from animals. Hooper Bay, Alaska, 1929. 2745: 1805: 1438: 1434: 847: 711:"We eat breakfast at seven o'clock, lunch at twelve o'clock and dinner at six o'clock." 374: 134: 76: 5850: 5596: 5504:

The use of fish and wildlife resources by residents of the Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska

5341: 9631: 9505: 9369: 9270: 9234: 9204: 8953: 8885: 8875: 8870: 8823: 8818: 8808: 8771: 8701: 8614: 8534: 8524: 8464: 8444: 8419: 8402: 8295: 8266: 8184: 8179: 8169: 8144: 8092: 8077: 8027: 7962: 7957: 7942: 7826: 7729: 7724: 7692: 7687: 7655: 7635: 7630: 7620: 7615: 7558: 7538: 7513: 7478: 7421: 7299: 7262: 7198: 7172: 7046: 7001: 6895: 5862: 5854: 5583: 4635: 4361: 4235:

in Cup'ig). Mink skin parkas, and also mink pants for small boys, formerly were made.

4200: 3998: 3910: 3460:) were preserved by drying and freezing. Cooking methods included boiling and baking. 3428: 3263: 3078: 3074: 2809: 2282: 2220:

in Bristol Bay) is the traditional Eskimo meal of frozen raw beluga whale skin (dark

2156:(Y, NUN, NS) seal cracklings (strip of seal blubber from which oil has been rendered) 2097: 1905:(lit. «baked thing») is baked fish (also, hard candy or other hard-baked food; bread) 1465: 1430: 1426: 1327: 1223: 774: 593: 585: 489: 485: 382: 142: 7166: 6144: 6093: 5634:, Kawerak, Inc. Social Science Program, Natural Resources Division, pp. 120–121 4556:

Waterfowl were prepared in a variety of ways such as boiling, baking, and in soups.

9699: 9655: 9638: 9568: 9547: 9454: 9414: 9316: 9277: 9250: 9184: 9169: 9060: 8958: 8855: 8840: 8835: 8783: 8766: 8761: 8741: 8731: 8726: 8579: 8559: 8514: 8509: 8494: 8484: 8474: 8454: 8397: 8392: 8362: 8352: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8261: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8124: 8119: 8042: 8017: 8012: 8007: 7982: 7952: 7915: 7900: 7890: 7880: 7836: 7821: 7816: 7801: 7776: 7734: 7702: 7697: 7645: 7610: 7598: 7553: 7543: 7528: 7503: 7493: 7483: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7383: 7343: 7316: 7240: 6996: 6903: 6687: 6619: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6533: 6523: 6469: 6464: 6345: 6335: 6306: 6270: 6195: 5846: 5086: 4815: 4464: 4431: 4272: 3960: 3760: 3339: 3054: 2765: 2757: 2730: 2324: 2221: 1509: 1476: 986: 806:

Native Alaskan husband and wife clean the catch of the day in Alaska in June 1975.

740: 681: 624: 465: 338: 5651:

Subsistence harvest of herring spawn-on-kelp in the Togiak District of Bristol Bay

5166: 3902:

in Cup'ig). Caribou, moose and "bears" are included in the definition of the word

2821: 301:. Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior 9459: 9449: 9429: 9321: 9194: 9164: 8983: 8963: 8910: 8865: 8850: 8845: 8793: 8751: 8716: 8676: 8641: 8604: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8489: 8449: 8429: 8407: 8347: 8332: 8327: 8273: 8231: 8221: 8211: 8206: 8191: 8097: 8067: 7987: 7947: 7885: 7873: 7848: 7806: 7759: 7744: 7712: 7707: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7650: 7625: 7578: 7563: 7523: 7473: 7235: 6739: 6707: 6624: 6553: 6548: 6403: 6370: 6314: 6175: 5681: 5558: 5486:

James A. Fall, Molly Chythlook, Janet C. Schichnes, and Judith M. Morris (1996),

5318: 5149:

Food and the Memory: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2000

4960: 4853: 4762: 4703: 4311: 4239: 4128: 4052: 3967: 3756: 3464: 3180: 3176: 3120: 2999: 2773: 2769: 2738: 2371: 1453: 1410: 982: 926: 616: 581: 542:. Long overlooked and pitifully misunderstood, the cuisine's roots lie buried in 416: 202: 9719: 9219: 5992: 5745: 5649: 5196: 3084:

Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior

2644:

Martha Teeluk-aam Qulirat Avullri Erinairissuutekun Agnes Hootch-aamek (1960s),

9760: 9578: 9515: 9484: 9444: 9214: 9117: 9065: 9050: 8973: 8968: 8905: 8803: 8736: 8706: 8696: 8629: 8574: 8564: 8519: 8424: 8367: 8337: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8174: 8139: 8129: 8082: 8032: 7992: 7972: 7967: 7910: 7895: 7853: 7831: 7754: 7717: 7391: 7351: 7321: 7146: 7108: 6831: 6692: 6441: 6436: 6152: 4908: 4048: 3990: 3542: 3487: 3378: 3030: 2703: 2574: 1797: 1457: 1422: 1179: 1108: 1104: 922: 858: 834:

Nunivak Cup’ig women filleting salmon, Mekoryuk (Mikuryaq), Nunivak. 07-03-1972

802: 756: 601: 538:

in Alaska. The oldest, most stable cuisine in North America is found above the

523: 511: 441: 370: 342: 326: 290: 274: 262: 207: 5990:

Susan Georgette, Michael Coffing, Cheryl Scott, and Charles Utermohle (1998),

2839:

frozen coho salmon, used for dog food, were sometimes stored outside in pits.

2776:

of %3.3, versus %7.7 in the U.S. overall, even though the Yup’ik Eskimos have

2107:

are only seals and beluga whale. Seals were the primary marine mammal hunted.

9754: 9611: 9532: 9464: 9364: 9189: 9179: 9107: 8978: 8880: 8813: 8798: 8634: 8624: 8619: 8529: 8251: 8201: 8196: 8134: 8087: 7905: 7786: 7749: 7739: 7603: 7533: 7466: 7378: 7284: 6821: 6781: 6771: 6717: 6634: 6518: 6398: 6393: 6380: 6296: 6128:

Contributions to the Ethnobotany of the Cup'it Eskimo, Nunivak Island, Alaska

5858: 5781:

Human Ecology of Two Central Kuskokwim Communities: Chuathbaluk and Sleetmute

5689:, Technical Paper No. 144, Bethel, Alaska: Alaska Department of Fish and Game 4733: 4220: 3526:) and naternarpak (Yup'ik ~ Cup'ik) cagiq (Cup'ik) cagir (Cup'ig) = halibut ( 3319: 3116: 2827:

qulvarvik, qulrarvik, neqivik, enekvak, mayurpik, mayurrvik, ellivik, elliwig

1885: 1398: 1148:

are aged, and then frozen. Tepcuaraq kumlaneq are eaten frozen with seal oil.

547: 539: 386: 310: 40: 4899:) was soaked in seal oil or mixed with cranberries to make it taste better. 2255:

The hide and flippers from fresh walrus may be fermented to make taaqassaaq.

767:). In the past, the Yup'ik nourishment consisted of raw meat, including its 9689: 9626: 9434: 8941: 8936: 8830: 8609: 8149: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8002: 6563: 6513: 6408: 6179: 5866: 4976: 4952: 4944: 4932: 4097: 4059: 3823: 3659: 3589: 3164: 3026: 2996: 2892: 2833: 2612: 854: 620: 597: 543: 437: 413: 318: 121: 60: 5879:

Zeina Makhoul, Alan R Kristal, Roman Gulati, Bret Luick, Andrea Bersamin,

5761:

James A. Fall, Molly Chythlook, Janet Schichnes, and Rick Sinnott (1991),

9677: 9309: 9102: 8342: 7176: 6935: 6659: 6649: 6485: 6240: 5746:

The Subsistence Use of Beluga Whale in Bristol Bay by Alaska Native, 1993

5013: 4924: 4888: 4729: 4447: 3803: 3702: 3668: 3624: 3413: 3003: 2842:

Elevated cache or raised log cache, also raised cache or log storehouse (

2753: 2711: 2570: 2472: 1418: 1051: 930: 589: 424: 390: 235: 5825:

Contaminants in subsistence foods from the western Alaska coastal region

1203:

Traditionally, most people continued to make tepa in the summer. Heads (

7031: 7021: 6911: 6887: 6846: 6816: 6801: 6766: 6748: 6654: 6588: 5880: 5022: 4742: 4155: 3184: 2888: 2777: 2555:

form or fried bannock. Iñupiaq style Eskimo doughnut (aka "mukparuks";

2204: 2130: 1897:(in Nunivak Cup'ig) half dried herring (specifically made for cooking). 1777: 862: 573: 405:

or fan-shaped knife is used for cutting up fish, meat, food, and such.

394: 362: 322: 302: 2968:

is homemade dog food (a boiled mixture of fish and meat products) and

2234:(Kotlik) is skin to be chewed to soften it; beluga blubber for eating. 1889:

alternative is to wrap the fish in foil and piece it in the camp fire.

1313:

in Nunivak Cup'ig) is partially (half) dried aged (fermented) herring.

904: 529: 177: 9510: 8931: 7123: 7016: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6874: 6841: 6796: 6786: 6725: 6702: 6697: 6639: 6629: 6593: 6230: 6210: 6049:

Mt. McKinley Meat & Sausage Company, Review & Recommendations

4916: 4721: 4181: 4051:

in an effort to reestablish the species in Alaska and as a means for

4044: 3516: 3448: 3288: 3085: 3058: 2951: 2722: 2387:) consists of the roots of various tundra plants which are cached by 2379: 1922: 1469: 1183: 1005: 993: 946: 934: 814:= to work on fish (cleaning them, preparing them for storage, etc.); 668:) is eaten within an hour or two after a person wakes in the morning. 661: 559: 469: 246: 231: 5705: 3571:. There are four species of seals in Alaska that are referred to as 2744:

Alaska subsistence communities are noted to obtain up to 97% of the

2240:

is aged beluga skin. (also, skin to chew on such as dried fish skin)

903:

in Yup'ik, means literally “real, genuine food”. But, main food for

9601: 7051: 6986: 6981: 6879: 6851: 6776: 6761: 6674: 6385: 6265: 5356:

Wise Words of the Yup'ik People: We Talk to You Because We Love You

5167:

Neqkiuryaraq Neqnek-llu Qemagciyaraq = Food preparation and storage

3939: 3564: 3292: 3042: 3018: 2957: 2552: 2516: 2110: 2080: 1876: 1813: 1769: 1209: 970: 966: 744: 632: 609: 605: 551: 504: 453: 429: 398: 378: 358: 346: 3802:

in Cup'ig). Hunting of walrus and other marine mammals in western

3111: 1260:

is poke fish or poked fish slightly smoked and stored in seal oil.

9606: 9304: 9224: 7221: 7118: 7078: 6968: 6866: 6826: 6806: 6791: 6756: 6360: 6250: 6235: 6205: 6200: 5582:. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. 5578:

Jacobson, Steven A. (2012). "herring egg/~on kelp; herring roe".

4877: 4287: 4135: 3580: 3069:. The inland settlements rely more heavily on Pacific salmon and 3066: 3038: 3034: 3011: 3007: 2781: 2564: 2528: 2352: 2225: 2092: 1828: 1761: 1414: 1084: 843: 760: 628: 500: 480:. The inland settlements rely more heavily on Pacific salmon and 477: 449: 445: 420: 350: 333:) are primary food for Yup'ik Eskimos. Both food and fish called 306: 298: 294: 242: 226:, literally "Yup'iks' foods" or "Yup'iks' fishes") refers to the 5916:

Michael J. Wilkinson, Youlim Yai, and Diane M. O’Brien (2007), "

2793: 2789: 2543:"to fry; to make pancakes or griddlecakes" from Russian жа́рить 1342: 1240: 107: 96: 7026: 6991: 6927: 6919: 6856: 6836: 6811: 6220: 4027: 3815: 3767: 3568: 3422:

cuukvak, cukvak, ciulek, keggsuli, qalru, luqruuyak, eluqruuyak

3050: 3022: 2992: 2973: 2671: 2606: 2311: 2209: 1789: 1781: 1244:

Salmon filets hanging on a rack by a river in Alaska. July 2009

1072: 693: 636: 496: 461: 433: 409: 366: 354: 250: 101: 5683:

Subsistence herring fishing in the Nelson Island District 1986

4092:

in Cup'ig) were harvested for food (meat and fat). Bear meat (

9616: 9038: 5661: 5603: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 4489: 4443:

in Yup'ik and Cup'ik) were used similarly to parka squirrels.

4427:

in Cup'ig) were skinned and hung on meat drying racks to dry.

4020: 3814:, by the native people (Yup'ik-speaking Tuyuryarmiut) of the 3062: 3046: 2454: 2400: 933:, pike, and capelin were gutted and air dried or smoked. The 783: 768: 671: 473: 457: 286: 227: 186: 9672: 5519:

Subsistence salmon fishing in Nushagak Bay, Southwest Alaska

5342:

Nunivak Island Eskimo (Yuit) technology and material culture

5007: 9650: 9621: 9294: 7190: 7056: 6413: 6365: 6225: 6062:"Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), US Fish & Wildlife Service" 5739: 5737: 5735: 5722: 5720: 5643: 5641: 4306: 3128: 2726: 2388: 1995:

is split and half dried fish. these are prepared much like

1832: 1373:

According to the Yup'k dictionary, a single herring egg is

1175: 908: 874: 870: 779: 648: 282: 278: 238: 126: 112: 5482: 5171: 9643: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 5757: 5755: 5573: 5571: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 4341:

in Yup'ik and Cup'ik). Iñupiaq people do not eat lemmings

2909: 2804: 2649: 1475:

The practice of collection of herring roe on kelp in the

1402: 1397:. Also called herring "spawn on kelp", this is a mass of 657:) eaten at any given time varies by custom and location. 615:

Prehistoric Yup'ik Eskimos probably relied upon a mix of

402: 6106:

A Guide to the Ethnobotany of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Region

5732: 5717: 5693: 5638: 5620: 5618: 5368: 5366: 5364: 1491:

in Nunivak Cup'ig; lit. «small roe») is herring sac roe.

503:(muktuk) some of the most well-known traditional Yup'ik 5952: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5764:

Walrus Hunting at Togiak, Bristol Bay, Southwest Alaska

5534:, Delena Norris-Tull, and Roger A. Norris-Tull (1998), 5132:

Central Yup'ik and the schools; a handbook for teachers

2117:) was used by most households. Seal oil is a source of 6111: 5836: 5752: 5568: 5525: 5459: 6174: 5615: 5559:

The Cup'ik People of the Western Tundra: A Curriculum

5552: 5550: 5548: 5361: 1222:"after eating aged fish heads, I wiped my hands with 735: 5943: 5597:

Alaska Native Language Center Publications (catalog)

5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5003: 2551:

is a deep-fried biscuit, a little like fry bread in

941:(cut and dried fish heads), and some they made into 5958:

Socioeconomic Review of Alaska's Bristol Bay Region

5820: 5818: 5810:

How to Talk American: A Guide to Our Native Tongues

5786: 5775: 5773: 5673: 5648:Wright, John M.; Chythlook, Molly B. (March 1985), 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5080: 5074: 5068: 3810:literally "place to go in a kayak") as part of the 3159:in Cup'ig) is one of the most common Yup'ik foods. 1497: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1363: 1357: 1351: 1219:

tepturraarlua unatenka qanganaruanek perrillruanka.

5680:Pete, Mary C.; Kreher, Ronald E. (December 1986), 5545: 1508:Number of salmon processed for subsistence use by 1268:is poke fish slightly aged and stored in seal oil. 5986: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5711: 5624: 3403:culugpauk, culugpaugaq, nakrullugpak, nakrutvalek 66:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate 9752: 5815: 5770: 5375: 3563:in Cup'ig) are only fin-footed species, such as 2513:(Cup'ig) is pancake; fried bread; roasted thing 2370:Akutaq is served on all special occasions. Like 2367:in Alaska. There are different types of akutaq. 1991:) which was cooked after being partially dried. 1867:(Hooper Bay and Chevak) is cooked blackfish fry. 911:of whale and caribou (both food and meat called 5667: 5647: 5609: 5495: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5067:, p. 31 glosses "herring span-on-kelp" as 5064: 3409:in Cup'ig) were usually cooked fresh and dried. 3359:in Cup'ig) were usually cooked fresh and dried. 3335:in Cup'ik) were usually cooked fresh and dried. 1385:, herring eggs (plural)/herring roe are called 865:or in some places, non-salmon species, such as 716:Yuut Qanemciit (Tennant and Bitar eds. 1995 ), 5975: 5798:. Fairbanks : University of Alaska Press. 5743:Molly Chythlook & Philippe Coiley (1994), 5510: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5085:in a tabulated lexicon from a different area, 4389:issaluuq, issaluq, cukilek, ilaanquciq, nuuniq 2451:is hard candy or other hard-baked food; bread 2355:in Eskimo cuisine. Both Eskimo ice cream and 7206: 6160: 6098: 5795:Yup’ik Dancing Is Like Akutaq: A Rich Mixture 5354:Ann Fienup-Riordan and Alice Rearden (2005). 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5197:Use of fish and wildlife in Manokotak, Alaska 5119:Gastronomica: the journal of food and culture 2419:bread in Yukon, Unaliq-Pastuliq from Iñupiaq 1292:in Cup'ig) is smoked fish soaked in seal oil. 722: 705: 685: 675: 652: 567: 527: 5324: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5194:Janet Schichnes and Molly Chythlook (1988), 5041:such as Native Americans and Alaska Natives. 3869:in Yup'ik) are game animals and furbearers. 3458:manignaq, aninirpak, tengugpalek, kanayurnaq 1859:(Hooper Bay and Chevak) is cooked blackfish. 1099:is hard frozen fish (blackfish or the like). 1018:) is meat or fish to be eaten raw and frozen 797: 6024:Reindeer … Caribou … What’s the Difference? 6022:University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) : 5935:Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture VII 5922:International Journal of Circumpolar Health 5154: 1479:area community has also been field-studied. 642: 7213: 7199: 6167: 6153: 6013:2005-5-23. Retrieved on November 15, 2014. 5969:Alaska Department of Fish and Game : 5888:The american journal of Clinical Nutrition 5726: 5699: 5679: 4736:on a Nunivak Island sea cliff, August 2008 2772:risk. Yup’ik Eskimos have a prevalence of 861:of the subfamily Salmoninae in the family 5203: 3989:(BIA) managed reindeer operations on the 2277:Dry moose meat was a favorite food among 566:Yup’ik cuisine is different from Alaskan 277:. This cuisine is traditionally based on 249:people from the western and southwestern 6047:Marian Romano and Melanie Trost (2003), 5577: 5115:Arctic foodways and contemporary cuisine 4828:tengaurta, tengauqsarar(ar), qarliar(ar) 4728: 3515: 3110: 2820: 2803: 2788:, elders were significantly enriched in 2091: 2079: 2035:in Nunivak Cup'ig) is fresh boiled fish. 1341: 1239: 1107:is a traditional preparation of fish as 1054:is a method for preserving fish or meat. 837: 829: 801: 305:. Yup’ik diet is different from Alaskan 176: 106: 95: 6094:Honoring Alaska's Indigenous Literature 5999: 5540:Journal of Research in Science Teaching 2660:Lower Kuskokwim, Canineq, Bristol Bay, 2626:kulích) Russian Orthodox Easter bread. 2427:in Yukon, Unaliq-Pastuliq from Iñupiaq 499:(Eskimo ice cream), tepa (stinkheads), 297:, and normally contains high levels of 9753: 5145:Memories of a vanishing Eskimo cuisine 4100:was considered to be too rich and was 3374:) were usually cooked fresh and dried. 3175:in Yup'ik, literally "real fish") are 1391:, while herring egg on kelp is called 550:ancestors ventured to Siberia, across 9400:Historical North Indian and Pakistani 7194: 6148: 5312:Yup'ik Eskimo Dictionary, 2nd edition 4903:medicinal, and utilitarian purposes. 4553:Eggs of some species were collected. 3473:iqalluarpak, iqallugpak, neqalluarpak 1196:stinkheads, stink heads, stinky heads 771:, and sometimes the meat was cooked. 9705: 7152: 5079:and "dried herring eggs imlaat" as 5051: 3309:amaqaayak, amaqsuq, luqaanak, terteq 3273:iqalluk, aluyak, kangitneq, mac'utaq 2796:, relative to younger participants. 2011:(Egegik) is half-dried, boiled fish. 514:(market foods, store-bought foods). 18: 16:Culinary traditions of Yup'ik people 9725: 7094:Fruits & Veggies – More Matters 6104:Jernigan, Kevin (Editor in Chief), 6054: 6005:Alaska Department of Fish and Game 5037:includes all food practices of the 3812:Walrus Islands State Game Sanctuary 3664:Phoca largha, Phoca vitulina largha 2976:. Salmon is the best food to feed ( 2962:qimugcin, qimugcitkaq, qimugcessuun 2216:in Yukon, Unaliq-Pastuliq, Chevak, 1879:(barbecued) over an open fire fish. 1368:is herring egg, or "spawn" on kelp. 1178:, smell, aroma, scent») is aged or 13: 9771:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas 6083:Nunivak musk ox with bow and arrow 5039:indigenous peoples of the Americas 4415:or parky squirrel, parka squirrel 3097:Alaska Department of Fish and Game 2224:) with attached subcutaneous fat ( 2088:in northwestern Alaska, June 2008. 2086:Cape Krusenstern National Monument 2075: 1156:is fermented a little frozen fish. 1066:in Hooper Bay-Chevak Cup'ik; but, 890:in Yup'ik. Also for salmon called 810:= he and she are working on fish; 736:Food preservation and preparations 56:for transliterated languages, and 36:of its non-English content, using 14: 9797: 6140: 5625:Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie (2013), 3806:, including Round Island (Yup'ik 2664:Nunivak Cup'ig; from Russian чай 2305: 1884:All parts of the fish except the 915:in Iñupiaq, also for meat called 794:in Cup'ig) is primary main food. 9734: 9724: 9714: 9704: 9695: 9694: 9683: 9671: 7171: 7161: 7151: 7142: 7141: 5321:. Alaska Native Language Center. 5006: 4349:or Nunivak Island brown lemming 2296: 2273:) is dried meat (caribou, moose) 2133:is usually eaten with seal oil. 517: 23: 9735: 6087: 6075: 6041: 6028: 6016: 5963: 5927: 5910: 5893: 5873: 5830: 5801: 5358:. University of Nebraska Press. 5058: 4679:or tundra swan, whistling swan 3848: 3833:cetuaq, assigarnaq, qecip'atuli 2986: 2964:) refers to food for the dogs. 2816: 2698:is real coffee (in contrast to 2527:” in Canada. Both frybread and 2045:is fish steak cut transversely. 1827:(lit. «cooked thing») is fresh 183:Innoko National Wildlife Refuge 9390:Historical Indian subcontinent 5883:, and Gerald V Mohatt (2010), 5348: 5137: 5124: 5107: 4681:Cygnus columbianus columbianus 3755:Siberian Yupik communities of 3536: 2786:University of Alaska Fairbanks 2686:in Cup'ig; from Russian ко́фе 826:sg = offal from cleaning fish. 554:, and on to Alaska during the 72:multilingual support templates 1: 6038:26 (6): 427–34, December 1995 5851:10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00364-7 5668:Wright & Chythlook (1985) 5610:Wright & Chythlook (1985) 5096: 5065:Wright & Chythlook (1985) 4577:in northern Yup'ik dialects, 4351:Lemmus trimucronatus harroldi 4333:or Northern collared lemming 3225:taryaqvak, tarsarpak, kiagtaq 3115:Fresh-caught smelt (probably 1843:is cooked fish or other food. 1505: 1487:(in Yup'ik of Nelson Island, 1346:Herring spawn-on-kelp, Alaska 949:(roe) were dried and stored. 181:Alaska wild berries from the 111:Alaskan economical salmonoid 7220: 5310:Jacobson, Steven A. (2012). 5143:Zona Spray Starks (2000?), " 4321:(northern red-backed vole) ( 3479:in Cup'ig) prefer spawning ( 3249:qakiiyaq, uqurliq, caayuryaq 2733:, and their ingestion to be 2717: 2561:uqsrukuaqtaq ~ uqsripkauqtaq 2539:(Unaliq-Pastuliq). The verb 2465:in Cup'ig from Russian мукá 2443:in Lower Yukon from English 2411:in Cup'ig from Russian хлеб 1802:puyurte-, aruvarqi-, aruvir- 1143:is aged spawned out salmon. 929:, smelt, halibut, flounder, 751:"to eat raw flesh or meat", 273:dialect speaking Eskimos of 261:dialect speaking Eskimos of 7: 9574:List of historical cuisines 9410:History of alcoholic drinks 7427:Lowcountry (South Carolina) 7104:Latin American Diet Pyramid 7084:Dairy Council of California 6539:Gluten-free and casein-free 5450:Michael W. Coffing (1991), 5147:". In Harlan Walker (ed.), 5113:Zona Spray Starks (2007), " 4998: 4665:aarraangiiraq, aarrangyaraq 3773:Odobenus rosmarus divergens 2903: 2150:tangevkayak ~ tangevkayagaq 952: 534:cuisines are also known as 345:and cooking, also uncooked 10: 9802: 8861:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 7114:Mediterranean Diet Pyramid 6569:Low-fiber/low-residue diet 5339:James W. VanStone (1989), 5165:Yuungnaqpiallerput : 3979:Rangifer tarandus tarandus 3959:which is derived from the 3945:Rangifer tarandus tarandus 3943:or (semi)domestic caribou 2609:(cugg'alinguaq in Egegik) 1875:(lit. «roasted thing») is 1000:, South Baffin Kingarmiut 996:and Nunavik Inuttitut ᖁᐊᖅ 700:) is eaten in the evening. 690:) is eaten around mid-day. 9666: 9594: 9561: 9498: 9330: 9243: 8924: 7377: 7228: 7180:Health and fitness portal 7137: 7069: 6967: 6865: 6747: 6738: 6716: 6673: 6607: 6499: 6478: 6450: 6422: 6379: 6328: 6305: 6279: 6258: 6249: 6186: 6134:21(2): 91–127 Winter 2001 5501:Judith M. Morris (1985), 5130:Steven A. Jacobson 1984, 5045:Pacific Northwest cuisine 4981:Ledum pallustre decumbens 4872: 4335:Dicrostonyx groenlandicus 4043:brought 31 muskoxen from 3221:Oncorhynchus tschawytscha 3029:), many species of fish ( 2760:(hypercholesterolaemia), 2629: 2395: 1831:fish or other food (also 1756: 798:Fish in the food industry 639:) for subsistence foods. 440:), many species of fish ( 9480:Scottish royal household 9425:History of vegetarianism 7663:Central African Republic 6460:Bodybuilding supplements 6009:Rangifer tarandus granti 5792:James H. Barker (2010), 5727:Pete & Kreher (1986) 5712:Raymond-Yakoubian (2013) 5700:Pete & Kreher (1986) 5580:Yupʼik Eskimo Dictionary 5532:Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley 4483: 4127:in Cup'ig) are commonly 4110:or fur-bearing animals ( 3987:Bureau of Indian Affairs 3916:Rangifer tarandus granti 2908:For thousands of years, 2799: 2615:(kulic'aaq from Russian 743:techniques are uncooked 643:What meals the Yupik eat 627:), terrestrial mammals ( 608:. Some foods were eaten 423:is based on traditional 7129:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid 6432:Ovo-lacto vegetarianism 6132:Journal of Ethnobiology 6126:Dennis Griffin (2001), 5779:Susan Charnley (1984), 5081: 5075: 5069: 5035:Native American cuisine 4839:Phalacrocorax pelagicus 4805:qilangaq, qengacuar(aq) 4401:Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 4065:Ursus arctos horribilis 3529:Hippoglossus stenolepis 3106: 3000:hunter-fisher-gatherers 2991:The Yup'ik, like other 2491:in Egegik from Russian 2479:Hooper Bay and Chevak, 2315:(in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 1987:The half-dried salmon ( 1512:households during 1986 1498: 1393: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1280:(Yup'ik) is smoked fish 919:“real, genuine food”). 631:), and marine mammals ( 600:in cold water and oil, 588:methods, including air 540:Arctic Circle in Alaska 417:hunter-fisher-gatherers 408:The Yup'ik, like other 167:Pink or Humpback salmon 9405:History of agriculture 7099:Healthy eating pyramid 6645:Time Restricted Eating 6529:Fluid restriction diet 5556:John Pingayak (1998), 5151:. Prospect Books 2001. 4864:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4845:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4826:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4816:Black-legged kittiwake 4807:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4801:Fratercula corniculata 4773:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4754:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4737: 4714:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4687:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4604:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4573:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4531:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4475:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4458:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4423:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4372:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4298:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4261:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4231:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4212:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4192:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4166:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4146:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4123:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4088:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 4041:U.S. Biological Survey 4010:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3951:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3930:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3889:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3747:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3713:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3694:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3650:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3615:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3559:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3533: 3305:Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 3124: 2931:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 2830: 2813: 2750:standard American diet 2678:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 2647: 2461:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 2105:Marine mammals as food 2101: 2089: 1472:filled with seal oil". 1407:qaarsat, meluk, imlauk 1347: 1245: 1238: 851: 835: 827: 790:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 723: 719: 706: 686: 676: 653: 568: 528: 397:is usually eaten with 212: 174: 151:Chinook or King salmon 104: 9375:Early modern European 9103:Indigenous Australian 8662:São Tomé and Príncipe 7549:Bosnian-Herzegovinian 6599:Specific carbohydrate 6491:Very-low-calorie diet 4732: 4407:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik) 4325:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik) 4318:Clethrionomys rutilus 4283:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik) 4214:cenkar, pirturcir(ar) 3955:in Cup'ig). The word 3829:Delphinapterus leucas 3707:Histriophoca fasciata 3519: 3151:in Yup'ik and Cup'ik 3114: 2824: 2807: 2633: 2509:(Yup'ik and Cup'ik), 2123:docosapentaenoic acid 2119:eicosapentaenoic acid 2095: 2083: 1345: 1326:This fish is usually 1243: 1216: 1194:, commonly called as 841: 833: 805: 721:The Nunivak Eskimos ( 703: 546:, whence Iñupiaq and 522:Both the Yup'ik (and 198:Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180: 159:Coho or Silver salmon 135:Sockeye or Red salmon 110: 99: 9786:Cuisine by ethnicity 9538:Molecular gastronomy 9470:Pre-contact Hawaiian 9380:Historical Argentine 9266:Mangalorean Catholic 7447:Pacific Northwestern 6544:Intermittent fasting 4746:or common guillemot 4639:or long-tailed duck 4598:Somateria mollissima 4567:Somateria mollissima 4417:Spermophilus parryii 4255:Mustela richardsonii 3577:ice associated seals 3432:or Alaska blackfish 3368:Salvelinus namaycush 3287:due to their fierce 3245:Oncorhynchus kisutch 3071:freshwater whitefish 2808:Tumnaq used to make 2764:(hypertension), and 2731:preparation of foods 2725:is the selection of 2708:decaffeinated coffee 2439:in Unaliq-Pastuliq, 2250:is skin for chewing. 2182:is cooked seal lung. 2127:docosahexaenoic acid 877:(and salmon) called 867:freshwater whitefish 755:"to eat raw food"), 482:freshwater whitefish 192:Vaccinium uliginosum 34:specify the language 32:This article should 9395:Historical Japanese 9230:Transylvanian Saxon 9098:Indigenous American 6509:Calorie restriction 5956:Marie Lowe (2007), 5807:Jim Crotty (1997), 5714:, pp. 105–108. 5029:Greenlandic cuisine 4973:Ranunculus pallasii 4957:Polygonum viviparum 4949:Ligusticum hultonii 4790:cip'lagar, cukilpag 4617:Polysticta stelleri 4315:(singing vole) and 4071:Yup'ik and Cup'ik, 3854:Terrestrial mammals 3753:St. Lawrence Island 3594:Erignathus barbatus 3579:) because they use 3523:Gadus macrocephalus 3325:Oncorhynchus mykiss 3006:is the practice of 2898:Alaskan Athabaskans 2762:high blood pressure 2746:omega-3 fatty acids 1513: 1443:kuusqun, kuusqulluk 1309:in Canineq Yup'ik, 1192:fermented fish head 1026:is frozen raw fish. 945:(aged fish heads). 385:methods are mostly 9475:Korean royal court 9420:History of seafood 9385:Historical Chinese 9360:Antebellum America 9200:Pennsylvania Dutch 7812:Equatorial Guinean 7782:Dominican Republic 6424:Semi-vegetarianism 6081:Chuck Eisenhower, 5317:2017-08-03 at the 4786:Aethia cristatella 4738: 4579:metr(ar), nanwista 4385:Erethizon dorsatum 4292:Ondatra zibethicus 3771:or Pacific walrus 3726:Eumetopias jubatus 3722:Steller's sea lion 3534: 3399:Thymallus arcticus 3219:or Chinook salmon 3197:Oncorhynchus nerka 3195:or sockeye salmon 3125: 3123:, Alaska, May 2008 2831: 2814: 2792:, but depleted in 2531:are also known as 2359:are also known as 2102: 2090: 1942:(zharkóe) ‘roast’. 1507: 1348: 1246: 1145:Tepcuaraq kumlaneq 1137:tepcuaraq kumlaneq 852: 848:Old Harbor, Alaska 836: 828: 234:style traditional 213: 175: 143:Chum or Dog salmon 133:) for the Yup'ik: 105: 9748: 9747: 9490:Thirteen Colonies 9350:Ancient Israelite 8550:Papua New Guinean 7348:Intercontinental 7188: 7187: 7065: 7064: 6734: 6733: 6307:Sustainable diets 5971:Ice Seal Research 5516:Jody Seitz (1990) 5052:Explanatory notes 4835:Pelagic cormorant 4809:qilangar, tunngar 4641:Clangula hyemalis 4565:or Pacific eider 4549: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4366:Castor canadensis 4296:kanaqlak, tevyuli 4206:Lontra canadensis 4122: 4116: 4004:Alces alces gigas 3901: 3895: 3888: 3882: 3868: 3862: 3856:or land mammals ( 3793: 3789:asveret ~ asevret 3787: 3783:asverek ~ asevrek 3781: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3558: 3552: 3491:or rainbow smelt 3438:can'giiq, imangaq 3434:Dallia pectoralis 3269:Oncorhynchus keta 3150: 3144: 3138: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2854: 2848: 2365:Alaskan ice cream 2349:Alutiiq ice cream 2345:Inupiat ice-cream 2341:Inupiaq ice-cream 2272: 2266: 2173: 2167: 2098:Point Lay, Alaska 2096:Muktuk drying at 2062: 2056: 1753: 1752: 1533:Smoked "dry fish" 1235:Lower Kuskokwim, 1173: 1167: 902: 898:neqpiit ~ neqpiat 896: 889: 883: 844:Sugpiaq ~ Alutiiq 775:Food preservation 586:food preservation 512:commercial stores 383:Food preservation 325:species, such as 94: 93: 74:may also be used. 9793: 9776:Siberian cuisine 9738: 9737: 9728: 9727: 9718: 9708: 9707: 9698: 9697: 9690:Drink portal 9688: 9687: 9686: 9676: 9675: 9656:Meal preparation 9569:List of cuisines 9415:History of bread 9340:Ancient Egyptian 9317:Ritual slaughter 9175:Louisiana Creole 9113:Italian American 8932:African American 7921:Greek Macedonian 7215: 7208: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7175: 7165: 7155: 7154: 7145: 7144: 6745: 6744: 6579:Monotrophic diet 6559:Low-carbohydrate 6524:Elimination diet 6470:Therapeutic food 6465:Meal replacement 6452:Supplement diets 6320:Planetary health 6256: 6255: 6192: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6135: 6124: 6109: 6102: 6096: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6058: 6052: 6045: 6039: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6003: 5997: 5988: 5973: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5941: 5931: 5925: 5914: 5908: 5897: 5891: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5813: 5805: 5799: 5790: 5784: 5777: 5768: 5759: 5750: 5741: 5730: 5724: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5622: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5599: 5593: 5575: 5566: 5554: 5543: 5529: 5523: 5514: 5508: 5499: 5493: 5484: 5457: 5448: 5373: 5370: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5337: 5322: 5308: 5201: 5192: 5169: 5163: 5152: 5141: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5111: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5062: 5016: 5011: 5010: 4969:Pallas buttercup 4913:Caltha palustris 4820:Rissa tridactyla 4763:Pigeon guillemot 4547: 4541: 4535: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4469:Lepus americanus 4437:Marmota caligata 4435:or hoary marmot 4399:or red squirrel 4330:Collared lemming 4277:Martes americana 4120: 4114: 4094:tan'gerlim kemga 4082:Ursus americanus 4069:taqukaq, carayak 4036:umingmar, maskar 4032:Ovibos moschatus 4002:or Alaska moose 3914:or wild caribou 3899: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3866: 3860: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3556: 3550: 3546:or sea mammals ( 3505:quyuuq, cemerliq 3442:can'gir, taqikar 3345:Salvelinus malma 3343:or Dolly Varden 3277:qavlunaq, neqpik 3148: 3142: 3136: 3073:, land mammals ( 3055:Alaska blackfish 2947: 2941: 2935: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2852: 2846: 2825:Elevated cache ( 2810:Eskimo ice cream 2766:chronic diseases 2758:high cholesterol 2645: 2625: 2595: 2501: 2487:in Bristol Bay, 2361:native ice cream 2357:Indian ice cream 2333:Yup'ik ice-cream 2331:, also known as 2329:Eskimo ice cream 2270: 2264: 2171: 2165: 2060: 2054: 1941: 1921:(Cup'ik) (also, 1693:Humpback or Pink 1514: 1506: 1501: 1433:). Residents of 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1236: 1171: 1165: 900: 894: 892:neqpik ~ neqpiaq 887: 881: 741:Food preparation 726: 717: 709: 689: 679: 656: 571: 533: 484:, land mammals ( 466:Alaska blackfish 339:Food preparation 253:. Also known as 203:aggregate fruits 89: 86: 80: 65: 59: 55: 49: 45: 39: 27: 26: 19: 9801: 9800: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9790: 9751: 9750: 9749: 9744: 9684: 9682: 9678:Food portal 9670: 9662: 9590: 9557: 9494: 9326: 9239: 8947:Arab-Indonesian 8920: 8901:Western Saharan 8373:Liechtensteiner 7938:Guinea-Bissauan 7574:Channel Islands 7462:Southwestern US 7382: 7373: 7224: 7219: 7189: 7184: 7133: 7071: 7061: 6963: 6939: 6931: 6923: 6915: 6907: 6899: 6891: 6883: 6861: 6730: 6712: 6669: 6603: 6501: 6495: 6479:Non-solid diets 6474: 6446: 6418: 6404:Milk substitute 6383: 6375: 6329:Religious diets 6324: 6301: 6275: 6245: 6190: 6182: 6176:Human nutrition 6173: 6143: 6138: 6125: 6112: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6067: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6046: 6042: 6036:Animal Genetics 6033: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6004: 6000: 5989: 5976: 5968: 5964: 5955: 5944: 5932: 5928: 5915: 5911: 5898: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5839:Atherosclerosis 5835: 5831: 5823: 5816: 5806: 5802: 5791: 5787: 5778: 5771: 5760: 5753: 5742: 5733: 5725: 5718: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5654: 5646: 5639: 5631: 5623: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5595: 5594:, excerpted in 5590: 5576: 5569: 5555: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5515: 5511: 5500: 5496: 5485: 5460: 5449: 5376: 5371: 5362: 5353: 5349: 5338: 5325: 5319:Wayback Machine 5309: 5204: 5193: 5172: 5164: 5155: 5142: 5138: 5129: 5125: 5112: 5108: 5099: 5094: 5093: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5019: 5012: 5005: 5001: 4961:mountain sorrel 4929:Angelica lucida 4893:reindeer lichen 4875: 4858:Bubo scandiacus 4767:Cepphus columba 4708:Grus canadensis 4613:Steller's eider 4486: 4462:in Cup'ig) and 4412:Ground squirrel 4312:Microtus miurus 4251:Mustela erminea 4204:or river otter 4075:in Cup'ig) and 4017:tuntuviim kemga 3851: 3827:or white whale 3539: 3469:Clupea pallasii 3303:or pink salmon 3300:Humpback salmon 3267:or chum salmon 3243:or coho salmon 3183:in freshwater ( 3177:anadromous fish 3165:Pacific salmons 3121:Kuskokwim River 3109: 2989: 2972:is dog-feeding 2906: 2819: 2802: 2774:type 2 diabetes 2770:chronic disease 2739:Human nutrition 2720: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2632: 2619: 2589: 2563:in Iñupiaq) is 2549:Eskimo doughnut 2495: 2398: 2385:ugnaraat neqait 2383:or mouse food ( 2337:Yupik ice-cream 2308: 2299: 2146:tangviarrluggaq 2100:. June 24, 2007 2078: 2076:Mammals as food 1935: 1794:assali-, asgir- 1759: 1754: 1565:King or Chinook 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1411:Pacific herring 1237: 1234: 1221: 983:Inuit languages 969:, raw flesh or 955: 937:they made into 927:herring as food 842:Salmon drying. 800: 738: 718: 715: 710: 645: 617:anadromous fish 582:food processing 520: 389:and less often 341:techniques are 224:Yup'ik language 185:, a mixture of 90: 84: 81: 75: 63: 57: 53: 51:transliteration 47: 43: 37: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9799: 9789: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9732: 9722: 9712: 9702: 9692: 9680: 9667: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9648: 9647: 9646: 9636: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9598: 9596: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9586: 9579:Lists of foods 9576: 9571: 9565: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9513: 9508: 9502: 9500: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9336: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9291: 9290: 9280: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9253: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9063: 9058: 9056:Greek-American 9053: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8950: 8949: 8939: 8934: 8928: 8926: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8826: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8775: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8687:Sierra Leonean 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8318: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8112: 8111: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7869:French Guianan 7866: 7861: 7851: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7589:Northern Irish 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7388: 7386: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7367:Middle Eastern 7364: 7359: 7357:Latin American 7354: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7225: 7218: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7195: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7169: 7159: 7149: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7109:French paradox 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6973: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6871: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6832:Selenocysteine 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6753: 6751: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6722: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6693:Master Cleanse 6690: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6611: 6609: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6505: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6283: 6281: 6280:Regional diets 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6262: 6260: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6172: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6149: 6142: 6141:External links 6139: 6137: 6136: 6110: 6097: 6086: 6074: 6053: 6040: 6027: 6015: 5998: 5974: 5962: 5942: 5926: 5909: 5892: 5872: 5845:(2): 351–357. 5829: 5814: 5800: 5785: 5769: 5751: 5731: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5672: 5660: 5637: 5614: 5602: 5588: 5567: 5544: 5524: 5509: 5494: 5458: 5374: 5360: 5347: 5323: 5202: 5170: 5153: 5136: 5123: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5042: 5032: 5026: 5018: 5017: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4965:Oxyria digylla 4937:Draba borealis 4921:Rumex arcticus 4909:marsh marigold 4874: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4862:anipa ~ anipaq 4850: 4831: 4812: 4793: 4782:Crested auklet 4778: 4759: 4734:Horned puffins 4727: 4726: 4719: 4704:Sandhill crane 4700: 4672: 4632: 4609: 4590: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4444: 4428: 4408: 4392: 4377: 4358: 4342: 4326: 4303: 4284: 4269: 4236: 4217: 4197: 4186:Enhydra lutris 4178: 4160:Vulpes lagopus 4152: 4132: 4105: 4056: 4049:Nunivak Island 4024: 3995: 3991:Nunivak Island 3936: 3907: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3820: 3764: 3718: 3699: 3698:in Cup'ig) ... 3673:Phoca vitulina 3656: 3631:or hair seal ( 3621: 3554:imarpigmiutaat 3543:Marine mammals 3538: 3535: 3514: 3513: 3493:Osmerus mordax 3484: 3461: 3445: 3425: 3410: 3391: 3384:Stenodus nelma 3375: 3360: 3336: 3316: 3296: 3260: 3236: 3212: 3188: 3108: 3105: 3031:Pacific salmon 2988: 2985: 2950:in Cup'ig) as 2905: 2902: 2818: 2815: 2801: 2798: 2719: 2716: 2704:instant coffee 2641: 2631: 2628: 2519:or fry bread ( 2463:mukaar, muk'ar 2397: 2394: 2307: 2306:Plants as food 2304: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2275: 2274: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2200: 2199: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2175: 2158: 2157: 2144:(K, BB, HBC); 2077: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2065: 2064: 2047: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2013: 2012: 2005: 2004: 1984: 1983: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1959: 1944: 1943: 1927: 1926: 1907: 1906: 1899: 1898: 1891: 1890: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1868: 1861: 1860: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1836: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661:Silver or Coho 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1597:Red or Sockeye 1594: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1504: 1503: 1496:"The sac-roe ( 1493: 1492: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1446: 1370: 1369: 1340: 1339: 1323: 1322: 1315: 1314: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1282: 1281: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1261: 1232: 1215: 1214: 1200: 1199: 1188:aged fish head 1158: 1157: 1150: 1149: 1125: 1124: 1113: 1112: 1109:fermented food 1105:Fermented fish 1101: 1100: 1093: 1092: 1077: 1076: 1056: 1055: 1040: 1039: 1028: 1027: 1020: 1019: 975: 974: 954: 951: 923:Salmon as food 859:Pacific salmon 799: 796: 737: 734: 713: 702: 701: 691: 669: 644: 641: 536:Eskimo cuisine 524:Siberian Yupik 519: 516: 442:Pacific salmon 275:Nunivak Island 271:Nunivak Cup'ig 267:Cup'ig cuisine 255:Cup'ik cuisine 216:Yup'ik cuisine 208:Rubus arcticus 92: 91: 70:. Knowledge's 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9798: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9781:Yupik culture 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9766:Inuit cuisine 9764: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9741: 9733: 9731: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9711: 9703: 9701: 9693: 9691: 9681: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9641: 9640: 9637: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9612:Culinary arts 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9593: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9355:Ancient Roman 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9345:Ancient Greek 9343: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9261:Goan Catholic 9259: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9242: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9046:Crimean Tatar 9044: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8712:South African 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667:Saudi Arabian 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8383:Luxembourgish 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8103:Uttar Pradesh 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8038:Maharashtrian 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7998:Chhattisgarhi 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792:East Timorese 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7432:Midwestern US 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7380: 7376: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7362:Mediterranean 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7216: 7211: 7209: 7204: 7202: 7197: 7196: 7193: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7158: 7150: 7148: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7068: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6916: 6910: 6908: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6886: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6822:Phenylalanine 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6782:Glutamic acid 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6772:Aspartic acid 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6718:List of diets 6715: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6665:U.S. military 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6519:Diabetic diet 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6498: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6399:Meat analogue 6397: 6395: 6394:Fruitarianism 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6382: 6381:Vegetarianism 6378: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6292:Mediterranean 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6191:Main articles 6189: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6180:healthy diets 6177: 6170: 6165: 6163: 6158: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6063: 6057: 6050: 6044: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6012: 6010: 6002: 5995: 5994: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5972: 5966: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5907:15:2535–2540. 5906: 5902: 5896: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5819: 5812: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5766: 5765: 5758: 5756: 5748: 5747: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5729:, p. 40. 5728: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5708: 5702:, p. 41. 5701: 5696: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5670:, p. ii. 5669: 5664: 5653: 5652: 5644: 5642: 5630: 5629: 5621: 5619: 5612:, p. 31. 5611: 5606: 5598: 5591: 5589:9781555001155 5585: 5581: 5574: 5572: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5521: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5505: 5498: 5491: 5490: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5357: 5351: 5344: 5343: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5199: 5198: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5133: 5127: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5100: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5009: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4941:D. hyperborea 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4900: 4898: 4897:tuntut neqait 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4797:Horned puffin 4794: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4396:Tree squirrel 4393: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4346:Brown lemming 4343: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4225:Neogale vison 4223: 4222: 4221:American mink 4218: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4140:Vulpes vulpes 4138: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3898: 3892: 3885: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3549: 3548:imarpigmiutaq 3545: 3544: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3524: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3340:Trout (charr) 3337: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3323:or steelhead 3322: 3321: 3320:Rainbow trout 3317: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3240:Silver salmon 3237: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3117:rainbow smelt 3113: 3104: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3027:beluga whales 3024: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2995:groups, were 2994: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2953: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2828: 2823: 2811: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2737:by the body. 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2715: 2713: 2712:ersatz coffee 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2640: 2637: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2585:from Russian 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2303: 2297:Birds as food 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2285:inhabitants. 2284: 2280: 2269: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2059: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851:(Kuskokwim), 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1528:Smoked strips 1527: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1500: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1452:communities ( 1451: 1450:Nelson Island 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1083:is stored in 1082: 1081:Kumlivirluuki 1079: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988: 984: 980: 977: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 957: 956: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 899: 893: 886: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 857:, especially 856: 849: 845: 840: 832: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 776: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 733: 730: 725: 712: 708: 699: 695: 692: 688: 683: 678: 673: 670: 667: 663: 660: 659: 658: 655: 650: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 564: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 532: 531: 525: 518:Yupik Cuisine 515: 513: 508: 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 438:beluga whales 435: 431: 426: 422: 418: 415: 412:groups, were 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 259:Chevak Cup'ik 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 220:Yupiit neqait 217: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 194: 193: 188: 184: 179: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 109: 103: 98: 88: 78: 73: 69: 62: 52: 42: 35: 30: 21: 20: 9543:Note by Note 9521:New American 9210:Pontic Greek 9091:South Indian 9086:North Indian 8757:Extremaduran 8647:Saint Lucian 8321:South Korean 8316:North Korean 8180:Palembangese 8108:Uttarakhandi 7594:Saint Helena 7584:Gibraltarian 7452:Puerto Rican 7177:Food portal, 7089:Food pyramid 7070:Nutritional 6514:Cardiac diet 6502:restrictions 6486:Liquid diets 6131: 6100: 6089: 6077: 6066:. Retrieved 6056: 6043: 6035: 6030: 6018: 6008: 6001: 5991: 5965: 5934: 5929: 5924:66(1):31–41. 5921: 5912: 5904: 5895: 5887: 5875: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5808: 5803: 5793: 5788: 5780: 5762: 5744: 5707: 5695: 5682: 5675: 5663: 5650: 5627: 5605: 5579: 5564:Alaskool.org 5557: 5539: 5527: 5518: 5512: 5502: 5497: 5487: 5451: 5355: 5350: 5340: 5195: 5148: 5139: 5126: 5121:7(1): 41–49. 5118: 5109: 5060: 5031:of Greenland 4993: 4989: 4985: 4980: 4977:Labrador tea 4972: 4964: 4956: 4953:wild rhubarb 4948: 4945:wild parsnip 4940: 4936: 4933:wild lettuce 4928: 4920: 4912: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4889:Famine foods 4887: 4883: 4876: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4752:alpa ~ alpaq 4751: 4747: 4743:Common murre 4741: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4624: 4621:anarnissakaq 4620: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4592: 4589:♂ in Cup'ig) 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562:Common eider 4560: 4555: 4552: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4305: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4124: 4117: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3983:R. t. granti 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966:(ӄораӈы) or 3963: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3896: 3890: 3883: 3877: 3874:Game animals 3873: 3864:nunarmiutaat 3863: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3849:Land mammals 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824:Beluga whale 3822: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3748: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3660:Spotted seal 3658: 3651: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3629:Pusa hispida 3628: 3623: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3590:Bearded seal 3588: 3576: 3572: 3560: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3527: 3521: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3172: 3169:Oncorhynchus 3168: 3163: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3101: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3016: 2997:semi-nomadic 2990: 2987:Food sources 2982: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2893:food storage 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2834:Food storage 2832: 2826: 2817:Food storage 2812:, circa 1910 2743: 2721: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2635: 2634: 2613:Easter bread 2611: 2605: 2601:qaq'ulektaaq 2600: 2596: 2582: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2384: 2378: 2376: 2372:Yup'ik dance 2369: 2364: 2360: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2300: 2289: 2276: 2267: 2260: 2247: 2237: 2231: 2217: 2213: 2195: 2187: 2179: 2168: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2142:tangviarrluk 2141: 2137: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2068: 2057: 2050: 2042: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1902: 1894: 1872: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1824: 1817: 1809: 1801: 1793: 1785: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1725:Total salmon 1488: 1484: 1448:In all four 1442: 1413:attached to 1406: 1335: 1318: 1310: 1306: 1305:(in Yup'ik, 1302: 1289: 1288:(in Yup'ik, 1285: 1277: 1273: 1265: 1258:arumaarrluaq 1257: 1253: 1249: 1227: 1218: 1217: 1205:pakegvissaaq 1204: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1168: 1161: 1153: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1120: 1116: 1096: 1088: 1080: 1067: 1063: 1062:(in Yup'ik, 1059: 1047: 1046:(in Yup'ik, 1043: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1015: 1008: 1001: 997: 989: 978: 962: 958: 942: 938: 921: 916: 912: 897: 891: 884: 878: 855:Fish as food 853: 823: 819: 818:= to clean; 815: 811: 807: 791: 787: 778: 773: 764: 757:fermentation 752: 748: 739: 729:Nunivaarmiut 728: 720: 704: 697: 665: 647:The type of 646: 614: 602:fermentation 598:food storage 565: 556:last ice age 544:Eastern Asia 535: 521: 509: 494: 414:semi-nomadic 407: 353:methods are 343:fermentation 334: 321:(especially 319:Fish as food 266: 254: 219: 215: 214: 206: 196: 190: 187:true berries 170: 162: 154: 146: 138: 130: 122:Oncorhynchus 120: 116: 100:Smoked chum 85:October 2021 82: 68:ISO 639 code 64:}} 58:{{ 54:}} 48:{{ 44:}} 38:{{ 33: 9730:WikiProject 9310:Kosher food 8692:Singaporean 8682:Seychellois 8657:Sammarinese 8540:Palestinian 8500:New Zealand 8470:Montenegrin 8440:Mauritanian 8435:Marshallese 8247:Piedmontese 8175:Minangkabau 8145:Gorontalese 7926:Heptanesean 7842:Kapampangan 7765:Greenlandic 7641:Cameroonian 7509:Bangladeshi 7499:Azerbaijani 7457:Southern US 7442:New Mexican 7437:New English 7412:Californian 7229:Continental 6749:Amino acids 6688:Macrobiotic 6660:Raw foodism 6650:Liquid diet 6620:Cotton ball 6615:Entomophagy 6608:Other diets 6574:Low-protein 6534:Gluten-free 6442:Pollotarian 6437:Pescetarian 6271:Plant-based 6259:Basic types 6241:Staple food 5542:Vol. 35, #2 5014:Food portal 4925:wild celery 4718:in Cup'ig). 4716:qucilkuryug 4671:in Cup'ig). 4667:in Cup'ik, 4663:in Yup'ik, 4661:aarraangiiq 4645:allgiar(aq) 4627:in Yup'ik, 4608:in Cup'ig). 4550:in Cup'ig) 4460:qayuqegglir 4456:qayuqeggliq 4452:Lepus othus 4339:qilagmiutaq 4263:terriar(ar) 4210:cuignilnguq 4053:subsistence 3858:nunarmiutaq 3839:in Cup'ik, 3804:Bristol Bay 3798:in Cup'ik, 3703:Ribbon seal 3669:Harbor seal 3625:Ringed seal 3537:Sea mammals 3507:in Cup'ik, 3503:in Yup'ik, 3477:iqalluarpag 3475:in Yup'ik, 3440:in Yup'ik, 3418:Esox lucius 3407:culugpaugar 3405:in Yup'ik, 3382:or inconnu 3357:iqalluyagar 3355:in Yup'ik, 3331:in Yup'ik, 3311:in Yup'ik, 3279:in Cup'ik, 3275:in Yup'ik, 3255:in Cup'ik, 3251:in Yup'ik, 3231:in Cup'ik, 3227:in Yup'ik, 3216:King salmon 3207:in Cup'ik, 3203:in Yup'ik, 3004:Subsistence 2891:-like safe 2754:weight gain 2735:assimilated 2696:kuuvviapiaq 2682:in Unaliq, 2620: [ 2590: [ 2571:Pilot bread 2496: [ 2483:in Cup'ig; 2473:Fried bread 2319:in Cup'ig, 2279:Chuathbaluk 2238:Tamukassaaq 2125:(DPA), and 2001:egamaarrluk 1989:egamaarrluk 1972:Egamaarrluk 1936: [ 1818:puyiar(ar)- 1629:Dog or Chum 1560:(qimugcin) 1550:(paankaraq) 1535:(neqerrluk) 1530:(palak’aaq) 1462:Toksook Bay 1419:Bristol Bay 1290:uqumelzngur 1266:Uqumaarrluk 1250:Arumaarrluk 1228:qanganaruaq 1186:. Known as 1133:tepcuar(aq) 1052:Frozen food 1013:Greenlandic 1004:, Labrador 939:qamiqurrluk 907:Eskimos is 808:Neq'liurtuk 727:in Cup'ig, 724:Nuniwarmiut 696:or dinner ( 674:or dinner ( 578:Greenlandic 572:, Canadian 425:subsistence 337:in Yup'ik. 315:Greenlandic 309:, Canadian 236:subsistence 125:) are main 119:) species ( 9755:Categories 9553:Vegetarian 9332:Historical 9076:Indonesian 9024:Indonesian 8994:Australian 8916:Zimbabwean 8896:Vietnamese 8891:Venezuelan 8779:Sri Lankan 8747:Cantabrian 8722:Andalusian 8672:Senegalese 8652:Salvadoran 8600:Circassian 8570:Portuguese 8555:Paraguayan 8545:Panamanian 8505:Nicaraguan 8480:Mozambican 8460:Monégasque 8413:Sarawakian 8388:Macedonian 8378:Lithuanian 8242:Neapolitan 8115:Indonesian 8073:Rajasthani 8048:Meghalayan 8023:Jharkhandi 7978:Arunachali 7933:Guatemalan 7864:La Réunion 7797:Ecuadorian 7772:Djiboutian 7519:Belarusian 7489:Australian 7417:Floribbean 7032:Phosphorus 7022:Molybdenum 6847:Tryptophan 6817:Methionine 6802:Isoleucine 6767:Asparagine 6655:Ninja diet 6589:Renal diet 6554:Low-FODMAP 6549:Low-sodium 6315:Low carbon 6068:2011-11-09 5890:91:777–785 5881:Bert Boyer 5097:References 5023:Inuit diet 4868:in Cup'ig) 4849:in Cup'ig) 4830:in Cup'ig) 4824:naruyacuaq 4811:in Cup'ig) 4792:in Cup'ig) 4777:in Cup'ig) 4758:in Cup'ig) 4748:Uria aalge 4699:in Cup'ig) 4693:caqulegpak 4669:aarrangiir 4631:in Cup'ig) 4629:qaciar(ar) 4625:caqiar(aq) 4594:King eider 4376:in Cup'ig) 4357:in Cup'ig) 4302:in Cup'ig) 4268:in Cup'ig) 4233:imarmiutar 4229:imarmiutaq 4216:in Cup'ig) 4201:Land otter 4196:in Cup'ig) 4177:in Cup'ig) 4156:Arctic fox 4108:Furbearers 4090:tungulzria 4086:tan'gerliq 4078:Black bear 4063:(grizzly) 4060:Brown bear 3835:in Yup'ik 3794:in Yup'ik 3561:imarpillar 3452:or burbot 3364:Lake trout 3349:iqallugpik 3315:in Cup'ik) 3285:dog salmon 3264:Dog salmon 3259:in Cup'ig) 3235:in Cup'ig) 3211:in Cup'ig) 3192:Red salmon 3185:salmon run 3086:superfoods 2889:bear cache 2861:qaivarrvik 2850:qulvarviit 2778:overweight 2692:kuuvviapik 2435:in Yukon; 2268:kinengyiit 2248:Taaqassaaq 2218:mangengtak 2205:whale meat 2148:(NI, CAN) 2131:Dried fish 2033:ungllik'ar 2009:Qamangatak 1993:Egamaarruk 1976:egamaarruk 1919:Cal'kuuyaq 1917:(Yup'ik), 1915:Sal'kuuyaq 1895:Teggsiq'er 1778:barbecuing 1540:(kumlaneq) 1439:Dillingham 1435:Twin Hills 1399:fertilized 1330:(chum) or 1311:nin'amayag 1307:nin'amayuk 1303:Niinamayak 1286:Uqumelnguq 1276:(Cıp'ig), 1254:arumarrluk 1154:Tepngayaaq 1036:Qassayagaq 992:, Nunavut 963:Qassaulria 935:fish heads 863:Salmonidae 560:dietitians 505:delicacies 395:Dried fish 363:barbecuing 323:Salmonidae 303:superfoods 9632:sociology 9511:Fast food 9506:Classique 9370:Byzantine 9271:Mennonite 9256:Christian 9244:Religious 9205:Peranakan 9153:Sephardic 9138:Ethiopian 9128:Ashkenazi 9081:Malaysian 9034:Pakistani 9029:Malaysian 9004:Cambodian 8954:Aromanian 8886:Vanuatuan 8876:Uruguayan 8871:Ukrainian 8824:Zanzibari 8819:Tanzanian 8809:Taiwanese 8772:Valencian 8767:Manchegan 8702:Slovenian 8615:Mordovian 8535:Pakistani 8525:Norwegian 8465:Mongolian 8445:Mauritian 8420:Maldivian 8403:Malaysian 8296:Jordanian 8257:Sardinian 8217:Abruzzese 8185:Sundanese 8170:Minahasan 8093:Telangana 8078:Sikkimese 8028:Karnataka 7963:Icelandic 7958:Hungarian 7827:Ethiopian 7777:Dominican 7730:Congolese 7725:Colombian 7693:Hong Kong 7688:Cantonese 7656:Québécois 7636:Cambodian 7631:Burundian 7621:Burkinabé 7616:Bulgarian 7569:Anguillia 7559:Brazilian 7539:Bhutanese 7514:Barbadian 7479:Argentine 7300:Levantine 7290:Caucasian 7263:Caribbean 7124:MyPyramid 7037:Potassium 7017:Manganese 7012:Magnesium 6959:Vitamin K 6954:Vitamin E 6949:Vitamin D 6944:Vitamin C 6936:Vitamin B 6928:Vitamin B 6920:Vitamin B 6912:Vitamin B 6904:Vitamin B 6896:Vitamin B 6888:Vitamin B 6880:Vitamin B 6875:Vitamin A 6842:Threonine 6797:Histidine 6787:Glutamine 6740:Nutrition 6726:Diet food 6708:Slow-Carb 6703:Superfood 6698:Junk food 6683:Cambridge 6675:Fad diets 6594:Soft diet 6500:Specific 6409:Raw vegan 6366:Rastafari 6341:Christian 6231:Nutrition 6211:Dietitian 6064:. Fws.gov 6007:Caribou ( 5859:0021-9150 5600:2012–2013 5102:Citations 5025:of Canada 4917:sour dock 4854:Snowy owl 4722:Ptarmigan 4712:qucillgaq 4657:aarraaliq 4606:qengalleg 4602:qengallek 4587:tunupista 4575:angiikvak 4381:Porcupine 4281:qavcicuaq 4266:narullgir 4259:narullgiq 4240:Beringian 4182:Sea otter 4175:illaassug 4118:melqulget 4102:not eaten 4045:Greenland 3928:tuntupiaq 3573:ice seals 3512:occurred. 3454:Lota lota 3429:Blackfish 3333:kangitner 3289:dentition 3257:ciayuryar 3233:taryaqvag 3229:taryaqvak 3059:shellfish 3023:walrusses 2952:sled dogs 2877:mayurrvik 2857:qulrarvik 2844:qulvarvik 2723:Nutrition 2718:Nutrition 2583:sugg'aliq 2579:cugg'aliq 2557:muqpauraq 2521:uqup'alek 2380:mousefood 2283:Sleetmute 2261:Kinengyak 2232:Aaqassaaq 2222:epidermis 2043:Ungelkaaq 2029:Ungllekaq 1997:neqerrluk 1923:casserole 1911:Salkuuyaq 1855:(Yukon), 1853:uuqnarniq 1849:Uuqnarliq 1553:Stinkhead 1545:(sulunaq) 1525:(keniraq) 1520:Harvested 1489:Imlaucuar 1485:Imlaucuaq 1466:Nightmute 1431:Aleknagik 1427:Manokotak 1409:) of the 1184:fish head 1180:fermented 1129:Tepcuaraq 1032:Qassayaaq 1006:Inuttitut 994:Inuktitut 947:Fish eggs 846:village, 812:neq'liur- 666:unuakutaq 662:Breakfast 470:shellfish 434:walrusses 331:whitefish 293:and land 171:amaqaayak 155:taryaqvak 147:kangitneq 9720:Cookbook 9700:Category 9602:Cookbook 9584:Prepared 9548:Nouvelle 9526:Eurasian 9455:Medieval 9251:Buddhist 9185:Ossetian 9170:Livonian 9148:Moroccan 9133:Bukharan 9123:American 9061:Hazaragi 9039:Peruvian 9014:Filipino 9009:Canadian 8989:American 8959:Assyrian 8856:Tuvaluan 8841:Tunisian 8836:Togolese 8784:Sudanese 8762:Galician 8742:Canarian 8732:Balearic 8727:Asturian 8580:Romanian 8560:Peruvian 8515:Nigerian 8495:Nepalese 8485:Namibian 8475:Moroccan 8455:Moldovan 8398:Malawian 8393:Malagasy 8363:Liberian 8353:Lebanese 8289:Okinawan 8284:Japanese 8279:Jamaican 8267:Venetian 8262:Sicilian 8237:Lucanian 8227:Ligurian 8165:Makassar 8160:Madurese 8155:Javanese 8125:Balinese 8120:Acehnese 8043:Manipuri 8018:Kashmiri 8013:Haryanvi 8008:Gujarati 7983:Assamese 7953:Honduran 7916:Epirotic 7901:Ghanaian 7891:Georgian 7881:Gabonese 7859:Corsican 7837:Filipino 7822:Estonian 7817:Eritrean 7802:Egyptian 7735:Croatian 7718:Xinjiang 7703:Shandong 7698:Macanese 7646:Canadian 7611:Bruneian 7599:Scottish 7554:Botswana 7544:Bolivian 7534:Beninese 7529:Belizean 7504:Bahraini 7494:Austrian 7484:Armenian 7422:Hawaiian 7407:American 7402:Algerian 7397:Albanian 7384:regional 7379:National 7344:Oceanian 7317:European 7258:Americas 7222:Cuisines 7167:Cookbook 7147:Category 7052:Vanadium 7042:Selenium 6987:Chromium 6982:Chlorine 6969:Minerals 6867:Vitamins 6852:Tyrosine 6777:Cysteine 6762:Arginine 6386:veganism 6336:Buddhist 6297:Atlantic 6266:Omnivore 5867:12535749 5315:Archived 5087:Stebbins 5070:melucuaq 4999:See also 4653:aliaaliq 4636:Oldsquaw 4583:metrapig 4545:tengmiat 4539:tengmiag 4533:tengmiar 4526:yaqulget 4520:yaqulgek 4507:tengmiat 4501:tengmiak 4495:tengmiaq 4477:maqaruar 4473:maqaruaq 4441:cikigpak 4425:qanganar 4421:qanganaq 4374:paluqtar 4370:paluqtaq 4323:avelngaq 4300:kanaqlag 4246:American 4168:qaterlir 4125:melquleg 4112:melqulek 4012:tuntuwag 4008:tuntuvak 3975:Rangifer 3961:Chukchee 3940:Reindeer 3932:tuntupig 3924:tuntupik 3904:pitarkat 3897:pitarkat 3891:pitarkar 3884:pitarkat 3878:pitarkaq 3761:Savoonga 3715:qasruleg 3711:qasruliq 3569:walruses 3395:Grayling 3379:Sheefish 3372:cikignaq 3329:talaariq 3293:dog food 3281:mac'utar 3253:qavlunaq 3179:as they 3043:flounder 2958:Dog food 2945:qimugtet 2939:qimugteg 2926:qimugtet 2920:qimugtek 2904:Dog food 2873:mayurpik 2684:kuuvviar 2676:kuuvviaq 2642:— 2597:sukhari’ 2553:doughnut 2537:assaliaq 2517:Frybread 2437:tevurkaq 2180:Cuakayak 2169:civanrat 2162:Civanraq 2138:Tangviaq 2111:Seal oil 2025:Umlikqaq 2017:Umlikaaq 1948:Assaliaq 1865:Allemaaq 1857:uqnarliq 1814:steaming 1770:roasting 1558:Dog food 1510:Kwethluk 1499:imlacuaq 1477:Stebbins 1415:eelgrass 1401:eggs or 1376:melucuaq 1359:melucuaq 1233:— 1224:wormwood 1210:botulism 1174:; lit. « 1141:Kumlaneq 1097:Qercuqaq 1089:kumlivik 1068:kumlaner 1064:kumlanaq 1060:Kumlaneq 1048:kumlacir 1044:Kumlaciq 981:(in the 971:raw meat 967:raw food 953:Uncooked 917:niqipiaq 714:— 698:atakutaq 606:freezing 552:Beringia 454:flounder 399:seal oil 379:steaming 359:roasting 269:for the 257:for the 195:and red 163:qakiiyaq 9740:Outline 9710:Commons 9627:history 9607:Cooking 9595:Related 9465:Peasant 9460:Ottoman 9430:Hittite 9305:Kashrut 9288:Chinese 9283:Islamic 9195:Pashtun 9165:Kurdish 9143:Mizrahi 9071:English 8999:British 8984:Chinese 8964:Balochi 8911:Zambian 8866:Ugandan 8851:Turkmen 8846:Turkish 8794:Swedish 8752:Catalan 8717:Spanish 8677:Serbian 8642:Rwandan 8605:Cossack 8595:Chechen 8590:Bashkir 8585:Russian 8490:Nauruan 8450:Mexican 8430:Maltese 8408:Sabahan 8358:Lesotho 8348:Latvian 8333:Kuwaiti 8328:Kosovan 8274:Ivorian 8232:Lombard 8222:Apulian 8212:Italian 8207:Israeli 8192:Iranian 8098:Tripuri 8068:Punjabi 7988:Bengali 7948:Haitian 7943:Guinean 7886:Gambian 7874:Occitan 7849:Finnish 7807:Emirati 7760:Faroese 7745:Cypriot 7713:Tibetan 7708:Sichuan 7683:Beijing 7678:Chinese 7673:Chilean 7668:Chadian 7651:Acadian 7626:Burmese 7579:English 7564:British 7524:Belgian 7474:Angolan 7332:Eastern 7327:Central 7295:Central 7236:African 7157:Commons 7119:MyPlate 7079:5 A Day 6977:Calcium 6827:Proline 6807:Leucine 6792:Glycine 6757:Alanine 6564:Low-fat 6351:Islamic 6287:Western 6251:Dieting 6236:Obesity 6206:Cuisine 6201:Dieting 5905:Obesity 5076:ellquat 4975:), and 4878:Berries 4775:cigurer 4771:ciguraq 4649:allgiar 4514:yaqulek 4355:pugultu 4288:Muskrat 4194:aatagar 4172:eqyerer 4148:kavviar 4136:Red fox 4129:trapped 4073:paugnar 3957:qusngiq 3953:qusngir 3949:qusngiq 3911:Caribou 3808:Qayaciq 3800:kaugpag 3796:kaugpak 3757:Gambell 3749:apakcug 3689:issurit 3683:issurik 3677:issuriq 3666:and/or 3610:makliit 3604:makliik 3581:sea ice 3509:quss'ur 3495:subsp. 3465:Herring 3157:iqallug 3079:caribou 3067:seaweed 3039:halibut 3035:herring 3012:fishing 3008:hunting 2970:Alungun 2933:qimugta 2914:qimugta 2887:) is a 2885:elliwig 2881:ellivik 2869:enekvak 2865:neqivik 2782:obesity 2700:alqunaq 2690:). The 2680:kuupiaq 2575:cracker 2565:pretzel 2545:zhárit’ 2541:assali- 2529:pancake 2525:bannock 2481:uqurpag 2441:tuurkaq 2421:qaqqiaq 2409:kelipar 2405:kelipaq 2353:dessert 2325:Iñupiaq 2290:Qemitaq 2226:blubber 2214:mangtak 2203:Beluga 2129:(DHA). 2121:(EPA), 2069:Aagciuk 2021:Umlikaq 1980:egamaaq 1956:assali- 1952:assaliq 1933:Жарко́е 1877:roasted 1825:Keniraq 1812:), and 1806:boiling 1798:smoking 1774:maniar- 1762:Cooking 1517:Species 1454:Tununak 1382:qaarsaq 1365:ellquat 1278:puyuqaq 1274:Puyuqer 1182:salmon 1121:Ciss'ur 1117:Ciss'uq 1085:freezer 1024:Nutaqaq 987:Iñupiaq 905:Iñupiaq 816:carrir- 761:cooking 749:Cassar- 682:Russian 677:apiataq 654:neruciq 629:caribou 594:smoking 569:Iñupiaq 530:Iñupiaq 501:mangtak 490:caribou 478:seaweed 450:halibut 446:herring 421:cuisine 375:boiling 371:smoking 351:Cooking 317:diets. 307:Inupiat 299:protein 295:mammals 245:of the 243:cuisine 77:See why 9516:Fusion 9499:Styles 9485:Soviet 9450:Mughal 9445:Muisca 9235:Yup'ik 9225:Tejano 9215:Romani 9158:Syrian 9118:Jewish 9066:Indian 9051:Gagauz 9019:Indian 8974:Buryat 8969:Berber 8925:Ethnic 8906:Yemeni 8804:Syrian 8737:Basque 8707:Somali 8697:Slovak 8630:Udmurt 8575:Qatari 8565:Polish 8520:Niuean 8425:Malian 8368:Libyan 8338:Kyrgyz 8311:Korean 8306:Kenyan 8301:Kazakh 8140:Betawi 8130:Banjar 8083:Sindhi 8033:Kerala 7993:Bihari 7973:Andhra 7968:Indian 7911:Cretan 7896:German 7854:French 7832:Fijian 7755:Danish 7392:Afghan 7352:Global 7322:Balkan 7072:advice 7047:Sodium 7027:Nickel 7002:Iodine 6997:Copper 6992:Cobalt 6857:Valine 6837:Serine 6812:Lysine 6361:Jewish 6221:Leptin 6216:Hunger 5865: 5857: 5586: 5082:imlaat 4873:Plants 4866:anipar 4847:uyaleg 4843:uyalek 4725:soups. 4697:qugyug 4689:qugsuk 4685:qugyuk 4571:metraq 4465:Rabbit 4432:Marmot 4405:qiguiq 4362:Beaver 4273:Marten 4248:ermine 4190:arrnaq 4144:kaviaq 4028:Muskox 3994:cover. 3971:qoyaŋa 3968:Koryak 3964:qoraŋe 3841:cetuar 3837:cituaq 3819:lungs. 3816:Togiak 3768:Walrus 3742:uginat 3736:uginak 3730:uginaq 3696:issuri 3645:nayiit 3639:nayiik 3617:maklag 3598:maklak 3497:dentex 3481:qurre- 3353:yugyaq 3313:cuqpeq 3173:neqpik 3065:, and 3051:burbot 2993:Eskimo 2978:nerqe- 2974:trough 2966:Alunga 2672:Coffee 2658:saayuq 2654:caayuq 2630:Drinks 2607:Cookie 2587:Сухари 2511:maniar 2507:maniaq 2505:) The 2503:alad’i 2493:Оладьи 2489:alaciq 2485:alatiq 2477:uqulek 2459:mukaaq 2447:) The 2433:kuv'aq 2429:qaqquq 2425:qaq'uq 2417:qaqiaq 2396:Pastry 2321:akutuq 2317:akutar 2312:Akutaq 2210:Muktuk 2196:Uqiqur 2188:Uqiquq 2154:tangeq 2058:Qagret 1873:Maniaq 1829:cooked 1790:frying 1782:baking 1766:kenir- 1757:Cooked 1749:4,721 1737:17,546 1728:25,149 1656:1,543 1624:1,790 1555:(tepa) 1548:Canned 1543:Salted 1538:Frozen 1523:Cooked 1464:, and 1458:Newtok 1429:, and 1423:Togiak 1405:(var. 1394:qaryaq 1388:elquaq 1353:Qaryaq 1319:Cin'aq 1073:Ziploc 959:Qassaq 931:tomcod 850:, 1889 820:ciqret 759:, and 753:arepa- 694:Supper 684:обе́д 637:walrus 621:salmon 604:, and 590:drying 576:, and 526:) and 497:akutaq 476:, and 462:burbot 410:Eskimo 401:. 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