29:
258:(i.e., the region around the capital Chang'an), and they missed their home. Once they saw that Emperor Yang was not intending to return, they considered fleeing. Several Xiaoguo officers—the chief among whom were Sima Dekan (司馬德戡), Pei Qiantong (裴虔通), and Yuan Li (元禮)—planned an organized plot to flee. When two of the officers involved in the plot, Yuwen Zhiji's friend Zhao Xinshu (趙行樞) and Yuwen Zhiji's nephew Yang Shilan (楊士覽), discussed the plan with Yuwen Zhiji, Yuwen Zhiji opined that if the Xiaoguo soldiers fled, they would surely be chased down and executed; rather, he suggested that they carry out a coup instead. At the suggestion of Zhao and Xue Shiliang (薛世良), they decided to invite Yuwen Huaji to be their leader. Yuwen Huaji, who was described as cowardly, initially panicked when offered the leadership, but eventually accepted.
381:), his close associate Zhang Kai (張愷), who had previously helped him suppress Sima's plot, plotted against him. Yuwen Huaji discovered the plot and executed Zhang and his co-conspirators, but by this point was growing increasingly despondent over the increasing desertions from his rank. He and his brothers often feasted and wept at the feast, and he and Yuwen Zhiji blamed each other for the plot. Yuwen Huaji, believing that defeat was near, wanted to take imperial title. In fall 618, he therefore poisoned Yang Hao to death and declared himself emperor of the state of Xu.
409:
suggested that Li
Shentong accept the surrender, but Li Shentong, wanting to show off his power and also to seize Yuwen's treasures to award to his soldiers, refused. Meanwhile, Yuwen Huaji had sent Yuwen Shiji out of the city to seek food, and Yuwen Shiji was able to deliver some food supplies to Liaocheng, allowing Yuwen Huaji to recover somewhat, and therefore he withdrew his surrender offer and continued to resist. Li Shentong could not capture the city.
365:
attacks on Li Mi but could not prevail. Li, knowing that Yuwen Huaji's food supplies were running out, pretended to offer peace to Yuwen, agreeing to supply Yuwen's army with food, but instead planning to withhold food and, once Yuwen's food supplies did run out, attack. Li's plans, however, became known by Yuwen, and he in turn made a surprise attack on Li, nearly killing Li, but Li's general
417:
greeting
Empress Xiao, declared a mourning period for Emperor Yang and comforted the Sui officials. He arrested Yuwen Zhiji, Yang Shilan, and several other associates of Yuwen Huaji, executing them publicly. He then delivered Yuwen Huaji and Yuwen Huaji's sons Yuwen Chengji (宇文承基) and Yuwen Chengzhi (宇文承阯) to his base Xiangguo (襄國, in modern
321:, leaving the general Chen Leng (陳稜) in charge at Jiangdu. On the way, the Xiaoguo officers Mai Mengcai (麥孟才), Qian Jie (錢傑), and Shen Guang (沈光) tried to carry out a counter-coup to overthrow Yuwen Huaji and to avenge Emperor Yang, but they only succeeded in killing the co-conspirator Yuan Min (元敏) before they were surrounded and killed.
238:). Yuwen Shu and his sons followed Emperor Yang there, and in winter 616, Yuwen Shu died. Emperor Yang, remembering Yuwen Shu's contributions to him, made Yuwen Huaji a general and returned his brother Yuwen Zhiji to office as well. He also allowed Yuwen Huaji to inherit Yuwen Shu's title of Duke of Xu.
325:
officers, plotted against Yuwen Huaji, planning to support Sima as leader instead. However, when they secretly asked for support from the nearby agrarian rebel leader Meng
Haigong (孟海公), Meng did not respond quickly, and the plot leaked. Yuwen Huaji sent Yuwen Shiji to arrest Sima. He rebuked Sima:
261:
In late spring 618, the
Xiaoguo officers carried out their plot, and as they were trusted officers, they were able to quickly gain access to the palace. They quickly entered the palace, initially declaring that they were only intending to ask Emperor Yang to return to Chang'an, but soon showed that
218:
In 604, Emperor Wen died—a death that traditional historians generally believed to be a murder ordered by Yang Guang, although they admitted a lack of direct evidence—and Yang Guang took the throne as
Emperor Yang. He made Yuwen Huaji the deputy minister of husbandry. In 607, Emperor Yang visited
408:
Yuwen Huaji then tried to use the treasures he carried to entice other rebel generals into assisting him. Wang Bo (王薄) accepted, and entered
Liaocheng to help defend it. Soon, however, Yuwen Huaji ran out of food and offered to surrender to Li Shentong. Li Shentong's assistant Cui Min'gan (崔民幹)
364:
the Prince of Yue emperor) were apprehensive of Yuwen Huaji's next move, and they, previously enemies, entered into an alliance where Li, previously showing imperial ambitions of his own, accepted a Sui-bestowed title of Duke of Wei and nominally submitted to Yang Tong. Yuwen Huaji made several
416:
the Prince of Xia, another rebel leader intent on attacking Yuwen Huaji, soon arrived, forcing Li
Shentong to withdraw. Dou put Liaocheng under siege as well, and Wang Bo opened the city gates to welcome Xia forces in. Dou captured Yuwen Huaji and, referring to himself as "your subject" when
324:
Meanwhile, Yuwen Huaji began to live in luxury, using items and ceremonies only appropriate for emperors. Not willing to abandon
Emperor Yang's treasures, he carried them along, at great expense in manpower. Shocked at Yuwen Huaji's conduct, Sima Dekan, Zhao Xingshu, along with several other
211:, holding a sling and shooting stones from the sling, and several times, he was removed from his post for receiving bribes, but each time Yang Guang persuaded Emperor Wen to restore him, and Yang Guang gave a daughter (the Princess Nanyang) to Yuwen Huaji's brother
369:
protected Li from death, and eventually Yuwen was repelled. Yuwen, unable to gain food, headed north away from Li, and Li did not trail him. Many of his soldiers surrendered to Li, but he still had some 20,000 men by this point.
397:, although he then tried to rebel against Tang in winter 618 and was killed around the new year 619.) Yuan surrendered to Tang, and subsequently, the Tang general Li Shentong (李神通, a cousin of the Tang emperor
329:"We have together tried to pacify the empire, and it can be said that we have survived 10,000 deaths. Now that we have accomplished it, it is time for us to share our honors. Why were you plotting against me?"
266:, the Prince of Zhao. Emperor Yang offered to commit suicide by poison, but poison could not be found quickly, and so one of the officers, Linghu Xingda (令狐行達), strangled him with his scarf as he requested.
175:. Believing that his defeat was near and wanting to become emperor before his ultimate defeat, he poisoned Yang Hao and declared himself the emperor of a Xu state. Dou captured him in 619 and killed him.
514:(the founder of the Tang dynasty) before Yuwen Huaji claimed to be the emperor. He was the only person in his family that survived after 619 and eventually he became a prime minister of the Tang dynasty.
309:. He issued an edict in Empress Xiao's name, declaring Yang Hao emperor, but did not allow Yang Hao to actually exercise any imperial authorities. He soon gathered Emperor Yang's court, including his
277:
the Prince of Qi, Emperor Yang's grandson Yang Tan (楊倓) the Prince of Yan, and other members of the imperial Yang clan. A number of high level officials, including the prime minister
246:
Emperor Yang, believing that he was well-protected by the elite
Xiaoguo Army and not wanting to return to the turbulent north, considered moving the capital to Danyang (丹陽, in modern
207:
in 600. Thereafter, Yuwen Huaji served as a guard commander for Yang Guang's palace. It was said that he often rode strong horses at a high speed through the streets of the capital
337:"We executed the tyrant because we could not endure his immorality and cruelty, and we supported you. You, instead, are even worse than the tyrant. I was forced into this."
1175:
510:(宇文士及), general of Sui dynasty, but he accepted the advice from his friend Yang Yichen (general of Sui dynasty, garrisoned in Fort Dongling) and surrendered to
227:. Emperor Yang was incensed and ordered that they be executed, but at the last minute spared them, formally awarding them to their father Yuwen Shu as slaves.
28:
281:, Pei Yun (裴蘊), Lai Hu'er (來護兒), Yuan Chong (袁充), Yuwen Xie (宇文協), Yuwen Jiong (宇文皛), and Xiao Ju (蕭矩) the Duke of Liang (the nephew of Emperor Yang's wife
289:, the Prince of Qin, was a friend of Yuwen Zhiji, Yuwen Zhiji protected him, and Yang Hao was not killed. Yuwen Huaji also spared two other key officials—
425:) and had them beheaded in public. Before Yuwen Huaji was executed, the only thing he stated was, "I have never done any harm to the Prince of Xia!"
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In 616, with the northern empire engulfed in agrarian rebellions, Emperor Yang, at Yuwen Shu's suggestion, went to
Jiangdu (江都, in modern
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In spring 619, Yuwen Huaji attacked Yuan Baozang (元寶藏), a general previously under Li Mi. (Li Mi had been defeated by the Sui general
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273:, emperor, but the other coup leaders opposed the idea, and so Yang Xiu and his sons were put to death, as were Emperor Yang's son
360:). Both Li Mi and the Sui officials at Luoyang (who had, after hearing of Emperor Yang's death, declared Emperor Yang's grandson
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they intended more by starting to denounce Emperor Yang for his crimes, as well as killing his youngest son
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151:; died March 22, 619) was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician of the
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Yuwen Zhiji (宇文智及), general of Sui dynasty (executed by Dou Jiande)
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Yuwen Huiji (宇文惠及), general of Sui dynasty. Died in early years.
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in fall 618 and subsequently fled to the newly established
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167:(驍果) north. However, he was then repeatedly defeated by
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As Yuwen Huaji approached Luoyang, the rebel leader
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People executed by the Tang dynasty by decapitation
254:). Meanwhile, Xiaoguo soldiers were largely from
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16:Chinese military general, monarch, and politician
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155:who, in 618, led a coup against and murdered
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563:History of Northern Dynasties
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1186:Sui dynasty generals
352:(東郡, roughly modern
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876:Yang Xuangan
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989:Liu Wenjing
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917:key figures
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856:Yuwen Huaji
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777:Independent
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613:Sui dynasty
551:Book of Sui
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141:Yuwen Huaji
129:family name
65:Family name
22:Yuwen Huaji
1146:619 deaths
1140:Categories
1089:Luo Shixin
1084:Chen Shuda
1074:Liu Hongji
1004:Chen Shuda
954:Yuchi Gong
949:Qin Shubao
906:Lu Mingyue
871:Fu Gongshi
851:Xue Rengao
826:Liu Wuzhou
796:Gao Kaidao
791:Fu Gongshi
786:Dou Jiande
779:contenders
768:Li Daozong
632:Dou Jiande
544:References
533:TV series
488:(Tales of
472:Dou Jiande
465:Dou Jiande
414:Dou Jiande
385:As emperor
367:Qin Shubao
311:concubines
193:Yang Guang
179:Background
173:Dou Jiande
114:Occupation
81:Huàjí (化及)
77:Given name
1094:Yu Shinan
1054:Qutu Tong
1044:Lai Hu'er
1034:Tang Jian
1014:Hou Junji
1009:Feng Deyi
984:Wei Zheng
969:Chai Shao
944:Yuwen Shu
901:Zhai Rang
886:Xiao Xian
821:Liu Heita
806:Li Zitong
748:Li Yuanji
743:Li Xuanba
733:Li Shimin
704:Yang Tong
501:Brothers
460:Children
449:Yuwen Shu
412:However,
403:Liaocheng
362:Yang Tong
275:Yang Jian
256:Guanzhong
201:Yang Yong
189:Yuwen Shu
187:official
56:Full name
979:Du Ruhui
964:Xu Shiji
866:Du Fuwei
709:Yang Hao
699:Yang You
625:618–619
609:Yang Hao
578:, vols.
287:Yang Hao
279:Yu Shiji
271:Yang Xiu
264:Yang Gao
232:Yangzhou
209:Chang'an
161:Yang Hao
123:In this
1103:Battles
1019:Xiao Yu
929:Li Jing
861:Zhu Can
721:royalty
682:royalty
568:vol. 79
556:vol. 85
512:Li Yuan
455:general
451:(宇文述),
445:Father
419:Xingtai
319:Luoyang
252:Jiangsu
248:Nanjing
236:Jiangsu
145:Chinese
105:Dynasty
39:618–619
1115:Yanshi
994:Pei Ji
881:Luo Yi
846:Xue Ju
801:Li Gui
440:Family
375:Handan
354:Anyang
307:regent
295:Su Wei
291:Pei Ju
147::
127:, the
109:Xǔ (許)
1201:Yuwen
1125:Hulao
1110:Huoyi
915:Other
896:Li Mi
423:Hebei
379:Hebei
358:Henan
346:Li Mi
225:Tujue
169:Li Mi
134:Yuwen
70:Yǔwén
36:Reign
719:Tang
474:619)
467:619)
313:and
149:宇文化及
72:(宇文)
44:Died
680:Sui
611:of
592:187
588:186
584:185
580:183
531:SBS
131:is
1142::
590:,
586:,
582:,
566:,
554:,
436:.
421:,
377:,
356:,
250:,
234:,
79::
67::
664:e
657:t
650:v
634:)
594:.
570:.
558:.
539:.
143:(
137:.
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