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484:. The Dukan Dam straddles the Little Zab some 150 miles upstream from its confluence with the Tigris River. Constructed between 1954 and 1959, the dam has a total discharge capability of 4,300 cms. The power station, constructed in 1979, holds five water turbines and provides 400 MW of electrical energy.
1616:
In many sources, Zakho is called "Jerusalem of
Kurdistan," and in one of them even "Jerusalem of the Diaspora." According to Rabbi Haviv 'Alwan, Zakho was called "Jerusalem of Kurdistan" because Jews living in villages at a walking distance of three or four days from the city had to come there to be
382:, the renowned British archaeologist and Arabist who advised British governors in the region in the closing years of the British Mandate, was convinced that Zakho was the same place as the ancient town of Hasaniyeh. She also reported that one of the first Christian missionaries to the region, the
437:
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came originally from the
Slivani tribe, settled in Zakho, and became the most prominent family in Zakho. From the late 19th century onwards, the family of Shamdin Agha ruled "all the Muslims, Jews and Christians of Zakho and its surroundings." Zakho was known to the
624:
and a large, ancient Jewish community. In the middle of the 19th century, Zakho became the chief spiritual center for the Jews of
Kurdistan, and many sources refer to it as yerušalayim de-kurdistan 'the Jerusalem of Kurdistan.'
424:
Zakho is a major marketplace with its goods and merchandise serving the
Kurdish-controlled area and most of north and central Iraq. Writing in 1818, Campanile described the town as a great trading centre, famous for its
646:
Kurdish society was primarily a tribal one. The Jews of Zakho bore arms like
Kurdish Muslims. There was an attack on the Jews in 1891, when one of the synagogues was burnt down. The troubles intensified in 1892.
1896:
507:
when he responded brutally to the
Kurdish rebellion. Most of the inhabitants of the city had fled to the mountains. When the American forces arrived, they described the town as a
404:
informant from Zakho, Me'allim Levi, Zakho was established in 1568 by
Slivani tribesmen, whose territory was stretched south of the location of the town. The family of
1411:
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Due to its strategic location and the abundance of job opportunities, Zakho has attracted many workers and job seekers from different parts of Iraq and even from
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The town is also the site of Zakho castle, of which today only the tower remains, and of Qubad Pasha castle, a hexagonal structure in Zakho cemetery.
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654:, they had a unique and rich oral tradition, known for its legends, epics and ballads, whose heroes came from both Jewish and Muslim traditions.
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commented: "The appearance of Zakho in the present day coincides in a remarkable manner with what it was described to be in the time of
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are mentioned in the Bible as one of the places to which the
Israelites were exiled (1 Chronicles, 5:26, 2 Kings 17:6, 2 Kings 18:11).
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Zakho Castle lies in the city centre on the western bank of the Khabur. It served as the governor's house in the reign of the
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1996:
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and was enlarged by Prince Ali Khan. It was built on the ruins of an older castle. Today, only the castle's tower remains.
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1989:
1017:, where only the top 16 Iraqi football clubs play. Zakho FC has its own stadium with a capacity of 20,000 seats.
650:
Most of the Jews relocated to Israel in the 1950s. While the Jews of Zakho were among the least literate in the
480:
Iran, in the north of
Piranshahr city and flows south-west through Iraq to join the Tigris north of the town of
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ordained as a rabbi, a shohet (ritual slaughterer), or a mohel (a person authorized to perform a circumcision).
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In Norman A. Stillman, Ed., Encyclopedia of Jews in the
Islamic World, Vol. 4 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), 659-661
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up until the middle of the nineteenth century, when it was divided into three dioceses: Amadia, Zakho, and
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and Turkey. Trade with Turkey is now the major element of the economy. Oil drilling began in 2005.
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The Qubad Pasha Castle, in Zakho's cemetery, is hexagonal, with six windows and an entrance gate.
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with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
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area of Iraq today. Its sister, the Little (or Lower) Zab rises in north-western part of
1356:
Mordcechai Zaken, Jewish Subjects and their Tribal Vhieftains in Kurdistan, 2007: 33-35.
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Jiyana rewşenbîrî û sîyasî ya Kurdan: di dawîya sedsala 19'a û destpêka sedsala 20'a da
515:
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river, which flows west through the modern city to form the border between Iraq and
345:
The population of the town rose from about 30,000 in 1950 to 350,000 in 1992 due to
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who had connections to the base and who feared reprisals. Many of them were given
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2012:
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2541:
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2195:
1821:
1417:. School of advanced military studies, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Archived from
549:
maintained four bases in Zakho District, under an agreement concluded with the
504:
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327:
192:
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1967:
1954:
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Travelers and local rabbis referred to Zakho as the 'Jerusalem of Kurdistan.'
871:
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134:
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2506:
1729:"Unwitting Zionists: The Jewish Community of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan p.28"
1706:"Unwitting Zionists: The Jewish Community of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan p.48"
1246:
A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary: Dialects of Amidya, Dihok, Nerwa and Zakho
1101:
546:
405:
4409:
4276:
4163:
4120:
4007:
3974:
3911:
3752:
3656:
3252:
2753:
2391:
2385:
2022:
1679:
1478:"Iraqi Kurdish Paper Says Turkish Military Bases Inside Kurdistan Region"
539:
496:
481:
1654:
1505:"Kurdish leader: Clerics 'instigated ... acts of sabotage,' wounding 25"
606:, with the first Armenian church in the city being established in 1923.
457:
In Islamic history it is perhaps best remembered as the location of the
4449:
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4203:
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3616:
3510:
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401:
391:
364:. Other important rivers in the area are the Zeriza and the Seerkotik.
1752:"Unwitting Zionists: The Jewish Community of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan"
1198:Արեւմտահայաստանի եւ Արեւմտահայութեան Հարցերու Ուսումնասիրութեան Կեդրոն
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426:
220:
1601:
Unwitting Zionists: The Jewish Community of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan
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4316:
4067:
4027:
4017:
3848:
3646:
3490:
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2643:
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2344:
1029:
1010:
999:
640:
500:
418:
19:
This article is about a city in northern Iraq. For other uses, see
1981:
4193:
4173:
3931:
3742:
3689:
3685:
3543:
3470:
3267:
3078:
2986:
2379:
2301:
2181:
582:
4419:
4213:
4183:
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3838:
3805:
3795:
3563:
3334:
3173:
3108:
2959:
2763:
2692:
2665:
2648:
1193:
602:. The Armenians of Zakho established their community after the
361:
357:
352:
The original settlement may have been on a small island in the
339:
1152:
4336:
4286:
4037:
3984:
3775:
3679:
3606:
3553:
3500:
3324:
3272:
2687:
2571:
1220:"زاخو | كوردستان المدهشة - الموقع الرسمي للسياحة في كوردستان"
1037:
1013:(Zakho FC) was founded in 1987. The sports club plays in the
965:
599:
527:
446:
346:
317:
429:
as well as rice, oil, sesame, wax, lentils and many fruits.
4100:
3954:
3533:
3058:
3037:
1776:"Changes in the oral tradition among the jews of kurdistan"
162:
1412:"Operation Provide Comfort: a model for future operations"
4429:
1509:
994:
In 2007, the UNHCR reported that there were still 10,000
3032:
542:, with Zakho losing many of its most educated citizens.
472:
The river forms the approximate political boundary of
1369:. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. 21 July 2009
264:
1927:
Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens
674:) with very hot, dry summers, and cool wet winters.
284:
1787:. Contemporary Jewry - Springer Netherlands: 2–10.
1870:"GOVERNORATE ASSESSMENT REPORT: DAHUK GOVERNORATE"
1774:
1552:The Neo-Aramaic Oral Heritage of the Jews of Zakho
1032:) won the Kurdistan Basketball Super Cup and beat
526:in Zakho in 1996, they evacuated several thousand
390:, was buried there in 1779. His grave was still a
1389:"Foreign oil deal renews debate on Kurd autonomy"
1326:
1324:
1064:(b. 1948), Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon
4463:
1058:(b. 1944), Israeli former general and politician
491:established by the British and the Americans in
400:According to an oral tradition transmitted by a
1480:. iStockAnalyst. 1 August 2008. Archived from
1321:
578:Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Amadiyah and Zaku
3018:
1997:
2021:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the
1604:. Wayne State University Press. p. 44.
989:
643:, the language spoken by non-Jewish Kurds.
564:-owned businesses, were sparked by Kurdish
3025:
3011:
2004:
1990:
1894:"Zakho wins Kurdistan basketball Super Cup
1243:
1836:
1409:
1330:
998:in the Zakho district as a result of the
349:fleeing from other areas of the country.
338:. Zakho is known for its celebrations of
1945:Iraq Image - Zakho Satellite Observation
1442:
1019:
977:
955:
581:
441:Joint forces headquarters in Zakho, 1993
436:
1502:
1153:Celilê Celil, Dzhalile Dzhalil (1985).
964:One of Zakho's famous landmarks is the
4464:
1920:
1749:
1726:
1703:
1597:
3006:
1985:
1548:
1532:"Maryam Alazra church –Zakho – Kesta"
1503:Tawfeeq, Mohammed (3 December 2011).
487:In 1991, Zakho was the centre of the
1772:
1302:
1284:http://www.zaxo.at/index.php?page=32
334:, located a few kilometers from the
310:
274:
4502:Historic Jewish communities in Iraq
2011:
1555:. Open Book Publishers. p. 4.
1496:
637:Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
616:Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
302:
257:
13:
4492:Populated places in Dohuk Province
3138:
452:
14:
4518:
1938:
1846:. Kurdawary. 2004. Archived from
1575:
1258:
1043:
620:Zakho was formerly known for its
545:In 2008 it was reported that the
432:
2985:
2973:
2930:Assyrian Democratic Organisation
2083:
2072:
2061:
1271:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8099
518:killed over 50 people. When the
155:
93:
86:
60:
4507:Yazidi populated places in Iraq
1887:
1862:
1814:
1766:
1743:
1720:
1697:
1672:
1647:
1622:
1591:
1569:
1542:
1524:
1470:
1436:
1403:
1381:
1359:
1350:
1303:Bell, Gertrude Lothian (1924).
596:large Chaldean Catholic diocese
571:
372:For a chronological guide, see
2596:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
2459:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
1933:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
1773:Shai, Donna (9 October 2008).
1754:. Wayne State University Press
1731:. Wayne State University Press
1708:. Wayne State University Press
1630:"BibleHub | I Chronicles 5:26"
1296:
1277:
1252:
1237:
1212:
1200:(in Armenian). 19 October 2010
1186:
1161:
1146:
1124:
1092:List of largest cities in Iraq
336:Ibrahim Khalil border crossing
28:City in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
1:
2340:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
1446:A modern history of the Kurds
1367:"KDP Flexes Muscles in Dohuk"
1117:
672:Köppen climate classification
594:The city was the center of a
474:Kurdistan Regional Government
94:
4482:Assyrian communities in Iraq
2950:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)
2925:Assyrian Democratic Movement
1391:. USA Today. 9 December 2005
1331:Campanile, Giuseppe (1953).
996:internally displaced persons
951:
538:, this constituted a sudden
318:
285:
7:
4497:Kurdish settlements in Iraq
2935:Assyrian Universal Alliance
2161:Assyrian Church of the East
2136:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
2130:Assyrian Evangelical Church
2053:Terms for Syriac Christians
1410:Cavanaugh, John P. (1992).
1080:
1076:(1960–1986), Kurdish singer
1070:(1957–1986), Kurdish singer
800:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
730:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
265:
10:
4523:
3136:
2945:Syriac Union Party (Syria)
2167:Ancient Church of the East
1914:
1157:(in Kurdish). p. 154.
943:
680:
657:
613:
609:
575:
394:destination in the 1950s.
371:
367:
202:440 m (1,440 ft)
18:
4487:Cities in Iraqi Kurdistan
4477:District capitals of Iraq
4386:
4233:
4140:
4089:al-Qādisiyyah Governorate
4087:
3994:
3941:
3888:
3865:al-Mejar Al-Kabi District
3815:
3762:
3719:
3666:
3583:
3520:
3447:
3384:
3301:
3203:
3150:
3045:
2968:
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2609:
2522:
2451:
2358:
2299:
2282:
2239:
2180:
2145:
2108:
2097:
2059:
2030:
2019:
1052:(b. 1938), Jewish scholar
1024:Football Stadium of Zakho
1005:
869:
799:
729:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
534:in the USA. According to
493:Operation Provide Comfort
415:William Francis Ainsworth
413:. In 1844, the traveller
294:
229:
219:
211:
206:
198:
188:
178:
168:
150:
135:37.1436111°N 42.6819111°E
115:
81:
53:
46:
33:
4235:Sulaymaniyah Governorate
2465:Muslim conquest of Syria
2155:Chaldean Catholic Church
1443:McDowall, David (2004).
1097:Zakho (Chaldean Diocese)
990:Population displacements
639:and were also fluent in
628:The banks of the nearby
3434:Suq al-Shuyukh District
3311:Abu Al-Khaseeb District
2992:Christianity portal
2955:Syriac Military Council
2554:Massacres of Diyarbekir
2489:Principality of Antioch
2442:Byzantine–Sasanian wars
2249:Assyrian folk/pop music
1875:. UNHCR. September 2007
1333:"Histoire du Kurdistan"
1028:Zakho Basketball Club (
681:Climate data for Zakho
662:Zakho has a hot-summer
326:, at the centre of the
3825:Ali Al-Gharbi District
3361:Shatt Al-Arab District
3144:
2710:Al-Hasakah Governorate
2548:Massacres of Badr Khan
2322:Middle Assyrian Empire
2124:Syriac Catholic Church
2118:Syriac Orthodox Church
1907:, retrieved 2014-01-30
1025:
983:
961:
591:
442:
360:, continuing into the
140:37.1436111; 42.6819111
21:Zakho (disambiguation)
4436:al-Nu'maniya District
4373:Sulaymaniyah District
4253:Darbandikhan District
4014:al-Hamdaniya District
3961:al-Manathera District
3875:Qal'at Saleh District
3749:Ain Al-Tamur District
3507:al-Miqdadiya District
3394:al-Chibayish District
3142:
2578:Independence movement
2334:Post-imperial Assyria
2310:Early Assyrian period
1922:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
1750:Gavish, Haya (2009).
1727:Gavish, Haya (2009).
1704:Gavish, Haya (2009).
1598:Gavish, Haya (2010).
1293:retrieved 15 May 2011
1262:Encyclopedia of Islam
1259:Sabar, Y. "Zāk̲h̲ū".
1169:"List of all entries"
1023:
981:
959:
664:Mediterranean climate
585:
440:
231: • Summer (
76:flowing through Zakho
4396:Al-Aziziyah District
3971:al-Meshkhab District
3908:al-Rumaitha District
3890:Muthanna Governorate
3855:al-Maimouna District
3218:al-Istiqlal District
2254:Music of Mesopotamia
2201:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
2196:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1194:"ԻՐԱՔՅԱՆ ՔՈՒՐԴԻՍՏԱՆ"
1062:Louis Raphaël I Sako
1015:Iraqi Premier League
4446:al-Suwaira District
4363:Sharbazher District
4243:Chamchamal District
4200:al-Shirqat District
4142:Saladin Governorate
4127:al-Shamiya District
3996:Nineveh Governorate
3898:al-Khidhir District
3729:al-Hindiya District
3721:Karbala Governorate
3668:Halabja Governorate
3613:Koy Sinjaq District
3424:al-Shatrah District
3386:Dhi Qar Governorate
3341:al-Midaina District
3223:al-Mada'in District
3213:Abu Ghraib District
3205:Baghdad Governorate
3190:al-Musayab District
3180:al-Mahawil District
2560:Rise of nationalism
2501:Jalayirid Sultanate
2328:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2316:Old Assyrian period
2259:Syriac sacral music
2079:Aramean-Syriac flag
2038:Assyrian continuity
1964: /
1244:Yona Sabar (2002).
1112:Zakho resort attack
1011:Zakho Football Club
635:The Jews spoke the
590:Cathedral in Zakho.
322:) is a city in the
131: /
4353:Sharazoor District
4343:Saidsadiq District
3928:al-Samawa District
3918:al-Salman District
3817:Maysan Governorate
3764:Kirkuk Governorate
3477:al Khalis District
3457:Balad Ruz District
3449:Diyala Governorate
3414:al-Rifa'i District
3404:Nasiriyah District
3371:al-Zubair District
3243:al-Tarmia District
3228:Mahmudiya District
3160:Hashimiya District
3145:
3040:and their capitals
2980:History portal
2422:Church of the East
2211:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
2048:Chaldean Catholics
1899:2014-03-07 at the
1850:on 25 October 2009
1793:10.1007/BF02965657
1781:Contemporary Jewry
1549:Aloni, Oz (2022).
1306:Amurath to Amurath
1289:2011-07-06 at the
1173:Assyrian Languages
1026:
984:
982:Sharansh waterfall
962:
592:
516:1995 Zakho bombing
478:Kurdistan province
443:
212: • Total
4459:
4458:
4388:Wasit Governorate
4323:Qaradagh District
4107:Diwaniya District
4074:Tel Kaif District
4064:Tel Afar District
4004:al-Ba'aj District
3943:Najaf Governorate
3845:al-Kahla District
3643:Shaqlawa District
3633:Mergasor District
3585:Erbil Governorate
3522:Duhok Governorate
3487:Khanaqin District
3351:al-Qurna District
3303:Basra Governorate
3170:Al-Hilla District
3152:Babil Governorate
3125:ar-Rutba District
3095:al-Qa'im District
3065:Fallujah District
3047:Anbar Governorate
3000:
2999:
2911:
2910:
2627:
2605:
2604:
2572:Assyrian genocide
2471:Abbasid Caliphate
2293:
2176:
2175:
2043:Assyrian diaspora
1968:37.150°N 42.683°E
1611:978-0-8143-3366-2
1562:978-1-80064-304-8
1484:on 4 October 2011
1087:Assyrians in Iraq
1056:Yitzhak Mordechai
968:, made of stone.
948:
947:
604:Armenian genocide
560:, which targeted
459:Battle of the Zab
374:Timeline of Zakho
332:Dohuk Governorate
316:
283:
263:
243:
242:
183:Dohuk Governorate
4514:
4303:Penjwen District
4190:Samarra District
4170:al-Daur District
4044:Shekhan District
3869:Al-Mejar Al-Kabi
3739:Kerbala District
3696:Khurmal District
3686:Halabja District
3623:Makhmur District
3540:Amadiya District
3467:Ba'quba District
3075:Haditha District
3027:
3020:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2990:
2989:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2623:
2616:
2615:
2590:Post-Saddam Iraq
2416:Nestorian schism
2410:Christianization
2382:(132 BCE–244 CE)
2376:(247 BCE–224 CE)
2336:(609 BCE–240 CE)
2297:
2296:
2287:
2147:East Syriac Rite
2110:West Syriac Rite
2106:
2105:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1934:
1932:
1908:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1822:"CLIMATE: ZAKHO"
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1680:"II Kings 18:11"
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1626:
1620:
1619:
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1589:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:www.ishtartv.com
1528:
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1465:
1463:
1440:
1434:
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1423:
1416:
1407:
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1400:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1378:
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1374:
1363:
1357:
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1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
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1328:
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1318:
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1274:
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1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1128:
678:
677:
558:2011 Dohuk riots
551:Iraqi Government
514:The 27 February
324:Kurdistan Region
321:
315:romanized:
314:
312:
304:
296:
288:
278:
276:
268:
262:romanized:
261:
259:
236:
173:Kurdistan Region
161:
159:
158:
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
107:Location in Iraq
97:
96:
90:
64:
31:
30:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4416:al-Hai District
4382:
4313:Pshdar District
4229:
4210:Tikrit District
4180:Dujail District
4136:
4083:
4054:Sinjar District
3990:
3937:
3884:
3811:
3802:Kirkuk District
3792:Hawija District
3758:
3715:
3706:Sirwan District
3662:
3593:Choman District
3579:
3560:Simele District
3516:
3443:
3380:
3331:al-Faw District
3321:Basrah District
3297:
3247:
3199:
3146:
3134:
3105:Ramadi District
3041:
3031:
3001:
2996:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2907:
2782:
2759:Mardin Province
2622:
2601:
2584:Simele massacre
2518:
2447:
2412:(1st to 3rd c.)
2394:(64 BCE–637 CE)
2388:(66 BCE–217 CE)
2374:Parthian Empire
2368:Seleucid Empire
2360:
2354:
2350:Assyrian tribes
2318:(2025–1364 BCE)
2312:(2600–2025 BCE)
2291:
2289:
2286:
2278:
2235:
2188:
2172:
2141:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2026:
2015:
2013:Assyrian people
2010:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1941:
1930:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1901:Wayback Machine
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1655:"II Kings 17:6"
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1291:Wayback Machine
1282:
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1213:
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1151:
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1130:
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1125:
1120:
1107:Yazidis in Iraq
1083:
1046:
1008:
992:
973:Badinan Emirate
954:
949:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
660:
618:
612:
580:
574:
495:to protect the
455:
453:Islamic history
435:
377:
370:
307:Lishanid Noshan
248:, also spelled
230:
156:
154:
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
111:
110:
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77:
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68:
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66:
65:
49:
42:
39:
36:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4406:Badra District
4403:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4333:Ranya District
4330:
4320:
4310:
4300:
4293:Mawat District
4290:
4283:Kifri District
4280:
4273:Kalar District
4270:
4263:Dokan District
4260:
4250:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4160:Balad District
4157:
4150:Baiji District
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4124:
4117:Hamza District
4114:
4104:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4071:
4061:
4051:
4041:
4034:Mosul District
4031:
4024:Hatra District
4021:
4011:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3981:Najaf District
3978:
3968:
3958:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3915:
3905:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3835:Amara District
3832:
3821:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3799:
3789:
3782:Dibis District
3779:
3772:Daquq District
3768:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3725:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3676:Byara District
3672:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3653:Soran District
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3603:Erbil District
3600:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3570:Zakho District
3567:
3557:
3550:Duhok District
3547:
3537:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3497:Kifri District
3494:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3438:Suq Al-Shoyokh
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3315:Abu Al-Khaseeb
3307:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3115:Rawah District
3112:
3102:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3062:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2982:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2886:United Kingdom
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2639:Nineveh Plains
2630:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2566:Adana massacre
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2542:Schism of 1552
2539:
2536:Ottoman Empire
2533:
2530:Safavid Empire
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2477:Emirs of Mosul
2474:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2324:(1363–912 BCE)
2319:
2313:
2306:
2304:
2294:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1973:37.150; 42.683
1948:
1947:
1940:
1939:External links
1937:
1936:
1935:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1886:
1861:
1835:
1824:. Climate-Data
1813:
1765:
1742:
1719:
1696:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1610:
1590:
1568:
1561:
1541:
1523:
1495:
1469:
1455:
1435:
1424:on 4 June 2011
1402:
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1248:. p. 156.
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1079:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1068:Erdewan Zaxoyî
1065:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1044:Notable people
1042:
1007:
1004:
991:
988:
953:
950:
946:
945:
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690:
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682:
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659:
656:
611:
608:
573:
570:
566:Muslim clerics
553:in the 1990s.
536:David McDowall
505:Saddam Hussein
454:
451:
434:
433:Recent history
431:
411:ancient Greeks
369:
366:
328:Zakho District
241:
240:
237:
227:
226:
223:
217:
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193:Zakho District
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147:
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3:
2:
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4371:
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4264:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4221:
4220:Tooz District
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
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4139:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4097:Afak District
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3951:Kufa District
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3829:Ali Al-Gharbi
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:Akre District
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:Shatt al-Arab
3362:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:Taji District
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3164:Al Hashimiyah
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3055:Anah District
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:United States
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:Buyid amirate
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:Roman Assyria
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:(911–609 BCE)
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2231:Syriac script
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2090:Chaldean flag
2086:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2068:Assyrian flag
2064:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:Kurdish Globe
1902:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1871:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1823:
1817:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1753:
1746:
1730:
1723:
1707:
1700:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:Sabar, Yona.
1572:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1458:
1456:9781850434160
1452:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
997:
987:
980:
976:
974:
969:
967:
958:
942:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
873:
872:precipitation
868:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
798:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
728:
684:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
655:
653:
648:
644:
642:
638:
633:
631:
626:
623:
617:
607:
605:
601:
597:
589:
584:
579:
569:
568:in the town.
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:military base
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
450:
448:
439:
430:
428:
422:
420:
416:
412:
407:
403:
398:
395:
393:
389:
388:Poldo Soldini
385:
381:
380:Gertrude Bell
375:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:Little Khabur
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
308:
300:
292:
287:
281:
272:
267:
255:
251:
247:
238:
234:
228:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
153:
149:
144:
126:42°40′54.88″E
123:37°08′37.00″N
116:Coordinates:
114:
89:
80:
75:
74:Little Khabur
63:
52:
45:
32:
26:
22:
4440:Al-Nu'maniya
4426:Kut District
4377:Sulaymaniyah
4257:Darbandikhan
4224:Tuz Khurmatu
4111:Al Diwaniyah
3965:Al-Manathera
3879:Qal'at Saleh
3573:
3511:Al-Miqdadiya
3398:Al-Chibayish
3143:Flag of Iraq
3085:Hit District
2675:
2507:Qara Qoyunlu
2370:(312–63 BCE)
2101:Christianity
1949:
1926:
1904:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1784:
1780:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1684:Biblehub.com
1683:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1659:Biblehub.com
1658:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1634:BibleHub.com
1633:
1624:
1615:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1508:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1445:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1419:the original
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1311:. Retrieved
1305:
1298:
1279:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1134:(in Kurdish)
1126:
1102:Zambil Frosh
1027:
1009:
993:
985:
970:
966:Delal Bridge
963:
960:Delal Bridge
874:mm (inches)
667:
661:
649:
645:
634:
630:Khabur River
627:
619:
593:
572:Christianity
555:
547:Turkish Army
544:
513:
486:
471:
461:between the
456:
444:
423:
406:Shamdin Agha
399:
396:
378:
351:
344:
249:
245:
244:
239:not observed
25:
16:City in Iraq
4400:Al-Aziziyah
4131:Al-Shamiya
3975:Al-Meshkhab
3912:Al-Rumaitha
3859:Al-Maimouna
3753:Ayn al-Tamr
3253:New Baghdad
2866:New Zealand
2861:Netherlands
2625:Settlements
2538:(1555–1917)
2515:(1453–1501)
2509:(1375–1468)
2503:(1335–1432)
2497:(1258–1335)
2491:(1098–1268)
2452:Middle ages
2392:Roman Syria
2386:Syrian Wars
2023:Middle East
1971: /
1879:6 September
1854:6 September
1806:6 September
1758:6 September
1735:6 September
1712:6 September
1488:6 September
1462:6 September
1428:6 September
1395:6 September
1373:6 September
1342:6 September
1313:6 September
1309:. Macmillan
1224:bot.gov.krd
1204:19 December
1138:18 December
1074:Eyaz Zaxoyî
600:Akra-Zehbar
586:St. George
540:brain drain
522:closed its
499:from being
497:Iraqi Kurds
179:Governorate
138: /
4466:Categories
4450:Al-Suwaira
4367:Sharbazher
4347:Said Sadiq
4247:Chamchamal
4204:Al-Shirqat
3902:Al-Khidhir
3733:Al-Hindiya
3617:Koy Sanjaq
3428:Al-Shatrah
3345:Al-Midaina
3184:Al-Mahawil
2749:Diyarbakır
2720:Tell Tamer
2715:Al-Hasakah
2611:By country
2523:Modern era
2513:Aq Qoyunlu
2485:(945–1055)
2479:(905–1383)
2473:(750–1258)
2288:(including
2264:Folk dance
1828:21 January
1578:""Zakho,""
1516:4 December
1449:. Tauris.
1338:. Le Kréyé
1118:References
1050:Yona Sabar
622:synagogues
614:See also:
576:See also:
509:ghost city
392:pilgrimage
207:Population
4078:Tel Keppe
4048:Ain Sifni
3922:Al-Salman
3481:Al Khalis
3461:Balad Ruz
3418:Al-Rifa'i
3408:Nasiriyah
3375:Al-Zubair
3355:Al-Qurnah
3293:Sadr City
3283:Al Rashid
3263:Kadhimiya
3258:Adhamiyah
3232:Mahmudiya
3129:Ar-Rutbah
3034:Districts
2940:Dawronoye
2871:Palestine
2801:Australia
2774:Tur Abdin
2654:Tel Keppe
2574:(1914–20)
2562:(19th c.)
2544:(16th c.)
2532:(1508–55)
2495:Ilkhanate
2444:(502–628)
2438:(226–651)
2436:Asoristan
2406:(116–118)
2361:antiquity
2359:Classical
2292:contexts)
2189:languages
1801:143952535
952:Landmarks
944:Source:
520:U.S. Army
501:massacred
384:Dominican
280:romanized
221:Time zone
199:Elevation
4327:Qaradagh
4317:Qaladiza
4068:Tal Afar
4028:Al-Hadar
4018:Qaraqosh
4008:Al-Ba'aj
3849:Al-Kahla
3647:Shaqlawa
3637:Mergasor
3491:Khanaqin
3194:Musayyib
3099:Al-Qa'im
3069:Fallujah
2917:Politics
2788:Diaspora
2769:Mazıdağı
2725:Qamishli
2698:Sanandaj
2671:Shaqlawa
2659:Bartella
2644:Qaraqosh
2620:Homeland
2418:(5th c.)
2400:(15–116)
2398:Adiabene
2345:Arameans
2300:Ancient
2274:Clothing
2216:Hertevin
2031:Identity
1924:(1902).
1897:Archived
1287:Archived
1178:10 March
1081:See also
1034:Duhok SC
1030:Zakho SC
1000:Iraq War
870:Average
770:(104.0)
765:(104.7)
652:diaspora
641:Kurmanji
588:Chaldean
562:Assyrian
467:Abbasids
465:and the
463:Umayyads
427:gallnuts
419:Xenophon
291:Armenian
189:District
4357:Zarayan
4307:Penjwen
4194:Samarra
4174:Ad-Dawr
3932:Samawah
3743:Karbala
3700:Khurmal
3690:Halabja
3627:Makhmur
3544:Amadiya
3471:Baqubah
3278:Mansour
3268:Karrada
3249:Baghdad
3079:Haditha
2903:Uruguay
2896:Detroit
2851:Lebanon
2831:Germany
2826:Georgia
2816:Finland
2806:Belgium
2796:Armenia
2744:Hakkari
2598:(2014–)
2592:(2003–)
2580:(1919–)
2550:(1840s)
2380:Osroene
2302:Assyria
2290:related
2284:History
2269:Cuisine
2241:Culture
2182:Aramaic
2169:(1968–)
2163:(1692–)
2157:(1552–)
2138:(1940–)
2132:(1870–)
2126:(1662–)
1959:42°41′E
1956:37°09′N
1915:Sources
1689:20 July
1664:20 July
1639:20 July
1584:: 660.
1229:17 June
939:(31.6)
865:(54.3)
860:(39.0)
855:(47.1)
850:(56.7)
845:(66.6)
840:(73.8)
835:(74.7)
830:(68.2)
825:(59.0)
820:(50.2)
815:(43.0)
810:(37.6)
805:(35.4)
795:(77.3)
790:(54.1)
785:(66.9)
780:(82.2)
775:(96.3)
760:(97.2)
755:(84.4)
750:(71.2)
745:(61.7)
740:(54.0)
735:(50.4)
670:in the
658:Climate
610:Judaism
368:History
330:of the
282::
254:Kurdish
215:500,000
151:Country
4420:Al-Hay
4214:Tikrit
4184:Dujail
4058:Sinjar
3839:Amarah
3806:Kirkuk
3796:Hawija
3710:Sirwan
3597:Choman
3564:Simele
3335:al-Faw
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