Zanempilo Community Health Care Centre

372: 248: 535:, on the 17 October 1977, all black consciousness organisations including the BCPs were banned. Two days after this ban, authorities confiscated all the assets of the clinic. They also destroyed the leather work factory and placed the Zanempilo clinic under government control. Additionally, all clinic programmes were cancelled, it no longer offered 24 hour care, it was not open on weekends, it lost supplies and no longer provided ambulatory services. 368:

were mostly women who were either domestic workers or relied on their husbands' wages from mining. Research and statistics done be ZCHCC staff found that the "average" Zinyoka family consisted of an average of 6 people. Each family earned an income of R5-R10 per week and the families consisted mostly of women and children. Most of the men were over the age of 50 (as younger men were at work).

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facility, but also as a political meeting point, training ground for activists, community centre to discuss problems and place of events and celebrations. The facility had many visitors ranging from neighbouring villagers, political activists, businessmen, philanthropists, international visitors and the security police.

329:, operated from 1974 to 1977 and aimed to improve the physical health of the community, assist with economic growth and restore a sense of dignity for black people. It took an holistic approach to treating health problems in the community by considering the environment and living conditions of the patients. The 493:

These services were available 24 hours a daty, 7 days a week and throughout the year. The facility expanded and was fully equipped with beds, flushing toilets, electricity and clean water, amenities that many of the residents of Zinyoka were unaccustomed to. Zanempilo not only functioned as a health

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was the regional director of the BCP. After his expulsion from medical school, the government restricted Biko to King William's Town in the hopes of ending his influence. However, Biko joined the BCP and directed his political activity there. The government was unaware for quite some time that the

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was mostly used for white patients. The hospitals that allowed black people were the Mission Hospital, Mt Coke Mission Hospital and St Matthews Mission which were far away and poorly resourced. The Zanempilo Community Health Care Centre mainly served people from the surrounding rural areas. These

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government were afraid that this clinic would cause conflict with the authorities. A rival clinic was built but it did not succeed. Other attempts to end the operations of the clinic included withholding the operating licence and not allowing the clinic access to free

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region experienced the negative effects of the migrant labour system, state neglect, decreasing agricultural sustainability (as many young skilled men had left to work in the mines), inadequate health services and an influx of people due to forced removals.

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is a qualified medical practitioner who worked at Mt Coke hospital and joined Zanempilo as the head medical officer. Dr. Ramphele was permanently on duty for the first year of the project and earned a salary of R600 per month. Ramphele was restricted to

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The village of Zinyoka in the Ciskei experienced all of these challenges with rural health clinics scattered approximately 20 kilometres apart. These clinics lacked medical supplies and staff members. Grey Hospital in

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time in Tzaneen, she created the Isutheng Community Health Programme which empowered women through growing vegetable gardens and other economically empowering activities. The Biko Heritage Trail which runs from

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Mr Flask was the local builder who rushed to have the clinic completed by the end of 1974. He also built the staff house where Ramphele lived for the reasonable cost of R4000.

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created a numerous political and community organisations like the Zanempilo Community Health Care Centre in order to expand the movement. At the time, residents in the

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Stanley Roji was the watchman of the clinic and reported police disguising themselves as sick patients in order to spy on the political activists in the clinic.

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and the Zanempilo Clinic. Currently, the "Biko Clinic" is functioning and in need of repairs. It serves 800 people per month in a community of 3500.

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The headman and chief in Zinyoka, Sidoko Sijama, under the chief of Tshatshu, was against the operations of the clinic. Many of the members of the

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decreased after the nutrition of the community improved. She also started a leather factory which provided many of the women with income.

646: 298: 293:(ZCHC), infamously known as the "Biko Clinic", was the first primary health care centre initiative outside of the public sector in 342: 73: 906: 901: 797: