Zebulon Vance - Knowledge

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vote by jerrymander or otherwise; there is no purchase of the floating vote in blocks of five, no ejection of colored children from white schools or colored men from theaters and barbers chairs, and where we may hope that, in the process of time and in the spread of intelligence and increased appreciation for the virtues of the negroes, one black man may soon be sent to Congress from the North; that some railroad attorney or millionaire will make room in the Senate of the United States for the colored brother; that one colored postmaster for a white town may be appointed in the North; that in the State of Kansas, the soil so prolific in friendships for the colored man, a respectable negro, duly nominated on the Republican ticket, may receive the full vote of his party, and not be scratched almost to the point of defeat by those who love him, as he was in Topeka; that one accomplished colored man may be sent abroad to represent his country in some other land than Hayti

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about creating normal schools, Vance says, "A school of a similar character should be established for the education of colored teachers, the want of which is more deeply felt by the black race even than the white. In addition to the fact that it is our plain duty to make no discrimination in the matter of public education…their desire for education is an extremely credible one, and should be gratified as far as our means will permit. In short, I regard it as an unmistakable policy to imbue these black people with a hearty North Carolina feeling and make them cease to look abroad for the aids to their progress and civilization, and the protection of their rights as they have been taught to do, and teach them to look to their State instead...."

1903:. To fund Gombroom, Vance used his wife's money and sold land in downtown Asheville that he inherited from his mother. Vance was embarrassed that his new wife had more money than he did. Weeks before their wedding, he wrote her, "Tell them the simple truth about me Darling, as I told it to you—that I am a poor man & ever likely to be. You may boast of nothing for me except my love for you. …I do hope they will all learn to love me." Nevertheless, Gombroon was completed in 1887 and became their main home when Vance's health declined. Surrounded by forests, it was "the ideal retreat in the mountains of North Carolina" and had gardens, orchards, and vineyards, along with a dairy, springhouse, and other outbuildings. 1648: 528: 1313: 2171: 1809: 1391:. By the early 1870s, Vance had a national reputation as an outstanding platform speaker. His style "was peculiarly his own". He had a remarkable ability to adapt "to every type of audience using local illustrations and interest, and his keen, sparkling wit… Like Lincoln, Vance was one of the few men who could successfully combine incessant jocularity with seriousness and get credit for seriousness". Some of his popular speeches were "The Humorous Side of Politics" and "The Demagogue". He also discussed the aspects of the Civil War in "The Last Days of the War in North Carolina" and "The Political and Social South During the War". 1801: 715: 2186: 1666: 418: 7034: 1545:

treated as though we were out of the Union, and our State governments were rebellious usurpations...You deposed our State governments and ejected from office every official, from Governor to township constable. and remitted us to a state of chaos...You disenfranchised at least ten percent of our citizens, embracing the wisest, best, and most experienced. You enfranchised slaves, the lowest and most ignorant; and you placed them over them as leaders of a class of men who have attained to the highest positions of infamy known to modern ages...

1490:. Many of the state's convicts were freed slaves arrested under North Carolina's vagrancy laws which essentially allowed the imprisonment of those without jobs. Having found a free labor source, Vance then had to resolve a cash shortfall—the State did not have the funds to both equip and transport the convicts. He turned to J. E. Rankin, chair of the Buncombe County Commission, asking that local elites provide the needed $ 25,000. When Rankin sent a negative reply, Vance wrote a heated response. He then asked the Federal government. 1431: 44: 1639:

Democratic Party into two parties as this would only benefit the Republicans. Vance also reminds everyone, "Since I have been your representative in the Senate I have both spoken and voted against that unjust legislation. At home, as you know, I never ceased to expose inequalities and to advise farmers to organize for resistance to it...My unfaltering confidence is in the true farmers of North Carolina, who as members of the Alliance will, I trust, not permit their noble order and their just cause to be perverted and debased."

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made is another and very different thing indeed...If we refuse to abide by the voice of the majority of our fellow Democrats, freely and unmistakably expressed in friendly convention, there is an end of all associated party effort in the government of our country; if we personally participate in that...convention and then refuse to abide by the decision of its tribunal...then there is an end of all personal honor among all men, and the confidence which is necessary to all combined efforts is forever gone.

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Historic Site held a two-day symposium, "Zebulon B. Vance Reconsidered." Kimberly Floyd, site manager of the Vance Birthplace and symposium co-convener said, "Zebulon Vance was a prominent figure in our state for four decades, and his is the story of both a hero and scoundrel." In August 2020, the Board of Trustees of the University of North Carolina at Asheville voted to rename Vance Hall because Vance "maintained racist stances that do not align with UNC Asheville’s core values." In October 2020, the

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upon the South would have made the fairest portion of the American continent a wilderness. In short, it would have been Africanized..." However, Vance was "glad to say that North Carolina is one of the States in the South where there is the least complaint of infringement of the colored man's rights, either at the ballot box or in the courts of justice...That there are instances of mistreatment and occasionally of cruelty to the negros now and then occurring in the South I candidly admit and regret."

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of compensation exists in politics as well as in other things...If we violate the laws of health we suffer bodily pains or early dissolution; if we violate the laws of society we suffer in public esteem; if we violate the laws of man we are subject to its pains and penalties; if we violate the laws of God, we will suffer the penalties of sin; if we violate the laws of nature we can reap none of the benefits which our knowledge of them now enables us to derive therefrom. So it is in politics....

2147:, and Raleigh. Thousands passed through the railroad car to pay their respects, filling it with a variety of flowers. Once the train arrived in Asheville, there were funeral services at First Presbyterian Church. Surviving members of Vance's Rough and Ready Guard led a procession of 710 carriages from the church to Riverside Cemetery where nearly 10,000 mourners attended his funeral and burial, including people he formerly enslaved. In 1890, the total population of Asheville was 10,235. 1626:

have taken place within ten years prior. The more of this talk, the better for the farmers. Their wrongs are so palpable that the justice of readdressing them will become more and more irresistible as the light is turned on. The policy of the farmers, being right now, is to keep within the right. Demand nothing that is illegal, ask nothing that is unreasonable." Vance also hinted that the sub-treasury scheme could be harmful to him and that the farmers should stand by their friend.

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the great civil war that occurred. They had no idea that 500,000 slaves would be liberated by that war, and still less of an idea that the 500,000 slaves would be forced into…absolute equality of citizenship...They had no idea that their institutions and work of their hand would ever be committed to ignorant and unlettered Africans for protection and preservation." Vance also pointed out North Carolina's successes in creating schools to educate the freed slaves.

1349:, who was accused of murdering his girlfriend Laura Foster in 1866. While he succeeded in having the trial moved from Wilkesboro to Statesville, believing Dula could not receive a fair trial in Wilkes County, Dula was nevertheless convicted and, although he was given a new trial on appeal, Dula was convicted again and hanged on May 1, 1868. To the end of his life, Vance maintained that Dula was innocent. This high–profile murder is the subject of the folk song " 1201:. Vance wrote to Sherman requesting a meeting, hoping to prevent the state's capital city from being pillaged. He requested safe conduct to discuss North Carolina surrendering to the Union. Two of Vance's men met with Sherman; although they did not reach an agreement about ending the war, they did save Raleigh. Sherman was willing to talk to Vance, but by then Vance had been called to meet with Confederate President 1415:, also notes that Vance established a relationship with Samuel Wittkowsky, a Jew and fellow Mason. When Vance was arrested, he was physically unable to walk to the train station and was only offered a mule by the federal troops; Vance was rescued from this humiliation by Wittkowsky who gave Vance a ride in his wagon. The two men's later friendship may have impacted Vance's perspective. 1713:

Therefore, he that increases the abundance of money benefits the production and enhances prices and wages, and he that contracts or diminishes the amount of this money depreciates everything which is for sale, including wages...The effect upon the well-being of mankind which would follow the destruction of one-half of this currency—it is impossible to accurately describe."

1732:, submitted to the US Congress's Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States, which published its report in 1872. In his affidavit, Hope states, " frequently heard it talked among the KKK members that Z. B. Vance was the chief of the State; do not know this of my own knowledge, have only heard it talked of." 1554:

elections, is to declare unmistakably that the people therein are incapable of self-government...For one, I can say, with unspeakable pride and absolute truth, that the people of North Carolina who sent me here are able, willing, and virtuous enough to fulfill these and all other higher functions of government; that they have ever done so since the keels of

1704:—gaining a reputation as an opposition senator. Vance was also against capitalistic monopolies and the government purchasing railroads and telegraph lines, as well as a monopoly by national banks. However, he did not believe railroads or other non-government entities should be allowed to own more public land than was needed for their primary function. 1273:. Samuel Wittkowsky, the man who gave prisoner Vance a wagon ride to the train station, noted that Vance was silently shedding tears at first. Then, wiping his eyes, Vance expressed concern for his wife and children who had no money to live on and worried about the "indignities" that North Carolina might suffer in the aftermath of the war. 1880:. Vance joined the church for the first time at the age of 48, choosing his wife's Presbyterian church. However, his wife Harriette died on November 3, 1878, after a long and painful illness, just one month after the death of Vance's mother. A train took Harriette's remains back to Asheville to be buried at Riverside Cemetery. 635:. In January 1844, his father died from a construction accident, forcing Vance to withdraw before the school year was over. Mira Vance sold much of the family's property to pay her husband's many debts and to support her seven children. As one writer noted, the family was "embarrassed with debt". She moved her family to nearby 1887:, with a twelve-year-old son. When she returned home three weeks later, the two were engaged. Based on the more than 100 letters Vance sent her over the next four months, this was a love match. Vance told a friend that Mrs. Martin was perfect for him except for her religion. He wrote, "Think of it! What 548: 2158:

Vance was buried by his first wife, Harriette, in Riverside Cemetery in the Vance family plot. Later, his second wife Florence had Vance moved to a grave in her family's plot in Riverside Cemetery. Vance's children, who were all born to his first wife, successfully petitioned to court to return Vance

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in Asheville, reaching the degree of Master Mason on June 20, 1853. When he moved to Charlotte after the Civil War, Vance attended Phalanx Lodge No. 31. That lodge quickly grew in size with Vance's membership. In 1867, Vance co-founded the Excelsior Lodge No. 261 as the second lodge in Charlotte with

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Similarly, in a review of Vance's writings of the era, historian Milton Ready notes, " embraced the racial stereotypes of the time that deemed newly freed blacks inferior. Yet he loathed the Reconstruction-era Ku Klux Klan, condemning its members as cowards and 'ruffians,' its intimidating methods as

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Vance supported increasing the volume of currency and silver coinage; at the time, the amount of paper and coin money released could not exceed the gold in the treasury. Vance made his last speech in the Senate on September 1, 1893, speaking against House Bill 1, regarding the unconditional repeal of

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In a speech on January 30, 1890, regarding Senate Bill 1121, which authorized people of color to emigrate from Southern states, Vance came close to speaking against slavery, saying, "Those of us in the South who had deprecated the war and deplored the agitation which led to it, as we sat in the ashes

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The new governments went to work, and in a short space of four years, they plundered those eleven Southern States to the extent of $ 262,000,000; that is to say, they took all that we had that was amenable to larceny...It would be well enough for Republican leaders to remember that the inflexible law

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Peace then came—no, not peace, but the end of war came—no not the end of war, but the end of legitimate, civilized war, and for three years you dallied with us. One day we were treated as though we were in the Union, and as though we had legitimate State governments in operation; another day, we were

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had been subjected to cruel treatment, including being overworked and whipped. Vance wrote that such conditions were "not to be tolerated for a moment" and requested immediate punishment of those who were guilty of "such disgraceful conduct." However, the state only provided seven cents a day to feed

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Holden, like Vance, was now a member of the Conservative Democratic Party of North Carolina, a coalition of former Whigs and Democrats who were against secession. Holden simply wrote that voters should "elect the man who defended their homes", noting that Johnston was at home tending to his railroads

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in March 1862. Although outnumbered four to one, Vance's troops held back the enemy for five hours and were the last Confederates to leave the battlefield. Vance wrote his wife praising the performance of his men.” Even in their 35-mile forced retreat, Vance showed bravery. He nearly drowned swimming

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When Congress proposed giving a $ 10,000 or 25% increase in fringe benefits to each representative in the next session, Vance spoke out. He said, "I do not think he is entitled to $ 10,000 more for miscellaneous items than I am myself...the whole bill reminds me very much of the bills I have seen of

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In 1890, at the age of sixty, Vance gave more speeches than in any other year of his life. His nervous affliction from his previous stroke became worse, and back in Black Mountain, he fell from a wagon. His doctors feared he would go blind if they did not surgically remove one eye to save the other.

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Regardless of what Vance was writing or saying, historian Joe T. Mobley says it is important to consider Vance's "acquiescence to the violence of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction." Vance also capitalized on "the tension created by the Klan in the mountain region to help the Conservatives sweep

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Many of our people, it is true, have objected to Mr. Cleveland and preferred that he should not have been nominated. I confess that I was among that number. But an individual preference before the nomination of a candidate is one thing and the duty of a true man after that nomination has been fairly

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Nonetheless, Vance's racial views showed when he talked about Reconstruction. He said, "The truth is, he began to prosper when the whites took control. Progress for him would have been impossible under his own rule as it was for the whites. Ten more years of such government as reconstruction fixed

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which requested federal funding to help educate the freed slaves in the South. Although, Vance says, "I admit that there is no special provision in the constitution or perhaps one looking directly toward it for public education. But the men who formed the constitution had no idea that there would be

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of 1868. Vance was depressed during this period and resented this limitation, especially since the same amendment that kept him out of the politics he loved also granted African American men citizenship and full political rights. Around 1868, he began supporting Conservative Party politicians, using

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The blockade runners also brought needed shoes, blankets, and medicine. Vance ensured that his state's soldiers were kept clothed by having women and children fashion new uniforms in their homes with material manufactured in the state's mills. As a result, North Carolina was the only state to clothe

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Samuel Wittkowsky, a Jewish intimate of Vance, wrote, "I speak for my race in North Carolina...the deceased has even by his words and writings demonstrated that he was their friend. His lecture on the Scattered Nation will ever remain green in the memory of my race, and will be one of the brightest

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About Vance, F. Lane Williamson wrote, "Did he moderate his racial views in later years? Perhaps, but who knows? It’s fair to say, though, that his legacy is that he set the stage for North Carolina to be perceived as at least somewhat more racially tolerant and culturally progressive than its Deep

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Furthermore, the organization's origins in North Carolina started with Vance. Because Vance was against tariffs which he felt enriched the few and impoverished the many, he encouraged North Carolina's farmers to organize so they could collectively defend themselves against outside forces. Later, he

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The millennium has not yet arrived in the land of reconstruction; the reign of perfect righteousness, of absolute justice, has not yet been established south of Mason and Dixon's line, though of course, it is in full operation north of that imaginary division. There is no suppression of the popular

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In 1878, Vance was again elected to the United States Senate where he became a leader of the Democratic Party. Although Vance fought for Southern interests while in the Senate, he showed "little bitterness" towards the North. As a result, he helped unify Congress which was still struggling with the

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Two years later, his message to the legislature announced that the Board of Education had created two normal schools—a summer institute at the University of North Carolina for white teachers and a new permanent institution, the State Colored Normal School, for black teachers at the Howard School in

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As a postwar governor, Vance was considered progressive for his era. He proposed agricultural reforms, the expansion of teacher training through normal schools, and the addition of more public schools, including separate but equal access for African Americans. In his 1877 message to the legislature

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Some have said that Vance left Raleigh when it was captured by Sherman and that his house in Statesville was a temporary state capitol. These claims emerged as part of a political attack against Vance by Republicans during the 1876 governor's race. There is no evidence that Vance conducted official

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He testified that the North Carolinians had joined on the understanding that they would be used only for local defense and that "the Confederate government did not keep faith with these local troops, who were transfer to the regular service in violation of their enlistment agreement." His testimony

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Plainly and unequivocally, common sense says keep the slave where he is now—in servitude. The interest of the slave himself imperatively demands it. The interest of the master, of the United States, of the world, nay of humanity itself, says, keep the slave in his bondage; treat him humanely, teach

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convinced Vance to join the newspaper as an editorial assistant. He predicted that Vance would have "a brilliant career in the editorial line". This weekly newspaper was published from 1853 to 1858 and was the leading Whig paper in the region. One of the stories Vance wrote was about the search for

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Although he was not on board for this solution to the farmer's needs, Vance nevertheless praised the Farmer's Alliance in correspondence to its president, noting, "For the past six months there has been more discussion upon the condition of the farmer and matters pertaining to their interests than

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in North Carolina. Some claimed Vance made concessions with this organization to gain reelection to the Senate because the Farmers' Alliance essentially served as a third political party at the time. On the flip side, Vance was accused of being insincere in his dealings with the Farmers' Alliance,

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Later on in his speech, Vance asked, "Was it the Union you fought for or political supremacy?" He pointed out that the nation has benefitted from the leadership of other political parties. He also said, "To suppose the States are either unable, unwilling, or too corrupt to hold peaceful and honest

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In his unpublished autobiography, Vance stated that his main reason for supporting the Confederate government was to preserve the institution of slavery. Historian Selig Adler wrote, "As war governor, Vance endeared himself forever to his people. He mitigated the horrors of war by insisting on the

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However, Vance was in favor of a secession convention so that the people of North Carolina could make their own decision. In March 1861, Vance traveled throughout North Carolina, trying to persuade the State not to follow South Carolina by seceding. In April, he was addressing a large crowd when a

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and received his county court license in Raleigh. He returned to Asheville where he practiced law. Vance said, "I went out to Court horseback, and carried a pair of saddle bags with a change of shirts and the North Carolina Form book...." Almost immediately, the Buncombe County magistrates elected

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announced plans to indefinitely imprison Southerners suspected of "disloyalty" without a trial, Vance refused to deprive North Carolinians of their constitutional rights, saying he would rather recall the state's soldiers fighting in Virginia and order them to protect his constituents by force if

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Similarly, he showed a dislike for the recurring Treasury deficit. Ignoring the figures and charts presented by his colleagues, Vance said, "As we are in debt, and spending more than our income, and our income is derived principally from the tariff, we have to do one of three things; either raise

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While a youth, Vance broke his thigh when he fell from a tree. This was treated by confining Vance in a box, as was common medical care at the time. As a result of this injury, his right leg was shorter, requiring him to wear a taller heel on the right shoe. Even so, it was said that Vance had "a

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Always a controversial political figure, Vance became even more of an issue in the early 21st century because of his connection to slavery and his history of racism. In September 2017, the University of North Carolina at Asheville's Department of History and the Zebulon B. Vance Birthplace State

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that was approved in 1890. Although noticeably weakened from illness, Vance spoke for two hours and gave what many consider the best speech of his career. Early in the speech, Vance simply explains, "When money is abundant prices are high; when money is scarce the prices of all products are low.

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When the North Carolina legislature stated that their appointed Senator for the 1891 term should vote for the sub-treasury scheme, Vance "positively and emphatically declined" to agree to be elected under such constraints. Rather than give up Vance, the legislature reworded their instructions to

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Another problem facing Vance was that this railroad was the greatest engineering challenge east of the Rockies, requiring a climb of some 1,000 feet (300 m) in just over 3 miles (4.8 km). One modern historian notes that the Blue Ridge railroad project became Vance's "personal crusade."

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noted that the convention was noteworthy for its hatred of the government and formerly enslaved people. After many calls from the attendees for him to speak, Vance spontaneously talked about his lack of prejudice toward the formerly enslaved, commending their conduct and fidelity during the war.

878:. For this campaign, he went on a fifteen-county speaking tour that "set the mountains on fire". Vance was elected for a term starting in December 1858. At 28 years old, he was the youngest member of Congress at the time. He was reelected in 1859 over his former political opponent David Coleman. 1506:

Despite Vance's intervention, at least 125 of the 558 convicts died because of inclement weather, inadequate housing, lack of food, and dangerous working conditions such as the cave-ins and accidents at the Swannanoa Tunnel that killed 21 people. Guards also shot men trying to escape. Historian

1422:" call for tolerance to Jews, Vance also made his prejudices clear, saying, " contrast to the Jews, the 'African negro' had contributed nothing to…the civilization of mankind" and that “laws and partisan courts alike have been used to force into an equality with those whom he could not equal." 1386:

While he was kept out of politics, Vance earned income in the lecture circuit. His first important lecture was "The Duties of Defeat" which he gave at the University of North Carolina's commencement on June 7, 1866. Shortly afterward, he was speaking in venues ranging from county fairs to large

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In a kindness not always seen by political opponents, the entire Senate voted to pay for a private secretary for Vance from their contingency funds. However, Vance's health continued to decline from 1890 through 1894. As travel was believed to be curative in the 19th century, he visited Egypt,

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Vance, who was dealing with poor health at the time, wrote a letter, rather than speaking in public, about the need for Democrats to fight the Republicans who want to limit rights given by the Constitution. Vance stated that the "situation is most critical" and cautioned against splitting the

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In his January 1879 address to the legislature, Vance acknowledged some problems with the convict labor program. However, he never acknowledged his role in the tragedy. What his voting public remembered was that the new railroad network transported supplies to farms and factories, and then to

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on August 3, 1853. They had five sons: Robert Espy Vance (born 1854, died young), Charles Noel Vance (born 1856), David Mitchell Vance (born 1857), Zebulon Baird Vance Jr. (born 1860), and Thomas Malvern Vance (born 1862). The family lived on a 5 acres (20,000 m) lot in Asheville, North

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who disappeared in June 1857, having fallen to his death while trying to prove which peak was the highest in North Carolina. Mitchell taught Vance geology at the University of North Carolina, and Vance immediately volunteered for the search party. His account of the search, published in the

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saying, "If, therefore, my fellow citizens believe that I could serve the great Cause better as Governor than I am now doing, and should see proper to confer this responsibility upon me without solicitation on my part, I should not feel at liberty to decline it, however conscious of my own

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of all our great men, and in the affections and love of the people, he towered above them all. As ages to come will not be able to mar the grandeur and greatness of Mount Mitchell, so they will not be able to efface from the hearts and minds of the people the name of their beloved Vance."

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Vance was reelected to the Senate in 1885 and 1891, serving until he died in 1894. During his tenure, he chaired the committee on enrolled bills, chaired the committee on privileges and elections, served on the joint committee of the library, and served on the finance committee during the

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Vance aspired to provide the state's troops with needed food, clothing, and weapons. He also demonstrated concern for the soldiers' families. He continued to operate salt works on the coast, selling the salt at one-third of its value and distributing salt supplies to every county for meat

1784:. The statement issued by Vance reads: "I opposed the Ku Klux from the start...refusing to have anything to do with such an organization on the grounds that it was a secret society...I not only refused to approve of it but made a speech in a certain county against such organizations." 947: 1377:

In 1870, the North Carolina legislature appointed Vance to the United States Senate, but because of the Fourteenth Amendment, he was not eligible to serve unless authorized by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Congress. Vance spent two years unsuccessfully petitioning the

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In reality, Vance believed in white supremacy. He said, "I am not only willing but anxious to have justice done them in everything, and to do all that may be required of me to aid them in the difficulties of their position; but I am not willing that they should rule my people."

1540:, in support of H.R. 2, which called for the removal of military oversight in Southern elections, the repeal of laws that gave Federal marshals control of Southern elections, and the removal of the requirement for Federal Court jurors to take the oath of allegiance. Vance said: 1168:

He was especially against the policy that allowed plantation owners and rich businessmen to avoid fighting by paying others to serve in their place, a practice described as creating "a rich man's war and a poor man's fight". Postwar, Vance testified in the hearing investigating

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starting in July 1851 and had a "brilliant academic year". One of his classmates, Major James W. Wilson, recalled Vance's arrival in Chapel Hill with "homemade shoes and clothes, about three inches of between pants and shoes, showing his sturdy ankles...." Another classmate,

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Although he did not always prepare fully for cases, Vance was skilled at reading the jury and remembering every detail of testimony. However, his success in court "was usually the result of wit, humor, boisterous eloquence, and clever retorts, not knowledge of the law."

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and President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers. At that moment, Vance recalled sadly changing into a secessionist, as he "preferred to shed northern rather than southern blood." On the spot, he shifted his speech to a call to fight for South Carolina. After the

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him Christianity, care for him in sickness and old age, and make his bondage light as may be; but above all, keep him a slave and in strict subordination; for that is his normal condition; the one in which alone he can promote the interest of himself or his fellows.

1453:. In 1876, Vance was elected to his third term of Governor as North Carolina. However, he only served two years of the four-year term. His swearing-in in 1877 was accompanied by festivities that began a tradition of lavish gubernatorial inaugurations in the state. 2488:

because of Vance, saying "Despite his family's hard times after the early death of his father, Zeb Vance managed to get an education, read law, and get himself elected governor by the age of thirty. I thought that Vance could counteract the stereotypes..."

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jewels in his ever-liberal, fair, and untarnished escutcheon. And I venture the assertion that in the history of North Carolina, no Israelite has cast a vote against Z. B. Vance." Annually on Vance's birthday for more than 75 years, the Jewish organization,

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Report of the Joint select committee appointed to inquire into the condition of affairs in the late insurrectionary states, so far as regards the execution of laws, and the safety of the lives and property of the citizens of the United States and Testimony

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In February 1865, Vance had a stroke that caused temporary paralysis and “the muscles of the left cheek and eye to occasionally jerk and twitch....” In October 1878, the Vances moved into a residence on Fayetteville Street in Raleigh, the former home of

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In 1953, Frontis W. Johnston wrote, "North Carolina has loved, idolized, and rewarded no other man in her history as she has Zebulon Baird Vance." Johnston also states that North Carolina's towns "swarmed with literally hundreds of little Zebulons."

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Carolina, purchased for $ 2,300 which came from Hattie's dowry. Vance enslaved six people—Isaac, Julia, Hannah, Marion, and two unnamed children—who cleaned the house, cooked, maintained the garden, did laundry, and helped rear the Vance children.

670:, wrote Vance "had a brain large and active; a memory tenacious, a nature overflowing with joyous love of fun, and to a surprising degree accurate information of many subjects and many authors." While at the university, Vance was a member of the 1772:

Horne writes, "Ex-Governor Zebulon Baird Vance was generally supposed to be the Grand Dragon of the Realm, and the testimony of the confessed Ku Klux was to the effect that within the Klan Vance was generally looked upon as the chief of state."

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to export North Carolina's cotton abroad. This yielded funds to provide food and money for the general population and to keep the mills open; the legislature was able to issue $ 6,000,000 for the care of impoverished citizens and keep the mills

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such as introducing a bill on their behalf with no effort made towards getting it passed. However, from the beginning, Vance tended to side with the masses, including the farming class. In addition, both Vance and the farmers agreed on the

1868:. However, Vance declined the offer. He said, "No, say to my friends that it would kill me in a few weeks to be obliged to behave as is required for a college president in order to furnish an example to the boys." He was a member of the 1891:

my Presbyterian friends say to me?" In reality, there were legitimate concerns that her religion could negatively impact his political career, but Vance was not deterred. They married on June 17, 1880, some six months after meeting, in

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also attended. For the service, Vance's desk and chair were draped in black, and the floral decorations included pine to represent North Carolina. The service was followed by a funeral procession to the Pennsylvania Railroad Station.

916:"We have everything to gain and nothing on earth to lose by delay, but by too hasty action we may take a fatal step that we never can retrace—may lose a heritage that we can never recover though we seek it earnestly and with tears.” 1634:

said, "There is no power on earth that could induce Vance to have accepted an office under conditions which he felt could be justly held to forfeit the affection and high esteem in which he is held to the people of his State."

1725:(KKK) emerged as an organization that engaged in terrorism and intimidation throughout the South, including North Carolina. Modern detractors and some modern biographers claim that Vance was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. 7319: 612:

to markets to the south and east. Although frequently short of cash, the family enslaved as many as eighteen people. Vance's family had an unusually large library for its era and location, left to them by an uncle.

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After the war, Vance practiced law in Statesville briefly before moving to Charlotte, North Carolina where he formed a practice with Clement Dow and R. D. Johnson. In addition to Charlotte, he had court cases in

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Board of Education voted to remove his name from its high school. In 2021, the City of Asheville and Buncombe County both voted to remove the Vance Monument from Pack Square in downtown Asheville. Also in 2021,

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of our own homes and scraped ourselves with potsherds of desolation, yet consoled ourselves for the slaughter of our kindred and the devastation of our fields by the reflection that this, at least, was the end;

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Despite his ambitious goal of completing the railroad in two years, Vance wanted the convicts to be treated well. In July 1877, he wrote the Penitentiary Board when he learned that convicts working on both the

1828:

Around 1851, Vance began to court Harriette "Hattie" Newell Espy, the orphaned daughter of Presbyterian minister Robert Espy. After he had passed the Bar and started a law practice, Vance married Harriette at

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When the Whig Party collapsed over the issue of slavery in 1854, Vance refused to join the primarily Southern Democratic Party or the anti-slavery Republicans, ultimately settling on the American Party or

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Thousands of people lined the railroad tracks "to pay their last respects to one whom they loved and admired very much" as the funeral train headed south and west and stopped at towns and cities such as

1507:

Gordan McKinney says, "This episode thereby qualifies as one of the most egregious industrial–construction disasters in Appalachian history." Yet, Vance continued to push for the grueling pace of work.

2800: 639:, bringing along enslaved women and children as household workers. However, the family still lacked the money to send Vance back to school in Tennessee. Instead, Vance and his brother Robert attended 2511: 5096:

Memorial Addresses on the Life and Character of Zebulon Baird Vance: (late a Senator from North Carolina) Delivered in the Senate and House of Representatives, Fifty-third Congress, Third Session

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request that Vance "use all honorable means" to secure financial reforms. Yet Vance was loath to accept any such conditions. In a letter written to a member of the legislature on April 1, 1897,

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that income, lower our expenses, or walk into the insolvent court and file our schedule. I do not think there is, or ever was, a political economist on earth who could deny these propositions."

786: 569:, and was baptized at the Presbyterian Church on Reems Creek. He was the third of eight children of Mira Margaret Baird and David Vance Jr., a farmer and innkeeper. His paternal grandfather, 1915:

England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Scotland. Vance told his son that he "was home-sick while abroad and that the trip had made him a better American." In January 1894, he visited

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Despite Vance's continued requests to Richmond for military reinforcements, he was ignored and North Carolina's defenses failed when 10,000 Union troops advanced on Kinston in December 1862.

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It also helped that Johnston's Democratic party could be blamed for "high prices, conscription, military defeats, suffering of the soldiers, and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus".

1864:

Vance donated to keep the University of North Carolina operating. In 1875 when the university reopened after the war, he was asked to be its president, following in the footsteps of former

1231:. On April 28, Vance gave a final proclamation to the people of his state, telling both civilians and soldiers "to retire quietly in their homes, and exert themselves in preserving order". 7299: 6875: 752: 846:'s specialty, and at every mention of his name it sputters and snaps and snarls like a cat with its tail in a steel trap. To question the correctness of his views on a public issue, the 511:, Vance favored the rapid modernization of the Southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North. In addition, he frequently spoke out against 1296:'s amnesty program. At the time, Vance's wife was very ill, and Johnson's sympathies lay with reuniting the family. He paroled Vance on July 6, 1865, after an imprisonment of 47 days. 7279: 4644: 1412: 1118:

To help solve the shortage of soldiers, Vance offered amnesty to all deserters who returned to service; large numbers of North Carolina's soldiers returned to active duty in 1863.

1010:, Virginia. The Confederates were not victorious, but Vance again showed "unflinching leadership". When North Carolina needed a new governor, his name was immediately mentioned. 7314: 5926: 964: 938: 7349: 620:

and, later, on the French Broad River. Both were far enough from home that he had to board with others. He also was a student at a school in Lapland run by Jane Hughey.

1911:, whom he sat next to in the Senate, "Misfortunes have their blessings, for surely no man can now deny that I have an eye single to the interests of my constituents." 1178:

questioned the legality of Pickett's decision to hang Confederate deserters who had later sided with the Union and put Pickett at risk of prosecution for war crimes.

6015: 1558:'s ships first grated upon the white sands of her shores; and God helping them, they and their children will continue to do so, if not destroyed by centralization…" 6868: 1883:

On January 21, 1880, Vance met Florence Steele Martin while attending a ball at the Riggs House hotel in Washington, D.C. Martin was a wealthy Catholic widow from

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Vance was formally pardoned on March 11, 1867; although no formal charges were filed against him before his arrest, during his imprisonment, or during his parole.

960: 1292:. Each man had an iron bed and chair. They had to pay for their meals which came from a local restaurant. Vance filed for parole on June 3, 1865, using President 4207: 727:

Vance as Solicitor of the Court of Pleas. He was admitted to the state's superior courts in 1853. In 1858, he became partners with attorney William Caleb Brown.

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This continues to be the largest margin of victory for a governor's race in the history of North Carolina. Vance was serving with the 26th in the trenches at

7294: 6244: 770:, and other great leaders of that party.” Whig policies were more beneficial to Western North Carolina and its smaller farms where Vance was from, while the 1073:

when he learned about the outcome of the election. He resigned his commission and traveled to Raleigh to become governor. At the time, he was 32 years old.

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showing a snowstorm depositing silver coins at the Capitol and the Department of Treasury with Vance and others gathering coins for a snowball fight. From

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This helped calm the North Carolina Democrats and the Confederate government who both feared Vance would rejoin the union or withdraw from the Confederacy.

2833:"UNC Asheville Board of Trustees Passes Resolution to Rename Vance and Hoey Halls, Calls for Task Force to Study and Review Names of All Campus Buildings" 6861: 3473:"Catalogue of the Members of the Dialectic Society Instituted in the University of North Carolina June 3, 1795, Together with Historical Sketches (1890)" 1854: 609: 1205:

and his cabinet in Charlotte, North Carolina. At that meeting, the Confederate government released Vance from any obligations to defend the Confederacy.

781:

While in the legislature, Vance worked on issues related to transportation in Western North Carolina, including introducing a bill for a public road in

6884: 6162: 6120: 1619: 1027:. Vance did not leave his troops to campaign, nor did he give any speeches or present a platform. Instead, he wrote a letter that was published in the 912:

from the union, preferring a strategy where both slavery and the union could be preserved. In writing to a friend, he advised caution about secession:

887:

fast young men at fashionable hotels: For two days board, $ 5, sundries, $ 50. It is like a comet, a very small body with an exceedingly great tail."

858: 7374: 7259: 7244: 640: 5814:

Meeting of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Nashville: Press of Foster & Webb, 1901. p. 87. Via Google Books. Accessed April 13, 2022.

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Next, Vance ran as a Whig candidate for the North Carolina Senate, winning with a term starting in December 1854. Vance was a Whig in the mode of

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in 1852, Vance became interested in his entry into politics. In 1853, he was a delegate representing Buncombe County at a railroad convention in

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Vance was also one of the nineteen original stakeholders in the Asheville Cemetery Company which purchased land and hired landscape architect

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Vance was a major proponent of individual rights and local self-government, often putting him at odds with the Confederate government. When

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At the time of his death, Vance had $ 152.07 in the bank; when his effects and property were sold, his estate totaled less than $ 5,000.

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During his third term as governor, Vance brought the railroad to Western North Carolina, finally realizing his dream from the meeting at

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For his inauguration on September 8, 1862, Vance's old regimental band, the Johnny Rebs, performed “Governor Vance’s Inauguration March”.

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However, Davis's report of Vance's association with the Klan is repeated in many credible books in the 20th century, such as historian

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Vance was reelected as governor in 1864, defeating former supporter, Unionist Democrat, and now peace candidate William Woods Holden.

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by many during his lifetime, Vance was also a slave owner and is now regarded as a racist by some modern historians and biographers.

406: 5351: 5038: 4584: 3902: 3533: 1622:. However, after investigating the sub-treasury scheme, Vance came to believe that it was both impracticable and unconstitutional. 7359: 6913: 6330: 6285: 5224: 5009: 4920: 4614: 4119: 1495: 5610: 7249: 4250: 1987: 1614:

introduced Senate Bill 2806, aka the sub-treasury scheme, at the request of North Carolina's first Commissioner of Agriculture,

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On May 29, 1865, William Woods Holden, Vance's former political opponent, was appointed governor of North Carolina by President

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in 1853. In his first message to the legislature on January 13, 1877, he suggested that convicts should be sent to work on the

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In 1862, Vance ran for governor as the "soldier's candidate" and easily won over secessionist Democrat William J. Johnston of

7329: 6390: 6315: 6257: 5511: 4765: 4454:

Epstein, Seth. 2019. “From Objects to Agents of Tolerance: Jews and Tolerance Talk in Asheville, North Carolina, 1894-1954.”

4006: 2031: 980: 671: 453: 5768: 3686: 658:. Swain was also an elementary schoolmate of Vance's mother. Swain arranged for a $ 300 loan for Vance from the university. 650:. In Asheville, Vance studied law under attorney John W. Woodfin. When he was 21 years old, Vance wrote to a family friend, 7369: 7304: 7093: 6230: 2747: 2102:, Richard Henry Battle who was Vance's personal secretary during his governorship, former North Carolina. Attorney General 1369:

In February 1868, Vance attended the North Carolina Conservation Convention, also called the Rebel Convention, in Raleigh.

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precedence of civil law, and stoutly protected the state from the uncomfortable militarism of the Confederate government."

503:

A prolific writer and noted public speaker, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and

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A small monument is located where his post-war home once stood at Sixth and College Streets, in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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in Florida while the Senate was in session. When he returned to Washington, D.C. in April 1894, he could no longer walk.

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The couple lived at 1627 Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C., but also started building a house called Gombroom in

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necessary. Davis did not risk challenging Vance; as a result, North Carolina was the only state to observe the right of

608:. There, David Vance operated a stand, providing drovers with provisions as they moved hogs and other animals along the 4178: 2411:

The "Brothers in Service" Civil War Trails marker in Weaverville, North Carolina is about Vance and his brother Robert.

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in Raleigh on August 22, 1900. It was moved from its original pedestal and relocated to Raleigh's Union Square in 1949.

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wreath at the Vance Monument in Asheville. This event began in the late 1930s was discontinued in the early 2000s.

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Gordon McKinney writes that Vance did publicly discuss the KKK in 1870 after a series of Ku Klux Klan incidents in

771: 395: 5536: 654:, asking for a loan to study law in college. Swain was a former North Carolina governor and then president of the 7334: 7274: 7264: 5897: 4225: 2606: 2070: 1761:, including fabricated descriptions of Klan costumes, giving reason to question any claims she made about Vance. 1487: 1483: 999:

75 yards across the flooded Bryce's Creek to get boats for his men—the three soldiers who swam with him drowned.

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The Historic Vance House and Civil War Museum is located in Statesville, North Carolina in his former residence.

7269: 6335: 4149: 2748:"More than 1,700 congressmen once enslaved Black people. This is who they were, and how they shaped the nation" 2084: 1995: 1900: 1821: 1729: 909: 723: 5427: 527: 7339: 7128: 6194: 6155: 2494: 2304: 1781: 1536:

In one of his earliest speeches before the Senate, Vance addressed an array of issues that had arisen during

1467: 1450: 1312: 1239: 1212: 782: 674:, which helped improve his oratory skills, as well as his ability to speak extemporarily. He also joined the 493: 433: 2401:

The "Zebulon B. Vance" North Carolina State Highway Historical Marker is in Buncombe County, North Carolina.

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and equip its regiments during the Civil War. Vance also shared surpluses with the rest of the Confederacy;

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Vance's first objective was to confine the Union troops in the eastern counties, hold the state's main port

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He also proposed a welfare system and kept the textile mills operational. To achieve this, Vance relied on

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Next, a funeral train took Vance's body to Raleigh, North Carolina for another service, and from there to

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was common. One modern writer suggests Vance's perspective may have been impacted by his involvement with

959:

On May 4, 1861, two weeks before North Carolina seceded, Vance raised a company of local men known as the

4896:"Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 18., The Southern Historical Society: its origin and history" 2294: 2205: 1869: 1709: 1701: 1247: 834:

after a year, but became half-owner of the newspaper. However, Hyman's steadfast support of Vance in the

805:. However, Vance lost his campaign for reelection to the North Carolina Senate in 1856 to David Coleman. 647: 566: 540: 1808: 6355: 6222: 6086: 6059: 2675: 2398:

The "Zeb Vance House" North Carolina State Highway Historical Marker is in Statesville, North Carolina.

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On April 14, 1894, Vance had another stroke, went into a coma, and died at his home in Washington D.C.

1334: 1254:

business in Statesville; rather, it seems he relinquished the office of governor once he left Raleigh.

1243: 1098: 740: 628: 617: 578: 383: 146: 5199: 4645:"Asheville Confederate Vance Monument to be 'replaced' by George Floyd hologram; Task force appointed" 2484:

with a fictionalized account of Vance's life told in the first person. She was also inspired to write

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signed an amnesty bill that included Vance. Vance ran for an open seat in the U.S. Senate but lost to

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During his address, Vance said he would "prosecute the war until the South obtained its independence".

7103: 6465: 6405: 4360: 4341: 2405: 2368: 2325: 2300: 2122: 2091: 2015: 2003: 1479: 1342: 1330: 1174: 1024: 995: 968: 748: 636: 5716: 714: 7309: 7098: 7068: 7058: 6817: 6420: 6345: 6320: 2429: 2375: 2342: 2268: 2103: 1800: 1224: 1194: 1137: 605: 4024:"Zebulon B. Vance: A Confederate Nationalist in the North Carolina Gubernatorial Election of 1864" 2457:

South neighbors, a tradition that held through the 20th–century and beyond until quite recently."

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fraternity. Vance received an LL.D in 1852 and repaid the loan from the university with interest.

646:

To help support his family, Vance worked for John H. Patton as a hotel clerk in Warm Springs, now

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Davis had a history of fakery and appears to have plagiarized a 1906 historical romance novel by

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Also, on January 19, 1895, the United States Senate opened its floor for orations in his honor.

7354: 6530: 6515: 6380: 5389:"Trespassing on White Supremacy: The Legacy of Establishment White Supremacy in North Carolina" 4079:

McKinney, Gordon B. “Zebulon Vance and His Reconstruction of the Civil War in North Carolina.”

2499: 2254: 2239: 2194: 2175: 2144: 2108: 2095: 1991: 1979: 1924: 1861:. In return, Vance received twenty grave plots and his choice of location within the cemetery. 1850:

Samuel Wittkowsky. However, Excelsior Lodge records show Vance as "Resident Mason—Not Member."

1338: 1326: 1270: 1228: 1003: 875: 871: 775: 756: 3283: 2801:"UNC-CH Confronts Its Past IN Bell Dispute Family Defends Ancestor After Racism Charges Arise" 2774: 908:

Despite his support for the institution of slavery, Vance was openly against North Carolina's

7384: 6978: 6853: 6787: 6727: 6692: 6672: 6570: 6560: 6540: 6525: 6475: 6310: 3222:

McKinney, Gordon B. “Zeb Vance and the Construction of the Western North Carolina Railroad.”

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Vance received 54,423 of 74,871 total votes, carrying all but twelve of the state's counties.

984: 927: 922: 570: 484:(May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 292: 2857: 2441:

The United Confederate Veterans Camp No. 681 was called the Zebulon Vance Camp in his honor.

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on October 14, 1928. The plaque is mounted on a large granite boulder that is part of the

1907:

The surgery was performed in early 1891, but he never returned to full health. Vance told

8: 7153: 6983: 6782: 6772: 6752: 6747: 6707: 6697: 6550: 6545: 6505: 6495: 5562: 5068: 4679:. Vol. 2. Washington, District of Columbia: Government Printing Office. p. 400. 4281: 3833:. North Carolina Government & Heritage Library at the State Library of North Carolina 3472: 2752: 2318: 2055: 2011: 1665: 1250:

where Mrs. Vance and their children were living, as he had no orders for Vance's arrest.

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Holden had been driven out of the Democratic Party in 1860 because he opposed secession.

7158: 7143: 7118: 7053: 6973: 6762: 6732: 6722: 6717: 6585: 6555: 6500: 6007: 5618: 5145:"Group files appeal after lawsuit to block Vance Monument's removal dismissed by judge" 4992: 4958: 4469:"North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper, state officials sworn in during inauguration ceremony" 4043: 3622:. Philadelphia: C. Robson & Company, 1880. p. 293 via Google Books, April 11, 2022. 3227: 2539: 2462: 2264: 2136: 2132: 2062: 1537: 1361:

Vance and other former Confederates were banned from returning to public office by the

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to his original burial site. Thus, Vance was buried three times in the same cemetery.

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that the great original wrong committed by our fathers had at last been atoned for....

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Republican-dominated Senate to seat him; he ended up resigning from the appointment.

1350: 976: 972: 766:. He wrote, “I was raised in the Whig faith, and taught to revere the names of Clay, 651: 582: 214: 2224:

Chapel contains a stained-glass window given in honor of Vance by the Class of 1894.

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However, he affirmed his belief that only educated whites should vote in the South.

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The Sons of Confederate Veterans Camp No. 15 is called the Zebulon Baird Vance Camp

2113: 2073: 2027: 1959: 1943: 1942:

Services were held in the Senate chamber on April 16, 1894, which were attended by

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into the state's mountain counties, favoring a route that would take the tracks to

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of that era tended to advocate for the owners of large slave plantations found in

593:, a state senator from Buncombe County, North Carolina. His uncle was Congressman 7193: 7078: 6918: 6898: 6792: 6620: 6605: 6575: 6395: 6300: 6295: 6275: 6035: 5811: 4723: 4551: 4424:"Monument to Confederate governor who loved Jews is coming down in Asheville, NC" 3619: 2864: 2039: 1951: 1908: 1728:

The first known source to connect the two is an affidavit from Thomas A. Hope of

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Vance was arrested in Statesville on May 13, 1865, his 35th birthday, by General

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while Vance was "in the face of the foe, with his sword drawn, ready for action".

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was a huge help to Vance's political career. The opposition paper, the Asheville

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At the age of six, Vance attended schools operated by M. Woodson, Esq., first at

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Names Across the Landscape: Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History

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at the home of her mother, Mrs. Samuel Steele. They did not have any children.

1877: 1830: 1778:

Zeb Vance: North Carolina's Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader,

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and became their captain. The Rough and Ready Guards became part of Company F,

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Zeb Vance: North Carolina’s Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader

4758:

Zeb Vance: North Carolina's Civil War Governor and Gilded Age Political Leader

4308:

The Ballad of Tom Dula: The Documented Story Behind the Murder of Laura Foster

2867:. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. Retrieved on April 3, 2012. 2351:

Vance Elementary in Asheville, North Carolina (name changed in February 2021).

1700:, civil service programs, the internal revenue service, and the repeal of the 7223: 7188: 7163: 6998: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6928: 6742: 6595: 6580: 6565: 6425: 5300: 4760:. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 287–288. 4039: 3826: 2392:

The Vance Birthplace is a State Historic Site in Weaverville, North Carolina.

2221: 2080: 2019: 1975: 1963: 1154: 1091: 516: 5824: 7203: 7198: 7183: 6993: 6988: 6943: 6600: 6440: 5115: 4809: 4739: 2314: 2310: 1765: 1743: 1722: 1411:

as this organization accepted Jews. Historian Leonard Rogoff, president of

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on May 2, 1865. Schofield accepted Vance's surrender and told him to go to

1162: 802: 586: 512: 388: 3797: 1655:, with Vance at the far left and President Cleveland at the sawmill. From 827:

in July 1857, is considered the most complete record of the tragic event.

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Members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina

7023: 7008: 6923: 6640: 6630: 6535: 6365: 5927:"City vote advances removal of Asheville Confederate governor's monument" 2235:

was dedicated in Asheville, North Carolina in 1897 (demolished May 2021).

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Weil, Julie Zauzmer; Blanco, Adrian; Dominguez, Leo (January 10, 2022).

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List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests

2419:

Vance Masonic Lodge A.F.&A.M. No. 293 in Weaverville, North Carolina

2404:

The "Camp Vance" North Carolina State Highway Historical Marker is near

6837: 6827: 6645: 6635: 6510: 6280: 5254:"Open Air Westminster of the South, Calvary Episcopal Church, Fletcher" 4781: 4695:"Susan Lawrence Davis's "authentic history" of the Reconstruction Klan" 4229: 3744: 3595: 2066: 1683:

In national politics, Vance generally supported conservative President

899:

While serving in Congress Vance was pro-slavery, saying in March 1860:

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In his eulogy, former Governor Thomas Jordan Jarvis said, "He was the

547: 7168: 7123: 7113: 7018: 6137: 5279: 3498:"Zebulon Baird Vance (UNC 1851) | Phi Gamma Delta Digital Repository" 2512:

List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

1388: 1173:'s execution of 22 alleged Confederate deserters in the aftermath of 1108:

Thus, he worked with the Confederate war department to add troops at

632: 508: 5787:"Zeb Vance Ruritan Club Presents Dictionaries Over School Broadcast" 5116:"Old Salem Historic District: National Historic Landmark Nomination" 3056:. Charleston, South Carolina: Observer Printing and Publishing House 2267:

dedicated a memorial plaque to Vance at Calvary Episcopal Church in

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Vance also outlined his vision of the future, with a bit of sarcasm:

7208: 6802: 6625: 6615: 4671: 4179:"Statesville: The Last North Carolina State Capital During the War" 2425:

Vance Policy Institute think tank for Asheville and Buncombe County

2339:

Vance County Early College High School in Henderson, North Carolina

2065:, and family members. In Raleigh, the group was joined by Governor 1346: 1165:

practices, which became more severe as Confederate defeats mounted.

930:, Vance resigned from Congress and headed home to Buncombe County. 5717:"Marker: Brothers in service: Zebulon and Robert Vance birthplace" 4953:

Johnston, Frontis W. “Zebulon Baird Vance: A Personality Sketch.”

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Asheville Archives: Zebulon Vance argues in favor of slavery, 1860

1316:

Vance's residence in Charlotte, North Carolina in the 19th century

561:

Vance was born in a log cabin in the settlement of Reems Creek in

4525:"State Colored Normal School (now Fayetteville State University)" 3997:. Lawrenceville, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 2232: 1140:'s troops received 12,000 uniforms from North Carolina after the 2388:

There are many historic markers and historic sites about Vance:

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each convict and the schedule worked the men seven days a week.

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National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory

4672:

United States. Congress.; Poland, Luke P.; Scott, John (1872).

4296:

via Documenting the American South. Retrieved on April 3, 2012.

3751:(1941) 7#3 pp. 357–377. via JSTOR. Accessed April 9, 2022. 1872:, serving as its vice-president of North Carolina around 1873. 627:

When he was thirteen years old in fall 1843, Vance went to the

6883: 5743:"Sons of Confederate Veterans - 0015 Zebulon Baird Vance Camp" 3670:

Zebulon B. Vance: as War Governor of North Carolina, 1862‑1865

2691: 2689: 2687: 2361:

Vance Hall at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

2216:

There are several monuments and memorials dedicated to Vance:

1954:

and all but one of the associate justices, Secretary of State

5200:"Zebulon Vance Statue, U.S. Capitol for North Carolina | AOC" 2470: 1511:

markets, helping to stimulate the economy across the state.

1276:

After a short imprisonment in Raleigh, Vance arrived at the

531:

Vance Cabin, Reems Creek, North Carolina in the 19th century

7300:

Democratic Party United States senators from North Carolina

5428:"A census of Confederate symbols and monuments in the U.S." 2684: 2680:. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill – via Internet Archive. 1770:

Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866–1871.

1696:

Vance opposed important legislation of the era such as the

4725:

Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866-1871

4529:

The Carolina Story: A Virtual Museum of University History

3877:"Five Things You Probably Didn't Know About Zebulon Vance" 1219:

On April 26, 1865, Vance learned that Confederate General

7280:

Burials at Riverside Cemetery (Asheville, North Carolina)

4288:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. 245: 5260:. DocSouth, University of North Carolina. March 19, 2010 5180:. DocSouth, University of North Carolina. March 19, 2010 4807: 4346:. New York, New York: Susan Lawrence Davis. p. 292. 4224:

Presidential Proclamation No. 38, May 29, 1865, 13

3994:

Lincoln's Loyalists: Union soldiers from the Confederacy

2348:

Vance County Middle School in Henderson, North Carolina

2279:

Several locations, schools, and more bear Vance's name:

1112:

to protect the railroad and watch the enemy encampments.

785:

and another bill to authorize subscriptions to fund the

5386: 5092: 7315:

Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives

4496:"For some, Vance legacy as slaveowner clouds monument" 4991:

31, no. 2 (1954): 222–39. via JSTOR, April 12, 2022.

3282:. The State Library of North Carolina. Archived from 2076:, state North Railroad Commissioner James W. Wilson, 2006:

for burial. He was accompanied by seven congressmen (

1466:

Fayetteville. The State Colored Normal School became

1158:

and keep its courts fully functional during the war.

5564:

North Carolina, Vance County, Zeb Vance School (974)

4871:"Excelsior Masonic Lodge: Charlotte, NC Freemasonry" 2582:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

1990:, other members of the diplomatic corps, and Bishop 1394: 1345:. Among his clients was former Confederate soldier, 1284:

on May 20, 1865. There, he shared a small cell with

604:

Around 1833, the Vance family moved to Lapland, now

4987:Johnston, Frontis W. “The Courtship of Zeb Vance.” 4819:. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office 4458:

96 (3): 305–40. via EBSCO. Accessed April 12, 2022.

4299: 4276: 4274: 4272: 2745: 718:

Vance's first law office, Asheville, North Carolina

7350:People of North Carolina in the American Civil War 5512:"Vance High School renamed for Julius L. Chambers" 5280:"History of Zebulon – Zebulon Chamber of Commerce" 4083:75, no. 1 (1998): 69–85. via JSTOR April 10, 2022. 2607:"When past is present: Zeb Vance and his monument" 1651:"The Administration Sawmill" political cartoon by 1399:Starting around 1870, Vance gave a speech called " 1094:said, "Vance's oratory was worth 5,000 soldiers". 5723:. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources 5697:. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources 5455:"Asheville City Schools Renames Vance Elementary" 3596:"Asheville Spectator (Asheville, N.C.) 1853-1858" 2502:changed the name of its Vance Elementary School. 2444:Vance County Schools in Henderson, North Carolina 2336:Vance Charter School in Henderson, North Carolina 751:. The goal of the convention was to convince the 7221: 6121:U.S. Senator-elect (Class 2) from North Carolina 5769:"What the world needs now is another think tank" 5387:Holmes, C. Scott; O'Rouke-Owens, Amelia (2022). 4343:Authentic History of the Ku Klux Klan, 1865-1877 4269: 2695:Leonard C. Schlup, and James Gilbert Ryan, eds. 1601:Vance also faced a political challenge with the 1387:lecture halls in Philadelphia, New Orleans, and 979:. That August, Vance was elected colonel of the 5670:North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources 5645:North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources 3570:The Spirit of the Age (Raleigh, North Carolina) 1620:National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union 5898:""The Ballad of Tom Dooley" by Sharyn McCrumb" 4282:Zebulon Baird Vance, 13 May 1830-14 Apr. 1894" 4095:"One Nation, Again After Johnston's Surrender" 1531: 813:In March 1855, John D. Hyman of the Asheville 722:On January 1, 1852, Vance was admitted to the 7290:Confederate States of America state governors 6869: 6238: 5487:. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 5481:"Zebulon B. Vance (1830-1894) and Vance Hall" 4421: 4208:"Museum holding Civil War Living History Day" 2434:The Henderson, North Carolina chapter of the 1716: 1441:painting in the North Carolina State Archives 850:seems to regard as little short of treason." 830:Vance stopped working as joint editor of the 597:, namesake of his elder brother, Congressman 7295:Democratic Party governors of North Carolina 5560: 4613:Battle, George Gordon (September 28, 1928). 4150:"10 Ways Blandwood is NC's Historic Center!" 3459:(3), 46. via EBSCO. Accessed April 10, 2022. 1687:. He made a speech in North Carolina saying: 7345:People from Buncombe County, North Carolina 6021:North Carolina's 8th congressional district 5099:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3961:"President's Message - On Legacy Buildings" 1757:Modern experts note other discrepancies in 1002:In July 1862, Vance and the 26th fought at 971:. By June 1861, Vance and the 14th were in 950:Governor Vance on his Inauguration Day 1862 663:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 656:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 159:January 1, 1877 – February 5, 1879 6885:United States senators from North Carolina 6876: 6862: 6245: 6231: 6163:U.S. Senator (Class 3) from North Carolina 5861:. April 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2022. 5855:President's Message - On Legacy Buildings" 5258:Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina 5225:"Rabbi Wise Eulogizes Zebulon Baird Vance" 5178:Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina 3745:Zebulon B. Vance and the 'Scattered Nation 3451:Fowler, R. H. (1998). Mouth of the South. 1845:Vance joined the Mt. Hermon Lodge No. 118 1737:Authentic History Ku Klux Klan, 1865–1877, 1496:Chester & Lenoir Narrow Gauge Railroad 1366:racist dialogue to gain other supporters. 755:to build a route through the mountains in 42: 5352:"North Carolina Yard to Launch Freighter" 4475:. Hearst Television, Inc. January 9, 2021 3930: 2356:University of North Carolina at Asheville 1754:when writing her nonfiction Klan history. 407:University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 261:December 7, 1858 – March 3, 1861 236:U.S. House of Representatives 204:September 8, 1862 – May 29, 1865 5066: 4808:Survey and Planning Unit (August 1973). 4755: 4390:"North Carolina Conservative Convention" 2798: 2719: 2199: 2184: 2169: 2069:, former Governor Thomas Jordan Jarvis, 1815: 1807: 1799: 1664: 1646: 1429: 1311: 1207: 945: 937: 894: 881: 857: 734: 713: 546: 534: 526: 486:37th and 43rd governor of North Carolina 7375:United States senators who owned slaves 7260:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 7245:19th-century American newspaper editors 6204:nominee for Governor of North Carolina 5920: 5918: 5766: 4801: 4205: 3990: 3870: 3868: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3149: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2697:Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age 2677:Zeb Vance: Champion of Personal Freedom 2273:Open–Air Westminster Abbey of the South 1356: 704: 73:March 4, 1879 – April 14, 1894 14: 7222: 5586:"Vance Birthplace | NC Historic Sites" 5506: 5504: 5502: 5449: 5447: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5324: 5168: 5166: 5113: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4839:"Masonic Apron of Zebulon Baird Vance" 4692: 4612: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4549: 4519: 4517: 4493: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4384: 4382: 4355: 4353: 4286:Dictionary of North Carolina Biography 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4201: 4199: 4172: 4170: 4147: 4092: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4021: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3955: 3953: 3900: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3820: 3818: 3795: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3560: 3558: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3467: 3465: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 1746:of the Ku Klux Klan for North Carolina 1215:'s west parlor where Vance surrendered 699:Solicitor General of the United States 305:December 1854 – November 1856 6857: 6226: 4751: 4749: 4717: 4715: 4688: 4686: 4667: 4665: 4339: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4176: 3903:"North Carolina Salutes a Native Son" 3874: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2604: 2534: 2532: 2415:Several organizations bear his name: 1950:, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 1425: 1185: 1013: 981:26th North Carolina Infantry Regiment 870:In 1858, Vance ran for a seat in the 797:by way of Asheville, North Carolina. 624:peculiar and slightly ambling gait". 454:26th North Carolina Infantry Regiment 5915: 5890: 5767:Millard, Hal L. (December 4, 2007). 4989:The North Carolina Historical Review 4957:30, no. 2 (1953): 178–90. via JSTOR 4955:The North Carolina Historical Review 4792:The North Carolina Historical Review 4721: 4693:Kühner, Wilhelm (January 16, 2021). 4305: 4154:Preservation Greensboro Incorporated 4081:The North Carolina Historical Review 4028:The North Carolina Historical Review 3824: 3049: 2600: 2598: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2242:was dedicated on the grounds of the 1934: 1596: 1227:at the James Bennett farmhouse near 787:French Broad and Greenville Railroad 7380:University of North Carolina alumni 5990:Online Books by Zebulon Baird Vance 5924: 5561:Leatherberry, Earl (June 1, 1995), 5499: 5444: 5409: 5373: 5163: 4968: 4942: 4856: 4642: 4570: 4514: 4441: 4408: 4379: 4350: 4251:"Vance, Zebulon | Encyclopedia.com" 4234: 4196: 4167: 4054: 3979: 3950: 3933:"Asheville's monument to tolerance" 3924: 3845: 3815: 3754: 3696: 3625: 3555: 3515: 3462: 3428: 3237: 3169: 2870: 2818: 2799:Swofford, Stan (January 21, 2005). 2467:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2436:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2371:(name changed on October 13, 2020). 2204:Reconstruction of the cabin at the 24: 5721:North Carolina Digital Collections 4921:"Gov. Zebulon B. Vance's New Home" 4746: 4728:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 1939. 4712: 4683: 4662: 4487: 4324: 3298: 3068: 2858:Vance Birthplace, official website 2720:Elliston, Jon (January 19, 2005). 2702: 2624: 2578:"Vance, Zebulon Baird 1830 – 1894" 2529: 1642: 1618:, who had become president of the 1500:Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad 1381: 994:Vance and the 26th engaged in the 921:telegraph was read announcing the 789:. He also supported extending the 753:Charleston and Cincinnati Railroad 685:, where he studied law with Judge 25: 7396: 7240:19th-century American politicians 5974: 5114:Rettig, Polly M (June 15, 1976). 4722:Horn, Stanley Fitzgerald (1939). 4212:Statesville Record & Landmark 4177:Hardy, Michael C. (May 5, 2015). 4148:Briggs, Benjamin (June 9, 2017). 3685:Calder, Thomas (June 16, 2020). " 2595: 2557: 2469:held a joint ceremony and laid a 2255:National Statuary Hall Collection 2078:North Carolina Secretary of State 1735:In her 1924 self-published book, 1669:"Snowed In" political cartoon by 1520:discord between North and South. 1395:Speaking out against antisemitism 1302: 7285:Confederate States Army officers 7032: 6654: 5944: 5872:"Ghost Riders by Sharyn McCrumb" 5864: 5847: 5817: 5093:United States. Congress (1895). 4456:North Carolina Historical Review 4306:West, John Foster (April 2002). 4093:Gerard, Philip (April 7, 2015). 3991:Current, Richard Nelson (1992). 3931:Rasmussen, Steve (May 7, 2003). 3796:Gerard, Philip (June 28, 2011). 2231:, a 75 feet (23 m) granite 1847:Ancient Free and Accepted Masons 1795: 853: 416: 7360:Proponents of scientific racism 5981:Works by or about Zebulon Vance 5952:"Zebulon B. Vance Reconsidered" 5805: 5779: 5760: 5735: 5709: 5683: 5666:"Marker: P-2: Zebulon B. Vance" 5658: 5633: 5603: 5578: 5554: 5529: 5473: 5361:. November 23, 1941. p. 54 5344: 5318: 5293: 5272: 5246: 5217: 5192: 5174:"Zebulon Vance Statue, Raleigh" 5137: 5107: 5086: 5060: 5031: 5002: 4913: 4888: 4831: 4774: 4636: 4606: 4543: 4494:Walton, Beth (March 13, 2015). 4461: 4422:Andrea Cooper (April 6, 2021). 4218: 4206:McNally, Jim (April 11, 2019). 4183:Looking for the Confederate War 4141: 4112: 4086: 4015: 3894: 3679: 3620:Representative Men of the South 3613: 3588: 3490: 2851: 2837:News And Events | UNC Asheville 2605:Ready, Milton (June 25, 2015). 2374:Zeb Vance Elementary School in 2286:was named in his honor in 1881. 2071:North Carolina Attorney General 1484:Western North Carolina Railroad 1234:He then surrendered to General 1161:Vance also opposed Confederate 1076: 989:Carteret County, North Carolina 791:Western North Carolina Railroad 589:. His maternal grandfather was 575:North Carolina House of Commons 563:Buncombe County, North Carolina 27:American politician (1830–1894) 7250:Activists against antisemitism 5831:. December 29, 1896. p. 4 4531:. University of North Carolina 4361:"The Rebel Pow Wow in Raleigh" 4340:Davis, Susan Lawrence (1924). 3901:Dykman, Wilma (July 9, 1961). 3875:Darty, J. D. (July 15, 2015). 3693:. Retrieved February 21, 2022. 3676:(1937) vol. 3, no.1, pp 43‑75. 3477:Documenting the American South 2792: 2767: 2739: 2428:The Zeb Vance Ruritan Club in 1901:Black Mountain, North Carolina 1822:Black Mountain, North Carolina 1730:Lincoln County, North Carolina 1514: 1413:Jewish Heritage North Carolina 1223:had surrendered his forces to 862:Vance, 35th Congress photo by 13: 1: 6016:U.S. House of Representatives 5999:U.S. House of Representatives 5516:Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools 5048:. January 26, 1895. p. 6 4930:. October 28, 1878. p. 4 4558:. Western Carolina University 4396:. February 8, 1868. p. 1 4367:. February 7, 1868. p. 2 3415:North Carolina Historic Sites 2522: 2495:Charlotte–Mecklenburg Schools 2305:Craven County, North Carolina 1782:Orange County, North Carolina 1721:Following the Civil War, the 1468:Fayetteville State University 1435: 1307: 1193:In early April 1865, General 1038:His campaign was overseen by 874:opened by the resignation of 808: 552: 522: 7330:North Carolina Know Nothings 5829:The Asheville Weekly Citizen 5541:U.S. News & World Report 5067:Mitchell, Memory F. (1979). 4585:"Solemn Scene in the Senate" 2382:Vance County, North Carolina 2365:Zebulon B. Vance High School 2345:in Henderson, North Carolina 2333:in Henderson, North Carolina 2284:Vance County, North Carolina 2257:in Washington, D.C. in 1916. 2249:A bronze statue of Vance by 2244:North Carolina State Capitol 2100:North Carolina Supreme Court 2048:Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn 2034:of New York), six senators ( 1974:, Secretary of the Interior 1958:, Secretary of the Treasury 1839:Burke County, North Carolina 1812:Florence Steele Martin Vance 1473: 1456: 965:14th North Carolina Infantry 933: 691:North Carolina Supreme Court 507:periods. As a leader of the 7: 7370:Southern Historical Society 7305:Governors of North Carolina 5931:The Asheville Citizen-Times 5641:"Marker: M-25: Vance House" 4699:Kühner Kommentar an Amerika 4649:The Asheville Citizen-Times 4594:. April 17, 1894. p. 2 4550:Osment, Timothy N. (2008). 4404:– via Newspapers.com. 4394:The Wilmington Morning Star 4375:– via Newspapers.com. 3881:Historic Riverside Cemetery 3749:Journal of Southern History 3674:Journal of Southern History 3572:. March 21, 1855. p. 3 3543:. April 15, 1894. p. 5 3453:Civil War Times Illustrated 3226:29, no. 1/2 (2001): 58–67. 2505: 2295:Wake County, North Carolina 2263:The Asheville Lodge of the 2206:Zebulon B. Vance Birthplace 1982:, the Speaker of the House 1978:, Secretary of Agriculture 1870:Southern Historical Society 1710:Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1702:Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1532:Criticism of Reconstruction 1264: 1248:Statesville, North Carolina 1018: 709: 648:Hot Springs, North Carolina 541:Zebulon B. Vance Birthplace 492:from North Carolina, and a 346:Reems Creek, North Carolina 10: 7401: 7365:Race-related controversies 6087:Governor of North Carolina 6060:Governor of North Carolina 5825:"Sons of Veterans Invited" 5691:"Marker: N-17: Camp Vance" 5039:"Zebulon B. Vance's Pluck" 5019:. June 18, 1880. p. 1 2805:Greensboro News and Record 2722:"Zeb Vance: No Simple Man" 2331:Northern Vance High School 1944:President Grover Cleveland 1866:Governor David Lowry Swain 1742:states that Vance was the 1717:Vance and the Ku Klux Klan 1447:President Ulysses S. Grant 1244:Greensboro, North Carolina 954: 579:American Revolutionary War 147:Governor of North Carolina 7041: 7030: 6891: 6663: 6652: 6268: 6211: 6199: 6191: 6186: 6176: 6160: 6152: 6142: 6118: 6110: 6103: 6093: 6084: 6076: 6066: 6057: 6049: 6044: 6027: 6012: 6004: 5997: 5812:Minutes of the 7th Annual 5396:North Carolina Law Review 4756:McKinney, Gordan (2004). 3150:Barrett, John G. (1996). 2863:December 9, 2003, at the 2451: 2406:Morganton, North Carolina 2380:Zeb Vance High School in 2369:Charlotte, North Carolina 2326:Henderson, North Carolina 2165: 2123:The Fayetteville Observer 2092:Auditor of North Carolina 2004:Asheville, North Carolina 1804:Harriett Espy Vance, 1878 1561:Vance also supported the 1149:President Jefferson Davis 969:Morganton, North Carolina 842:wrote, "Mr. Vance is the 749:Cumberland Gap, Tennessee 543:cabin in the 19th century 475: 461: 449: 439: 429: 424: 412: 402: 379: 369: 352: 328: 323: 319: 309: 298: 290: 277: 265: 254: 232: 220: 208: 197: 185: 173: 163: 152: 144: 132: 120: 101: 89: 77: 66: 54: 50: 41: 34: 7325:North Carolina Democrats 6187:Party political offices 5611:"Vance House, Marker-25" 5204:Architect of the Capital 4129:. May 9, 1865. p. 1 3534:"Death of Senator Vance" 3064:– via Hathi Trust. 3053:Life of Zebulon B. Vance 2438:is the Zeb Vance Chapter 2430:Kittrell, North Carolina 2376:Kittrell, North Carolina 2343:Vance County High School 2269:Fletcher, North Carolina 1970:, Secretary of the Navy 1833:, the home of her uncle 1138:General James Longstreet 606:Marshall, North Carolina 393:Conservative (1862–1868) 5431:Knoxville News Sentinel 5327:"Zebulon B. Vance, USS" 5069:"Battle, Richard Henry" 5010:"Senator Vance Married" 4843:Greensboro Mason Museum 4615:"A War Governor's View" 4500:Asheville Citizen-Times 4022:Mobley, Joe A. (2000). 2358:(name changed in 2020). 2180:Raleigh, North Carolina 2109:The News & Observer 2060:Secretary of the Senate 2058:of New Hampshire), the 1984:Charles Frederick Crisp 1894:Oldham County, Kentucky 1792:the western counties." 1776:In the 2004 biography, 1679:magazine, January 1886. 1661:magazine, February 1886 1199:Raleigh, North Carolina 1175:the Battle of New Bern. 1110:Kinston, North Carolina 1044:North-Carolina Standard 743:presidential candidate 7335:North Carolina lawyers 7275:American speechwriters 7265:American Presbyterians 5859:Mecklenburg County Bar 5791:The Dictionary Project 5695:North Carolina Markers 5537:"Zeb Vance Elementary" 5459:Blueridge Public Radio 5325:Warren, Harry (2006). 4790:, by G. B. McKinney]. 4780:Mobley, J. A. (2005). 4310:. Parkway Publishers. 3965:Mecklenburg County Bar 3152:"Vance, Zebulon Baird" 3050:Dowd, Clement (1897). 2775:"Congress slaveowners" 2674:Tucker, Glenn (1966). 2500:Asheville City Schools 2486:The Ballad of Tom Dula 2324:Kerr-Vance Academy in 2240:Henry Jackson Ellicott 2209: 2197: 2195:National Statuary Hall 2182: 2176:Henry Jackson Ellicott 2096:Alphonso Calhoun Avery 1988:Sir Julian Paunceforte 1980:Julius Sterling Morton 1966:, Post Master General 1825: 1813: 1805: 1766:Stanly Fitzgerald Horn 1694: 1680: 1662: 1590: 1551: 1442: 1317: 1271:Hugh Judson Kilpatrick 1238:in the west parlor of 1229:Durham, North Carolina 1216: 1050:, of the Fayetteville 961:Rough and Ready Guards 951: 943: 942:Vance in the Civil War 876:Thomas Lanier Clingman 867: 776:Eastern North Carolina 757:Western North Carolina 719: 573:, was a member of the 558: 544: 532: 457:Rough and Ready Guards 7270:American rhetoricians 5902:www.sharynmccrumb.com 5567:(published June 1995) 4900:www.perseus.tufts.edu 4120:"From North Carolina" 3566:"Asheville Spectator" 3276:"Zebulon Baird Vance" 2238:A statue of Vance by 2203: 2188: 2173: 2016:Sydenham B. Alexander 1819: 1811: 1803: 1689: 1668: 1650: 1608:Sherman Antitrust Act 1583: 1542: 1433: 1315: 1211: 1142:Battle of Chickamauga 949: 941: 928:Battle of Fort Sumter 923:firing on Fort Sumter 895:Slavery and secession 882:Salaries and deficits 861: 739:After canvassing for 735:North Carolina Senate 717: 577:and a colonel in the 550: 538: 530: 293:North Carolina Senate 56:United States Senator 7340:North Carolina Whigs 6258:lieutenant governors 5958:. September 13, 2017 5793:. September 30, 2015 5621:on February 15, 2019 5590:historicsites.nc.gov 4255:www.encyclopedia.com 3827:"Conservative Party" 3825:Faulkner, Ronnie W. 3798:"Unflinching Leader" 2094:R. M. Furman, Judge 2088:Samuel McDowell Tate 2024:Elijah V. Brookshire 1885:Louisville, Kentucky 1740:Susan Lawrence Davis 1563:Blair Education Bill 1363:Fourteenth Amendment 1357:Fourteenth Amendment 1290:Governor of Virginia 1195:William T. Sherman's 1071:Petersburg, Virginia 975:, helping to defend 967:, and encamped near 795:Knoxville, Tennessee 705:Pre-Civil War career 84:Augustus S. Merrimon 7255:American Freemasons 4875:Excelsior Lodge:261 4428:The Times of Israel 3668:Yates, Richard E. " 3600:Library of Congress 3224:Appalachian Journal 2779:The Washington Post 2753:The Washington Post 2319:SS Zebulon B. Vance 2208:State Historic Site 2056:William E. Chandler 2038:of North Carolina, 2018:of North Carolina; 2012:William T. Crawford 1996:Catholic University 1962:, Attorney General 1824:in the 19th–century 1371:The Dailey Standard 687:William Horn Battle 681:Vance then went to 556: 1845 to 1850 496:officer during the 482:Zebulon Baird Vance 333:Zebulon Baird Vance 18:Zebulon Baird Vance 6169:Served alongside: 6135:Served alongside: 6045:Political offices 6032:Title next held by 6008:Thomas L. Clingman 5461:. February 2, 2021 5359:The New York Times 5232:The New York Times 5046:The New York Times 5017:The New York Times 4928:The New York Times 4622:The New York Times 4592:The New York Times 4365:The Daily Standard 4280:Barrett, John G. " 4127:The New York Times 3910:The New York Times 3541:The New York Times 3502:phigamarchives.org 2781:, January 27, 2022 2540:"Zebulon B. Vance" 2354:Vance Hall at the 2210: 2198: 2183: 2063:William Ruffin Cox 1859:Riverside Cemetery 1826: 1814: 1806: 1681: 1663: 1443: 1426:Governor, 3rd term 1318: 1278:Old Capitol Prison 1221:Joseph E. Johnston 1217: 1186:Governor, 2nd term 1101:, and protect the 1014:Governor, 1st term 996:Battle of New Bern 952: 944: 868: 724:North Carolina Bar 720: 695:Samuel F. Phillips 629:Washington College 595:Robert Brank Vance 559: 545: 533: 505:Reconstruction Era 498:American Civil War 470:Seven Days Battles 466:Battle of New Bern 434:Confederate States 374:Riverside Cemetery 272:Thomas L. Clingman 7217: 7216: 6851: 6850: 6221: 6220: 6212:Succeeded by 6195:Augustus Merrimon 6177:Succeeded by 6167:1879–1894 6156:Augustus Merrimon 6143:Succeeded by 6094:Succeeded by 6067:Succeeded by 5876:Publishers Weekly 5404:See footnote 103. 5305:Town of Vanceboro 4767:978-1-4696-0731-3 4008:978-1-55553-124-9 2839:. August 28, 2020 2253:was added to the 2127:and many others. 2008:John S. Henderson 1972:Hilary A. Herbert 1968:Wilson S. Bissell 1956:Walter Q. Gresham 1946:, Vice President 1935:Death and funeral 1855:Charles T. Colyer 1759:Authentic History 1603:Farmers' Alliance 1597:Farmers' Alliance 1451:Augustus Merrimon 1418:Yet, within the " 1240:Blandwood Mansion 1236:John M. Schofield 1213:Blandwood Mansion 1040:William W. Holden 973:Suffolk, Virginia 672:Dialectic Society 610:Buncombe Turnpike 583:George Washington 565:near present-day 539:Fireplace inside 479: 478: 16:(Redirected from 7392: 7036: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6855: 6854: 6658: 6657: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6224: 6223: 6192:Preceded by 6153:Preceded by 6111:Preceded by 6077:Preceded by 6050:Preceded by 6005:Preceded by 5995: 5994: 5985:Internet Archive 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5868: 5862: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5838: 5836: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5617:. Archived from 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5508: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5451: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5424: 5407: 5406: 5393: 5384: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5356: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5301:"About Our Town" 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5229: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5170: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5120: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5043: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5014: 5006: 5000: 4985: 4966: 4951: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4925: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4867: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4814: 4810:"Quaker Meadows" 4805: 4799: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4753: 4744: 4743: 4719: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4669: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4619: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4589: 4581: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4556:Digital Heritage 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4465: 4459: 4452: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4419: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4357: 4348: 4347: 4337: 4322: 4321: 4303: 4297: 4278: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4247: 4232: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4203: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4124: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4090: 4084: 4077: 4052: 4051: 4019: 4013: 4012: 3988: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3957: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3907: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3872: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3793: 3752: 3741: 3694: 3683: 3677: 3666: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3562: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3538: 3530: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3469: 3460: 3449: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3407: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3272: 3235: 3220: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3147: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3047: 2868: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2829: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2717: 2700: 2693: 2682: 2681: 2671: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2602: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2574: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2536: 2480:wrote the novel 2476:In 2004, author 2189:Vance statue by 2174:Vance statue by 2114:Josephus Daniels 2074:Frank I. Osborne 2042:of Mississippi, 2028:Luther M. Strong 1960:John G. Carlisle 1929:Suwannee Springs 1835:Charles McDowell 1752:Thomas Dixon Jr. 1685:Grover Cleveland 1632:Thomas J. Jarvis 1616:Leonidas L. Polk 1440: 1439: 1877–1879 1437: 1420:Scattered Nation 1401:Scattered Nation 1129:blockade runners 864:Julian Vannerson 772:Democratic Party 581:, serving under 557: 554: 425:Military service 420: 363:Washington, D.C. 359: 342: 340: 324:Personal details 312: 303: 280: 268: 259: 249: 238: 223: 211: 202: 188: 176: 168:Thomas J. Jarvis 157: 135: 123: 106: 92: 80: 71: 46: 32: 31: 21: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7310:Lyceum movement 7220: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7037: 7028: 6887: 6882: 6852: 6847: 6665: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6264: 6251: 6217: 6206: 6197: 6182: 6168: 6166: 6158: 6148: 6134: 6126: 6124: 6116: 6099: 6090: 6082: 6072: 6063: 6055: 6038: 6036:Robert B. Vance 6033: 6024: 6018: 6010: 5977: 5972: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5925:Burgess, Joel. 5923: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5881: 5879: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5852: 5848: 5834: 5832: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5773:Mountain Xpress 5765: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5570: 5568: 5559: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5510: 5509: 5500: 5490: 5488: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5453: 5452: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5426: 5425: 5410: 5391: 5385: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5172: 5171: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5118: 5112: 5108: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4986: 4969: 4952: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4869: 4868: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4754: 4747: 4736: 4720: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4691: 4684: 4670: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4643:Burgess, Joel. 4641: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4617: 4611: 4607: 4597: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4552:"Zebulon Vance" 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4453: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4420: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4359: 4358: 4351: 4338: 4325: 4318: 4304: 4300: 4279: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4249: 4248: 4235: 4223: 4219: 4204: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4175: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4055: 4020: 4016: 4009: 3989: 3980: 3970: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3937:Mountain Xpress 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3905: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3873: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3823: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3794: 3755: 3743:Adler, Selig. " 3742: 3697: 3691:Mountain Xpress 3684: 3680: 3667: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3604: 3602: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3575: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3471: 3470: 3463: 3450: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3411:"Zebulon Vance" 3409: 3408: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3286:on July 5, 2006 3274: 3273: 3238: 3221: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3148: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3048: 2871: 2865:Wayback Machine 2856: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2831: 2830: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2797: 2793: 2784: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2726:Mountain Xpress 2718: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2672: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2611:Mountain Xpress 2603: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2576: 2575: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2538: 2537: 2530: 2525: 2508: 2454: 2168: 2104:Thomas S. Kenan 2085:State Treasurer 2040:James Z. George 2032:Charles Daniels 1952:Melville Fuller 1948:Adlai Stevenson 1937: 1909:William B. Bate 1798: 1719: 1698:McKinley Tariff 1645: 1643:National issues 1599: 1534: 1526:McKinley Tariff 1517: 1488:McDowell County 1476: 1459: 1438: 1428: 1397: 1384: 1382:Lecture circuit 1359: 1310: 1305: 1282:Washington, D.C 1267: 1203:Jefferson Davis 1188: 1103:Weldon Railroad 1079: 1035:unworthiness.” 1021: 1016: 983:, stationed at 957: 936: 897: 884: 856: 820:Elisha Mitchell 811: 737: 712: 707: 676:Phi Gamma Delta 661:Vance attended 599:Robert B. Vance 555: 525: 468: 456: 394: 392: 387: 380:Political party 361: 357: 344: 338: 336: 335: 334: 310: 304: 299: 284:Robert B. Vance 278: 266: 260: 255: 239: 234: 221: 209: 203: 198: 186: 174: 158: 153: 133: 121: 113: 107: 102: 90: 78: 72: 67: 58: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7398: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6888: 6881: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6858: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6265: 6262:North Carolina 6250: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6227: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6210: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6175: 6159: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6141: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6092: 6083: 6080:Curtis Brogden 6078: 6074: 6073: 6070:William Holden 6068: 6065: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6041: 6031: 6026: 6014:Member of the 6011: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5976: 5975:External links 5973: 5970: 5969: 5956:The Urban News 5943: 5914: 5889: 5863: 5846: 5841:Newspapers.com 5816: 5804: 5778: 5759: 5734: 5708: 5682: 5657: 5632: 5602: 5577: 5553: 5528: 5498: 5472: 5443: 5408: 5372: 5343: 5317: 5292: 5271: 5245: 5216: 5191: 5162: 5151:. May 18, 2021 5136: 5106: 5085: 5059: 5030: 5001: 4967: 4941: 4912: 4887: 4855: 4830: 4800: 4773: 4766: 4745: 4734: 4711: 4682: 4661: 4635: 4605: 4569: 4542: 4513: 4486: 4460: 4440: 4407: 4378: 4349: 4323: 4316: 4298: 4268: 4233: 4217: 4195: 4166: 4140: 4111: 4085: 4053: 4034:(4): 434–454. 4014: 4007: 3978: 3949: 3923: 3893: 3844: 3814: 3753: 3695: 3678: 3624: 3612: 3587: 3582:Newspapers.com 3554: 3514: 3489: 3461: 3427: 3297: 3236: 3168: 3067: 2869: 2850: 2817: 2791: 2766: 2738: 2701: 2683: 2623: 2594: 2556: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2507: 2504: 2478:Sharyn McCrumb 2453: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2386: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2362: 2359: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2313:United States 2307: 2297: 2287: 2277: 2276: 2261: 2258: 2251:Gutzon Borglum 2247: 2236: 2229:Vance Monument 2225: 2191:Gutzon Borglum 2167: 2164: 2152:Mount Mitchell 2118:Edward J. Hale 2054:of Idaho, and 2036:Matt W. Ransom 1936: 1933: 1878:Kemp P. Battle 1831:Quaker Meadows 1797: 1794: 1718: 1715: 1671:Joseph Keppler 1653:Joseph Keppler 1644: 1641: 1598: 1595: 1538:Reconstruction 1533: 1530: 1516: 1513: 1480:Cumberland Gap 1475: 1472: 1458: 1455: 1427: 1424: 1396: 1393: 1383: 1380: 1358: 1355: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1303:Postwar career 1301: 1266: 1263: 1259:Andrew Johnson 1197:troops neared 1187: 1184: 1171:George Pickett 1078: 1075: 1048:Edward J. Hale 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 956: 953: 935: 932: 918: 917: 906: 905: 896: 893: 883: 880: 855: 852: 810: 807: 745:Winfield Scott 736: 733: 711: 708: 706: 703: 668:Kemp P. Battle 652:David L. Swain 643:in Asheville. 641:Newton Academy 524: 521: 477: 476: 473: 472: 463: 459: 458: 451: 447: 446: 441: 437: 436: 431: 427: 426: 422: 421: 414: 410: 409: 404: 400: 399: 381: 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 360:(aged 63) 356:April 14, 1894 354: 350: 349: 332: 330: 326: 325: 321: 320: 317: 316: 313: 307: 306: 296: 295: 291:Member of the 288: 287: 281: 275: 274: 269: 263: 262: 252: 251: 242:North Carolina 233:Member of the 230: 229: 227:William Holden 224: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 195: 194: 189: 183: 182: 180:Curtis Brogden 177: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 150: 149: 145:37th and 43rd 142: 141: 136: 130: 129: 124: 118: 117: 99: 98: 93: 87: 86: 81: 75: 74: 64: 63: 61:North Carolina 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7397: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7355:Philosemitism 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7035: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6879: 6874: 6872: 6867: 6865: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6733:O. M. Gardner 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6662: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556:O. M. Gardner 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6216: 6215:Thomas Jarvis 6209: 6205: 6203: 6196: 6190: 6185: 6181: 6180:Thomas Jarvis 6174: 6173: 6165: 6164: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6123: 6122: 6115: 6114:Joseph Abbott 6109: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6097:Thomas Jarvis 6089: 6088: 6081: 6075: 6071: 6062: 6061: 6054: 6048: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5877: 5873: 5867: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5842: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5813: 5808: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5566: 5565: 5557: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5448: 5432: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5233: 5226: 5220: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5167: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5097: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5063: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5018: 5011: 5005: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4964: 4960: 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2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2222:Salem College 2219: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2081:Octavius Coke 2079: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2050:of Kentucky, 2049: 2046:of Delaware, 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2030:of Ohio; and 2029: 2025: 2022:of Illinois; 2021: 2020:John C. Black 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1992:John J. Keane 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1976:M. Hoke Smith 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:Richard Olney 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1925:St. Augustine 1922: 1918: 1912: 1910: 1904: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1823: 1818: 1810: 1802: 1796:Personal life 1793: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1529: 1527: 1521: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1432: 1423: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1314: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1288:, the former 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1156: 1155:habeas corpus 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1124:preservation. 1121: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1092:Robert E. Lee 1089: 1086: 1083: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1042:of Raleigh's 1041: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1000: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 948: 940: 931: 929: 924: 915: 914: 913: 911: 902: 901: 900: 892: 888: 879: 877: 873: 872:U.S. Congress 865: 860: 854:U.S. Congress 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 828: 826: 821: 816: 806: 804: 803:Know-Nothings 798: 796: 792: 788: 784: 783:Yancey County 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 732: 728: 725: 716: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 677: 673: 669: 664: 659: 657: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 621: 619: 614: 611: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 591:Zebulon Baird 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 549: 542: 537: 529: 520: 518: 515:. Considered 514: 510: 506: 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 474: 471: 467: 464: 460: 455: 452: 448: 445: 442: 438: 435: 432: 428: 423: 419: 415: 411: 408: 405: 401: 397: 390: 385: 382: 378: 375: 372: 370:Resting place 368: 364: 355: 351: 347: 331: 327: 322: 318: 315:David Coleman 314: 308: 302: 297: 294: 289: 285: 282: 276: 273: 270: 264: 258: 253: 248: 243: 237: 231: 228: 225: 219: 216: 213: 207: 201: 196: 193: 192:Thomas Jarvis 190: 184: 181: 178: 172: 169: 166: 162: 156: 151: 148: 143: 140: 137: 131: 128: 127:Joseph Abbott 125: 119: 116: 115: 112: 105: 100: 97: 96:Thomas Jarvis 94: 88: 85: 82: 76: 70: 65: 62: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 7385:Vance family 7133: 7099:W. A. Graham 6984:F. P. Graham 6621:J. G. Martin 6485: 6455: 6200: 6170: 6161: 6136: 6128: 6127: 6119: 6085: 6058: 6034: 6028: 6013: 5960:. Retrieved 5955: 5946: 5934:. Retrieved 5930: 5905:. Retrieved 5901: 5892: 5880:. Retrieved 5875: 5866: 5858: 5849: 5839:– via 5833:. Retrieved 5828: 5819: 5807: 5795:. 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Retrieved 4816: 4803: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4757: 4740:Google Books 4738:– via 4724: 4704:February 22, 4702:. Retrieved 4698: 4674: 4652:. Retrieved 4648: 4638: 4626:. Retrieved 4624:. p. 20 4621: 4608: 4596:. Retrieved 4591: 4560:. Retrieved 4555: 4545: 4533:. Retrieved 4528: 4504:. Retrieved 4499: 4489: 4477:. Retrieved 4472: 4463: 4455: 4431:. Retrieved 4427: 4398:. Retrieved 4393: 4369:. Retrieved 4364: 4342: 4307: 4301: 4285: 4259:. Retrieved 4254: 4220: 4211: 4186:. Retrieved 4182: 4157:. Retrieved 4153: 4143: 4131:. Retrieved 4126: 4114: 4102:. Retrieved 4098: 4088: 4080: 4031: 4027: 4017: 3993: 3971:February 23, 3969:. Retrieved 3967:. April 2017 3964: 3942:February 23, 3940:. Retrieved 3936: 3926: 3914:. Retrieved 3909: 3896: 3884:. Retrieved 3880: 3837:November 13, 3835:. Retrieved 3830: 3805:. Retrieved 3801: 3748: 3690: 3681: 3673: 3615: 3603:. Retrieved 3599: 3590: 3580:– via 3574:. Retrieved 3569: 3545:. Retrieved 3540: 3505:. Retrieved 3501: 3492: 3480:. 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Retrieved 2543: 2491: 2485: 2482:Ghost Riders 2481: 2475: 2463:B'nai B'rith 2459: 2455: 2447: 2414: 2387: 2317: 2315:liberty ship 2311:World War II 2299:The town of 2289:The town of 2278: 2265:B'nai B'rith 2215: 2211: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2129: 2121: 2107: 2026:of Indiana; 2001: 1941: 1938: 1917:Jacksonville 1913: 1905: 1898: 1888: 1882: 1874: 1863: 1852: 1844: 1827: 1790: 1786: 1777: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1747: 1744:Grand Dragon 1736: 1734: 1727: 1723:Ku Klux Klan 1720: 1706: 1695: 1690: 1682: 1674: 1656: 1637: 1628: 1624: 1612: 1600: 1591: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1568: 1560: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1522: 1518: 1509: 1505: 1492: 1477: 1464: 1460: 1444: 1417: 1405:antisemitism 1398: 1385: 1376: 1370: 1368: 1360: 1319: 1298: 1286:John Letcher 1275: 1268: 1256: 1252: 1232: 1218: 1192: 1189: 1180: 1166: 1163:conscription 1160: 1153: 1146: 1133: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1106: 1096: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077:War Governor 1067: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1029:Fayetteville 1022: 1004:Malvern Hill 1001: 993: 958: 919: 907: 898: 889: 885: 869: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 829: 824: 814: 812: 799: 780: 761: 738: 729: 721: 680: 660: 645: 626: 622: 615: 603: 587:Valley Forge 560: 513:antisemitism 502: 490:U.S. Senator 481: 480: 462:Battles/wars 358:(1894-04-14) 343:May 13, 1830 311:Succeeded by 300: 279:Succeeded by 256: 222:Succeeded by 199: 187:Succeeded by 154: 134:Succeeded by 109: 108: 103: 91:Succeeded by 68: 29: 7235:1894 deaths 7230:1830 births 6793:R. W. Scott 6728:Daughtridge 6606:R. W. Scott 6581:W. K. Scott 6406:Spaight Jr. 6311:Spaight Sr. 6172:Matt Ransom 6146:Matt Ransom 6105:U.S. Senate 6053:Henry Clark 5878:. July 2004 4479:January 31, 4400:December 9, 4371:December 9, 2785:January 29, 2759:January 29, 2052:Fred DuBois 2044:George Gray 1788:unlawful." 1588:or Liberia. 1515:U.S. Senate 1409:Freemasonry 1006:outside of 571:David Vance 567:Weaverville 517:progressive 494:Confederate 398:(1868–1894) 386:(1852–1856) 267:Preceded by 215:Henry Clark 210:Preceded by 175:Preceded by 139:Matt Ransom 122:Preceded by 79:Preceded by 7224:Categories 7054:Bloodworth 6818:J. 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