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they originated. In certain
European centers, the zemirot were devised to be purposely accessible, hewing close to the melodic models of German folksongs so as to support the participation of the wider community in singing. The zemirot in their simplicity often proved a counterpoint to the growing elaborateness of cantorial synagogal liturgical music. Even still, the zemirot have lent themselves to the occasional insertion of opulent cantorial phrases, differentiating these zemirot from the gentile folk repertoires by uniting them with specifically Jewish musical developments. Still, at least some Ashkenazi tunes were conceived of for soloists in a more virtuosic vein, particularly for songs with deviating verse lengths (i.e. in contrast to the norm of zemirot alternating between choruses and verses of fixed length). By contrast, Sephardic tunes are generally more florid. One famous hymn,
527:
aspiration of transforming the domestic table into a recreation of the Temple altar. The first evidence for the practice of singing zemirot occurs in the northern French manuscript
Machzor Vitry, from around the turn of the 13th century. Per scholar Albert Kohn, the Machzor Vitry included a fixed repertoire of day and evening meal songs as a rabbinic initiative to create a domestically situated liturgy complete with sophisticated song texts for the occasion, particularly from poetry written by rabbis such as Ibn Ezra and other masters. According to Rabbi Eleazar of Worms, the zemirot could also have had various functional uses, becoming ritualized occasions for separating between the obligatory meals of Shabbat lunch and the third meal, or substituting for Grace after Meals.
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Yetzirah, Midrash, or
Talmudical or legal literature for either artistic or expressive reasons. Certain songs are primarily didactic, listing Sabbath prohibitions and issuing recommendations for pious conduct, while underscoring the ideas of Shabbat as a treasure and covenant. Often the lyrical tie-in to Shabbat is merely implicit. Over time, various songs have acquired an association with the Sabbath or holidays based on their incorporation of metaphors for Shabbat such as redemption and Jewish chosenness, even when mention of Shabbat is absent. These heightened themes reinforce the spiritual goals of Shabbat observance.
536:
favoring daytime zemirot, perhaps for the functional advantages of daytime zemirot such as the greater ease of reading lyric sheets in daylight (although some commentators have maintained that a reason for lighting
Shabbat candles is to enable singing of the zemirot). Generally, there are more mystically laden themes in the night meal songs compared to the daytime songs. While mystical songs like Isaac Luria's Asader Seudata trilogy were annexed to each of Shabbat's three meals, there is a greater proportion of such songs sung at night.
494:, specifically authored texts with the intention of utilization as Sabbath song texts, helping to promote a mystical renaissance in Jewish thought they were pioneering at the time. Using the tunes or styles of surrounding gentile musical selections from the Levant and Turkey, and at times deploying their metaphorical strategies as well, these zemirot have diffused throughout the Jewish world similarly to the influential mystical ideologies on which they depend.
32:
24:
518:(Ruler of the Universe) has proven particularly adaptable, and has been set to numerous tunes. New tunes continue to be written today for the same ancient lyrics. It is currently relatively rare, however, for new paraliturgical texts to be written, except for in the Sephardic and Mizrachi Jewish communities, (e.g. Aharon Amram, Asher Mizrachi, etc.) where pizmonim continue to be penned.
592:), is a rare Hasidic zemer. There is controversy surrounding its most common melody, which may have been used for another song, before being grafted onto Kah Echsof. The song describes the soul's yearning for it to be the day of Shabbat and confines its discussion to metaphysical and spiritualistic themes. It is typically sung at all three Shabbat meals by hasidim of
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There are three mandated meals for
Shabbat, and each meal is associated with its own zemirot - yet the association was in flux, particularly when it came to separating between the Shabbat lunch and the third meal. Generally, the earliest compilations of zemirot featured very few nighttime zemirot,
510:
The melodies of the zemirot vary greatly from one Jewish community to another, a result of the adaptation of Jewish liturgical content to what was available, namely local tunes and/or styles of music amid non-Jews. Hence, repertoires will differ among the diverse Jewish exilic communities in which
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The zemirot are quintessentially associated with the
Shabbat table, as a domestic form of liturgy constituting a pious practice for participants and vying in stature with synagogal singing. The inclusion of songs into the gustatory rites of Shabbat is thought to help achieve the Jewish religious
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that have been passed down from generation to generation. Lyrically, zemirot tend to focus on the themes of the
Sabbath or the specific holiday being celebrated while employing intertextual references to the extended Jewish canon from sources as diverse as the Bible, mystical works like Sefer
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has become associated with one of the three obligatory meals of
Shabbat: the Friday evening meal, the Saturday day meal, and the third Sabbath meal that typically starts just before sundown on Saturday afternoon. In some editions of the Jewish prayerbook
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that in other eras were sung to close the sabbath. One reason for this confusion could be that many of the zemirot were written to bridge
Shabbat lunch and the third meal, typically by functioning as a type of musical substitute for grace after meals.
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807:. The song exemplifies the genre of saudade, or a song of nostalgia and homesickness sung by the Portuguese. In this case, the poem expresses an exilic longing for the high culture of the medieval Iberian Peninsula or for Zion.
486:. The extra-liturgical domestic tradition of singing the zemirot increasingly gained a foothold in Jewish praxis by the 11th to 12th centuries. In the 16th century, especially, certain kabbalists of Safed and Italy such as
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Baruch Hashem Yom Yom (Rabbi
Moreinu Shimon ben Rabbeinu Yitschak). In many communities, this song is divided, with the second part - beginning either with Bevo'o Mei'Edom or Yetzaveh Tzur Chasdo - reserved for the third
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for practices relating to this meal.) Besides for the Zemirot listed, several of those from the second meal - Baruch Kel Elyon, Yom Zeh Mechubad, Deror Yikrah, Ki Eshm'ra Shabbat - are typically also sung.
1000:
https://www.academia.edu/38096528/SONGS_WERE_FOR_ME_YOUR_STATUTES_WHEREVER_I_MAY_DWELL_PSALMS_119_54_A_History_of_the_Jewish_Custom_to_Sing_around_the_Table_on_the_Sabbath_Shabbat_Zemirot_1200_1600
1531:
982:"SONGS WERE FOR ME YOUR STATUTES WHEREVER I MAY DWELL (PSALMS 119:54): A History of the Jewish Custom to Sing around the Table on the Sabbath (Shabbat Zemirot), 1200-1600"
963:"SONGS WERE FOR ME YOUR STATUTES WHEREVER I MAY DWELL (PSALMS 119:54): A History of the Jewish Custom to Sing around the Table on the Sabbath (Shabbat Zemirot), 1200-1600"
482:, which were then set to music at a later point, with some appropriated for paraliturgical purposes, such as the zemirot, and others for liturgical use, as with the
566:), part of Luria's Shabbat trilogy for the three Shabbat meals, taking place in the apple orchard where mystical events can take place within the sefirotic context.
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Seudah Shlishit ("the Third Meal") or Shalosh Seudos (literally, "Three Meals") is the third mandatory meal eaten for Shabbat, eaten in the afternoon. (See
556:(Proverbs 31:10-31), an allegorical song about a woman of valor, often sung in praise of the participation of women in the preparations for Shabbat.
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to describe their own tradition of extra-liturgical, domestic songs, albeit these songs are more commonly sung at times other than Shabbat.
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is one of many that can be used to describe the table hymns of Shabbat, and the term is particularly popular in the parlance of
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The earliest zemirot compilations featured numerous day songs. The repertoire today includes several migrant compositions like
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Mah Yedidut (an otherwise-unidentified poet whose name, Menachem, is spelled by the initial letters of each stanza)
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550:(Unknown Author), sung to greet the visiting Shabbat angels and secure the blessings of the Shabbat angels.
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The later section of Baruch Hashem Yom Yom, beginning either with Bevo'o Mei'Edom or Yetzaveh Tzur Chasdo
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See generally, Albert Kohn's analysis of Eleazar of Worms in his paper on the origin of the zemirot.
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Ya'alah Bo'i L'Gani (Israel Najara) utilizes imagery of a garden, likening Israel to an ibex.
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derive from a corpus of poems written by various rabbis and sages during the early
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https://ketab3.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/encyclopaedia-judaica-v-21-wel-zy.pdf
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Bendigamos Al Altissimo. This is very similar to other songs about bentsching.
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Ladino (Hekatia, Judaeo-Spanish, Judaeo-Catalan, Judaeo-Portuguese) Zemirot
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Jewish Encyclopedia Entry on Zemirot. Joseph Jacobs and Francis L Cohen.
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Jewish Encyclopedia Entry on Zemirot. Joseph Jacobs and Francis L Cohen.
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Jewish Encyclopedia Entry on Zemirot. Joseph Jacobs and Francis L Cohen.
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Jewish Encyclopedia Entry on Zemirot. Joseph Jacobs and Francis L Cohen.
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to describe God's ultimate sovereignty over the array of created beings.
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Among the zemirot most often associated with the Friday night meal:
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affirms the importance of dedicating oneself to Shabbat observance.
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Encyclopedia Judaica entry for Zemirot. Ernst Daniel Goldschmidt.
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Marinero Soy de Amor. The lyrics are taken from poetry by
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Others of the zemirot were likely conceived as anonymous
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Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish prayers and blessings
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http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15239-zemirot
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http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15239-zemirot
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http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15239-zemirot
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http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15239-zemirot
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Jewish Music Research Center Lexicon Entry on Zemirot.
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Ribon Kol Ha'Olamim, a long prayer - not usually sung
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416:), the words to these hymns are printed after the (
437:, zemirot refers to the sequence of psalms in the
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748:(Psalm 23), sung three times in some communities
926:https://jewish-music.huji.ac.il/content/zemirot
449:. The Sephardic communities often use the term
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867:Neil Lavin. The Zemirot Anthology. Page viii
727:Third Meal (Seudah Shlishit, Shalosh Seudos)
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706:Shabbat Hayom L'Hashem (Shmuel HeHasid)
703:Malechet Machshevet Bi (Ariel Amsellem)
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1137:Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum
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1020:Traditional Sephardi Zemirot
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1416:Shabbat pedestrian crossing
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637:Odeh La'Kel (Shmaya Kasson)
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684:(Rabbi Baruch ben Samuel)
456:In Yiddish, the variant
1497:Jewish liturgical poems
401:and to some extent the
1478:List of Shabbat topics
1025:Shabbat Zemirot Videos
844:Religious Jewish music
797:Los Caminos de Sirkeci
794:Las Compras del Rabino
661:Saturday Lunch Zemirot
570:Post Kiddush Zemirot:
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1198:Brisket (Jewish dish)
712:Yom Shabbaton (Rabbi
543:Pre-Kiddush Zemirot:
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1131:Weekly Torah portion
1015:The Zemirot Database
813:Non Komo Muestro Dio
775:Kuando el rey Nimrod
590:Aharon of Karlin (I)
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562:Azameir Bishvachin (
531:Friday Night Zemirot
179:Israeli folk dancing
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805:Miguel de Cervantes
640:Racheim B'Chasdecha
266:Passover (Haggadah)
121:Mainstream and jazz
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700:(Abraham Ibn Ezra)
698:Ki Eshm'ra Shabbat
204:Music for holidays
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779:Dezilde a Mi Amor
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656:Yom Zeh L'Yisrael
633:Menuchah v'Simcha
579:Shimon bar Yochai
420:) for each meal.
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839:Mah Navu Alei
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621:Kol Mekadeish
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594:Karlin-Stolin
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554:Eishet Chayil
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41:Israeli music
33:
25:
21:
20:
1512:Jewish music
1411:Sabbath mode
1406:Shabbat lamp
1391:KosherSwitch
1208:Gefilte fish
1135:
1115:
1096:Yedid Nefesh
994:
985:
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932:
920:
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863:
761:Kel Mistater
755:Yedid Nefesh
733:main article
730:
714:Judah Halevi
664:
643:Tsur Mishelo
613:Kol Beruei (
588:Kah Echsof (
569:
541:
538:
534:
525:
512:
509:
496:
471:
461:
457:
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422:
374:
370:
366:
363:
355:or Z'miros (
352:
351:
242:Dreidel song
220:
211:
68:
57:Contemporary
16:Jewish hymns
1522:Vocal music
1384:Innovations
1365:Shabbos goy
1320:Electricity
1284:Kiddush cup
1188:Kosher wine
1172:Torah study
1101:Lekhah Dodi
825:Shir Nashir
782:Dos Amantes
687:Chay Hashem
615:ibn Gabirol
564:Isaac Luria
488:Isaac Luria
480:Middle Ages
273:Ma Nishtana
235:Oh Chanukah
1491:Categories
1218:Vorschmack
855:References
575:Bar Yochai
499:folk songs
369:singular:
314:Bar Yochai
307:Lag BaOmer
290:Chad Gadya
254:Mi Y'malel
247:Al Hanisim
39:Jewish and
1434:Shabbaton
626:Mah Yafit
514:Adon Olam
460:(plural:
423:The term
230:Blessings
126:Classical
109:Sephardic
48:Religious
1462:Havdalah
1150:Haftarah
1121:Baqashot
889:"Zemerl"
833:See also
506:Melodies
484:piyyutim
451:pizmonim
443:Talmudic
222:Hanukkah
151:Hatikvah
86:Baqashot
81:Pizmonim
1537:Zemirot
1507:Shabbat
1350:Muktzeh
1315:Driving
1300:Melakha
1262:Objects
1253:Yapchik
1243:Jachnun
1238:Kubaneh
1223:Cholent
1193:Challah
1116:Zemirot
1111:Kiddush
1081:Rituals
1078:Prayers
1061:Shabbat
849:Shabbat
522:History
475:zemirot
426:zemirot
418:kiddush
408:zemirot
399:Shabbat
397:during
391:Yiddish
387:Aramaic
364:zǝmîrôt
353:Zemirot
283:Adir Hu
213:Shabbat
114:Mizrahi
104:Klezmer
95:Secular
69:Zemirot
1370:Shinuy
1248:Sabich
1213:Helzel
1145:Maftir
810:Morena
462:zmires
458:zemerl
414:siddur
395:Ladino
383:Hebrew
379:Jewish
377:) are
371:zimrah
361:זמירות
357:Hebrew
278:Dayenu
259:Ner Li
184:Ballet
142:Israel
64:Piyyut
1345:Grama
1274:Blech
1233:Mouna
1228:Kugel
678:meal.
583:Zohar
472:Many
445:name
375:zemer
191:Horah
170:Dance
74:Nigun
1325:Eruv
1293:Laws
1181:Food
490:and
1066:שבת
393:or
385:or
1493::
984:.
965:.
359::
1069:)
1063:(
1053:e
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1039:v
988:.
969:.
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694:)
602:(
596:.
585:.
516:,
412:(
367:,
341:e
334:t
327:v
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