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Zen
Buddhism found its first foothold in North America due to pre-war Japanese immigration. Various temples and Buddhist associations were set up by Japanese immigrants in North America. By the 1950s various Buddhist centers were being established in Europe, Australia, and North America by immigrant
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criticized
American beatnik's unprincipled approach to Zen and the overly-conservative approach of Japanese disciples. Despite the criticism Beat writers were instrumental in popularizing Zen, with the most notable work being
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164:. Suzuki's classes were filled with those wanting to learn more about Buddhism, and the presence of a Zen master inspired the students. Shunryu Suzuki's
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conflicts, nuclear anxieties, and other social injustices. The surge in interest is thought to have been heavily influenced by lectures on Zen given by
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monks or western disciples. Some westerners by the 1950s began to travel to Japan to receive Zen instruction. One notable teacher for westerners was
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was attended by various artists and psychotherapists. Interest in
Buddhism generated by these lectures only reached small circles of beatniks.
59:. Snyder would influence fellow Beat poets from Allen Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac, to Philip Whalen, to also follow his interest in Zen.
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practices in North
America, Europe, and elsewhere around the world beginning in the 1950s and continuing into the 1970s.
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are regarded as the spring for the growing interest in
Buddhism. He is a known influence on the works of
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was seen as an alluring philosophical practice that acted as a tranquilizing agent against the memory of
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also grew dramatically, especially due to the arrival of
Tibetan lamas in the West after the
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170:(1970), quickly became one of America's Buddhist classics. He founded the
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had become a hot topic among some groups in the United States, especially
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from 1950 to 1958, as well as his many books on the subject. Authors like
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Long
Strange Journey On Modern Zen, Zen Art, and Other Predicaments
218:' and with the extremely charismatic and influential figure of the
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had already established an interest in
Tibetan Buddhism, through
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128:' work would later come to prominence and receive coverage in
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Bokujinkai: Japanese
Calligraphy and the Postwar Avant-Garde
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during the middle of the 60s counterculture (1962).
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67:as a guide to Zen intended for western audiences.
190:'s publication of an adaptation of the so-called
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290:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 102–105.
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344:. Columbia University Press. pp. 46–50.
317:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 86–88.
108:who would devote his career to spreading
55:also traveled to Japan to formally study
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373:Hughes Seager, 1999, p. 98.
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204:Chinese occupation of Tibet
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196:The Psychedelic Experience
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23:was a rise in interest in
417:Buddhism in North America
167:Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind
338:Seager, Richard (2012).
284:Levine, Gregory (2017).
192:Tibetan Book of the Dead
172:San Francisco Zen Center
245:. Brill. p. 101.
206:and the creation of a
184:sixties counterculture
427:20th-century Buddhism
382:Coleman, 2001, p. 66.
273:. Harvard University.
132:. Watts' famous book
178:1960s counterculture
341:Buddhism in America
45:Columbia University
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57:Zen Buddhism
33:World War II
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102:Erich Fromm
53:Gary Snyder
41:D.T. Suzuki
411:Categories
267:"Zen Boom"
226:References
220:Dalai Lama
126:Alan Watts
106:Alan Watts
61:Alan Watts
212:Hollywood
98:John Cage
35:, active
162:beatniks
37:Cold War
21:Zen boom
76:Origins
71:History
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182:The
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