1710:
1698:
719:
5959:
441:
2455:"A major case of language shift is occurring in which the use of Zhuang and other minority languages is restricted mainly to rural areas because Zhuang-speaking villages, like Jingxi, which develop into towns become more and more of Mandarin-speaking towns. Zhuang-speaking villages become non-Zhuang-speaking towns! And children of Zhuang-speaking parents in cities are likely not to speak Zhuang as a mother-tongue."
5971:
481:
774:
published to date. It reports survey work carried out in the 1950s, and includes a 1465-word list covering 36 varieties of Zhuang. For the list of the 36 Zhuang variants below from Zhang (1999), the name of the region (usually county) is given first, followed by the specific village. The phylogenetic
1755:
logograms were directly borrowed from Han characters, whereas others were created locally from components of
Chinese characters. It has been used for writing songs, and more recently in public communications encouraging people to follow official family planning policy.
1026:
of Zhuang, developed by the government for certain official usages. Although
Southern Zhuang varieties have aspirated stops, Northern Zhuang varieties lack them. There are over 60 distinct tonal systems with 5–11 tones depending on the variety.
1009:
The Zhuang language (or language group) has been divided by
Chinese linguists into northern and southern "dialects" (fāngyán 方言 in Chinese), each of which has been divided into a number of vernacular varieties (known as
623:. The Zhuang languages do not form a monophyletic linguistic unit, as northern and southern Zhuang languages are more closely related to other Tai languages than to each other. Northern Zhuang languages form a
706:
posited that the split between Zhuang and the
Southwestern Tai languages happened no earlier than the founding of Jiaozhi in 112 BC. He also argues that the departure of the
5714:
1671:
1096:
864:
1379:(about 3,000 Zhuang people) counties. These include the following varieties named after administrative villages that are documented by Wei (2017).
4799:
1287:
2452:
2282:
1641:
1597:
5784:
2510:
2041:
Zhang
Yuansheng and Wei Xingyun. 1997. "Regional variants and vernaculars in Zhuang." In Jerold A. Edmondson and David B. Solnit (eds.),
1331:
912:
5691:
4405:
2554:
2201:
1911:
2350:
2161:
2072:
2050:
2045:, 77–96. Publications in Linguistics, 124. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
1949:
2572:
4792:
463:
2431:
1774:. In 1982, it was updated to use only Latin letters. These are referred to as the 'old' and 'new' Zhuang, respectively.
2699:
1199:
1191:
1076:
852:
2414:
2304:
710:
from southern China must predate the 5th century AD, when the Tai who remained in China began to take family names.
2503:
1072:
670:
The Tai languages are believed to have been originally spoken in what is now southern China, with speakers of the
2602:
1088:
1080:
1031:
453:
17:
1977:"The power of language over the past: Tai settlement and Tai linguistics in southern China and northern Vietnam"
1976:
686:) having emigrated in the face of Chinese expansion. Noting that both the Zhuang and Thai peoples have the same
4785:
1160:
888:
582:
5751:
574:
224:
1847:
B b D d G g C c By by Mb mb Nd nd Gv gv Y y Gy gy M m N n Ng ng Ny ny My my F f S s H h Ngv ngv V v L l R r
1709:
1697:
1668:
is a recently discovered
Southern Zhuang variety that has never been described previous to Johnson (2011). (
242:
5929:
5684:
3635:
2695:
445:
Geographic distribution of Zhuang dialects in
Guangxi and related languages in Northern Vietnam and Guizhou
2345:(in Chinese and English). Kunming: Yunnan minzu chubanshe / The Nationalities Publishing House of Yunnan.
5997:
5759:
2550:
2496:
2435:
5835:
5802:
5637:
5616:
5262:
671:
5939:
5797:
3544:
1624:
language complex in
Vietnam is also considered one of the varieties of Central Tai and shares a high
1195:
1018:
dialect of
Yongbei Zhuang, classified within the "Northern Zhuang dialect", is considered to be the "
291:
5975:
5168:
4025:
3564:
3529:
2630:
1896:
Mikael
Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in
1516:
1455:
1347:
1261:
1146:
1061:
2447:
5919:
5677:
5252:
4726:
4420:
3678:
3589:
3471:
3466:
1922:
1486:
1299:
1235:
1203:
2063:
Luo, Yongxian (2008). "Zhuang". In Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerold A.; Luo, Yongxian (eds.).
777:
6002:
5499:
5473:
5422:
5402:
5140:
4449:
4266:
3948:
2773:
2768:
2739:
2727:
1625:
1538:
1321:
1184:
1116:
1051:
990:
846:
144:
5242:
1664:, all of which are Southern Zhuang varieties except for Yei Zhuang, which is Northern Zhuang.
5855:
5830:
5597:
5564:
5237:
5232:
5204:
5158:
4906:
4808:
4738:
4714:
4437:
4400:
2898:
1718:
1682:
1678:
1541:
1445:
1187:
1035:
148:
126:
4612:
2448:
The prospects for the long-term survival of Non-Han minority languages in the south of China
1759:
There has also been the occasional use of a number of other scripts, including pictographic
5845:
5514:
5299:
5227:
5212:
4877:
4385:
4246:
4065:
4045:
4030:
3766:
3731:
3539:
2458:
2407:
Multilingualism in China: The Politics of Writing Reforms for Minority Languages, 1949–2002
2283:"A Sociolinguistic Introduction to the Central Taic Languages of Wenshan Prefecture, China"
1898:
1649:
1583:
1567:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1451:
1057:
8:
5644:
5222:
5217:
5163:
5055:
4698:
4678:
4442:
4369:
4070:
4020:
4015:
3426:
2993:
2577:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1609:
1593:
1553:
1309:
1271:
703:
644:
5457:
5417:
4055:
4040:
2655:
2175:
5792:
5630:
5623:
5509:
5504:
5452:
5412:
5407:
5309:
4643:
4415:
4349:
4298:
4251:
4195:
3925:
3868:
3594:
2750:
2519:
1872:
1741:
537:
4050:
2660:
2209:
2202:"Language Name and Locationː Pyang Zhuang (Fuping), China [Not on Ethnologue]"
430:
5888:
5820:
5764:
5359:
5324:
5294:
5289:
4925:
4622:
4282:
4156:
4101:
3993:
3901:
3896:
3853:
3775:
3506:
3486:
3411:
3388:
3161:
3043:
3013:
2855:
2846:
2798:
2788:
2635:
2567:
2481:
2410:
2365:
2346:
2300:
2294:
Zhuàng-Hàn-Yīng cídiǎn / Guengh Gun Yingh swzdenj / Zhuang–Chinese–English Dictionary
2157:
2068:
2046:
1945:
1474:
1466:
1213:
1126:
1084:
1019:
930:
924:
858:
798:
691:
624:
2107:
2089:
459:
5963:
5872:
5825:
5723:
5574:
5538:
5437:
5427:
5380:
5375:
5194:
5070:
5040:
5030:
4961:
4946:
4872:
4693:
4688:
4658:
4617:
4597:
4486:
4481:
4425:
4395:
4344:
4233:
4106:
4086:
4035:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3911:
3906:
3888:
3736:
3726:
3630:
3579:
3574:
3549:
3476:
3169:
3146:
3141:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3023:
2963:
2888:
2831:
2826:
2811:
2582:
2533:
2340:
Zhuàngzú wénhuà yíchǎn jí zhuàngyǔ yánjiū / Zhuang Cultural and Linguistic Heritage
2017:
1579:
1433:
1360:
1359:
In east-central Guangxi, there are isolated pockets of Northern Zhuang speakers in
1108:
1023:
495:
5442:
4241:
2467:
1926:
1621:
1014:土語 in Chinese) by Chinese linguists (Zhang & Wei 1997; Zhang 1999:29-30). The
5934:
5774:
5579:
5369:
5337:
5304:
5284:
5183:
5153:
5148:
5115:
5102:
5088:
5080:
5065:
5060:
5035:
5025:
5015:
4997:
4989:
4941:
4859:
4849:
4839:
4673:
4663:
4653:
4602:
4592:
4466:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4218:
4208:
4203:
4171:
4161:
4146:
4136:
4126:
4096:
4060:
4010:
3973:
3938:
3878:
3858:
3838:
3803:
3788:
3783:
3706:
3645:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3559:
3451:
3421:
3370:
3345:
3330:
3304:
3299:
3279:
3264:
3209:
3151:
3136:
3131:
3116:
3111:
3056:
2988:
2968:
2903:
2878:
2806:
2783:
2685:
2650:
2645:
2620:
2592:
2587:
2476:
1940:
Bradley, David (2007). "East and Southeast Asia". In Moseley, Christopher (ed.).
1775:
1771:
1571:
1526:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1415:
1406:
1372:
1368:
1291:
1275:
1180:
1142:
1138:
984:
960:
954:
894:
840:
828:
810:
660:
652:
636:
551:
411:
401:
179:
118:
5247:
1617:
1034:
has indicated that some of these are themselves multiple languages that are not
648:
5944:
5769:
5660:
5607:
5554:
5529:
5494:
5447:
5319:
5314:
5050:
5020:
5007:
4930:
4914:
4887:
4882:
4867:
4829:
4683:
4627:
4607:
4410:
4375:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4261:
4213:
4151:
4121:
4116:
3978:
3968:
3933:
3843:
3808:
3793:
3741:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3640:
3584:
3554:
3534:
3524:
3519:
3496:
3416:
3401:
3396:
3365:
3340:
3325:
3320:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3199:
3174:
3121:
3033:
3018:
2983:
2953:
2948:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2836:
2821:
2763:
2758:
2665:
2625:
2610:
1877:
1512:
1283:
1279:
1257:
1223:
1112:
942:
882:
822:
816:
804:
391:
381:
308:
191:
2640:
2369:
1746:
5991:
5840:
5489:
5432:
5396:
5364:
5330:
5279:
5178:
5125:
4979:
4971:
4936:
4834:
4824:
4816:
4668:
4542:
4518:
4461:
4290:
4223:
4181:
4166:
4091:
3943:
3848:
3721:
3716:
3569:
3481:
3461:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3406:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3335:
3294:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3126:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3028:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2978:
2958:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2893:
2883:
2868:
2863:
2816:
2778:
2680:
2670:
2441:
2139:
1760:
1605:
1424:
1397:
1364:
1339:
1313:
1218:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1134:
1104:
1092:
1015:
978:
876:
834:
786:
683:
675:
664:
604:
600:
360:
139:
99:
1770:
and expanded with Cyrillic- and IPA-derived letters was introduced to write
1038:
without previous exposure on the part of speakers, resulting in 16 separate
722:
Sites surveyed in Zhang (1999), subgrouped according to Pittayaporn (2009):
5354:
5189:
5045:
4956:
4951:
4919:
4892:
4648:
4513:
4476:
4176:
4141:
4131:
4111:
3983:
3863:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3798:
3686:
3610:
3514:
3491:
3184:
3051:
2973:
2923:
2873:
2675:
2615:
2276:. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
1767:
1686:
1632:. The Nùng An language has a mixture of Northern and Central Tai features.
1530:
1500:
1470:
996:
972:
966:
936:
771:
679:
628:
5736:
406:
396:
386:
376:
365:
355:
344:
334:
327:
320:
313:
303:
296:
286:
275:
268:
259:
5850:
5812:
5741:
5731:
5110:
5098:
4844:
4559:
4535:
4508:
4498:
4471:
4456:
4432:
4256:
3833:
3756:
3751:
3711:
3441:
1685:
are recently described Southern Zhuang (Central Tai) languages spoken in
1534:
792:
707:
640:
370:
349:
339:
131:
1799:ƌ Gv gv Y y Gy gy M m N n Ŋ ŋ Ny ny My my F f S s H h Ŋv ŋv V v L l R r
639:, whereas Southern Zhuang languages form another dialect continuum with
5569:
5173:
4587:
4525:
4503:
3873:
3746:
280:
2022:
718:
440:
5903:
4564:
4552:
4547:
4491:
3823:
2562:
2488:
2463:
1987:
1343:
1335:
1039:
620:
419:
252:
234:
216:
4777:
1986:. Bangkok, Thailand: Ek Phim Thai Co. pp. 39–63. Archived from
5924:
5893:
4530:
1482:
1249:
1245:
1227:
1030:
Zhang (1999) identified 13 Zhuang varieties. Later research by the
948:
471:
2472:
2108:"ISO 639-3 Registration Authority, Change Request Number 2007-027"
2090:"ISO 639-3 Registration Authority, Change Request Number 2006-128"
1982:. In Jimmy G. Harris; Somsonge Burusphat; James E. Harris (eds.).
5860:
5710:
5700:
5669:
4569:
1732:
1726:
1702:
1629:
1478:
1231:
1168:
918:
906:
775:
position of each variant follows that of Pittayaporn (2009) (see
699:
656:
632:
612:
562:
467:
203:
199:
27:
Various Tai languages used by the Zhuang people of southern China
5898:
1916:
1855:
A a I i U u E e O o Oe oe (from Ɵ) Ae ae (from Ə) W w (from Ɯ)
1645:
1640:
Johnson (2011) distinguishes four distinct Zhuang languages in
1601:
1575:
1387:
1376:
1317:
1295:
1156:
1130:
900:
687:
616:
590:
480:
1253:
1100:
870:
608:
89:
2176:"A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dejing Zhuang Dialect Area"
2288:. SIL International. SIL Electronic Survey Report 2010-027.
1730:
script for over a thousand years, possibly preceded by the
1672:
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture#Ethnic groups
528:
510:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1812:
1808:
1796:
1792:
999:(Tǔ people 土族) – Hēimò Township 黑末鄉大寨, Dàzhài – Subgroup P
987:(Nóng people 儂族) – Xiǎoguǎngnán Township 小廣南鄉 – Subgroup L
525:
519:
501:
470:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
507:
2468:
collection of Zhuang Mogong Texts from Bama and Tianyang
1628:
with Wenshan Dai and other Southern Zhuang dialects in
2174:
Jackson, Bruce; Jackson, Andy; Lau, Shuh Huey (2012).
1724:
The Zhuang languages have been written in the ancient
2400:] (in Chinese). Chengdu: Sichuan minzu chubanshe.
2272:
Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B., eds. (1997).
2267:(in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi minzu chubanshe. 1984.
1537:. Jackson, Jackson and Lau (2012) distinguished two
522:
504:
111:
16 million, all Northern Zhuang languages (2007)
1984:
Studies in Southeast Asian languages and linguistics
2140:"Hongshui He Zhuang dialect intelligibility survey"
1386:Village 蘆崗村, Etang Town 鵝塘鎮, Pinggui District 平桂區,
831:(Shā people 沙族) – Zhěméng Township 者孟鄉 – Subgroup N
516:
498:
993:(Nóng people 儂族) – Kuāxī Township 誇西鄉 – Subgroup L
2173:
1450:Southern Zhuang dialects are spoken south of the
5989:
1942:Encyclopedia of the World's Engangered Languages
1183:. Castro and Hansen (2010) distinguished three
1056:Northern Zhuang comprises dialects north of the
2409:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 251–258.
2333:(in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi minzu chubanshe.
2271:
1635:
2453:Field Notes on the Pronominal System of Zhuang
5685:
4793:
2504:
2377:Wei, Qingwen 韋慶穩; Tan, Guosheng 覃國生 (1980).
2338:Wang, Mingfu 王明富; Johnson, Eric 江子楊 (2008).
2137:
939:(Central) – Dàtáng Township 大塘鄉 – Subgroup M
556:
541:
2337:
2011:
927:(South) – Xiàfāng Township 下枋鄉 – Subgroup M
663:is based on the Northern Zhuang dialect of
5692:
5678:
4800:
4786:
2726:
2511:
2497:
2156:桂东壮语语音研究. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社.
2037:
2035:
2033:
631:varieties across the provincial border in
439:
434: = Daic; Zhuang is not a valid group
2178:. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2012-036.
2142:. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2010-025.
2021:
1974:
2122:
2120:
1708:
1696:
717:
479:
2384:(in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
2321:(in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
2280:
2189:
2087:
2030:
1939:
770:) is the most detailed study of Zhuang
464:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
5990:
2518:
2389:Zhang, Junru 張均如; et al. (1999).
2376:
2362:Guidong Zhuangyu yuyin yanjiu 桂東壯語語音研究
1766:In 1957, a hybrid script based on the
272: – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang
5673:
4807:
4781:
3666:
2725:
2492:
2388:
2126:
2117:
957:– Fēnghuáng Township 鳳璜鄉 – Subgroup B
550:
5970:
4858:
2404:
2244:
2229:
2138:Hansen, Bruce; Castro, Andy (2010).
2016:(Ph.D. thesis). Cornell University.
1890:
945:– Jiàodīng Township 叫丁鄉 – Subgroup C
3667:
2459:Map of Major Zhuang language groups
2359:
2325:
2313:
2105:
2062:
963:– Bīnqiáo Township 彬橋鄉 – Subgroup F
933:– Xiǎolín Township 小林鄉 – Subgroup M
24:
5699:
2475:Official Zhuang language version (
2364:. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社.
2299:. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe. 2004.
2232:Tonal Development of Tai Languages
2056:
1858:
1692:
1439:
1354:
1045:
981:– Xīnhé Township 新和鄉 – Subgroup L
25:
6014:
2425:
2274:Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch
2043:Comparative Kadai: The Tai branch
1405:Village 西坪村, Zouma Township 走馬鄉,
1375:(about 5,000 Zhuang people), and
969:– Hòuyì Township 後益鄉 – Subgroup H
837:– Gēhán Township 戈寒鄉 – Subgroup N
698:, from the Chinese commandery of
5969:
5958:
5957:
2234:(M.A. thesis). Payap University.
2012:Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009).
1842:
1837:
1818:
1781:
1432:Village 林岩村, Qingtang Town 清塘鎮,
1155:紅水河 (2,823,000 speakers): South
951:– Fùlù Township 福鹿鄉 – Subgroup C
921:– Nàhé Township 那河鄉 – Subgroup I
801:(North) – Wǔtáng 五塘 – Subgroup N
778:Tai languages#Pittayaporn (2009)
494:
2253:
2238:
2223:
2194:
2183:
2167:
2146:
2131:
2099:
1944:. Routledge. pp. 349–422.
1465:邕南 (1,466,000 speakers): South
1423:Village 坭塘村, Yuantou Town 源頭鎮,
1396:Village 啟善村, Yuantou Town 源頭鎮,
1212:邕北 (1,448,000 speakers): North
1032:Summer Institute of Linguistics
975:– Yuándì'èrqū 原第二區 – Subgroup L
915:– Xiǎosānjiāng 小三江 – Subgroup N
2442:Zhuang language & alphabet
2081:
2005:
1968:
1959:
1933:
1904:
1786:
595:
586:
578:
13:
1:
2154:Guidong Zhuangyu yuyin yanjiu
1975:Edmondson, Jerold A. (2007).
1883:
1850:
1778:is written in Latin script.
1636:Recently described varieties
1414:Village 謝村, Xinxu Town 新圩鎮,
1004:
885:– Chéngxiāng 城廂 – Subgroup N
789:– Shuāngqiáo 雙橋 – Subgroup M
599:) are the more than a dozen
324: – Liujiang Zhuang
317: – Lianshan Zhuang
7:
1866:
1570:; 308,000 speakers): South
1454:, with 4,232,000 speakers (
1060:, with 8,572,200 speakers (
855:– Chéngguǎn 城管 – Subgroup N
331: – Liuqian Zhuang
10:
6019:
5836:Zhuang customs and culture
5803:Guangxi Medical University
2398:A Study of Zhuang Dialects
2360:Wei, Mingying 韋名應 (2017).
2326:Tan, Guosheng 覃國生 (1996).
2314:Tan, Xiaohang 覃曉航 (1995).
2014:The Phonology of Proto-Tai
1802:
1443:
1049:
713:
672:Southwestern Tai languages
635:, which are designated as
300: – Guibei Zhuang
5953:
5930:Jingjiang Princes' Palace
5912:
5881:
5811:
5798:Guangxi Normal University
5783:
5750:
5722:
5708:
5654:
5606:
5588:
5551:
5527:
5482:
5466:
5389:
5347:
5272:
5261:
5203:
5139:
5124:
5097:
5079:
5006:
4988:
4970:
4905:
4815:
4749:
4722:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
4707:
4636:
4580:
4384:
4322:
4275:
4232:
4194:
4079:
4001:
3992:
3924:
3887:
3774:
3765:
3677:
3673:
3662:
3603:
3505:
3387:
3313:
3160:
3042:
2854:
2845:
2797:
2749:
2738:
2734:
2721:
2714:
2694:
2601:
2549:
2542:
2526:
2281:Johnson, Eric C. (2010).
2152:Wei, Mingying 韦名应. 2017.
2088:Johnson, Eric C. (2007).
1495:左江 (1,384,000 speakers):
1256:City area; all along the
1200:Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang
1192:Central Hongshuihe Zhuang
1125:柳江 (1,297,000 speakers):
1071:桂北 (1,290,000 speakers):
909:– Shānběi 山北 – Subgroup N
849:– Luòdōng 洛東 – Subgroup N
843:– Bǎipéng 百朋 – Subgroup N
825:– Sìchéng 泗城 – Subgroup N
450:
438:
417:
292:Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang
250:
232:
214:
209:
188:
170:
115:
105:
95:
85:
37:
32:
2393:
2381:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2296:
2264:
1744:, similar to Vietnamese
1717:used by Zhuang women in
1363:(14,200 Zhuang people),
903:– Sìjiǎo 寺腳 – Subgroup N
897:– Dàfēng 大豐 – Subgroup N
819:– Lìzhōu 利周 – Subgroup N
813:– Héhéng 合恒 – Subgroup N
484:Books of Zhuang language
5920:Longsheng Rice Terraces
4719:Northern (Beijing) Sign
2405:Zhou, Minglang (2003).
2391:Zhuàngyǔ fāngyán yánjiū
2328:Zhuàngyǔ fāngyán gàilùn
2065:The Tai-Kadai Languages
2002:(see p. 15 of preprint)
1923:Oxford University Press
1539:mutually unintelligible
1525:得靖 (979,000 speakers):
1371:(4,300 Zhuang people),
1367:(2,100 Zhuang people),
1244:右江 (732,000 speakers):
1185:mutually unintelligible
891:– Liùlǐ 六里 – Subgroup N
873:– Sānqū 三區 – Subgroup N
867:– Rìxīn 日新 – Subgroup N
807:– Xīnxū 新圩 – Subgroup N
764:Zhuàngyǔ Fāngyán Yánjiù
2728:Sino-Tibetan languages
1791:B b D d G g C c By by
1721:
1713:the 81 symbols of the
1706:
1626:mutual intelligibility
1330:連山 (33,200 speakers):
1190:: Central Hongshuihe (
1052:Northern Tai languages
879:– Méma 麼麻 – Subgroup N
861:– Ānzì 安治 – Subgroup N
795:– Nàxù 那旭 – Subgroup N
759:
615:and adjacent parts of
557:
542:
485:
452:This article contains
5940:Ban Gioc–Detian Falls
5856:Southwestern Mandarin
5831:Cantonese nationalism
2436:Swadesh-list appendix
2432:Kra-Dai Swadesh lists
2067:. London: Routledge.
1965:A1 designates a tone.
1919:UK English Dictionary
1719:Funing County, Yunnan
1712:
1700:
1446:Central Tai languages
1312:; 122,000 speakers):
1274:; 827,000 speakers):
1036:mutually intelligible
721:
702:in northern Vietnam,
548:Zhuang pronunciation:
483:
5846:Varieties of Chinese
2473:Sawcuengh People.com
2230:Liao, Hanbo (2016).
2106:Tan, Sharon (2007).
1899:Nationalencyklopedin
1863:Z z J j X x Q q H h
1807:A a I i U u E e O o
1596:; 95,000 speakers):
1469:, Central and North
1222:(prestige dialect),
762:Zhāng Jūnrú's (張均如)
198:Zhuang, Old Zhuang,
5913:Visitor attractions
4762:NM = Inner Mongolia
2466:has an open access
2434:(from Wiktionary's
1252:, and parts of the
704:Jerold A. Edmondson
611:in the province of
583:traditional Chinese
5998:Languages of China
5793:Guangxi University
5590:proposed groupings
4299:Formosan languages
2520:Languages of China
2206:lingweb.eva.mpg.de
1929:on April 20, 2021.
1873:Languages of China
1742:Chinese characters
1722:
1707:
1689:, Guangxi, China.
1642:Wenshan Prefecture
1196:Eastern Hongshuihe
760:
643:varieties such as
575:simplified Chinese
552:[βa˧ɕuːŋ˧]
486:
5985:
5984:
5889:Cantonese cuisine
5821:Cantonese culture
5765:Nanling Mountains
5667:
5666:
5661:extinct languages
5547:
5546:
5523:
5522:
4901:
4900:
4809:Kra–Dai languages
4775:
4774:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4190:
4189:
3920:
3919:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
2710:
2709:
2352:978-7-5367-4255-0
2162:978-7-105-14918-6
2074:978-0-7007-1457-5
2051:978-1-55671-005-6
1951:978-1-135-79640-2
625:dialect continuum
569:, 'language' and
478:
477:
460:rendering support
456:phonetic symbols.
265:Individual codes:
16:(Redirected from
6010:
5973:
5972:
5961:
5960:
5873:Mienic languages
5868:Zhuang languages
5826:Cantonese people
5694:
5687:
5680:
5671:
5670:
5270:
5269:
5137:
5136:
4856:
4855:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4779:
4778:
4731:
4301:
4293:
4285:
3999:
3998:
3772:
3771:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3663:
2852:
2851:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2547:
2546:
2534:Standard Chinese
2513:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2420:
2401:
2385:
2379:Zhuàngyǔ jiǎnzhì
2373:
2356:
2334:
2322:
2316:Xiàndài Zhuàngyǔ
2310:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2268:
2262:Zhuàng-Hàn cíhuì
2247:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2208:. Archived from
2198:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2060:
2054:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1925:. Archived from
1912:"Guangxi Zhuang"
1908:
1902:
1894:
1458:prior to 2007):
1434:Zhongshan County
1064:prior to 2007):
1024:prestige dialect
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
597:
588:
580:
560:
554:
549:
545:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
490:Zhuang languages
443:
433:
409:
399:
389:
379:
368:
358:
347:
337:
330:
323:
316:
306:
299:
289:
278:
271:
263:– inclusive code
262:
255:
246:
245:
237:
228:
227:
219:
194:
121:
30:
29:
21:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5949:
5935:Yangshuo County
5908:
5877:
5807:
5779:
5775:Kitten Mountain
5746:
5718:
5704:
5698:
5668:
5663:
5650:
5608:Proto-languages
5602:
5584:
5543:
5519:
5478:
5462:
5385:
5343:
5265:
5257:
5199:
5169:Longsang Zhuang
5149:Standard Zhuang
5128:
5120:
5093:
5075:
5002:
4984:
4966:
4897:
4854:
4811:
4806:
4776:
4771:
4745:
4725:
4703:
4632:
4576:
4387:
4380:
4306:
4286:(Indo-European)
4271:
4228:
4186:
4075:
3988:
3916:
3883:
3761:
3669:
3668:Other languages
3650:
3599:
3530:Central Tibetan
3501:
3375:
3309:
3156:
3038:
2841:
2793:
2741:
2730:
2706:
2690:
2597:
2538:
2522:
2517:
2477:Standard Zhuang
2428:
2423:
2417:
2395:
2383:
2353:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2285:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2239:
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2151:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2061:
2057:
2040:
2031:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1938:
1934:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1821:
1805:
1789:
1784:
1772:Standard Zhuang
1695:
1693:Writing systems
1638:
1517:Zuojiang Zhuang
1456:Southern Zhuang
1448:
1442:
1440:Southern Zhuang
1416:Mengshan County
1407:Zhaoping County
1357:
1355:Eastern Guangxi
1348:Lianshan Zhuang
1262:Youjiang Zhuang
1202:) and Liuqian (
1147:Liujiang Zhuang
1062:Northern Zhuang
1054:
1048:
1046:Northern Zhuang
1007:
1002:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
674:(which include
661:Standard Zhuang
547:
515:
497:
493:
458:Without proper
446:
429:
428:
412:Zuojiang Zhuang
405:
404:
402:Youjiang Zhuang
395:
394:
385:
384:
375:
374:
364:
363:
354:
353:
343:
342:
333:
332:
326:
325:
319:
318:
312:
311:
302:
301:
295:
294:
285:
284:
274:
273:
267:
266:
264:
258:
251:
241:
240:
233:
223:
222:
215:
195:
190:
184:
180:Standard Zhuang
173:
166:
122:
119:Language family
117:
108:
107:Native speakers
81:(zhn, zyg, zhd)
73:
72:(zyb, zhn, zqe)
64:
55:
46:
28:
23:
22:
18:Zhuang Language
15:
12:
11:
5:
6016:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5967:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5945:Weizhou Island
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5770:Gulf of Tonkin
5767:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5728:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5697:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5665:
5664:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5134:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4756:HK = Hong Kong
4754:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:Hong Kong Sign
4720:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4392:
4390:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4302:(Austronesian)
4296:
4294:(Austronesian)
4288:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Southern Qiang
3469:
3467:Northern Qiang
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
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2482:People's Daily
2470:
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2427:
2426:External links
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2190:Johnson (2010)
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2004:
1967:
1958:
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1878:Zhuang studies
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1513:Zuojiang River
1490:
1487:Yongnan Zhuang
1444:Main article:
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1400:
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1300:Guibian Zhuang
1265:
1258:Youjiang River
1239:
1236:Yongbei Zhuang
1207:
1204:Liuqian Zhuang
1150:
1120:
1050:Main article:
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603:spoken by the
476:
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462:, you may see
448:
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392:Yongnan Zhuang
382:Yongbei Zhuang
309:Guibian Zhuang
256:
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210:Language codes
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192:Writing system
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172:Standard forms
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86:Native to
83:
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35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6015:
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6003:Tai languages
6001:
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5841:Zhuang people
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5638:Proto-Kam–Sui
5635:
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5621:
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5617:Proto-Kra–Dai
5614:
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5599:
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5555:mixed origins
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5500:Tai Muong Vat
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5474:Southern Thai
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5423:Tai Hang Tong
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5403:Northern Thai
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4765:XJ = Xinjiang
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4267:Western Yugur
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4260:
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3960:
3957:
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3949:Eastern Yugur
3947:
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3898:
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3870:
3869:Small Flowery
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3679:Austroasiatic
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2717:
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2697:
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2649:
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2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
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2541:
2535:
2532:
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2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2416:3-11-017896-6
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2306:7-105-07001-3
2302:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2212:on 2014-02-23
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2186:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2109:
2102:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1993:on 2011-07-16
1989:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1859:Tone letters:
1856:
1848:
1838:1982 Alphabet
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:Tone letters:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1782:1957 Alphabet
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:proto-writing
1757:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1715:Poya Songbook
1711:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
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1627:
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1611:
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1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Pingle County
1422:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Pingle County
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:Qiubei Zhuang
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
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1237:
1233:
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1215:
1211:
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1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:Guibei Zhuang
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
782:
780:
779:
773:
769:
765:
720:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:Zhuang people
602:
601:Tai languages
598:
592:
584:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
553:
544:
539:
533:
491:
482:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
455:
449:
442:
437:
432:
427:
424:
422:
421:
416:
413:
410: –
408:
403:
400: –
398:
393:
390: –
388:
383:
380: –
378:
372:
369: –
367:
362:
361:Qiubei Zhuang
359: –
357:
351:
348: –
346:
341:
338: –
336:
329:
322:
315:
310:
307: –
305:
298:
293:
290: –
288:
282:
279: –
277:
270:
261:
257:
254:
249:
244:
239:
236:
231:
226:
221:
218:
213:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
187:
181:
178:
177:
175:
169:
155:
152:
151:
150:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:Be–Tai ?
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
124:
120:
114:
110:
104:
101:
100:Zhuang people
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
67:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
5974:
5962:
5867:
5656:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5589:
5565:Hezhang Buyi
5553:
5336:
5329:
5273:Northwestern
5263:Southwestern
5238:Myang Zhuang
5233:Pyang Zhuang
5159:Hezhang Buyi
5130:
4753:GX = Guangxi
4741:
4739:Tibetan Sign
4729:
4715:Chinese Sign
4581:Creole/Mixed
4450:Southeastern
4438:Southwestern
4401:Northeastern
4386:Varieties of
4002:
2480:
2406:
2397:
2390:
2378:
2361:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2293:
2273:
2261:
2254:Bibliography
2240:
2231:
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2210:the original
2205:
2196:
2185:
2169:
2153:
2148:
2133:
2127:Zhang (1999)
2101:
2083:
2064:
2058:
2042:
2013:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1988:the original
1983:
1970:
1961:
1941:
1935:
1927:the original
1915:
1906:
1897:
1892:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1822:
1806:
1790:
1768:Latin script
1765:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1740:is based on
1737:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1687:Debao County
1683:Myang Zhuang
1679:Pyang Zhuang
1677:
1669:
1639:
1615:
1589:
1563:
1522:
1515:basin area (
1492:
1462:
1449:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1383:
1358:
1327:
1305:
1267:
1260:basin area (
1241:
1217:
1209:
1152:
1122:
1068:
1055:
1029:
1011:
1008:
776:
772:dialectology
767:
763:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
695:
669:
629:Northern Tai
607:of Southern
594:
573:, 'Zhuang';
570:
566:
555:, pre-1982:
489:
487:
451:
425:
418:
153:
145:Northern Tai
78:
74:
69:
65:
60:
56:
51:
47:
42:
38:
5851:Yue Chinese
5390:Chiang Saen
5300:Tai Hongjin
5228:Yang Zhuang
5213:Nong Zhuang
4247:Fuyu Kyrgyz
4046:Tai Hongjin
3732:Muak Sa-aak
2343:壯族文化遺產及壯語研究
2245:Zhou (2003)
1843:Consonants:
1787:Consonants:
1650:Nong Zhuang
1608:, Guibian (
1584:Nong Zhuang
1568:Nong Zhuang
1558:Minz Zhuang
1550:Yang Zhuang
1546:Yang Zhuang
1499:(Longjin),
1481:, Shangse,
1167:, Shilong,
1153:Hongshui He
641:Central Tai
565:: 話僮, from
466:instead of
371:Yang Zhuang
350:Nong Zhuang
340:Minz Zhuang
149:Central Tai
5992:Categories
5645:Proto-Hlai
5348:Lao–Phutai
5223:Min Zhuang
5218:Dai Zhuang
5164:Yei Zhuang
5056:Changjiang
4933:(Naxi Yao)
4768:XZ = Tibet
4759:MC = Macau
4699:Zhangzhung
4443:Sichuanese
4370:Vietnamese
3767:Hmong-Mien
3646:Waxianghua
3427:Khroskyabs
2715:Indigenous
2603:Prefecture
2578:Portuguese
2444:, Omniglot
2370:1082879363
2216:2014-02-09
2023:1813/13855
1997:2011-06-19
1884:References
1826:ƨ З з Ч ч
1705:manuscript
1666:Min Zhuang
1662:Min Zhuang
1658:Dai Zhuang
1654:Yei Zhuang
1610:Dai Zhuang
1594:Dai Zhuang
1554:Min Zhuang
1533:, Mubian,
1452:Yong River
1310:Yei Zhuang
1272:Yei Zhuang
1058:Yong River
692:Vietnamese
352:(Yanguang)
281:Dai Zhuang
52:Kauqnoangz
48:Kauqnuangz
43:Hauqcuengh
5904:Tuotuorou
5785:Education
5752:Geography
5659:indicate
5631:Proto-Tai
5624:Proto-Kra
5510:Tai Khang
5505:Tai Thanh
5453:Thai Song
5413:Tai Meuay
5408:Tai Daeng
5399:(Siamese)
5310:Tai Laing
5253:Tsʻün-Lao
4679:Tocharian
4613:Qoqmončaq
4565:Cantonese
4519:Shaojiang
4492:Hainanese
4421:Zhongyuan
4416:Jiao-Liao
4350:Esperanto
4252:Ili Turki
3959:Khamnigan
3824:Kiong Nai
3595:Zitsadegu
2573:Mongolian
2563:Cantonese
2479:) of the
2464:Paradisec
1670:See also
1542:varieties
1388:He County
1361:Zhongshan
1344:Guangdong
1338:), North
1336:Guangdong
1188:varieties
1097:Longsheng
1077:Huanjiang
1040:ISO 639-3
1005:Varieties
865:Longsheng
853:Huanjiang
621:Guangdong
543:Vahcuengh
420:Glottolog
253:ISO 639-3
235:ISO 639-2
217:ISO 639-1
96:Ethnicity
75:Kauqraeuz
66:Hauqraeuz
39:Vahcuengh
5964:Category
5925:Li River
5894:Luosifen
5737:Politics
5467:Southern
5360:Phu Thai
5325:Khamyang
5295:Tai Long
5290:Tai Nuea
5141:Northern
4926:Cao Miao
4623:Tangwang
4603:Macanese
4598:Lingling
4531:Northern
4514:Northern
4477:Southern
4396:Mandarin
4323:Minority
4283:Sarikoli
4196:Tungusic
4157:Naxi Yao
4102:Cao Miao
4026:Ningming
3926:Mongolic
3902:Dzao Min
3897:Biao Min
3854:Qo Xiong
3849:Pingtang
3545:Dongwang
3487:Tshobdun
3412:Guiqiong
3014:Sangkong
2789:Muangphe
2751:Mondzish
2705:numerous
2696:Counties
2543:Regional
2527:Official
1867:See also
1736:script.
1572:Guangnan
1564:Yanguang
1509:Ningming
1505:Tiandeng
1497:Longzhou
1493:Zuojiang
1483:Chongzuo
1467:Yongning
1373:Mengshan
1369:Zhaoping
1332:Lianshan
1328:Lianshan
1292:Guangnan
1290:, North
1276:Fengshan
1250:Tianyang
1246:Tiandong
1242:Youjiang
1228:Hengxian
1214:Yongning
1181:Yangshuo
1143:Xincheng
1139:Liucheng
1129:, North
1127:Liujiang
1123:Liujiang
1089:Sanjiang
1081:Rongshui
1073:Luocheng
1020:standard
985:Guangnan
961:Longzhou
955:Ningming
949:Chongzuo
925:Yongning
913:Lianshan
895:Shanglin
841:Liujiang
829:Guangnan
811:Tiandong
799:Yongning
793:Hengxian
690:for the
596:Zhuàngyǔ
558:Vaƅcueŋƅ
472:Help:IPA
431:daic1237
373:(Dejing)
79:Gangjtoj
70:Gangjdoj
61:Hauƽyəiч
57:Hoedyaej
5976:Commons
5882:Cuisine
5861:Pinghua
5813:Culture
5742:Economy
5732:History
5724:General
5715:capital
5711:Nanning
5701:Guangxi
5657:Italics
5598:Kam–Tai
5575:Cao Lan
5539:Cao Lan
5483:(other)
5458:Tày Tac
5438:Tai Dam
5428:Tai Lue
5418:Tai Dón
5381:Kaloeng
5376:Lao Nyo
5205:Central
5195:Tai Pao
5133:, etc.)
5071:Yuanmen
5041:Baoting
5031:Tongzha
4962:Ai-Cham
4947:Chadong
4907:Kam–Sui
4694:Xianbei
4689:Tuyuhun
4659:Old Yue
4637:Extinct
4618:Sanqiao
4509:Central
4499:Eastern
4482:Hokkien
4426:Lan-Yin
4406:Beijing
4388:Chinese
4345:Russian
4107:Chadong
4087:Ai-Cham
4056:Tai Nüa
4041:Tai Dón
4036:Tai Dam
3994:Kra-Dai
3964:Monguor
3954:Kangjia
3912:Kim Mun
3907:Iu Mien
3829:Luobohe
3819:Huishui
3799:Guiyang
3776:Hmongic
3737:Palaung
3727:Man Met
3631:Longjia
3580:Ladakhi
3575:Kyirong
3565:Khalong
3550:Drugchu
3507:Tibetic
3477:Shixing
3389:Qiangic
3170:Alingpo
3162:Nisoish
3147:Yangliu
3142:Xuzhang
3072:Laizisi
3067:Kuamasi
3062:Kua-nsi
3044:Lisoish
3024:Tsukong
2964:Laomian
2889:Baihong
2856:Hanoish
2847:Loloish
2832:Lhao Vo
2827:Chashan
2812:Xiandao
2799:Burmish
2742:Burmese
2700:Banners
2656:Tai Nüa
2583:Tibetan
2568:English
2485:website
1956:p. 370.
1851:Vowels:
1803:Vowels:
1753:sawndip
1747:chữ Nôm
1738:Sawndip
1733:sawgoek
1727:sawndip
1703:Sawndip
1701:Zhuang
1630:Guangxi
1598:Wenshan
1580:Yanshan
1485:areas (
1479:Jinzhou
1475:Long'an
1463:Yongnan
1288:Longlin
1284:Tianlin
1280:Lingyun
1268:Guibian
1232:Pingguo
1224:Binyang
1210:Yongbei
1169:Guixian
1113:Donglan
1085:Rong'an
1042:codes.
991:Yanshan
943:Shangsi
931:Long'an
919:Qinzhou
907:Guigang
883:Donglan
859:Rong'an
823:Lingyue
817:Tianlin
805:Pingguo
714:Surveys
700:Jiaozhi
657:Vietnam
633:Guizhou
613:Guangxi
563:Sawndip
538:autonym
468:Unicode
283:(Wenma)
204:Sawgoek
200:Sawndip
132:Kam–Tai
127:Kra–Dai
59:(zgn),
5899:Shumai
5760:Cities
5703:topics
5580:Jiamao
5372:(Nyaw)
5370:Tai Yo
5338:Turung
5305:Khamti
5285:Tai Ya
5266:(Thai)
5186:(Nyaw)
5184:Tai Yo
5154:Bouyei
5131:Zhuang
5116:Jizhao
5103:Jizhao
5089:Jiamao
5081:Jiamao
5066:Baisha
5061:Moyfaw
5036:Zandui
5026:Lauhut
5016:Bouhin
4998:Lakkia
4990:Lakkia
4942:Maonan
4922:(Dong)
4850:Qabiao
4840:Buyang
4674:Tangut
4664:Rouran
4654:Khitan
4644:Ba–Shu
4608:Maojia
4593:Hezhou
4504:Puxian
4487:Teoswa
4372:(Kinh)
4340:Kyrgyz
4335:Korean
4330:Kazakh
4234:Turkic
4219:Oroqen
4209:Manchu
4204:Evenki
4172:Qabiao
4162:Ong Be
4147:Maonan
4137:Lakkja
4127:Jiamao
4097:Buyang
4061:Tai Ya
4051:Tai Lü
4011:Bouyei
4003:Zhuang
3984:Torgut
3939:Buryat
3889:Mienic
3879:Younuo
3859:Raojia
3839:Pa-Hng
3834:Mashan
3804:Hm Nai
3789:Bu-Nao
3784:A-Hmao
3707:Bumang
3626:Jingpo
3621:Derung
3616:Caijia
3590:Zhongu
3560:Gserpa
3452:Namuyi
3422:Japhug
3371:Zauzou
3346:Namuyi
3331:Kucong
3305:Zokhuo
3300:Thopho
3280:Phupha
3265:Phukha
3210:Khlula
3152:Zibusi
3137:Toloza
3132:Sonaga
3117:Mangdi
3112:Lolopo
3057:Hlersu
2994:Phana’
2989:Nuomei
2969:Laopin
2904:Bukong
2879:Angluo
2807:Achang
2784:Mondzi
2686:Zhuang
2661:Tai Lü
2651:Kazakh
2646:Kyrgyz
2631:Korean
2621:Bouyei
2593:Zhuang
2588:Uyghur
2413:
2394:壯語方言研究
2368:
2349:
2331:壯語方言概論
2303:
2160:
2071:
2049:
1948:
1917:Lexico
1811:ɵ Ə ə
1776:Bouyei
1660:, and
1646:Yunnan
1606:Malipo
1602:Yunnan
1582:area (
1576:Yunnan
1552:) and
1527:Jingxi
1523:Dejing
1430:Linyan
1421:Nitang
1403:Xiping
1394:Qishan
1384:Lugang
1377:Hezhou
1365:Pingle
1340:Huaiji
1318:Yunnan
1316:area (
1314:Qiubei
1306:Qiubei
1296:Yunnan
1219:Wuming
1173:Luzhai
1165:Mashan
1157:Laibin
1135:Yishan
1131:Laibin
1109:Tian'e
1105:Nandan
1093:Yongfu
1069:Guibei
1016:Wuming
979:Jingxi
901:Laibin
877:Nandan
847:Yishan
835:Qiubei
787:Wuming
768:壯語方言研究
688:exonym
665:Wuming
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637:Bouyei
617:Yunnan
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4883:Hagei
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4360:Tuvan
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4276:Other
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4214:Nanai
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4080:Other
3979:Santa
3974:Ordos
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3809:Hmong
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3697:Bolyu
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3641:Tujia
3604:Other
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3570:Khams
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3402:Choyo
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2984:Nuobi
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2909:Cosao
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2769:Manga
2764:Maang
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2286:(PDF)
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2093:(PDF)
1991:(PDF)
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1101:Hechi
1022:" or
997:Wenma
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967:Daxin
937:Fusui
889:Du'an
871:Hechi
627:with
609:China
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63:(zqe)
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