57:
3304:
281:
1322:
Qingjie James Wang's more modern translation eliminates the logical flaw that arises when one considers that to model oneself after another entity may be to become less natural, to lose the 'as-it-isness' that ziran refers to. Wang reinterprets the words of
Chapter 25 to be instructions to follow the
1312:
Ziran has been interpreted and reinterpreted in a numerous ways over time. Most commonly, it has been seen as the greatest spiritual concept that was followed by lesser concepts of the Dao, Heaven, Earth, and Man in turn, based on the traditional translation and interpretation of
Chapter 25 of the
1326:
Wing-Chuek Chan provides another translation of 'ziran': "It is so by virtue of its own". This brings up ziran's link to another Daoist belief, specifically that the myriad things exist because of the qualities that they possess, not because they were created by any being to fulfill a purpose or
1330:
Ziran and
Tianran are related concepts. Tianran refers to a thing created by heaven that is ultimately untouched by human influence, a thing fully characterized by ziran. The two terms are sometimes interchangeably used. It can be said that by gaining ziran, a person grows nearer to a state of
1344:
as an aesthetic of action: "Living is an act of creativity demonstrating itself. Creativity is objectively seen as necessity, but from the inner point of view of
Emptiness it is 'just-so-ness,' (ziran). It literally means 'byitself-so-ness,' implying more inner meaning than 'spontaneity' or
1323:
model set by Earth's being Earth, by Heaven's being Heaven, and by the Dao being the Dao; each behaving perfectly in accordance with ziran. This interpretation reaffirms that the base nature of the Dao is one of complete naturalness.
1334:
Ziran can also be looked at from under Buddha's influence, "non-substantial". It is then believed to mean 'having no nature of its own'. In this aspect it is seen as a synonym of real emptiness.
1215:
that literally means "of its own; by itself" and thus "naturally; natural; spontaneously; freely; in the course of events; of course; doubtlessly". This
Chinese word is a two-character
1506:
1300:
is related to developing an "altered sense of human nature and of nature per se". When it comes to sensibility of Taoism, the moral import can be most found in
3357:
412:
1327:
goal. The only thing that a being must be when it exists in accordance with ziran is ultimately natural, unaffected by artificial influences.
1614:
1035:
1292:
refers to a state of "as-it-isness," the most important quality for anyone following Daoist beliefs. To become nearer to a state of
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3111:
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1127:
3594:
1574:
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740:
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1404:
1055:
3076:
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2958:
2233:
2229:
2059:
1730:
848:
3814:
1204:
1040:
3804:
3569:
1674:
1030:
725:
3964:
3809:
1756:
1296:, one must become separate from unnatural influences and return to an entirely natural, spontaneous state.
1025:
757:
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355:
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1744:
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2055:
1152:
1085:
3574:
715:
462:
237:
3611:
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2537:
2189:
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720:
688:
527:
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3049:
3969:
3669:
3285:
3097:
3042:
2668:
2414:
2250:
1216:
825:
520:
467:
1530:
Chan, Wing-Chuek (2005). "On
Heidegger's Interpretation of Aristotle: A Chinese Perspective",
1437:
Callahan, W. A. (1989). "A Linguistic
Interpretation of Discourse and Perspective in Daoism",
3290:
2868:
2399:
2027:
1888:
1699:
1560:
9(1/2) Preliminary Report on the Third East-West
Philosophers' Conference. (AprilâJuly, 1959)
472:
2374:
2007:
1178:
989:
3507:
8:
3022:
2204:
2037:
2012:
1893:
1689:
1488:
Hall, David L. (1987). "On
Seeking a Change of Environment: A Quasi-Taoist. Philosophy",
162:
1475:
Fu, C. W. (2000). "Lao Tzu's
Conception of Tao", in B. Gupta & J. N. Mohanty (Eds.)
56:
3936:
3916:
3906:
3857:
3799:
3335:
3155:
2895:
2105:
2080:
1623:
1556:
Suzuki, D. T. (1959). "Basic Thoughts Underlying Eastern Ethical and Social Practice."
1369:, "coemergent; spontaneously or naturally born together" in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
1122:
1112:
1102:
1009:
974:
407:
336:
1587:
3557:
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2863:
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2120:
1987:
1828:
1710:
1642:
1421:
1418:
Learning from Chinese Philosophies: Ethics of Interdependent And Contextualised Self.
1400:
703:
477:
329:
311:
295:
290:
144:
136:
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3848:
3831:
3137:
3017:
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1662:
1657:
1397:
Effortless action: Wu-wei as conceptual metaphor and spiritual ideal in early China
1090:
999:
984:
101:
78:
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24:
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745:
122:
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1967:
1962:
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393:
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1337:
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108:
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1946:
1941:
1913:
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878:
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515:
37:
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883:
863:
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532:
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20:
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2457:
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2404:
2275:
2209:
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1977:
1957:
1898:
1863:
1773:
1017:
939:
762:
3826:
3774:
3704:
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3674:
3496:
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2653:
2638:
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2017:
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1376:
979:
948:
868:
840:
830:
752:
640:
633:
563:
401:
363:
1507:""It-self-so-ing" and "Other-ing" in Lao Zi's Concept of Zi Ran"
1284:
is a central concept of Daoism, closely tied to the practice of
3679:
3659:
3343:
3327:
3319:
3250:
3120:
3032:
2940:
2718:
2542:
2492:
2315:
2300:
2199:
2184:
2100:
2002:
1982:
1972:
1918:
1868:
1704:
1679:
1366:
1285:
1251:
1243:
1212:
835:
815:
544:
502:
493:
486:
378:
272:
181:
3629:
3562:
3440:
3178:
2633:
2419:
2179:
1878:
1833:
1823:
1798:
1340:, in a brief article penned in 1959, makes the suggestion of
782:
708:
605:
349:
200:
33:
3405:
2928:
1923:
1848:
1036:
Way of the Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters
538:
214:
3146:
3089:
2818:
1479:(pp. 46â62). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
316:
280:
3370:
2882:
1280:(chapters 17, 23, 25, 51, 64), written around 400 BCE.
424:
242:
1262:) is a common metaphor for a person's point of view.
141:
127:
113:
3951:
1307:
1239:) "right; correct; so; yes", which is used as a
167:
219:
205:
3105:
1608:
1234:
1224:
1179:
83:
186:
1526:
1524:
1500:
1498:
3136:
3112:
3098:
1615:
1601:
1186:
1172:
55:
1229:) "nose; self; oneself; from; since" and
1521:
1495:
1505:Wang, Qingjie James (25 January 2003).
3952:
1622:
1450:
143:
3093:
1596:
1477:Philosophical Questions East and West
1504:
1258:). In Chinese culture, the nose (or
1420:Ashgate World Philosophies Series.
1399:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1128:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)
13:
3595:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1567:
1363:or "suchness" in Mahayana Buddhism
1274:'s use in Daoism is rooted in the
1254:(roughly corresponding to English
741:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
14:
3986:
1444:
1288:, detached or effortless action.
1056:Chinese ritual mastery traditions
3302:
1543:Pregadio, Fabrizio. ed. (2008).
279:
3690:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
1550:
1395:Slingerland, Edward G. (2003).
849:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
36:. For the village in Iran, see
3975:Concepts in Chinese philosophy
1547:M-Z Vol 2. Routledge. pg. 1302
1537:
1482:
1469:
1431:
1410:
1389:
1208:
1142:Institutions and organizations
1041:The Northern Celestial Masters
243:
142:
128:
114:
84:
1:
3805:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
3570:Three Great Emperor-Officials
1532:Journal of Chinese Philosophy
1382:
1308:Contemporary reinterpretation
1031:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
726:Three Great Emperor-Officials
3810:Way of the Celestial Masters
1575:"Lao Zi's Concept of Zi Ran"
1357:, a metaphor for naturalness
1026:Way of the Celestial Masters
7:
1451:Stefon, Matt (2010-05-10).
1348:
10:
3991:
3815:Northern Celestial Masters
3119:
1745:Hundred Schools of Thought
1545:The Encyclopedia of Taoism
1148:Chinese Taoist Association
31:
18:
3890:Sacred Mountains of China
3877:
3785:
3622:
3506:
3418:
3311:
3300:
3230:
3127:
3005:
2811:
2571:
2433:
2324:
2228:
2159:
2046:
1937:
1764:
1755:
1630:
1265:
1235:
1225:
1086:Sacred Mountains of China
463:Three Treasures (virtues)
254:
236:
231:
227:
220:
213:
206:
199:
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187:
180:
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161:
156:
135:
121:
107:
100:
95:
91:
77:
72:
54:
50:
45:
3575:Queen Mother of the West
1588:Ziran (èȘç¶) on Wiktionary
1558:Philosophy East and West
1490:Philosophy East and West
1439:Philosophy East and West
716:Queen Mother of the West
19:Not to be confused with
3580:King Father of the East
1740:Nine Schools of Thought
1457:Encyclopedia Britannica
721:King Father of the East
689:Four heavenly ministers
3043:State consequentialism
1211:) is a key concept in
168:
2060:Northern and Southern
16:Key concept in Daoism
990:Way of the Li Family
3965:Conceptions of self
3339:(self-cultivation)
1690:School of Diplomacy
163:Vietnamese alphabet
32:For the spice, see
3331:(external alchemy)
3323:(internal alchemy)
1624:Chinese philosophy
1123:Cebu Taoist Temple
1113:White Cloud Temple
975:Way of the Taiping
3960:Taoist philosophy
3947:
3946:
3558:Tianhuang Emperor
3298:
3297:
3220:
3219:
3087:
3086:
2935:Mandate of Heaven
2807:
2806:
1196:
1195:
1153:Celestial Masters
704:Tianhuang Emperor
312:Taoist philosophy
258:
257:
250:
249:
152:
151:
102:Standard Mandarin
3982:
3895:Wudang Mountains
3306:
3228:
3227:
3205:(transformation)
3182:(eight trigrams)
3134:
3133:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3091:
3090:
2964:Self-cultivation
2869:Neo-Confucianism
2604:Chung-ying Cheng
1762:
1761:
1663:New Confucianism
1658:Neo-Confucianism
1617:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1534:32(4), 539-557.
1528:
1519:
1518:
1513:. Archived from
1502:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1393:
1345:'naturalness'".
1238:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1210:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1091:Wudang Mountains
1000:Chongxuan School
985:Shangqing School
528:Sexual practices
283:
260:
259:
246:
245:
229:
228:
223:
222:
209:
208:
190:
189:
171:
148:
147:
146:
131:
130:
117:
116:
93:
92:
87:
86:
59:
43:
42:
25:Ziran the Tester
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3873:
3781:
3618:
3585:Eight Immortals
3543:Four Sovereigns
3531:Lingbao Tianzun
3526:Yuanshi Tianzun
3521:Three Pure Ones
3502:
3414:
3358:Three Treasures
3307:
3294:
3226:
3216:
3123:
3118:
3088:
3083:
3001:
2902:Three teachings
2803:
2754:Tsang Lap Chuen
2567:
2429:
2338:
2320:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2173:
2155:
2064:
2058:
2042:
1951:
1933:
1751:
1749:
1695:School of Names
1638:Agriculturalism
1626:
1621:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:Further reading
1565:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1522:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1449:
1445:
1441:39(2), 171-189.
1436:
1432:
1415:
1411:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1375:, a concept in
1351:
1310:
1268:
1192:
1163:
1162:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1052:
1022:
1005:Quanzhen School
965:
955:
954:
944:
926:
893:
845:
797:
778:
768:
767:
731:Eight Immortals
677:Lingbao Tianzun
672:Yuanshi Tianzun
667:Three Pure Ones
657:
647:
646:
558:
550:
549:
458:
450:
449:
413:Three Treasures
307:
157:Vietnamese name
68:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3932:Tong Jee Teung
3929:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3887:
3885:Grotto-heavens
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3760:Zhang Guoxiang
3757:
3752:
3750:Wang Chongyang
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:Cheng Xuanying
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3600:Yellow Emperor
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
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3422:
3420:
3416:
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3410:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3368:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:(calisthenics)
3332:
3324:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3265:(spontenaity)
3256:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3168:(non-polarity)
3151:
3142:
3140:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3072:Metaphilosophy
3069:
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3059:
3052:
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3015:
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2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2684:Lee Shui-chuen
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2553:Zhang Xuecheng
2550:
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2298:
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2291:Wang Chongyang
2288:
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2263:
2258:
2253:
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2240:
2230:Five Dynasties
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2053:
2051:Three Kingdoms
2047:
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2020:
2015:
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1517:on 2021-06-20.
1494:
1492:37(2), 160-171
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1158:Taoist priests
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1125:
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1081:Grotto-heavens
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1051:
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1043:
1038:
1033:
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1020:
1015:
1014:
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997:
995:Lingbao School
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
966:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
943:
942:
937:
932:
930:Zhang Guoxiang
925:
924:
919:
917:Wang Chongyang
914:
909:
904:
899:
897:Cheng Xuanying
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891:
886:
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746:Yellow Emperor
738:
733:
728:
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232:Transcriptions
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104:
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97:
96:Transcriptions
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81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
60:
52:
51:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:Point of view
3968:
3966:
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3958:
3957:
3955:
3938:
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3933:
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3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Mount Penglai
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:Sacred places
3876:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3839:
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3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
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3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:Zhang Sanfeng
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
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3748:
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3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:Zhang Daoling
3653:
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3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
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3628:
3627:
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3615:
3614:
3613:Other deities
3610:
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3553:Ziwei Emperor
3551:
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3541:
3537:
3536:Daode Tianzun
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Hongjun Laozu
3514:
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3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3483:Qingjing Jing
3480:
3478:
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3473:
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3466:
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3459:
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3429:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3396:(immortality)
3395:
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3390:
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3380:
3379:
3375:
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3369:
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3333:
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3329:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3317:
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3310:
3305:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:Five Precepts
3284:
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3264:
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3257:
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3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:(five phases)
3196:
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3180:
3176:
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3139:
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2817:
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2814:
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2800:
2797:
2795:
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2787:
2785:
2784:Zhang Dongsun
2782:
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2707:
2705:
2704:Liang Shuming
2702:
2700:
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2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
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2413:
2411:
2410:Wang Yangming
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2393:
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2309:
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2299:
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2289:
2287:
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2272:
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2239:
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2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
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2102:
2099:
2097:
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2092:
2089:
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2079:
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2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Dongfang Shuo
1966:
1964:
1963:Dong Zhongshu
1961:
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1956:
1955:
1953:
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1501:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1426:0-7546-3382-9
1423:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1405:0-19-513899-6
1402:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
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1359:
1356:
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1189:
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1177:
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1159:
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1149:
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1139:
1138:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:Taoist temple
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Mount Penglai
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:Sacred places
1072:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
964:
959:
958:
951:
950:
946:
945:
941:
938:
936:
935:Zhang Sanfeng
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
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811:Zhang Daoling
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627:Qingjing Jing
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468:Five Precepts
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3907:Mount Kunlun
3775:
3740:Zhang Boduan
3725:Tao Hongjing
3645:Heshang Gong
3612:
3607:Guan Shengdi
3548:Jade Emperor
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3469:Sanhuangjing
3467:
3460:
3453:
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3427:Tao Te Ching
3425:
3409:(talismancy)
3404:
3391:
3376:
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3334:
3326:
3318:
3291:Ten Precepts
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3268:
3260:
3259:
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3239:
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3200:
3192:
3177:
3172:Yin and yang
3163:
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3145:
3067:Epistemology
3054:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2976:Yin and yang
2968:
2959:Human nature
2951:
2947:Filial piety
2939:
2927:
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2913:
2906:
2894:
2887:
2875:
2864:Confucianism
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2794:Zhou Guoping
2789:Zhang Shenfu
2774:Yin Haiguang
2769:Yang Changji
2714:Liu Xiaofeng
2699:Liang Qichao
2584:Carsun Chang
2572:20th century
2558:Zhuang Cunyu
2488:Hong Liangji
2448:Chen Menglei
2443:Chen Hongmou
2425:Zhan Ruoshui
2385:Liu Zongzhou
2355:Hong Zicheng
2350:Huang Zongxi
2256:Fan Zhongyan
2234:Ten Kingdoms
2220:Linji Yixuan
2215:Liu Zongyuan
1804:Gongsun Long
1766:Eastern Zhou
1757:Philosophers
1735:
1731:Mixed School
1716:
1709:
1653:Han learning
1648:Confucianism
1578:. Retrieved
1557:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1515:the original
1510:
1489:
1484:
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1471:
1460:. Retrieved
1446:
1438:
1433:
1417:
1416:Lai, Karyn.
1412:
1396:
1391:
1341:
1338:D. T. Suzuki
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:Tao Te Ching
1314:
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1297:
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1277:Tao Te Ching
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1259:
1255:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1103:Mount Kunlun
947:
907:Zhang Boduan
889:Tao Hongjing
801:Heshang Gong
694:Jade Emperor
639:
632:
625:
618:
613:Sanhuangjing
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
571:Tao Te Ching
569:
562:
537:
519:
508:
501:
492:
485:
473:Ten Precepts
443:
439:
429:
417:
400:
392:
386:
385:
382:(non-action)
377:
369:
362:
354:
343:Yin and yang
335:
328:
321:
238:Romanization
109:Hanyu Pinyin
73:Chinese name
65:
29:
3937:White Cloud
3858:Dragon Gate
3715:Kou Qianzhi
3710:Bao Jingyan
3635:Zhuang Zhou
3455:Taipingjing
3273:(plainness)
3255:(nonaction)
3245:(integrity)
3213:(reversion)
3160:(ultimate)
3138:Metaphysics
3038:Role ethics
3023:Metaphysics
2799:Zhou Zuoren
2759:Xiong Shili
2744:Tang Chun-i
2739:Sun Yat-sen
2734:Qiu Renzong
2729:Mou Zongsan
2679:Kang Youwei
2624:Feng Youlan
2589:P. C. Chang
2579:Cai Yuanpei
2563:Zeng Guofan
2548:Yu Zhengxie
2478:Gong Zizhen
2473:Feng Guifen
2463:Fang Lanfen
2395:Qian Dehong
2195:Zhang Zhihe
2131:Xiahou Xuan
2071:Bao Jingyan
1914:Zhuang Zhou
1355:Pu (Daoism)
1270:The phrase
1046:Zhengyi Dao
1010:Dragon Gate
879:Kou Qianzhi
874:Bao Jingyan
788:Zhuang Zhou
592:Taipingjing
176:Korean name
38:Ziran, Iran
3954:Categories
3927:Louguantai
3720:Lu Xiujing
3700:Wei Huacun
3650:Wei Boyang
3353:Meditation
3129:Philosophy
3077:Legitimacy
2779:Yu Dunkang
2749:Tang Yijie
2724:Mao Zedong
2709:Lin Yutang
2674:Jin Yuelin
2669:Jiang Qing
2644:He Guanghu
2614:Chu Anping
2599:Chen Duxiu
2528:Wang Fuzhi
2518:Tan Sitong
2513:Pan Pingge
2508:Liu Yiming
2390:Luo Rufang
2311:Zhou Dunyi
2296:Wang Chuyi
2286:Wang Anshi
2266:Lu Jiuyuan
2146:Yan Zhitui
2136:Xie Daoyun
2038:Yang Xiong
2023:Wang Chong
1998:Kong Anguo
1859:Shen Buhai
1854:Shang Yang
1809:Guan Zhong
1779:Chunyu Kun
1700:Naturalism
1580:2008-03-09
1511:Confuchina
1462:2023-04-23
1383:References
1248:adjectives
1118:Louguantai
1061:Yao Taoism
884:Lu Xiujing
864:Wei Huacun
859:Sun Hanhua
806:Wei Boyang
545:Priesthood
478:Meditation
397:(immortal)
374:(reversal)
123:WadeâGiles
21:Zi Ran Men
3849:Chongxuan
3832:Shangqing
3795:HuangâLao
3755:Qiu Chuji
3745:Sun Bu'er
3735:Chen Tuan
3695:Guo Xiang
3665:Zhang Jue
3640:Lie Yukou
3476:Huahujing
3448:Huainanzi
3367:(essence)
3336:Yangsheng
3188:Feng shui
3174:(duality)
3056:Shan shui
2989:Zhengming
2764:Xu Fuguan
2689:Li Shicen
2664:Ray Huang
2649:Hu Qiaomu
2619:Fang Keli
2609:Ch'ien Mu
2594:Chen Daqi
2523:Tang Zhen
2468:Fang Quan
2380:Liu Bowen
2370:Lai Zhide
2360:Jiao Hong
2345:Chen Jiru
2306:Zhang Zai
2271:Shao Yong
2246:Cheng Hao
2190:Wang Tong
2091:Guo Xiang
2013:Liu Xiang
1993:Jing Fang
1904:Yuan Xian
1884:Ximen Bao
1839:Lie Yukou
1794:Duanmu Ci
1784:Confucius
1670:HuangâLao
1373:True Will
1331:tianran.
970:HuangâLao
922:Qiu Chuji
912:Sun Bu'er
902:Chen Tuan
854:Guo Xiang
821:Zhang Jue
793:Lie Yukou
620:Huahujing
585:Huainanzi
457:Practices
408:True form
3854:Quanzhen
3842:Jingming
3770:Zhu Quan
3670:Zhang Lu
3462:Xiang'er
3434:Zhuangzi
3381:(spirit)
3373:(breath)
3312:Practice
3050:Ink wash
3028:Politics
3018:Theology
2877:Ming yun
2853:Jing zuo
2812:Concepts
2694:Li Zehou
2659:Hua Gang
2629:Gan Yang
2538:Yan Yuan
2533:Wei Yuan
2503:Lin Zexu
2483:Gu Yanwu
2458:Fang Bao
2453:Dai Zhen
2415:Wu Cheng
2405:Wang Gen
2276:Shen Kuo
2251:Cheng Yi
2210:Liu Yuxi
2116:Sengzhao
2076:Fan Zhen
1978:Huan Tan
1958:Ban Zhao
1909:Zhang Yi
1899:Yang Zhu
1864:Shen Dao
1774:Bu Shang
1675:Legalism
1643:Buddhism
1349:See also
1246:marking
1217:compound
1018:Wuliupai
940:Zhu Quan
826:Zhang Lu
763:Body god
655:Theology
599:Xiang'er
578:Zhuangzi
482:Alchemy
306:Concepts
265:a series
263:Part of
221:ăăă, ăăă
169:tá»± nhiĂȘn
3922:Hanford
3912:Temples
3837:Lingbao
3827:Xuanxue
3820:Zhengyi
3800:Taiping
3787:Schools
3776:Fangshi
3705:Ge Hong
3685:Wang Bi
3675:Ge Xuan
3590:Chang'e
3508:Deities
3497:Daozang
3490:Baopuzi
3280:Zhenren
3202:Bianhua
3062:Society
2839:Jian'ai
2654:Hu Shih
2639:Gu Zhun
2498:Ma Qixi
2400:Wang Ji
2365:Jiao Yu
2281:Su Song
2261:Hu Hong
2151:Zhi Dun
2141:Xun Can
2126:Wang Bi
2121:Wang Su
2111:Ji Kang
2106:Huiyuan
2096:Fu Xuan
2086:Ge Hong
2033:Xun Yue
2028:Wang Fu
2018:Ma Rong
1988:Jia Kui
1929:Zou Yan
1889:Xu Xing
1874:Sun Tzu
1844:Mencius
1819:Hui Shi
1814:Han Fei
1789:Deng Xi
1726:Yangism
1718:Xuanxue
1685:Marxism
1631:Schools
1453:"ziran"
1428:. p. 96
1407:, p. 97
1377:Thelema
1361:TathÄtÄ
1252:adverbs
1205:Chinese
980:Xuanxue
963:Schools
949:Fangshi
869:Ge Hong
841:Wang Bi
831:Ge Xuan
758:Li Hong
753:Guan Yu
736:Chang'e
641:Daozang
634:Baopuzi
564:I Ching
402:Zhenren
364:Bianhua
296:History
291:Outline
129:tzu-jan
79:Chinese
3680:He Yan
3660:Gan Ji
3623:People
3344:Daoyin
3328:Waidan
3320:Neidan
3251:Wu wei
3232:Ethics
3194:Wuxing
3121:Taoism
3033:Ethics
3006:Topics
2941:Wu wei
2719:Lu Xun
2543:Yu Yue
2493:Ji Yun
2375:Li Zhi
2316:Zhu Xi
2301:Ye Shi
2200:Han Yu
2185:Jizang
2101:He Yan
2081:Fan Ye
2008:Lu Jia
2003:Liu An
1983:Jia Yi
1973:Dou Wu
1919:Zichan
1869:Su Qin
1829:Li Kui
1711:Daoxue
1705:Taoism
1680:Mohism
1424:
1403:
1367:Sahaja
1266:Origin
1244:suffix
1213:Daoism
1207::
836:He Yan
816:Gan Ji
776:People
503:Bugang
494:Waidan
487:Neidan
379:Wu wei
356:Wuxing
273:Taoism
182:Hangul
3864:Wuliu
3630:Laozi
3563:Houtu
3441:Liezi
3419:Texts
3261:Ziran
3179:Bagua
3156:Taiji
3150:(way)
3013:Logic
2996:Ziran
2634:Gu Su
2420:Xu Ai
2205:Li Ao
2180:Fu Yi
1894:Xunzi
1879:Wu Qi
1834:Li Si
1824:Laozi
1799:Gaozi
1342:ziran
1302:ziran
1298:Ziran
1294:ziran
1290:Ziran
1286:wuwei
1282:Ziran
1272:ziran
1200:Ziran
783:Laozi
709:Houtu
606:Liezi
557:Texts
387:Ziran
350:Bagua
337:Taiji
201:Kanji
115:zĂŹrĂĄn
66:ziran
46:Ziran
34:Cumin
3917:Cebu
3406:Fulu
3393:Xian
3387:Diet
3378:Shen
3364:Jing
3165:Wuji
2982:Yong
2929:Tian
2908:Shen
2889:Qing
2846:Jing
2435:Qing
2334:Ming
2329:Yuan
2238:Song
2169:Tang
1924:Zisi
1849:Mozi
1422:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1241:-ran
539:Fulu
521:Bigu
516:Diet
442:and
431:Shen
419:Jing
394:Xian
330:Wuji
215:Kana
62:Seal
3869:Yao
3400:Art
3210:Fan
3147:Tao
2953:Xin
2896:Ren
2819:Tao
2164:Sui
2056:Jin
1947:Han
1942:Qin
1256:-ly
1250:or
1231:ran
1219:of
533:Art
510:Chu
440:Hun
371:Fan
317:Tao
137:IPA
64:of
23:or
3956::
3371:Qi
3270:Pu
3241:De
2970:Yi
2922:Ti
2915:Si
2883:Qi
2859:Li
2832:Fa
2825:De
1523:^
1509:.
1497:^
1455:.
1319:.
1304:.
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