42:. Although most zonal auxiliary languages are based on European language families, they should not be confused with "Euroclones", a somewhat derogatory term for languages intended for global use but based (almost) exclusively on European material. Since universal acceptance is not the goal for zonal auxiliary languages, the traditional claims of neutrality and universalism, typical for IALs, do not apply. Although they may share the same internationalist commitments of the latter, zonal auxiliary languages have also been proposed as a defense against the effects of the growing hegemony of English on other cultures or as a means to promote a sense of ethnicity or community in a manner similar to revitalized languages, such as
131:. Their authors were motivated by the belief that all Slavic languages were dialects of one single Slavic language rather than separate languages. They deplored the fact that these dialects had diverged beyond mutual comprehensibility, and the language they envisioned was intended to reverse this process. Their long-term objective was that it would replace the individual Slavic languages.
58:, a dialect that serves as a standard language for other, sometimes mutually unintelligible, dialects. The difference is that a zonal language is typically a mixture of several natural languages and is aimed to serve as an auxiliary for the speakers of different but related languages of the same family.
417:Језик, књижевност и технологија (Jezik, književnost i tehnologija) / Language, Literature and Technology: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, 19–20 May 2017
261:, which makes it hard to distinguish them from Pan-Romance languages. Some languages, however, have been presented explicitly as languages for use among (or with) Romance speakers, for example
621:
332:
Some linguists, such as Alan Reed Libert, also list languages for use by speakers of unrelated languages in a particular geographical area among the zonal languages. For example:
1154:
1521:
65:
at the end of the 19th century, but some were created later. Most older zonal constructed languages are now known only to specialists. A modern example is
147:
161:
Most naturalistic projects are so similar that they can easily be considered versions of the same language. During the 20th century, however, a few
690:
1563:
629:
The Role of
Languages in Intercultural Communication / Rolo de lingvoj en interkultura komunikado / Rola języków w komunikacji międzykulturowej
449:
Wiederbelebung einer Utopie. Probleme und
Perspektiven slavischer Plansprachen im Zeitalter des Internets (Bamberger Beiträge zur Linguistik 6)
203:, a Pan-Germanic project by Elias Molee (1902), which was intended to be an auxiliary language at first but to eventually supplant all other
534:
1543:
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1507:
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30:
made to facilitate communication between speakers of a certain group of closely related languages. They form a subgroup of the
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1538:
683:
123:
by the Czech Josef Konečný (1912). Until the beginning of the 20th century, all projects were characterized by a heavily
181:(Mark Hučko, 1999). These projects aim at radical simplification of the grammar, often combining Slavic vocabulary with
1612:
55:
54:, a dialect that naturally emerges as a means of communication among speakers of divergent dialects of a language, and
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1514:
780:
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31:
386:"What Is the Relationship Between Language and Thought?: Linguistic Relativity and its Implications for Copyright"
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135:
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960:
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before their extinction. It is intended as an indigenous language for the descendants of the
Aboriginal
88:
1097:
229:
Many international auxiliary languages intended for global use consist exclusively or predominantly of
100:
1591:
663:
310:(1992) by the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre. It is constructed from the vocabulary registered from the
166:
34:
but are intended to serve a limited linguistic or geographic area, rather than the whole world like
289:
Apart from these Indo-European examples, there have also been attempts on other language families:
170:
582:
850:
120:
178:
1320:
757:
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1023:
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452:
194:
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1035:
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27:
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8:
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150:. In 2011, Slovianski and Novosloviensky merged into one common project under the name
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69:, which has become the most successful example of all zonal constructed languages.
47:
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631:. Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Studies 1. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Rys: 41–48.
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Naturalistic projects have been created later as well. Notable examples are
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Languages for Pan-Germanic use have been created as well. Examples include
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296:(19th century), an artificially mixed language based on the languages of
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Most zonal constructed languages were developed during the period of
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99:. Other notable examples of early Pan-Slavic language projects are
1263:
1223:
413:"Constructed languages in the whirlwind of the digital revolution"
146:, based on Old Church Slavonic and published in 2010 by the Czech
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158:), also incorporating material from older naturalistic projects.
583:"Zonal Constructed Language Contacts and Positive Globalisation"
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Most numerous among the zonal auxiliary languages are, by far,
277:
by a group of linguists led by Jordi
Cassany Bates (2012) and
245:(1947), Internacional by João Evangelista Campos Lima (1948),
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324:(2000s), a language designed to be for communication between
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La
Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
274:
284:
419:. Алфа БК универзитет (Alfa BK univerzitet): 11.
1604:
532:
446:
281:by Raymund Zacharias and Thiago Sanctus (2017).
616:
269:by David Crandall and Robert W. Hubert (2000),
142:, a collaborative project started in 2006; and
95:, who is often regarded as the first recorded
684:
539:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics
339:(intended as a common language for Nigeria)
273:by Richard Sorfleet and Josu Lavin (2001),
691:
677:
698:
188:
127:grammar, based directly or indirectly on
16:Languages made to bridge a language group
590:Open Journal for Anthropological Studies
410:
392:. Faculty Scholarship of Penn Law: 46–48
218:
211:, an effort by A.J. Pilgrim (1965); and
1508:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
165:projects have emerged as well, such as
72:
1605:
664:A list of constructed Slavic languages
580:
672:
547:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.11
119:by the Czech Ignac Hošek (1907) and
383:
13:
377:
14:
1629:
1618:International auxiliary languages
1515:In the Land of Invented Languages
657:
285:Other zonal constructed languages
32:international auxiliary languages
499:"A Short History of Interslavic"
477:"neoslavonic language tutorial"
390:Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law
602:10.32591/coas.ojas.0101.01001h
526:
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491:
469:
440:
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91:(1665) by the Croatian priest
87:. The oldest known example is
1:
1587:List of constructed languages
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370:
173:(Vsevolod Cheshikhin, 1915),
384:Yoo, Christopher S. (2021).
109:Uzajemni Pravopis Slavjanski
7:
622:"Zonal Auxiliary Languages"
353:
253:by David Th. Stark (1996),
24:zonal constructed languages
10:
1634:
637:10.48226/978-83-66666-28-3
222:
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101:Universalis Lingua Slavica
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1613:Zonal auxiliary languages
1592:List of language creators
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533:Alan Reed Libert (2018).
447:Anna-Maria Meyer (2014).
436:– via ResearchGate.
177:(Bohumil Holý, 1920) and
20:Zonal auxiliary languages
411:Knežević, Nenad (2018).
1564:Interlingue/Interlingua
731:International auxiliary
169:(Edmund Kolkop, 1912),
50:. Related concepts are
1269:Middle-earth languages
535:"Artificial languages"
451:(in German). Bamberg:
189:Pan-Germanic languages
1544:Esperanto/Interlingua
1445:Esperanto orthography
1024:Pan-Germanic language
806:Communicationssprache
700:Constructed languages
581:Heršak, Emil (2017).
453:University of Bamberg
219:Pan-Romance languages
195:Pan-Germanic language
136:Mežduslavjanski jezik
28:constructed languages
1036:Pan-Romance language
911:Latino sine flexione
618:van Steenbergen, Jan
279:Latino Interromanico
271:Interlingua Romanica
239:Latino sine flexione
225:Pan-Romance language
85:Pan-Slavic languages
73:Pan-Slavic languages
63:romantic nationalism
1053:Pan-Slavic language
455:Press. p. 86.
312:Tasmanian languages
129:Old Church Slavonic
79:Pan-Slavic language
1440:Constructed script
916:Lingua Franca Nova
896:International Sign
259:Lingua Franca Nova
205:Germanic languages
1600:
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1455:Tolkien's scripts
1428:
1427:
1145:Logopandecteision
1108:Dutton Speedwords
1041:Neolatino Romance
921:Lingwa de planeta
646:978-83-66666-28-3
556:978-0-19-938465-5
479:. Neoslavonic.org
462:978-3-86309-233-7
426:978-86-6461-023-0
275:Romance Neolatino
1625:
1549:Esperanto/Novial
1373:Ritual and other
1214:Elvish languages
1135:Lingua generalis
1123:Astrolinguistics
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345:(intended as a
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237:material, like
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156:Medžuslovjansky
148:Vojtěch Merunka
111:by the Slovene
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223:Main article:
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144:Novosloviensky
93:Juraj Križanić
77:Main article:
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52:koiné language
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505:. 12 May 2013
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503:Steen.free.fr
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1450:Sitelen Pona
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857:esperantidos
826:Esperanto II
748:Experimental
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560:. Retrieved
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507:. Retrieved
502:
493:
481:. Retrieved
471:
448:
442:
430:. Retrieved
416:
406:
394:. Retrieved
389:
379:
331:
298:Efate Island
288:
243:André Schild
228:
198:
174:
160:
155:
133:
125:naturalistic
116:
113:Matija Majar
108:
82:
60:
23:
19:
18:
1532:Comparisons
1410:Palawa kani
1405:Medefaidrin
1080:Weltdeutsch
1070:Runyakitara
1058:Interslavic
891:Interlingue
886:Interlingua
869:Interglossa
796:Blissymbols
349:for Africa)
326:Finno-Ugric
308:Palawa kani
255:Interlingue
247:Interlingua
167:Slovanština
152:Interslavic
117:Neuslawisch
97:Pan-Slavist
89:Ruski jezik
67:Interslavic
56:Dachsprache
1607:Categories
1559:Ido/Novial
1380:Balaibalan
1090:Engineered
946:Pasilingua
836:Mundolinco
743:Engineered
575:Literature
509:9 December
371:References
316:Tasmanians
213:Folkspraak
140:Slovianski
105:Ján Herkeľ
1433:Neography
1359:Verdurian
1329:Syldavian
1324:languages
1322:Star Wars
1316:Spocanian
1199:Brithenig
1189:Atlantean
1175:Fictional
1165:Toki Pona
1014:Eurolengo
851:Universal
811:Esperanto
783:auxiliary
771:languages
769:Specific
719:Fictional
610:2560-5348
185:grammar.
183:Esperanto
171:Neposlava
163:schematic
36:Esperanto
1390:Enochian
1349:Valyrian
1339:Tsolyáni
1306:Newspeak
1284:Sindarin
1219:Enchanta
1209:Dothraki
1181:artistic
1118:Kalaba-X
1063:Iazychie
1029:Tutonish
999:Afrihili
956:Solresol
951:Sambahsa
936:Nal Bino
846:Romániço
841:Reformed
821:Arcaicam
816:Adjuvilo
773:by group
714:Artistic
620:(2020).
596:: 1–12.
562:4 August
354:See also
343:Afrihili
328:cultures
267:Romanova
249:(IALA),
209:Euronord
201:Tutonish
115:(1865),
107:(1826),
1470:Tengwar
1415:Yerkish
1395:Eskayan
1354:Venedic
1344:Utopian
1334:Teonaht
1311:Simlish
1289:more...
1274:Adûnaic
1259:Lydnevi
1239:Kobaïan
1234:Klingon
1113:Ithkuil
1046:Romanid
1009:Efatese
1004:Budinos
981:Volapük
926:Mondial
753:Musical
483:9 April
322:Budinos
302:Vanuatu
294:Efatese
263:Romanid
235:Romance
233:and/or
121:Slavina
48:Cornish
40:Volapük
1582:Portal
1465:Sarati
1301:Nadsat
1279:Quenya
1254:Loxian
1249:Lapine
1244:Láadan
1229:Kiliki
1204:Dritok
1179:other
1150:Lojban
1140:Loglan
1128:Lincos
941:Novial
901:Kotava
855:other
643:
608:
553:
459:
432:5 June
423:
396:5 June
257:, and
179:Slovio
26:, are
1481:Study
1460:Cirth
1385:Damin
1364:Wenja
1296:Naʼvi
1264:Mänti
1224:Kēlen
1019:Guosa
991:Zonal
976:Uropi
966:Unish
881:Intal
864:Glosa
801:Bolak
736:Zonal
625:(PDF)
586:(PDF)
337:Guosa
231:Latin
22:, or
1420:Zaum
1075:Wede
961:Sona
791:Babm
641:ISBN
606:ISSN
564:2021
551:ISBN
511:2014
485:2015
457:ISBN
434:2022
421:ISBN
398:2022
46:and
38:and
1177:and
1098:aUI
931:Neo
831:Ido
633:doi
598:doi
543:doi
300:in
103:by
1609::
1160:Ro
639:.
627:.
604:.
592:.
588:.
549:.
541:.
537:.
501:.
415:.
388:.
265:,
207:;
692:e
685:t
678:v
649:.
635::
612:.
600::
594:1
566:.
545::
513:.
487:.
465:.
400:.
318:.
304:.
154:(
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