610:
337:
local
Bornuan garrison began to exercise an increasing about of autonomy from Bornuan authority, ushering in a period of Semi-Independence as influence from the Hafsids began to grow. This period was brought to an abrupt end with the Ottoman conquest of Fezzan, but failure to integrate the economy of the Libyan countryside with the Mediterranean coast led to the disruption of the trans-Saharan trade routes which affected the town's prosperity and it lost its importance and rank of capital. When the
70:
575:
141:
77:
336:
Kanemi rule seems to have been relatively intermittent after the conquest of Fezzan by the end of the 12th century. During this time period, Zawila became one of the many slave-colonies established by Kanem-Bornu throughout their lands and became known for the extraction of salt. Evebtually, the
301:, who, coming from Egypt, conquered the region in the 1170s. The instability created by Qaraqush was exploited by the Kanem, who by the end of the 12th century had seized control of the Fezzan, establishing a new capital at
305:, a few miles west of Zawila. During this period, Zawila enjoyed considerable prosperity from irrigated agriculture, its production of a leather variety named after the town, and its privileged position on the
478:
A Sudanic chronicle: The Borno expeditions of Idrīs Alauma (1564-1576) : according to the account of Aḥmad B. Furṭū ; arabic text, english translation, commentary and geographical gazetteer
274:
captured the town in 762/63, and killed its Ibadi ruler, Abd Allah ibn Hayyan, but
Ibadism persisted in Zuwila and the Fezzan in general. The town then became part of the
252:(666/67 CE), there was no city there. Zawila was settled probably in the early 8th century. It very quickly became the chief town of the region.
685:
541:
101:
278:
domains, albeit lying on the extreme eastern periphery of their realm. After the demise of the
Rustamid dynasty at the hands of the
271:
644:
521:
434:
293:
started raiding the region in the 11th century, but the Banu
Khattab held power until they were conquered by an Armenian
412:
486:
459:
563:
609:
345:
as their capital to the west of Zawila, the trade routes were diverted there, and Zawila fell into obscurity.
571:
700:
695:
69:
403:
133:
361:
Amraja M. el
Khajkhaj, "Noumou al Mudon as Sagheera fi Libia", Dar as Saqia, Benghazi-2008, p.121.
690:
28:
17:
298:
325:. Alongside the Berbers, the town was inhabited by a free black settler population, likely of
197:
556:
282:, in 918/19 Zawila became the capital of another independent Ibadi state, under the Berber
8:
306:
309:
networks. The city was cosmopolitan and rich, the site of one of the largest markets of
513:
The
Ottoman Scramble for Africa : Empire and Diplomacy in the Sahara and the Hijaz
407:
163:
527:
517:
492:
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455:
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395:
387:
579:
549:
452:
African dominion : a new history of empire in early and medieval West Africa
391:
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168:
399:
338:
531:
679:
496:
330:
326:
245:
116:
103:
290:
283:
318:
234:
317:. The Fatimids recruited soldiers from the area, whence the name of the
249:
511:
476:
188:
279:
275:
267:
659:
649:
629:
302:
263:
259:
256:
654:
639:
634:
598:
342:
294:
238:
193:
156:
664:
583:
574:
322:
310:
146:
454:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 28–9.
255:During its early history, it was dominated by the
233:) is a village in southwestern Libya. During the
677:
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44:
509:
564:
550:
413:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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14:
678:
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385:
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375:
373:
371:
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286:dynasty, which lasted until 1176/77.
421:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 466.
686:Populated places in Murzuq District
45:
24:
364:
272:Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i
25:
712:
608:
573:
427:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8133
139:
75:
68:
503:
468:
443:
355:
248:passed through the area in 46
13:
1:
348:
76:
237:, it was the capital of the
7:
481:. Steiner-Verl. Wiesbaden.
10:
717:
26:
617:
606:
590:
475:Ibn-Furṭū, Aḥmad (1987).
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179:
174:
162:
152:
132:
97:
63:
56:
39:
450:Gomez, Michael (2018).
29:Zawila (disambiguation)
299:Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush
262:, who mostly followed
386:Vikør, K. S. (2002).
117:26.16667°N 15.11667°E
34:Town in Fezzan, Libya
341:dynasty established
27:For other uses, see
307:trans-Saharan trade
113: /
618:Towns and villages
313:captured from the
180: • Total
122:26.16667; 15.11667
701:Villages in Libya
696:History of Fezzan
673:
672:
523:978-0-8047-9929-4
510:Minawi, Mostafa.
436:978-90-04-12756-2
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89:Location in Libya
16:(Redirected from
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315:Lake Chad basin
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42:
35:
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
714:
704:
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691:Oases of Libya
688:
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502:
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404:van Donzel, E.
392:Bearman, P. J.
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339:Awlad Muhammad
209:(also spelled
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396:Bianquis, Th.
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246:Uqba ibn Nafi
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98:Coordinates:
96:
71:
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51:Zuila, Zweila
38:
30:
19:
624:
597:
512:
505:
477:
470:
451:
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418:
411:
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335:
291:Kanem Empire
288:
284:Banu Khattab
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319:Bab Zuwayla
235:Middle Ages
120: /
680:Categories
532:1198931477
417:Volume XI:
349:References
175:Population
108:15°07′00″E
105:26°10′00″N
497:310929267
189:Time zone
410:(eds.).
388:"Zawīla"
333:origin.
321:gate in
280:Fatimids
276:Rustamid
268:Abbasids
241:region.
164:District
660:Traghan
650:Tajarhi
630:Al Wigh
591:Capital
303:Traghan
264:Ibadism
260:Berbers
257:Hawwara
231:Zuweila
227:Zuwayla
223:Zawilah
134:Country
18:Zuwayla
655:Tmassa
640:Qatrun
635:Funqul
625:Zawila
599:Murzuk
530:
520:
495:
485:
458:
433:
406:&
343:Murzuk
331:Kanuri
327:Toubou
295:Mamluk
270:under
266:. The
239:Fezzan
215:Zweila
207:Zawila
169:Murzuq
157:Fezzan
153:Region
144:
665:Zizau
645:Qawat
584:Libya
390:. In
323:Cairo
311:slave
244:When
219:Zwila
211:Zuila
194:UTC+2
183:4,018
147:Libya
83:Zwila
46:زويلة
41:Zwila
528:OCLC
518:ISBN
493:OCLC
483:ISBN
456:ISBN
431:ISBN
329:and
289:The
250:A.H.
58:Town
423:doi
419:W–Z
229:or
198:EET
682::
582:,
526:.
516:.
491:.
429:.
415:.
402:;
398:;
394:;
366:^
297:,
225:,
221:,
217:,
213:,
565:e
558:t
551:v
534:.
499:.
464:.
439:.
425::
200:)
196:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
