682:
659:
1010:
51:
1500:
42:
1464:
1488:
2025:
6075:
950:. A 20 mg strength is available by prescription only. It is also available as a 1 mg/mL syrup for oral administration by prescription. In the UK, up to 30 tablets of 10 mg are on the general sales list (of pharmaceuticals) and can be purchased without a prescription and without pharmacist supervision. The drug can be in the form of tablets, capsules or a syrup.
1356:. Studies with cetirizine synthesized with radioactive carbon-14 show that 90% of excreted cetirizine is unchanged at 2 hours, 80% at 10 hours, and 70% at 24 hours, indicating limited and slow metabolism. While cetirizine does not undergo extensive metabolism or metabolism by the cytochrome P450 enzyme, it does undergo some metabolism by other means, the
1473:
The 1-(4-chlorophenylmethyl)-piperazine is alkylated with methyl (2-chloroethoxy)-acetate in the presence of sodium carbonate and xylene solvent to produce the Sn2 substitution product in 28% yield. Saponification of the acetate ester is done by refluxing with potassium hydroxide in absolute ethanol
997:
The United States Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) analyzed cases of pruritus after stopping cetirizine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and medical literature through 24 April 2017. Their report noted that some patients indicated the itchiness impacted their ability to
2044:
2551:
Taglialatela M, Pannaccione A, Castaldo P, Giorgio G, Zhou Z, January CT, et al. (July 1998). "Molecular basis for the lack of HERG K+ channel block-related cardiotoxicity by the H1 receptor blocker cetirizine compared with other second-generation antihistamines".
1155:
receptor occupancy by cetirizine are dose-dependent, and in accordance, while cetirizine at doses of 5 to 10 mg have been reported to be non-sedating or mildly sedating, a higher dose of 20 mg has been found to induce significant drowsiness in other studies.
3481:
Nathan RA, Finn AF, LaForce C, Ratner P, Chapman D, de Guia EC, et al. (September 2006). "Comparison of cetirizine-pseudoephedrine and placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and concomitant mild-to-moderate asthma: randomized, double-blind study".
2682:
Tashiro M, Kato M, Miyake M, Watanuki S, Funaki Y, Ishikawa Y, et al. (October 2009). "Dose dependency of brain histamine H(1) receptor occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine hydrochloride measured using PET with doxepin".
2633:
Gupta A, Chatelain P, Massingham R, Jonsson EN, Hammarlund-Udenaes M (February 2006). "Brain distribution of cetirizine enantiomers: comparison of three different tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients: K(p), K(p,u), and K(p,uu)".
1280:
of cetirizine has been found to be 93 to 96% across a range of 25 to 1,000 ng/mL independent of concentration. Plasma protein binding of 88 to 96% has also been reported across multiple studies. The drug is bound to
3394:
Jobst S, van den
Wijngaart W, Schubert A, van de Venne H (September 1994). "Assessment of the efficacy and safety of three dose levels of cetirizine given once daily in children with perennial allergic rhinitis".
1400:
of cetirizine ranges from 6.5 to 10 hours in healthy adults, with a mean across studies of approximately 8.3 hours. The elimination half-life of cetirizine is increased in the elderly (to 12 hours), in
2979:
Fumagalli F, Baiardini I, Pasquali M, Compalati E, Guerra L, Massacane P, et al. (August 2004). "Antihistamines: do they work? Further well-controlled trials involving larger samples are needed".
1534:
Cetirizine is marketed under the brand names
Alatrol, Alerid, Allacan, Allercet, Alzene, Cerchio, Cetirin, Cetizin, Cetriz, Cetzine, Cezin, Cetgel, Cirrus, Histec, Histazine, Humex, Letizen, Okacet (
1244:
following a single dose has been found to be 257 ng/mL for 10 mg and 580 ng/mL for 20 mg. Food has no effect on the bioavailability of cetirizine but has been found to delay the T
1264:
of cetirizine occur within 3 days and there is no accumulation of the drug with chronic administration. Following once-daily administration of 10 mg cetirizine for ten days, the mean C
3112:
Paśko P, Rodacki T, Domagała-Rodacka R, Palimonka K, Marcinkowska M, Owczarek D (September 2017). "Second generation H1 - antihistamines interaction with food and alcohol-A systematic review".
2587:
Hulhoven R, Rosillon D, Letiexhe M, Meeus MA, Daoust A, Stockis A (November 2007). "Levocetirizine does not prolong the QT/QTc interval in healthy subjects: results from a thorough QT study".
3066:
Boone M, Lespagnard L, Renard N, Song M, Rihoux JP (July 2000). "Adhesion molecule profiles in atopic dermatitis vs. allergic contact dermatitis: pharmacological modulation by cetirizine".
1151:
receptor occupancy correlated well with subjective sleepiness for 30 mg hydroxyzine but there was no correlation for 10 or 20 mg cetirizine. As such, brain penetration and brain H
1116:
has been observed with cetirizine at doses of up to 60 mg/day, six times the normal recommended dose and the highest dose of cetirizine that has been studied in healthy subjects.
1135:. (A 10 mg dose of cetirizine equals about a 30 mg dose of hydroxyzine in terms of peripheral antihistamine effect.) PET studies with antihistamines have found that brain H
6030:
938:
Cetirizine is also commonly prescribed to treat acute and (in particular cases) chronic urticaria (hives), more efficiently than any other second-generation antihistamine.
2340:
842:(hives). It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within thirty minutes and last for about a day. The degree of benefit is similar to other antihistamines such as
2780:
Yanai K, Tashiro M (January 2007). "The physiological and pathophysiological roles of neuronal histamine: an insight from human positron emission tomography studies".
1474:
to afford a 56% yield of the potassium salt intermediate. This is then hydrolyzed with aqueous HCl and extracted to give an 81% yield of the carboxylic acid product.
3214:
Conen S, Theunissen EL, Vermeeren A, van
Ruitenbeek P, Stiers P, Mehta MA, et al. (September 2013). "The role of P-glycoprotein in CNS antihistamine effects".
2516:
Orzechowski RF, Currie DS, Valancius CA (January 2005). "Comparative anticholinergic activities of 10 histamine H1 receptor antagonists in two functional models".
4242:
6135:
1512:
Cetirizine is available without a prescription. In some countries, it is only available over-the-counter in packages containing seven or ten 10 mg doses.
861:. Compared to other second-generation anti-histamines, cetirizine can cause drowsiness. Among second-generation antihistamines, cetirizine is more likely than
220:
3517:
1054:
5799:
3024:"Antiinflammatory properties of cetirizine in a human contact dermatitis model. Clinical evaluation of patch tests is not hampered by antihistamines"
2936:
Gelfand EW, Appajosyula S, Meeves S (January 2004). "Anti-inflammatory activity of H1-receptor antagonists: review of recent experimental research".
2023:, Baltes E, De Lannoy J, Rodriguez L, "2--acetic acids and their amides", issued 25 June 1985, assigned to UCB Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
6115:
1578:
Chen C (2008). "Physicochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of the zwitterionic antihistamines cetirizine and levocetirizine".
1538:), Piriteze, Reactine, Razene, Rigix, Sensahist (Oethmann, South Africa), Triz, Zetop, Zirtec, Zirtek, Zodac, Zyllergy, Zynor, Zyrlek, and Zyrtec (
853:
Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, headache, and abdominal pain. The degree of sleepiness that occurs is generally less than with
4922:
2378:
754:
5842:
5394:
5389:
5329:
5289:
5198:
5178:
4897:
4817:
4797:
2218:
1923:
5923:
5424:
5359:
5304:
5188:
4932:
4872:
4852:
4842:
4757:
4727:
4452:
2102:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
118:
5963:
5721:
5600:
5419:
5384:
5319:
5309:
5193:
5183:
5173:
5168:
4942:
4892:
4752:
4737:
4732:
4712:
768:
1301:
contribute much less to total plasma protein binding. The unbound or free fraction of levocetirizine has been reported to be 8%. The true
5978:
5580:
5429:
5414:
5374:
5339:
5203:
4947:
4907:
4887:
4877:
4787:
4235:
2075:
2850:
Bielory L, Lien KW, Bigelsen S (2005). "Efficacy and tolerability of newer antihistamines in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis".
5973:
5958:
5943:
5888:
5883:
5550:
5163:
5903:
5898:
5873:
5868:
5545:
5540:
5761:
3605:
3147:
796:
InChI=1S/C21H25ClN2O3/c22-19-8-6-18(7-9-19)21(17-4-2-1-3-5-17)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-15-27-16-20(25)26/h1-9,21H,10-16H2,(H,25,26)
5928:
2042:, Baltes, Eugene; Lannoy, Jean de & Rodriguez, Ludovic, "2--acetic acids and their amides", issued 1985-06-25
2269:
5766:
4228:
2348:
1038:
6120:
5792:
3268:
2194:
2133:
1944:
1851:
1139:
receptor occupancy of more than 50% is associated with a high prevalence of somnolence and cognitive decline, whereas brain H
1101:
903:
931:
and other allergies. Because the symptoms of itching and redness in these conditions are caused by histamine acting on the H
5822:
5255:
4295:
1409:(to 20 hours). Concentrations of cetirizine in the skin decline much slower than concentrations in the blood plasma. Its
2815:
Köller M, Hilger RA, Rihoux JP, König W (May 1996). "Cetirizine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human neutrophils".
6125:
3835:
813:
169:
6145:
3845:
3310:
Reiter J, Trinka P, Bartha FL, Pongó L, Volk B, Simig G (20 July 2012). "New
Manufacturing Procedure of Cetirizine".
2726:
van den Elzen MT, van Os-Medendorp H, van den Brink I, van den Hurk K, Kouznetsova OI, Lokin AS, et al. (2017).
2069:
1818:
1073:
788:
1724:
Portnoy JM, Dinakar C (January 2004). "Review of cetirizine hydrochloride for the treatment of allergic disorders".
990:
Discontinuing cetirizine after prolonged use (typically, use beyond six months) may result in pruritus (generalized
6110:
5785:
2728:"Effectiveness and safety of antihistamines up to fourfold or higher in treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria"
2239:
1527:. The combination is often marketed using the same brand name as the cetirizine with a "-D" suffix (for example,
1261:
827:
436:
260:
150:
1305:
of cetirizine is unknown but is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.45 L/kg. Cetirizine poorly and slowly crosses the
1392:. In total, about 60% of cetirizine eliminated in the urine is unchanged. It is eliminated in the urine via an
854:
847:
507:
1212:
3359:
Aaronson DW (May 1996). "Evaluation of cetirizine in patients with allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma".
6051:
5756:
3598:
1876:
Slater JW, Zechnich AD, Haxby DG (January 1999). "Second-generation antihistamines: a comparative review".
1124:
677:
558:
3179:
Hu Y, Sieck DE, Hsu WH (October 2015). "Why are second-generation H1-antihistamines minimally sedating?".
6095:
638:
2621:
The equivalent dose of 60 mg cetirizine is also the highest dose ever administered in healthy subjects .
1131:
receptor was 12.6% for 10 mg cetirizine, 25.2% for 20 mg cetirizine, and 67.6% for 30 mg
6065:
5852:
5808:
5036:
3741:
1528:
1381:
1365:
1123:
only slightly, and for this reason, produces minimal sedation compared to many other antihistamines. A
627:
2370:
2020:
1968:"Cetirizine for the treatment of allergic diseases in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
910:. In 2022, it was the 43rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 13
400:
2097:
1237:
of cetirizine have been found to increase linearly with dose across a range of 5 to 60 mg. Its
6130:
5066:
4537:
4031:
3759:
3712:
1644:
Simons FE, Simons KJ (May 1999). "Clinical pharmacology of new histamine H1 receptor antagonists".
1442:
1313:
654:
3576:. Bethesda (MD): American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2019 – via Medlineplus.
3569:
1085:
6025:
4327:
3591:
1306:
1286:
1120:
206:
108:
1843:
1770:
Simons FE (December 2002). "Comparative pharmacology of H1 antihistamines: clinical relevance".
128:
6010:
4957:
1516:
1302:
1277:
1001:
No specific schedule for weaning is currently provided in the drug information for cetirizine.
351:
17:
3258:
2059:
6100:
5672:
5649:
5466:
5448:
5217:
5120:
4262:
2235:
1397:
895:
Cetirizine can be used for paediatric patients. The main side effect to be cautious about is
858:
607:
498:
319:
294:
283:
6140:
3022:
Grob JJ, Castelain M, Richard MA, Bonniol JP, Béraud V, Adhoute H, et al. (May 1998).
1539:
567:
462:
385:
547:
8:
6020:
4467:
4280:
3963:
3841:
1282:
1238:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1175:, thereby regulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells. It has been shown to inhibit
1065:
1030:
1027:
453:
213:
681:
658:
5814:
4532:
4462:
4254:
4251:
3954:
3831:
3463:
3420:
3408:
3239:
3154:
3091:
3004:
2961:
2918:
2906:
2875:
2754:
2727:
2708:
2659:
2612:
2426:
2401:
2317:
2292:
2212:
1994:
1967:
1901:
1749:
1669:
1410:
1402:
1077:
907:
306:
180:
3495:
3372:
2725:
1783:
1092:
receptor over the five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and hence does not exhibit
5667:
5018:
3499:
3467:
3455:
3451:
3412:
3376:
3327:
3264:
3231:
3196:
3129:
3083:
3079:
3045:
2996:
2992:
2953:
2910:
2867:
2863:
2832:
2797:
2793:
2759:
2700:
2651:
2604:
2569:
2533:
2498:
2450:
2431:
2322:
2261:
2200:
2190:
2065:
1999:
1893:
1889:
1814:
1787:
1741:
1661:
1657:
1595:
1446:
1369:
1357:
1195:
1081:
971:
947:
831:
142:
3424:
3243:
3095:
3008:
2965:
2922:
2879:
2616:
1905:
1753:
1673:
5144:
5011:
4627:
4487:
4407:
4174:
3876:
3718:
3698:
3491:
3447:
3404:
3368:
3319:
3223:
3188:
3121:
3075:
3035:
2988:
2945:
2902:
2859:
2824:
2789:
2749:
2739:
2712:
2692:
2663:
2643:
2596:
2561:
2525:
2488:
2421:
2413:
2312:
2304:
2105:
1989:
1979:
1885:
1779:
1733:
1653:
1587:
1406:
1393:
1329:
1234:
946:
Cetirizine is available over-the-counter in the US in the form of 5 and 10 mg
694:
333:
243:
233:
68:
2155:
2125:
2039:
1936:
6105:
6079:
4547:
4507:
4482:
4367:
4189:
3901:
3821:
3708:
3677:
3518:"Antihistamine/Decongestant Combination (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names"
3284:
3192:
3125:
2529:
1520:
1325:
1223:
1093:
843:
487:
375:
367:
361:
341:
4220:
1088:, among many others. The drug shows 20,000-fold or greater selectivity for the H
6015:
5595:
5124:
5014:
4837:
4777:
4692:
4527:
4472:
4442:
4402:
4392:
4387:
4169:
4134:
4066:
3983:
3968:
3944:
3919:
3914:
3826:
3781:
3774:
2949:
1591:
1353:
1345:
1333:
1310:
1248:
by 1.7 hours (i.e., to approximately 2.7 hours) and to decrease the C
1113:
1050:
1014:
1009:
3227:
2744:
2600:
2308:
1309:, which is thought to be due to its chemical properties and its activity as a
6089:
5110:
5106:
5070:
5030:
4973:
4969:
4832:
4782:
4672:
4657:
4582:
4577:
4382:
4144:
4016:
3993:
3972:
3934:
3929:
3881:
3693:
3627:
3614:
3331:
2417:
2204:
1984:
1737:
877:
670:
3345:
3040:
3023:
1328:
system. Because of this, it does not interact significantly with drugs that
1233:
of cetirizine is approximately 1.0 hour regardless of formulation. The
50:
5913:
5726:
5630:
5570:
5491:
5364:
5148:
5140:
5132:
5128:
5114:
5078:
5074:
5060:
4989:
4961:
4827:
4812:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4652:
4647:
4617:
4597:
4587:
4552:
4502:
4432:
4352:
4209:
4199:
4109:
4089:
4078:
4056:
4046:
4036:
3891:
3796:
3746:
3733:
3618:
3543:
3503:
3459:
3235:
3200:
3133:
3087:
3000:
2957:
2871:
2801:
2763:
2704:
2655:
2647:
2608:
2537:
2502:
2435:
2326:
2003:
1791:
1745:
1665:
1599:
1524:
1430:
1341:
1337:
1058:
862:
238:
228:
33:
5777:
3416:
3393:
3380:
3049:
2914:
2836:
2573:
2184:
1897:
1252:
by 23%. Similar findings were reported for levocetirizine, which had its T
5968:
5711:
5682:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5590:
5555:
5496:
5471:
5434:
5344:
5265:
5260:
5152:
5102:
5082:
5056:
5048:
5001:
4997:
4981:
4937:
4902:
4882:
4862:
4857:
4742:
4707:
4667:
4632:
4622:
4607:
4572:
4562:
4542:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4477:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4357:
4332:
4300:
4285:
4184:
4114:
4099:
4094:
4074:
4051:
4041:
4026:
4021:
3939:
3886:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3801:
3786:
3751:
3662:
2565:
1298:
1290:
1226:
of cetirizine is at least 70% and of levocetirizine is at least 85%. The
1132:
975:
136:
2893:
Walsh GM (January 1994). "The anti-inflammatory effects of cetirizine".
2110:
1499:
935:
receptor, blocking those receptors temporarily relieves those symptoms.
902:
It was patented in 1983 and came into medical use in 1987. It is on the
527:
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5938:
5933:
5918:
5847:
5731:
5620:
5585:
5565:
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5504:
5409:
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5369:
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5324:
5314:
5299:
5294:
5094:
5022:
4993:
4985:
4912:
4847:
4807:
4802:
4767:
4722:
4717:
4642:
4567:
4492:
4457:
4447:
4417:
4397:
4377:
4337:
4204:
4179:
4084:
4008:
4003:
3988:
3924:
3909:
3723:
3703:
3657:
3647:
3642:
3583:
1463:
1438:
1349:
1179:
1176:
1061:
967:
896:
866:
835:
730:
538:
41:
3323:
3213:
2828:
2550:
2493:
2477:"The clinical use of cetirizine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis"
2476:
5716:
5677:
5625:
5575:
5476:
5354:
5250:
5235:
5098:
5086:
5052:
5040:
5026:
4977:
4965:
4927:
4917:
4867:
4822:
4772:
4747:
4662:
4637:
4612:
4602:
4592:
4557:
4497:
4437:
4372:
4362:
4342:
4290:
4138:
4104:
3998:
3978:
3811:
3806:
3791:
3764:
3688:
3667:
3652:
3111:
2696:
1450:
1361:
1172:
991:
963:
928:
881:
873:
839:
473:
410:
122:
857:
because second-generation antihistamines are more selective for the
5953:
5908:
5736:
5695:
5635:
5530:
5525:
5509:
5245:
5240:
5136:
5044:
5005:
4792:
4347:
4164:
3866:
3728:
2978:
1168:
1159:
Cetirizine also shows anti-inflammatory properties independent of H
1144:
1049:
receptor are approximately 6 nM for cetirizine, 3 nM for
959:
587:
518:
164:
2019:
1164:
753:
6005:
5878:
5535:
5486:
5273:
5090:
4308:
4194:
4155:
4070:
974:, while more serious, but rare, adverse effects reported include
5690:
5481:
2632:
1487:
1260:
decreased by about 36% when administered with a high-fat meal.
1191:
985:
618:
83:
3068:
Journal of the
European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
2156:"Cetirizine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022"
1163:
receptors. The effect is exhibited through suppression of the
92:
3438:
Wellington K, Jarvis B (2001). "Cetirizine/pseudoephedrine".
2586:
2290:
1535:
1389:
1385:
1102:
979:
889:
744:
598:
420:
415:
2183:
Rang HP, Dale MM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (21 January 2015).
1143:
receptor occupancy of less than 20% is considered to be non-
1064:
is the main active form. Cetirizine has 600-fold or greater
643:
5823:
3021:
1183:
1097:
578:
74:
3544:"Cetirizine: antihistamine that relieves allergy symptoms"
2515:
2293:"Unbearable Pruritus After Withdrawal of (Levo)cetirizine"
1505:
Zyrtec-D, a combination of cetirizine and pseudoephedrine.
3065:
2681:
2399:
2341:"Cetirizine (Zyrtec) Withdrawal & Unbearable Itching"
2291:
Ekhart C, van der Horst P, van Hunsel F (December 2016).
2096:
86:
2935:
1966:
Zhou P, Jia Q, Wang Z, Zhao R, Zhou W (25 August 2022).
1813:(76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 279.
3480:
3348:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 11 September 2016.
3309:
2814:
2182:
1072:
receptor over a wide variety of other sites, including
904:
3260:
Allergy and Asthma: Practical
Diagnosis and Management
1844:"Cetirizine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals"
6063:
2038:
958:
Commonly reported side effects of cetirizine include
880:
is not recommended. The medication works by blocking
95:
89:
71:
2768:30 mg of hydroxyzine equals about 10 mg cetirizine
2451:"Did you know stopping Zyrtec can cause withdrawal?"
80:
2849:
1875:
506:
77:
5809:
4250:
1937:"Cetirizine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings"
1850:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
6087:
3437:
2817:International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
998:work, sleep or perform normal daily activities.
486:
3107:
3105:
3061:
3059:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2057:
1965:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1127:(PET) study found that brain occupancy of the H
1096:effects. It shows negligible inhibition of the
461:
3140:
2474:
2402:"Pruritus after discontinuation of cetirizine"
2400:Chung AH, La Grenade L, Harinstein LM (2019).
1912:
1765:
1763:
1723:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
6136:World Health Organization essential medicines
5793:
4236:
3599:
1324:Cetirizine is notably not metabolized by the
1110:Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration
3250:
3207:
3172:
3102:
3056:
2972:
2929:
2843:
2779:
2773:
2719:
2670:
2580:
2509:
2468:
1643:
986:Pruritus after discontinuation of cetirizine
168:
5828:Tooltip Platelet-activating factor receptor
5807:
3015:
2886:
2808:
2626:
2544:
1760:
1680:
1606:
1556:
1493:A package of 10 mg cetirizine tablets.
1441:of cetirizine. The drug is a member of the
1433:. Chemically, levocetirizine is the active
776:Clc1ccc(cc1)C(c2ccccc2)N3CCN(CC3)CCOCC(=O)O
5800:
5786:
4243:
4229:
3606:
3592:
3484:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
3361:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
3312:Organic Process Research & Development
3178:
2217:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1190:found that it inhibited the expression of
1186:release. At a dosage of 20 mg, Boone
1167:pathway, and by regulating the release of
680:
657:
546:
5998:
3039:
2753:
2743:
2589:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2492:
2425:
2316:
2109:
1993:
1983:
566:
6116:Drugs developed by Johnson & Johnson
3613:
3358:
3256:
1811:British national formulary : BNF 76
1462:
1372:of cetirizine have not been identified.
1008:
2090:
2051:
1929:
1922:was invoked but never defined (see the
1827:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1017:(top) and D-stereoisomer of cetirizine.
927:Cetirizine's primary indication is for
653:
526:
141:
14:
6088:
2381:from the original on 16 September 2017
2064:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 549.
1769:
1368:. The precise enzymes responsible for
1211:Cetirizine is rapidly and extensively
671:
300:
5781:
4224:
3632:
3587:
2892:
2448:
2230:
2228:
2178:
2176:
2104:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2015:
2013:
626:
606:
444:(±)--1-piperazinyl]ethoxy]acetic acid
313:
159:
127:
3574:AHFS Patient Medication Information
2938:Current Medical Research and Opinion
2242:from the original on 10 October 2022
1871:
1869:
1798:
1577:
1256:delayed by 1.25 hours and its C
242:
232:
3291:. U.S. Naionatl Library of Medicine
2406:Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety
2136:from the original on 30 August 2024
2078:from the original on 8 October 2022
1917:
1854:from the original on 28 August 2021
1201:
1021:
586:
477:
289:
24:
4508:Etybenzatropine (ethylbenztropine)
3409:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00125.x
2907:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00921.x
2732:Clinical and Translational Allergy
2225:
2189:(Eighth ed.). . p. 332.
2173:
2010:
953:
941:
25:
6157:
3114:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
2895:Clinical and Experimental Allergy
2475:Zhang L, Cheng L, Hong J (2013).
2272:from the original on 23 July 2019
1947:from the original on 6 March 2019
1866:
1726:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
269:
191:
113:Allacan, Piriteze, Zyrtec, others
6073:
3689:Bromazine (bromodiphenhydramine)
3452:10.2165/00003495-200161150-00009
3181:European Journal of Pharmacology
3148:"Zyrtec prescribing information"
3080:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00017.x
2993:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00573.x
2864:10.2165/00003495-200565020-00004
2794:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.06.008
2518:European Journal of Pharmacology
1918:Cite error: The named reference
1890:10.2165/00003495-199957010-00004
1772:The American Journal of Medicine
1658:10.2165/00003088-199936050-00003
1498:
1486:
1336:cytochrome P450 enzymes such as
714:
711:
705:
67:
49:
40:
5762:Monoamine metabolism modulators
3562:
3536:
3510:
3474:
3431:
3387:
3352:
3338:
3303:
3277:
2782:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2636:Drug Metabolism and Disposition
2442:
2393:
2363:
2333:
2284:
2254:
2148:
2118:
2058:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
2032:
1959:
1477:
1384:approximately 70 to 85% in the
1271:
1004:
917:
855:first-generation antihistamines
828:second-generation antihistamine
801:Key:ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3945:Tripelennamine (pyribenzamine)
1375:
888:receptors, mostly outside the
848:first-generation antihistamine
720:
699:
278:
13:
1:
6052:Receptor/signaling modulators
5767:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
5757:Receptor/signaling modulators
3496:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60806-X
3373:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63461-8
3346:"Cetirizine: Clinical Review"
2061:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1784:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01436-5
1549:
1515:Cetirizine is available as a
1319:
1219:in tablet or syrup form. The
1206:
876:appears safe, but use during
6121:Peripherally selective drugs
3819:Phenylpyridinylpropanamines:
3193:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.016
3126:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.008
2530:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.11.006
2186:Rang and Dale's pharmacology
1456:
1416:
1125:positron emission tomography
1026:Cetirizine acts as a highly
922:
7:
5390:Quisultazine (quisultidine)
5037:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3742:Diphenylmethanolpiperidines
3263:. Springer. pp. 574–.
1580:Current Medicinal Chemistry
10:
6162:
4353:Benzatropine (benztropine)
3257:Mahmoudi M (2 June 2016).
3153:. May 2006. Archived from
3028:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
2950:10.1185/030079903125002586
2236:"CETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE"
2114:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
1592:10.2174/092986708785747625
689:Chemical and physical data
6126:Drugs developed by Pfizer
6043:
5991:
5861:
5835:
5821:
5749:
5704:
5660:
5648:
5518:
5459:
5447:
5282:
5228:
5216:
5067:Tricyclic antidepressants
4923:Sequifenadine (bicarphen)
4317:
4273:
4261:
4153:
4123:
3953:
3900:
3760:Diphenylmethylpiperazines
3686:Diarylmethoxyalkylamines:
3676:
3626:
3228:10.1007/s00213-013-3075-z
2745:10.1186/s13601-017-0141-3
2601:10.1007/s00228-007-0366-5
2309:10.1007/s40800-016-0041-9
2297:Drug Safety: Case Reports
2098:World Health Organization
1646:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
1445:group of antihistamines.
809:
784:
764:
742:
729:
693:
688:
669:
637:
617:
597:
577:
557:
537:
517:
497:
472:
452:
432:
427:
409:
399:
384:
374:
360:
350:
340:
332:
259:
254:
219:
205:
179:
149:
135:
117:
107:
62:
57:
48:
39:
6146:4-Chlorophenyl compounds
4705:Second/third-generation:
4538:Hydroxyethylpromethazine
4032:Hydroxyethylpromethazine
2685:Human Psychopharmacology
2418:10.1177/2042098619859996
1985:10.3389/fped.2022.940213
1738:10.1517/14656566.5.1.125
1443:diphenylmethylpiperazine
1112:> 30 μM) and no
1074:muscarinic acetylcholine
309:(GSL, OTC) / P
27:Antihistamine medication
6111:H1 receptor antagonists
5914:Ginkgolide B (BN-52021)
5345:Lavoltidine (loxtidine)
4958:Atypical antipsychotics
4903:Quifenadine (phencarol)
4568:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
4328:4-Methyldiphenhydramine
4205:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
3925:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
3041:10.1080/000155598441512
2449:Borst H (18 May 2023).
1972:Frontiers in Pediatrics
1119:Cetirizine crosses the
914:million prescriptions.
906:. It is available as a
346:Well-absorbed (>70%)
325:OTC / Rx-only
5121:Typical antipsychotics
2648:10.1124/dmd.105.007211
2554:Molecular Pharmacology
1517:combination medication
1468:
1413:is at least 24 hours.
1405:(to 14 hours), and in
1303:volume of distribution
1278:plasma protein binding
1086:α-adrenergic receptors
1057:, indicating that the
1053:, and 100 nM for
1018:
5087:dosulepin (dothiepin)
2371:"addicted to zyrtec?"
2262:"Zyrtec Side Effects"
2126:"The Top 300 of 2022"
2021:US patent 4525358
1778:(Suppl 9A): 38S–46S.
1540:Johnson & Johnson
1467:Cetirizine synthesis:
1466:
1398:elimination half-life
1388:and 10 to 13% in the
1012:
869:to cause drowsiness.
3964:Dibenzocycloheptenes
2566:10.1124/mol.54.1.113
2412:: 2042098619859996.
1421:Cetirizine contains
1268:was 311 ng/mL.
322: / Rx-only
4468:Dexchlorpheniramine
4281:2-Pyridylethylamine
3842:Dexchlorpheniramine
2987:(Suppl 78): 74–77.
1307:blood–brain barrier
1262:Steady-state levels
1217:oral administration
1121:blood–brain barrier
395:Range: 6.5–10 hours
36:
6096:Belgian inventions
4533:Homochlorcyclizine
4463:Dexbrompheniramine
4252:Histamine receptor
3832:Dexbrompheniramine
3216:Psychopharmacology
1469:
1411:duration of action
1403:hepatic impairment
1358:metabolic pathways
1295:-acid glycoprotein
1147:. In accordance, H
1033:of the histamine H
1019:
908:generic medication
401:Duration of action
307:General sales list
32:
6061:
6060:
6039:
6038:
5987:
5986:
5775:
5774:
5745:
5744:
5673:α-Methylhistamine
5668:4-Methylhistamine
5644:
5643:
5467:α-Methylhistamine
5443:
5442:
5212:
5211:
5161:Unknown/unsorted:
5019:hydroxynefazodone
4325:First-generation:
4218:
4217:
4131:Phenylpiperazines
3550:. 30 October 2018
3524:. 7 February 2023
3446:(15): 2231–2240.
3324:10.1021/op300009y
3270:978-3-319-30835-7
3160:on 4 January 2010
2829:10.1159/000237310
2595:(11): 1011–1017.
2494:10.1159/000351843
2351:on 14 August 2013
2345:People's Pharmacy
2196:978-0-7020-5362-7
1586:(21): 2173–2191.
1453:and hydroxyzine.
1436:
1428:
1424:
1360:of which include
1196:atopic dermatitis
1194:in patients with
832:allergic rhinitis
821:
820:
755:Interactive image
639:CompTox Dashboard
317:
304:
292:
281:
274: Unscheduled
273:
195:
162:
16:(Redirected from
6153:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6069:
5996:
5995:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5811:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5779:
5778:
5685:
5658:
5657:
5499:
5457:
5456:
5268:
5226:
5225:
5145:prochlorperazine
5012:Phenylpiperazine
4628:Phenyltoloxamine
4488:Diphenylpyraline
4408:Chlorphenoxamine
4303:
4271:
4270:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4175:Chlorphenoxamine
3902:Ethylenediamines
3877:Phenyltoloxamine
3836:+pseudoephedrine
3719:Diphenylpyraline
3699:Chlorphenoxamine
3636:
3634:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3318:(7): 1279–1282.
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2757:
2747:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2697:10.1002/hup.1051
2679:
2668:
2667:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2347:. Archived from
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1840:
1825:
1824:
1807:
1796:
1795:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1721:
1678:
1677:
1641:
1604:
1603:
1575:
1502:
1490:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1407:renal impairment
1394:active transport
1235:pharmacokinetics
1202:Pharmacokinetics
1111:
1107:
1055:dextrocetirizine
1022:Pharmacodynamics
1013:L-Stereoisomer,
913:
817:
816:
757:
737:
722:
716:
713:
707:
701:
684:
673:
662:
661:
647:
645:
630:
610:
590:
570:
550:
530:
510:
490:
480:
479:
465:
389:
315:
312:
302:
299:
291:
288:
280:
277:
271:
268:
246:
236:
193:
190:
172:
161:
158:
145:
131:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
53:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
6161:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6131:Chlorcyclizines
6086:
6085:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6064:
6062:
6057:
6035:
5983:
5857:
5827:
5817:
5806:
5776:
5771:
5741:
5700:
5683:
5653:
5640:
5514:
5497:
5452:
5439:
5278:
5266:
5221:
5208:
5015:antidepressants
4548:Isopromethazine
4483:Diphenhydramine
4368:Brompheniramine
4313:
4301:
4266:
4257:
4249:
4219:
4214:
4190:Diphenhydramine
4149:
4135:Antidepressants
4119:
4067:Antidepressants
3969:Antidepressants
3949:
3896:
3822:Brompheniramine
3709:Diphenhydramine
3672:
3630:
3622:
3612:
3582:
3581:
3570:"Protriptyline"
3568:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3479:
3475:
3436:
3432:
3392:
3388:
3357:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3255:
3251:
3212:
3208:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3110:
3103:
3064:
3057:
3020:
3016:
2977:
2973:
2934:
2930:
2891:
2887:
2848:
2844:
2813:
2809:
2778:
2774:
2724:
2720:
2680:
2671:
2631:
2627:
2585:
2581:
2549:
2545:
2514:
2510:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2447:
2443:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2181:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2011:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1874:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1828:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1799:
1768:
1761:
1722:
1681:
1642:
1607:
1576:
1557:
1552:
1521:pseudoephedrine
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1480:
1459:
1419:
1396:mechanism. The
1378:
1326:cytochrome P450
1322:
1294:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1231:
1224:bioavailability
1209:
1204:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1109:
1106:
1094:anticholinergic
1091:
1071:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1024:
1007:
988:
956:
954:Adverse effects
944:
942:Available forms
934:
925:
920:
911:
887:
844:diphenhydramine
812:
810:
805:
802:
797:
792:
791:
780:
777:
772:
771:
760:
735:
725:
719:
710:
704:
665:
641:
633:
613:
593:
573:
553:
533:
513:
493:
476:
468:
448:
445:
440:
439:
419:
394:
393:Mean: 8.3 hours
387:
376:Onset of action
368:cytochrome P450
352:Protein binding
342:Bioavailability
334:Pharmacokinetic
328:
250:
208:
201:
182:
175:
70:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6159:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6083:
6082:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6016:Phosphocholine
6013:
6008:
6002:
6000:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5830:
5819:
5818:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5782:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5655:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5596:Iodophenpropit
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5157:
5156:
5125:chlorpromazine
5118:
5064:
5034:
5009:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4838:Levocetirizine
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4778:Clobenztropine
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4693:Tripelennamine
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4528:Histapyrrodine
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:Dimenhydrinate
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4443:Cyproheptadine
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4403:Chlorphenamine
4400:
4395:
4393:Chloropyramine
4390:
4388:Chlorcyclizine
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Chloropyramine
4167:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4017:Phenothiazines
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Cyproheptadine
3981:
3976:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3920:Histapyrrodine
3917:
3915:Chloropyramine
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3846:+betamethasone
3839:
3829:
3827:Chlorphenamine
3824:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Chlorcyclizine
3779:
3778:
3777:
3775:Levocetirizine
3767:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3682:
3680:
3678:Diarylmethanes
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3628:Benzimidazoles
3624:
3623:
3615:Antihistamines
3611:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3561:
3535:
3509:
3490:(3): 389–396.
3473:
3430:
3403:(8): 598–604.
3386:
3367:(5): 440–446.
3351:
3337:
3302:
3276:
3269:
3249:
3206:
3171:
3139:
3101:
3074:(4): 263–266.
3055:
3034:(3): 194–197.
3014:
2971:
2928:
2885:
2858:(2): 215–228.
2842:
2807:
2772:
2718:
2691:(7): 540–548.
2669:
2642:(2): 318–323.
2625:
2579:
2560:(1): 113–121.
2543:
2524:(3): 257–264.
2508:
2487:(1–2): 14–25.
2467:
2441:
2392:
2362:
2332:
2283:
2253:
2224:
2195:
2172:
2147:
2117:
2089:
2070:
2050:
2031:
2009:
1958:
1928:
1911:
1865:
1826:
1819:
1797:
1759:
1732:(1): 125–135.
1679:
1652:(5): 329–352.
1605:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1455:
1418:
1415:
1380:Cetirizine is
1377:
1374:
1370:transformation
1346:clarithromycin
1321:
1318:
1311:P-glycoprotein
1292:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1229:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1114:cardiotoxicity
1104:
1089:
1069:
1051:levocetirizine
1046:
1040:
1037:receptor. The
1034:
1023:
1020:
1015:levocetirizine
1006:
1003:
987:
984:
955:
952:
943:
940:
932:
924:
921:
919:
916:
885:
830:used to treat
819:
818:
807:
806:
804:
803:
800:
798:
795:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:
778:
775:
767:
766:
765:
762:
761:
759:
758:
750:
748:
740:
739:
733:
727:
726:
723:
717:
708:
702:
697:
691:
690:
686:
685:
675:
667:
666:
664:
663:
650:
648:
635:
634:
632:
631:
623:
621:
615:
614:
612:
611:
603:
601:
595:
594:
592:
591:
583:
581:
575:
574:
572:
571:
563:
561:
555:
554:
552:
551:
543:
541:
535:
534:
532:
531:
523:
521:
515:
514:
512:
511:
503:
501:
495:
494:
492:
491:
483:
481:
470:
469:
467:
466:
458:
456:
450:
449:
447:
446:
443:
435:
434:
433:
430:
429:
425:
424:
413:
407:
406:
403:
397:
396:
391:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
364:
358:
357:
354:
348:
347:
344:
338:
337:
330:
329:
327:
326:
323:
310:
297:
286:
275:
265:
263:
257:
256:
252:
251:
249:
248:
225:
223:
217:
216:
211:
209:administration
203:
202:
200:
199:
197:
187:
185:
177:
176:
174:
173:
155:
153:
147:
146:
139:
133:
132:
125:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6158:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6081:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5826:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5647:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5446:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5215:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5111:protriptyline
5108:
5107:nortriptyline
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5071:amitriptyline
5068:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5031:triazoledione
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4974:brilaroxazine
4971:
4970:brexpiprazole
4967:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Levocabastine
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:Desloratadine
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Thenyldiamine
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:Pyrrobutamine
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:Methapyrilene
4581:
4579:
4578:Methafurylene
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Carbinoxamine
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
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4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4145:Phenbenzamine
4143:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
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4025:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Desloratadine
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3973:amitriptyline
3970:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Phenbenzamine
3933:
3931:
3930:Methapyrilene
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Pyrrobutamine
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3850:
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3808:
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3722:
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3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Carbinoxamine
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
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2077:
2073:
2071:9783527607495
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1946:
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1932:
1925:
1915:
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1820:9780857113382
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1489:
1475:
1465:
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1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1431:stereoisomers
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
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1199:
1197:
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1067:
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1060:
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1044:
1032:
1029:
1016:
1011:
1002:
999:
995:
993:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
951:
949:
939:
936:
930:
915:
909:
905:
900:
898:
893:
891:
883:
879:
878:breastfeeding
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
846:, which is a
845:
841:
837:
834:(hay fever),
833:
829:
825:
815:
808:
799:
794:
793:
790:
783:
774:
773:
770:
763:
756:
752:
751:
749:
746:
741:
734:
732:
728:
698:
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
676:
674:
672:ECHA InfoCard
668:
660:
656:
655:DTXSID4022787
652:
651:
649:
640:
636:
629:
625:
624:
622:
620:
616:
609:
605:
604:
602:
600:
596:
589:
585:
584:
582:
580:
576:
569:
565:
564:
562:
560:
556:
549:
545:
544:
542:
540:
536:
529:
525:
524:
522:
520:
516:
509:
505:
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502:
500:
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489:
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475:
471:
464:
460:
459:
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438:
431:
426:
422:
417:
414:
412:
408:
404:
402:
398:
392:
390:
383:
380:20–42 minutes
379:
377:
373:
369:
366:Minimal (non-
365:
363:
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
321:
311:
308:
298:
296:
287:
285:
276:
267:
266:
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245:
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178:
171:
166:
157:
156:
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148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
100:
65:
63:Pronunciation
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
6101:Acetic acids
6050:
5893:
5727:Thioperamide
5631:Thioperamide
5571:Clobenpropit
5492:Immethridine
5395:Ramixotidine
5365:Niperotidine
5330:Isolamtidine
5290:Bisfentidine
5199:Trelnarizine
5179:Flotrenizine
5160:
5149:thioridazine
5141:perphenazine
5133:fluphenazine
5129:flupenthixol
5115:trimipramine
5079:clomipramine
5075:butriptyline
5061:oxaprotiline
4990:paliperidone
4962:aripiprazole
4954:
4898:Piclopastine
4828:Latrepirdine
4818:Flezelastine
4813:Fexofenadine
4798:Efletirizine
4762:
4704:
4698:Triprolidine
4688:Tolpropamine
4683:Thonzylamine
4678:Thiazinamium
4653:Propiomazine
4648:Promethazine
4618:Phenindamine
4598:Orphenadrine
4588:Methdilazine
4553:Isothipendyl
4503:Etodroxizine
4433:Cloperastine
4324:
4210:Promethazine
4200:Isothipendyl
4130:
4110:Phenindamine
4090:Latrepirdine
4079:trimipramine
4063:
4057:Promethazine
4047:Methdilazine
4037:Isothipendyl
4015:
3962:
3892:Triprolidine
3858:
3818:
3797:Etodroxizine
3769:
3758:
3747:Fexofenadine
3740:
3734:Orphenadrine
3685:
3573:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3547:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3521:
3512:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3340:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3288:
3285:"Cetirizine"
3279:
3259:
3252:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3155:the original
3142:
3117:
3113:
3071:
3067:
3031:
3027:
3017:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2944:(1): 73–81.
2941:
2937:
2931:
2901:(1): 81–85.
2898:
2894:
2888:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2823:(1): 52–56.
2820:
2816:
2810:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2767:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2688:
2684:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2484:
2481:Pharmacology
2480:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:
2444:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2374:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2349:the original
2344:
2335:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2185:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2138:. Retrieved
2129:
2120:
2111:10665/371090
2101:
2092:
2082:19 September
2080:. Retrieved
2060:
2053:
2034:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1914:
1884:(1): 31–47.
1881:
1877:
1856:. Retrieved
1847:
1810:
1775:
1771:
1729:
1725:
1649:
1645:
1583:
1579:
1543:
1533:
1525:decongestant
1514:
1511:
1478:Availability
1472:
1420:
1379:
1342:erythromycin
1338:theophylline
1323:
1299:lipoproteins
1275:
1272:Distribution
1210:
1187:
1158:
1118:
1059:levorotatory
1025:
1005:Pharmacology
1000:
996:
989:
957:
945:
937:
926:
918:Medical uses
901:
894:
871:
863:fexofenadine
852:
823:
822:
811:
386:Elimination
261:Legal status
255:Legal status
151:License data
29:
6141:Piperazines
5969:Terfenadine
5924:Kadsurenone
5862:Antagonists
5712:JNJ-7777120
5705:Antagonists
5616:PF-03654746
5611:NNC 38-1049
5606:JNJ-5207852
5591:Impentamine
5556:Betahistine
5519:Antagonists
5472:Cipralisant
5435:Zolantidine
5425:Venritidine
5360:Mifentidine
5305:Dalcotidine
5283:Antagonists
5261:Impromidine
5189:Napactadine
5153:thiothixene
5103:lofepramine
5083:desipramine
5057:mirtazapine
5049:maprotiline
5002:ziprasidone
4998:risperidone
4982:iloperidone
4938:Terfenadine
4933:Temelastine
4883:Olopatadine
4873:Noberastine
4863:Mizolastine
4858:Mebhydrolin
4853:Mapinastine
4843:Linetastine
4758:Carebastine
4743:Bepotastine
4728:Bamirastine
4708:Acrivastine
4668:Thenalidine
4633:Pimethixene
4623:Pheniramine
4608:Oxomemazine
4573:Mequitazine
4563:Medrylamine
4543:Hydroxyzine
4523:Flunarizine
4518:Fenethazine
4513:Etymemazine
4478:Dimetindene
4453:Decloxizine
4428:Clocinizine
4423:Clobenzepam
4413:Cinnarizine
4358:Bepotastine
4333:Alimemazine
4318:Antagonists
4286:Betahistine
4185:Dimetindene
4115:Pimethixene
4100:Olopatadine
4095:Mebhydrolin
4075:mirtazapine
4052:Oxomemazine
4042:Mequitazine
4027:Fenethazine
4022:Alimemazine
3940:Thenalidine
3887:Quifenadine
3872:Dimetindene
3862:Acrivastine
3852:Pheniramine
3802:Hydroxyzine
3787:Cinnarizine
3752:Terfenadine
3663:Mizolastine
3528:23 February
3522:Mayo Clinic
3222:(1): 9–19.
3187:: 100–106.
3164:19 November
2788:(1): 1–15.
2455:The Checkup
2385:9 September
2355:9 September
1920:PMID9951950
1544:inter alios
1376:Elimination
1366:conjugation
1133:hydroxyzine
1066:selectivity
976:tachycardia
859:H1 receptor
738: g·mol
678:100.223.545
428:Identifiers
137:MedlinePlus
109:Trade names
6090:Categories
5999:Precursors
5964:SRI 63-441
5949:Rupatadine
5939:Loratadine
5934:Lexipafant
5919:Israpafant
5894:Cetirizine
5848:Edelfosine
5815:modulators
5732:Toreforant
5722:Seliforant
5686:-Histidine
5621:Pitolisant
5601:Irdabisant
5586:GSK-189254
5566:Ciproxifan
5561:Burimamide
5505:Methimepip
5500:-Histidine
5420:Tuvatidine
5410:Sufotidine
5405:Roxatidine
5400:Ranitidine
5385:Pibutidine
5380:Oxmetidine
5370:Nizatidine
5350:Lupitidine
5335:Lafutidine
5325:Famotidine
5320:Etintidine
5315:Ebrotidine
5310:Donetidine
5300:Cimetidine
5295:Burimamide
5269:-Histidine
5194:Tagorizine
5184:GSK1004723
5174:Elbanizine
5169:Belarizine
5095:imipramine
5023:nefazodone
4994:quetiapine
4986:olanzapine
4943:Vapitadine
4913:Rupatadine
4893:Pibaxizine
4848:Loratadine
4808:Epinastine
4803:Emedastine
4768:Clemastine
4763:Cetirizine
4753:Cabastinen
4738:Bepiastine
4733:Barmastine
4723:Azelastine
4718:Astemizole
4713:Alinastine
4643:Pipoxizine
4493:Doxylamine
4458:Deptropine
4448:Dacemazine
4418:Clemastine
4398:Chlorothen
4378:Captodiame
4338:Antazoline
4304:-Histidine
4255:modulators
4180:Clemastine
4085:Epinastine
4009:Rupatadine
4004:Loratadine
3989:Deptropine
3955:Tricyclics
3910:Antazoline
3770:Cetirizine
3724:Doxylamine
3704:Clemastine
3658:Emedastine
3648:Azelastine
3643:Astemizole
3554:23 October
2246:17 October
2040:US4525358A
1978:: 940213.
1550:References
1439:enantiomer
1382:eliminated
1350:cimetidine
1320:Metabolism
1285:with high
1207:Absorption
1180:chemotaxis
1177:eosinophil
1173:chemokines
1062:enantiomer
1031:antagonist
968:drowsiness
897:somnolence
867:loratadine
836:dermatitis
824:Cetirizine
743:3D model (
731:Molar mass
628:ChEMBL1000
608:CHEBI:3561
568:YO7261ME24
539:ChemSpider
499:IUPHAR/BPS
463:83881-51-0
454:CAS Number
437:IUPAC name
370:-mediated)
362:Metabolism
170:Cetirizine
34:Cetirizine
5979:Yangambin
5717:Mianserin
5678:Histamine
5626:SCH-79687
5581:Enerisant
5576:Conessine
5477:Histamine
5430:Xaltidine
5415:Tiotidine
5375:Osutidine
5355:Metiamide
5340:Lamtidine
5251:Histamine
5236:Amthamine
5204:Trenizine
5099:iprindole
5053:mianserin
5041:amoxapine
5027:trazodone
4978:clozapine
4966:asenapine
4948:Zepastine
4928:Talastine
4918:Setastine
4908:Rocastine
4888:Perastine
4878:Octastine
4868:Moxastine
4823:Ketotifen
4788:Dorastine
4773:Clemizole
4748:Bilastine
4663:Talastine
4638:Piperoxan
4613:Perlapine
4603:Oxatomide
4593:Moxastine
4558:Meclozine
4498:Embramine
4438:Cyclizine
4373:Buclizine
4363:Bromazine
4343:Azatadine
4291:Histamine
4139:trazodone
4105:Perlapine
3999:Ketotifen
3979:Azatadine
3812:Oxatomide
3807:Meclizine
3792:Cyclizine
3765:Buclizine
3713:+naproxen
3668:Talastine
3653:Bilastine
3468:263997602
3332:1083-6160
3120:: 27–39.
2303:(1): 16.
2276:21 August
2266:drugs.com
2213:cite book
2205:903083639
2165:30 August
2140:30 August
1941:Drugs.com
1924:help page
1848:Drugs.com
1457:Synthesis
1451:cyclizine
1447:Analogues
1417:Chemistry
1362:oxidation
1314:substrate
1276:The mean
1169:cytokines
1100:channel (
1078:serotonin
1068:for the H
1045:for the H
1028:selective
992:itchiness
964:dry mouth
929:hay fever
923:Allergies
882:histamine
874:pregnancy
840:urticaria
411:Excretion
405:≥24 hours
388:half-life
207:Routes of
181:Pregnancy
129:Monograph
123:Drugs.com
6080:Medicine
6047:See also
5974:WEB-2086
5959:SR-27417
5954:SM-12502
5944:PCA-4248
5909:Etizolam
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5884:BN-50739
5836:Agonists
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5460:Agonists
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5045:loxapine
5006:zotepine
4793:Ebastine
4348:Bamipine
4274:Agonists
4165:Bamipine
3867:Bamipine
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2100:(2023).
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1945:Archived
1906:46984477
1852:Archived
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1754:28946859
1746:14680442
1674:21360079
1666:10384858
1600:18781943
1529:Zyrtec-D
1449:include
1289:, while
1287:affinity
1213:absorbed
1145:sedative
1082:dopamine
960:headache
814:(verify)
519:DrugBank
423:: 10–13%
418:: 70–85%
221:ATC code
214:By mouth
196: B2
183:category
165:DailyMed
6006:Choline
5904:CV-6209
5899:CV-3988
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5869:A-85783
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1951:3 March
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