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competitors,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Eduardo G.P.|last2=Wu|first2=Xiaoqing|last3=Wang|first3=Lei|last4=Chen|first4=Li|last5=Lu|first5=Yong-Yue|last6=Xu|first6=Yijuan|date=February 2019|title=Queen venom isosolenopsin A delivers rapid incapacitation of fire ant competitors|journal=Toxicon|volume=158|pages=77–83|doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.428|pmid=30529381|s2cid=54481057}}</ref> in the absence of workers for defense. Fire ant queens may live up to seven years and can produce up to 1,600 eggs per day, and colonies will have as many as 250,000 workers.<ref name=Minnesota/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Vinson|first1=S.B.|last2=Sorenson|first2=A.A.|title=Imported Fire Ants: Life
History and Impact|date=1986|publisher=The Texas Department of Agriculture|location=Austin, Texas}}</ref> The estimated potential life span is around 5 years and 10 months to 6 years and 9 months.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tschinkel|first1=Walter R.|title=Fire Ant Queen Longevity and Age: Estimation by Sperm Depletion|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|date=1987|volume=80|issue=2|pages=263–266|url=http://bio.fsu.edu/~tschink/publications/1987-2.pdf|access-date=30 December 2014|doi=10.1093/aesa/80.2.263}}</ref> Young, virgin fire ant queens have wings (as do male fire ants), but they often cut them off after mating.
319:
competitors,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Eduardo G.P.|last2=Wu|first2=Xiaoqing|last3=Wang|first3=Lei|last4=Chen|first4=Li|last5=Lu|first5=Yong-Yue|last6=Xu|first6=Yijuan|date=February 2019|title=Queen venom isosolenopsin A delivers rapid incapacitation of fire ant competitors|journal=Toxicon|volume=158|pages=77–83|doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.428|pmid=30529381|s2cid=54481057}}</ref> in the absence of workers for defense. Fire ant queens may live up to seven years and can produce up to 1,600 eggs per day, and colonies will have as many as 250,000 workers.<ref name=Minnesota/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Vinson|first1=S.B.|last2=Sorenson|first2=A.A.|title=Imported Fire Ants: Life
History and Impact|date=1986|publisher=The Texas Department of Agriculture|location=Austin, Texas}}</ref> The estimated potential life span is around 5 years and 10 months to 6 years and 9 months.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tschinkel|first1=Walter R.|title=Fire Ant Queen Longevity and Age: Estimation by Sperm Depletion|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|date=1987|volume=80|issue=2|pages=263–266|url=http://bio.fsu.edu/~tschink/publications/1987-2.pdf|access-date=30 December 2014|doi=10.1093/aesa/80.2.263}}</ref> Young, virgin fire ant queens have wings (as do male fire ants), but they often cut them off after mating.
980:
732:
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1305:, a carnivorous plant, is native only to North and South Carolina in the United States. About 33% of the prey of the Venus flytrap are ants of various species. They lure their prey with a sweet sap. Once the prey has entered the trap and within about three seconds of touching two or three "trigger hairs" on the surface of the trap, the leaf closes around the prey and digests it. The majority of ants that are captured include non-native RIFAs, and three other species of ants. Other carnivorous plants, such as sundews (
897:-shaped mounds are constructed, but these are usually only found in open spaces, such as fields, parks, and lawns. These mounds can reach heights of 40 cm (16 in), but can be even higher on heavier soils, standing at 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in) in height and 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter. Colonies are founded by small groups of queens or single queens. Even if only one queen survives, within a month or so, the colony can expand to thousands of individuals. Some colonies may be
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the absence of workers for defense. Fire ant queens may live up to seven years and can produce up to 1,600 eggs per day, and colonies will have as many as 250,000 workers. The estimated potential life span is around 5 years and 10 months to 6 years and 9 months. Young, virgin fire ant queens have wings (as do male fire ants), but they often cut them off after mating. Occasionally, a queen will keep its wings after mating and through her first year.
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755:. Fire ants of those species invasive in the United States can be distinguished from other ants locally present by their copper brown head and thorax with a darker abdomen. The worker ants are blackish to reddish and their size varies from 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in). In an established nest these different sizes of ants are all present at the same time.
1171:. Antihistamines or topical corticosteroids may help reduce the itching and will generally benefit local sting reactions. Oral medicine include antihistamines. Severe allergic reactions to fire ant stings, including severe chest pain, nausea, severe sweating, loss of breath, serious swelling, and slurred speech, can be fatal if not treated.
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The other roles in an ant colony are usually undertaken by workers. Fire ant workers are haphazardly divided into different size classes, namely minima, minor, media, and major workers. The major ants are known for their larger size and more powerful mandibles typically used in macerating and storing
912:
in 2017, clumps of fire ants, known as rafts, were seen clumped together on the surface of the water. Each clump had as many as 100,000 individual ants, which formed a temporary structure until finding a new permanent home. Ants clumped in this way will recognize different fluid flow conditions and
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within 24–36 hours which can become infected if scratched, but will spontaneously flatten within a few days if left alone. The pustules are obtrusive and uncomfortable while active and, if they become infected, may cause scarring. Some people may become allergic to the venom, and if untreated, may
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Fire ant queens, the reproductive females in their colony, also are generally the largest. Their primary function is reproduction. Typically, a fire ant queen will seek to establish a new colony following a nuptial flight, wherein it will use its special venom to paralyze offending competitors, in
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Since
September 2004, Taiwan has been seriously affected by the red fire ant. The US, Taiwan and Australia all have ongoing national programs to control or eradicate the species, but with the exception of those in Australia, none have been especially effective. In Australia, there is an intensive
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loss. Over 40 million people live in RIFA-infested areas in the southeastern United States. It is estimated that 30–60% of the people living in fire ant-infested areas of the US are stung each year. RIFA are currently found mainly in subtropical southeastern USA states including
Florida, Georgia,
838:
These ants are renowned for their ability to survive extreme conditions. They do not hibernate, but can survive cold conditions, although this is costly to fire ant populations as observed during several winters in
Tennessee, where 80 to 90% of colonies died due to several consecutive days of
2717:
dos Santos Pinto, José R. A.; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Saidemberg, Daniel M.; Santos, Lucilene D.; da Silva
Menegasso, Anally R.; Costa-Manso, Eliúde; Machado, Ednildo A.; Bueno, Odair C.; Palma, Mario S. (2012-09-07). "Proteomic View of the Venom from the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta Buren".
334:
Fire ant queens, the reproductive females in their colony, also are generally the largest. Their primary function is reproduction. Typically, a fire ant queen will seek to establish a new colony following a nuptial flight, wherein it will use its special venom to paralyze offending
318:
Fire ant queens, the reproductive females in their colony, also are generally the largest. Their primary function is reproduction. Typically, a fire ant queen will seek to establish a new colony following a nuptial flight, wherein it will use its special venom to paralyze offending
1318:
Key natural enemies of fire ants also include other ant species which will attack prospective queens during the nest founding period, when there is an absence of workers to defend the emergent colony. Frequent competitors of fire ant founding queens include other
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estimates that more than US$ 5 billion is spent annually on medical treatment, damage, and control in RIFA-infested areas. Furthermore, the ants cause approximately $ 750 million in damage annually to agricultural assets, including
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Greenberg, Les; Kabashima, John N.; Allison, Clinton J.; Rust, Michael K.; Klotz, John H.; Hurvois, Jean-Pierre; Paine, Timothy D. (2008-11-01). "Lethality of Red
Imported Fire Ant Venom to Argentine Ants and Other Ant Species".
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The latter is commercially available for the biological control (as an alternative to conventional pesticides) of various pest insects, and a new proposed technology has increased its shelf life and efficiency against fire ants.
825:(hence the name), and the after-effects of the sting can be deadly to sensitive people. Fire ants are more aggressive than most native species, so have pushed many species away from their local habitat. One such species that
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produces large mounds in open areas, and feeds mostly on young plants, insects and seeds. Fire ants often attack small animals such as small lizards and can kill them. Unlike many other ants, which bite and then spray
2539:
1593:
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Pitts, James P.; Camacho, Gabriela P.; Gotzek, Dietrich; Mchugh, Joseph V.; Ross, Kenneth G. (April 2018). "Revision of the Fire Ants of the
Solenopsis saevissima Species-Group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
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Male fire ants mate with queens during a nuptial flight. After a male has successfully inseminated a queen, he will not get accepted back to the mother colony, and will eventually die outside the nest.
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food items (i.e. as repletes), while smaller workers take care of regular tasks (the main tasks in a colony are caring for the eggs/larvae/pupae, cleaning the nest, and foraging for food). However,
1117:. The sting site typically swells into a bump within hours, which can cause further pain and irritation, especially following several stings at the same place. The bump may develop into a white
15:
2799:
Diaz, Bruno L.; Machado, Ednildo A.; Atella, Georgia C.; Araujo, Maria F. C.; Araujo, Almair
Ferreira de; Poublan, Luiz E.; Gama, Diogo; Monteiro, Ana Paula; Fox, Eduardo G. P. (2018-09-26).
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860:, the larvae secrete a fluid that is high in sugar content. Fire ants bring the larvae back to the nest, and protect them through the pupal stage in exchange for feeding on the fluid. In
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Qiu, Hua-Long; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Qin, Chang-Sheng; Zhao, Dan-Yang; Yang, Hua; Xu, Jin-Zhu (2019-07-01). "Microcapsuled entomopathogenic fungus against fire ants, Solenopsis invicta".
2146:
Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves
Paterson; Pianaro, Adriana; Solis, Daniel Russ; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Vairo, Bruno Cunha; Machado, Ednildo de Alcântara; Bueno, Odair Correa (2012).
2023:
Fox, Eduardo G.P.; Wu, Xiaoqing; Wang, Lei; Chen, Li; Lu, Yong-Yue; Xu, Yijuan (February 2019). "Queen venom isosolenopsin A delivers rapid incapacitation of fire ant competitors".
3228:
Siebeneicher, Stacy R.; Bradleigh^Vinson, S.; Kenerley, Charles M. (1992-05-01). "Infection of the red imported fire ant by Beauveria bassiana through various routes of exposure".
2239:
Ascunce, M. S.; Yang, C.-C.; Oakey, J.; Calcaterra, L.; Wu, W.-J.; Shih, C.-J.; Goudet, J.; Ross, K. G.; Shoemaker, D. (24 February 2011). "Global Invasion History of the Fire Ant
1736:
Roberts, R. B.; Dodson, Calaway H. (1967). "Nesting biology of two communal bees, Euglossa imperialis and Euglossa ignita (Hymenoptera: Apidae), including description of larvae".
2148:"Intraspecific and Intracolonial Variation in the Profile of Venom Alkaloids and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the Fire Ant Solenopsis saevissima Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
1806:
Horvitz, Carol C.; Turnbull, Christine; Harvey, Donald J. (1987-07-01). "Biology of Immature Eurybia elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a Myrmecophilous Metalmark Butterfly".
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contains over 200 species. Not all species included in the genus are known as fire ants, but most are small slow-moving ants which are unable to sting, called
1234:
1014:. The RIFA was believed to have been accidentally introduced to these countries via shipping crates, particularly with Australia when they were first found in
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1642:
1130:. It has been demonstrated that, whilst pustule formation results from the injected venom alkaloids, allergy to fire ant stings is caused solely by venom
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South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and California.
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in parts of the United States to adapt to the ant's presence; they now have longer legs and new behaviors that aid them in escaping from the danger.
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Javors, M.A.; Zhou, W.; Maas, J.W.; Han, S.; Keenan, R.W. (1993-01-01). "Effects of fire ant venom alkaloids on platelet and neutrophil function".
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following fire ant stings, which requires emergency treatment. Management of an emergency visit due to anaphylaxis is recommended with the use of
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271:
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2203:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America, a Potential Candidate for the Biological Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant in the United States"
1962:
866:, fire ants were observed to frequently construct soil shelters over later instars of larvae on inflorescences on which the larvae are found.
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is the most famous species in this genus, especially in the US, however several other species are similarly dangerous and invasive, such as
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that dissolves the membrane attaching the ant's head to its body. The fly pupates in the detached head capsule, emerging two weeks later.
2392:
3686:
1085:, which has invaded most of the tropical countries, wreaking havoc in medical systems especially in unprepared countries and islands.
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1113:) mixed with a small amount of toxic proteins. Fire ant stings are painful, characterised by a local burning sensation, followed by
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769:, and antennae with 10 segments plus a two-segmented club. Many ants bite, and formicine ants can cause irritation by spraying
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program costing A$ 175 million, although the fire ant has remained despite efforts. By July 2013, multiple sites west of
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include "fire ants" because of their similar coloration and painful bites; the two genera, however, are not closely related.
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3017:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 22 October 2008
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Fire ants dig tunnels efficiently using about 30% of the population of the colony, thereby avoiding congestion in tunnels.
668:. Many of the names shared by this genus are often used interchangeably to refer to other species of ant, such as the term
225:
140:
132:
3263:
Angelone, Steven; Bidochka, Michael J. (2018-07-01). "Diversity and abundance of entomopathogenic fungi at ant colonies".
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86:
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1641:
Yi, GB; McClendon, D; Desaiah, D; Goddard, J; Lister, A; Moffitt, J; Meer, RK; deShazo, R; Lee, KS; Rockhold, RW (2002).
1486:
144:
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2625:"Spread of stinging ants to oceanic islands, and the need to raise awareness of prevention and treatment of ant stings"
835:, a nonsocial orchid bee species, from which the ants enter the cells from below the nest and rob the cell's contents.
125:
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45:
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which are larger, and will viciously sting in swarms whenever disturbed. Some of the most studied species include:
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1268:, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. After about two weeks, they cause the ant's head to fall off by releasing an
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for the first time. They were believed to be in the Philippines, but they are most likely to be misidentified for
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1680:
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1643:"Fire ant venom alkaloid, isosolenopsin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase"
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3109:"The Large Decapitating Fly (Diptera: Phoridae): Successfully Established on Fire Ant Populations in Alabama"
491:
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Porter, Sanford D.; Graham, L. C. “Fudd”; Johnson, Seth J.; Thead, Larry G.; Briano, Juan A. (June 2011).
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2540:"Queensland launched a war against the fire ant invasion, but 12 years later, they're still on the march"
2330:
2197:
Briano, Juan A.; Calcaterra, Luis A.; Wojcik, D.P.; Williams, D.F.; Banks, W.A.; Patterson, R.S. (1997).
1596:. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Queensland Government). 30 July 2013. Archived from
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1988:
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of varying efficacy, including immediate application of a solution of half bleach and half water, or
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on the wound, fire ants bite only to get a grip and then sting (from the abdomen) and inject a toxic
390:
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First aid for fire ant stings includes external treatments and oral medicines. There are also many
3145:"Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin's 'Most Wonderful plants in the world'"
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deShazo RD, Butcher BT, Banks WA (1990). "Reactions to the stings of the imported fire ant".
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672:, mostly because of their similar coloration despite not being in the genus Solenopsis. Both
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shoulders. Usually, the nest will not be visible, as it will be built under objects such as
821:. For humans, this is a painful sting, a sensation similar to what one feels when burned by
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1897:"Evidence of polygynous red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South Carolina"
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species and they have been introduced throughout the southern United States, starting with
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8:
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is another unrelated ant commonly called the "little fire ant" due to its potent sting.
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Hoffmann, Benjamin D; Ducarme, Frédéric; Bradford, DanaKai; Martinez, Santiago (2023).
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2566:"Mayors warn fire ants are dominating in south east Queensland as infestations double"
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1935:
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Kintz-Early, Janet; Parris, Leslie; Zettler, Jennifer; Bast, Josh (September 2003).
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Prahlow, JA; Barnard, JJ (June 1998). "Fatal anaphylaxis due to fire ant stings".
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1708:"Medical Problems and Treatment Considerations for the Red Imported Fire Ant"
1622:. University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. 25 April 2014
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creams that also include medically tested and verified treatments. External,
1138:
1067:. According to a study published in 2009, it took only seventy years for the
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Although most fire ant species do not bother people and are not invasive,
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2481:
Technical Report. Pharaoh ants and fire ants. p. 175. Archived from
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1123:
998:(or RIFA), is an invasive pest in many areas of the world, including the
818:
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411:
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1222:, are a large family of small, hump-backed flies somewhat smaller than
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colonies contain no workers, as they are considered social parasites.
339:, a queen will keep its wings after mating and through her first year.
166:
to revision 1222568170 by CycloneYoris: Only one species is mentioned.
3652:
3595:
1963:"Fire ant rafts form because of the Cheerios effect, study concludes"
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adapt their behavior accordingly to preserve the raft's stability.
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a queen will keep its wings after mating and through her first year.
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are common examples of non-Solenopsis ants being termed red ants.
2083:"Fire Ant Queen Longevity and Age: Estimation by Sperm Depletion"
1307:
1295:
1197:
1150:
1118:
1097:
A human leg three days after brief contact with a fire ant colony
886:
774:
773:; myrmecine ants like fire ants have a dedicated venom-injecting
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species; for example the colloquial names for several species of
653:
466:
441:
893:, logs, rocks, or bricks. If no cover for nesting is available,
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2866:"A case of the first documented fire ant anaphylaxis in Canada"
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1269:
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1064:
1019:
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A fire ant worker, queen, and male (clockwise from bottom left)
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The bodies of mature fire ants, like the bodies of all typical
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1872:. University of Minnesota (IPM World Textbook). Archived from
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1093:
30:
29:
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larvae migrates to the head, then develops by feeding on the
1260:
reproduce by laying eggs in the thorax of the ant. The first
1256:, or ant-decapitating flies, have been described. Members of
1007:
909:
810:
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640:
2964:(3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier. pp. 584–585.
2122:
1894:
1101:
The venom of fire ants is mainly (>95%) composed of oily
2801:"The allergic response mediated by fire ant venom proteins"
1914:
10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0381:EOPRIF]2.0.CO;2
1122:
become increasingly sensitive to the point of experiencing
1043:
894:
882:
878:
870:
822:
803:
2393:"Reds Under Your Feet (interview with Robert Vander Meer)"
2238:
1379:. "True" fire ants are but a group of about 20 species of
751:, and the abdomen, with three pairs of legs and a pair of
2123:"Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project"
1717:(Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project)
1640:
723:
636:
553:
3415:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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3038:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
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flies appear to be important ecological constraints on
904:
Fire ants are resilient and can survive floods. During
829:
ants parasitically take advantage of are bees, such as
3360:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
2416:
Solley, GO; Vanderwoude, C; Knight, GK (3 June 2002).
2145:
1936:"Floating fire ants form rafts in Houston floodwaters"
68:
2070:. Austin, Texas: The Texas Department of Agriculture.
1805:
1326:
species, and some invasive pest species, such as the
761:
spp. ants can be identified by three body features—a
2296:"Red fire ants will make thongs a thing of the past"
1543:"Species: Pogonomyrmex barbatus - Red Harvester Ant"
1145:
gel – the latter of which is also often included in
2958:Talcott, Patricia A.; Peterson, Michael E. (2013).
2760:
1762:
1018:in 2001. These ants have now since been spotted in
1767:
1620:"Red Imported Fire Ant - UC Statewide IPM Program"
2914:
747:, are divided into three sections: the head, the
3755:
3262:
2564:McCarthy, John; Williams, Brian (25 July 2013).
2563:
2418:"Anaphylaxis due to Red Imported Fire Ant sting"
2957:
2358:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) beyond North America"
1701:
1699:
1697:
1341:are also natural enemies of fire ants, such as
1088:
931:winged reproductive females, queens and workers
3187:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
3142:
3035:
2090:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
2065:
1808:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1738:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1298:, where the ants first entered North America.
777:, which injects an alkaloid venom, as well as
3313:
2995:. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology
2022:
1735:
1545:. Wildcat Bluff Nature Center. Archived from
973:Further information on invasive species:
2323:"'Aggressive' red ants found at Sydney port"
1863:
1861:
1859:
1694:
1571:. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)
1294:counties in Texas, as well as south central
919:
687:None of these names apply to all species of
238:
2863:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2472:"Public health significance of Urban Pests"
2068:Imported Fire Ants: Life History and Impact
3138:
3136:
1989:"The Secret to Ant Efficiency Is Idleness"
1201:with its sticky leaves that trap many ants
477:
381:"Red ant" redirects here. For the species
27:
3160:
3124:
3078:
2891:
2881:
2870:Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
2840:
2640:
2375:
2173:
2163:
2080:
1961:Ouellette, Jennifer (16 September 2022).
1960:
1912:
1856:
1658:
2675:Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson (2014),
2609:
2390:
2351:
1588:
1586:
1503:
1501:
1204:
1190:
1178:
1092:
978:
923:
788:
730:
722:
249:Copy edit ▸ Grammar ▸ Sentence fragment.
28:
3133:
3079:Ehrenberg, Rachel (18 September 2009).
3756:
2864:Lee, Jason; Betschel, Stephen (2013).
2683:, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1–16,
2589:
2537:
2293:
1986:
1507:
846:relationships with several species of
3469:
3468:
3072:
2794:
2792:
2670:
2668:
2066:Vinson, S.B.; Sorenson, A.A. (1986).
2018:
2016:
1839:
1837:
1801:
1799:
1778:of Harvard University Press. p.
1705:
1583:
1498:
3741:025049B0-84D2-BF68-E37A-D8F48DF9FF04
3728:c5285299-5acd-49ce-9893-73e690bc4053
3627:c9137670-afb2-4956-86be-a84ed239ca13
1843:
1706:Drees, Bastiaan M. (December 2002).
1214:, phorid fly parasitoid of fire ants
994:, known in the United States as the
94:
60:
3081:"Venom attracts decapitating flies"
2674:
2592:"Lizards' Dance Avoids Deadly Ants"
2294:Murphy, Damien (13 December 2014).
1867:
1647:International Journal of Toxicology
1487:Red imported fire ants in Australia
968:
901:(having multiple queens per nest).
648:, which includes over 200 species.
270:
253:
237:
206:
189:
182:
169:
160:
113:
101:
13:
3397:
2789:
2665:
2590:Bryner, Jeanna (26 January 2009).
2469:
2434:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04548.x
2391:McDonald, Maggie (February 2006).
2013:
1834:
1796:
1153:treatments include the anesthetic
983:Sign for the Fire Ant Festival in
873:, often near moist areas, such as
842:Fire ants have been known to form
376:
49:
3780:
3430:
3265:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
3230:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
3143:Ellison, DM; Gotelli, NJ (2009).
2377:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.50-55
1540:
944:
374:Revision as of 19:25, 8 June 2024
192:Revision as of 19:25, 8 June 2024
104:Revision as of 09:21, 1 June 2024
3450:
3436:
3328:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.03.018
3050:10.1097/00000433-199806000-00007
2538:Condon, Matthew (27 July 2013).
2422:The Medical Journal of Australia
2199:"Abundance of the Parasitic Ant
1250:. Some 110 species of the genus
490:
409:
3350:
3307:
3256:
3221:
3177:
3100:
3029:
3007:
2985:
2951:
2908:
2857:
2763:New England Journal of Medicine
2754:
2710:
2583:
2557:
2531:
2500:
2463:
2409:
2384:
2345:
2315:
2287:
2232:
2190:
2152:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
2139:
2115:
2074:
2059:
1980:
1954:
1928:
1888:
817:, a compound from the class of
3149:Journal of Experimental Botany
2689:10.1007/978-94-007-6649-5_38-1
2629:Emergency Medicine Australasia
1756:
1729:
1634:
1612:
1561:
1534:
1226:; two species in this family (
1055:were confirmed, including the
1:
2681:Venom Genomics and Proteomics
2470:Oi, David H. (25 June 2008).
2081:Tschinkel, Walter R. (1987).
2037:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.428
1492:
718:
372:
330:
314:
3242:10.1016/0022-2011(92)90133-O
3199:10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1162
2929:10.1016/0024-3205(93)90546-F
2720:Journal of Proteome Research
1987:Gorman, James (2018-08-16).
1174:
1089:Sting symptoms and treatment
839:extremely low temperatures.
624:
18:Browse history interactively
7:
3372:10.4289/0013-8797.120.2.308
2775:10.1056/NEJM199008163230707
2677:"Venom Toxins of Fire Ants"
2352:Wetterer, James K. (2013).
2331:Australian Associated Press
1460:
784:
765:with two nodes, an unarmed
660:reflect this, for example,
162:Reverted 1 pending edit by
10:
3785:
3764:Insects of Central America
2825:10.1038/s41598-018-32327-z
1472:Ants of medical importance
1367:List of Solenopsis species
1364:
1360:
1105:structurally derived from
972:
953:
380:
244:
242:
3477:
3277:10.1016/j.jip.2018.07.009
2479:World Health Organization
1594:"Fire ant identification"
920:Queens, males and workers
623:
616:
605:
598:
487:Scientific classification
485:
476:
400:
391:Fire ant (disambiguation)
281:
278:
188:
145:Pending changes reviewers
100:
2207:Environmental Entomology
1715:Texas A&M University
1569:"Wasmannia auropunctata"
935:
656:ants, and most of their
226:Extended confirmed users
133:Extended confirmed users
3015:"Insects and Scorpions"
2961:Small animal toxicology
2642:10.1111/1742-6723.14165
2265:10.1126/science.1198734
1430:Solenopsis solenopsidis
1311:) and various kinds of
1246:in its native range in
635:are several species of
99:
2883:10.1186/1710-1492-9-25
1750:10.1093/aesa/60.5.1007
1660:10.1080/10915810305090
1350:Metarhizium anisopliae
1339:entomopathogenic fungi
1215:
1202:
1188:
1098:
987:
932:
869:Fire ants nest in the
794:
740:
728:
712:Wasmannia auropunctata
407:Early Oligocene–Recent
389:. For other uses, see
2508:"Service Unavailable"
2301:Sydney Morning Herald
2102:10.1093/aesa/80.2.263
1942:. London. August 2017
1820:10.1093/aesa/80.4.513
1420:Solenopsis silvestrii
1410:Solenopsis saevissima
1315:also trap many ants.
1244:red imported fire ant
1229:Pseudacteon tricuspis
1208:
1194:
1182:
1096:
996:red imported fire ant
982:
975:Red imported fire ant
927:
792:
734:
726:
681:Pogonomyrmex barbatus
383:Pogonomyrmex barbatus
3622:Fauna Europaea (new)
3447:at Wikimedia Commons
3126:10.1653/024.094.0213
3113:Florida Entomologist
2219:10.1093/ee/26.5.1143
2201:Solenopsis daguerrei
1901:Florida Entomologist
1870:"Imported Fire Ants"
1868:Lockley, Timothy C.
1850:Animal Diversity Web
1844:Watt, Loren (2001).
1235:Pseudacteon curvatus
1211:Pseudacteon curvatus
962:Solenopsis daguerrei
735:Detail of the head (
367:===Males (drones)===
360:===Males (drones)===
2817:2018NatSR...814427Z
2488:on 22 February 2017
2257:2011Sci...331.1066A
2251:(6020): 1066–1068.
2165:10.1155/2012/398061
1876:on 30 December 2014
1764:Walter R. Tschinkel
1600:on 18 February 2014
1450:Solenopsis geminata
1400:Solenopsis richteri
1082:Solenopsis geminata
1024:Solenopsis geminata
832:Euglossa imperialis
737:Solenopsis geminata
607:Solenopsis geminata
3316:Biological Control
3162:10.1093/jxb/ern179
2805:Scientific Reports
2356:Solenopsis invicta
2354:"Exotic spread of
2241:Solenopsis invicta
1993:The New York Times
1454:(Fabricius, 1804)
1390:Solenopsis invicta
1344:Beauveria bassiana
1216:
1203:
1189:
1099:
1076:Solenopsis invicta
992:Solenopsis invicta
988:
933:
795:
741:
729:
666:tropical fire ants
204:
141:New page reviewers
111:
3751:
3750:
3509:Solenopsis (ICZN)
3471:Taxon identifiers
3441:Media related to
3422:978-3-540-52092-4
2923:(14): 1105–1112.
2732:10.1021/pr300451g
2333:. 8 December 2014
1846:"Lycaena rubidus"
1789:978-0-674-02207-2
1455:
1445:
1440:Solenopsis xyloni
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1218:Phorid flies, or
1042:loss, as well as
630:
629:
594:
387:Red harvester ant
378:Genus of red ants
371:
190:
102:
82:
39:
3776:
3769:Solenopsis (ant)
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3707:
3705:NHMSYS0000876672
3695:
3694:
3682:
3681:
3669:
3668:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3466:
3465:
3455:Data related to
3454:
3440:
3426:
3409:Edward O. Wilson
3392:
3391:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3193:(6): 1162–1168.
3181:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2993:"Fire Ant Bites"
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2726:(9): 4643–4653.
2714:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2644:
2620:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2570:The Courier Mail
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2544:The Courier Mail
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2513:. Archived from
2512:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2349:
2343:
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2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2213:(5): 1143–1148.
2194:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:fireant.tamu.edu
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2087:
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2057:
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2020:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
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1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
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1932:
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1916:
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1865:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1773:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1744:(5): 1007–1014.
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1679:. Archived from
1662:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1581:
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1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1505:
1453:
1443:
1434:(Kusnezov, 1953)
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1330:, and the black
1147:over-the-counter
985:Ashburn, Georgia
969:Invasive species
906:Hurricane Harvey
881:shores, watered
854:butterflies. In
589:
495:
494:
481:
471:
408:
404:Temporal range:
398:
397:
268:
267:
266:Android app edit
264:
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32:
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3492:
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3433:
3423:
3405:Bert Hölldobler
3400:
3398:Further reading
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2014:
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1552:
1550:
1549:on 2 April 2015
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1463:
1458:
1369:
1363:
1328:tawny crazy ant
1177:
1162:diphenhydramine
1109:(also known as
1091:
1029:In the US, the
977:
971:
956:
947:
938:
922:
857:Lycaena rubidus
797:A typical fire
787:
721:
612:
611:Fabricius, 1804
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3609:Fauna Europaea
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3483:
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3462:
3461:at Wikispecies
3448:
3432:
3431:External links
3429:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3366:(2): 308–411.
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3236:(3): 280–285.
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3119:(2): 208–213.
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3028:
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2971:978-1455707171
2970:
2950:
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2709:
2697:
2664:
2635:(4): 560–563.
2608:
2582:
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2408:
2383:
2344:
2327:The Australian
2314:
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2114:
2096:(2): 263–266.
2073:
2058:
2012:
1979:
1953:
1927:
1907:(3): 381–382.
1887:
1855:
1833:
1814:(4): 513–519.
1795:
1788:
1755:
1728:
1693:
1633:
1611:
1582:
1560:
1541:Reins, Dusty.
1533:
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1396:
1385:
1365:Main article:
1362:
1359:
1313:pitcher plants
1176:
1173:
1169:hydrocortisone
1166:corticosteroid
1090:
1087:
1057:Lockyer Valley
970:
967:
955:
952:
946:
945:Males (drones)
943:
937:
934:
921:
918:
863:Eurybia elvina
786:
783:
745:mature insects
727:Fire ant mound
720:
717:
707:Southeast Asia
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581:
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115:
84:
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58:
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23:
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14:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3781:
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3103:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3044:(2): 137–42.
3043:
3039:
3032:
3016:
3010:
2994:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2954:
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2917:Life Sciences
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2698:9789400766495
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2615:
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2597:
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2571:
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2560:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2520:on 2017-02-24
2516:
2509:
2503:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:(11): 521–3.
2427:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2398:New Scientist
2394:
2387:
2378:
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2019:
2017:
2002:
1998:
1994:
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1983:
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1941:
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1802:
1800:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:Belknap Press
1774:. Cambridge:
1772:
1771:
1770:The Fire Ants
1765:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:on 2021-04-27
1682:
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1414:(Smith, 1855)
1412:
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1303:Venus flytrap
1299:
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1285:
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1277:
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1271:
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1263:
1259:
1255:
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1249:
1248:South America
1245:
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1237:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:vinegar flies
1221:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1195:A species of
1193:
1187:
1186:
1185:Venus flytrap
1181:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:antihistamine
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:home remedies
1135:
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1125:
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1000:United States
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942:
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926:
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914:
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836:
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809:
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791:
782:
780:
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772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
754:
750:
746:
738:
733:
725:
716:
714:
713:
708:
704:
703:
699:in the genus
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
682:
677:
676:
675:Myrmica rubra
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
642:
638:
634:
626:
622:
619:
615:
608:
604:
601:
597:
592:
587:
586:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:Solenopsidini
572:
569:
568:
565:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
549:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
535:
532:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
505:
502:
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493:
488:
484:
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468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
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438:
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428:
423:
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388:
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365:
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316:
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288:
286:
285:
277:
273:
257:
246:
227:
220:
216:
211:
202:
197:
193:
185:
178:
177:Manual revert
173:
165:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
127:
123:
118:
109:
105:
87:
72:
65:
55:Content added
47:
44:
36:
34:
33:
20:
3478:
3457:
3443:
3412:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3155:(1): 19–42.
3152:
3148:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:Science News
3084:
3074:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2960:
2953:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2811:(1): 14427.
2808:
2804:
2769:(7): 462–6.
2766:
2762:
2756:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2702:, retrieved
2680:
2632:
2628:
2599:. Retrieved
2596:Live Science
2595:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2569:
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2515:the original
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2425:
2421:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2386:
2367:
2363:Sociobiology
2361:
2355:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2326:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2299:
2289:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2210:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2093:
2089:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2028:
2024:
2004:. Retrieved
1992:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1967:Ars Technica
1966:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1904:
1900:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:the original
1849:
1811:
1807:
1769:
1758:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1685:. Retrieved
1681:the original
1650:
1646:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1573:. Retrieved
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1514:
1448:
1444:McCook, 1879
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1337:A number of
1336:
1320:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1257:
1251:
1233:
1227:
1217:
1209:
1196:
1183:
1136:
1100:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1049:
1036:veterinarian
1028:
1023:
991:
989:
960:
957:
948:
939:
928:
915:
903:
868:
861:
855:
841:
837:
830:
826:
796:
781:for biting.
758:
757:
742:
736:
710:
700:
692:
691:nor only to
688:
686:
679:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:common names
649:
644:
643:
632:
631:
606:
600:Type species
584:
583:
395:
382:
337:Occasionally
325:occasionally
116:CycloneYoris
3648:iNaturalist
3503:Wikispecies
3322:: 141–149.
3092:30 December
2999:30 December
2977:30 December
2601:30 December
2575:30 December
2549:30 December
2492:30 December
2455:30 December
2405:(2538): 50.
2337:30 December
2307:30 December
2224:30 December
2175:11449/73386
2107:30 December
1920:30 December
1880:30 December
1721:30 December
1653:(2): 81–6.
1626:30 December
1604:30 December
1553:30 December
1482:Bulldog ant
1424:Emery, 1906
1404:Forel, 1909
1394:Buren, 1972
1276:Pseudacteon
1258:Pseudacteon
1253:Pseudacteon
1240:parasitoids
1124:anaphylaxis
1111:solenopsins
875:river banks
844:mutualistic
819:piperidines
771:formic acid
697:weaver ants
662:ginger ants
625:201 species
560:Subfamily:
544:Hymenoptera
309:===Queen===
302:===Queen===
272:Next edit →
260:Mobile edit
149:Rollbackers
137:Page movers
46:Next edit →
3758:Categories
3692:solenopsis
3536:Solenopsis
3523:Solenopsis
3479:Solenopsis
3458:Solenopsis
3444:Solenopsis
2704:2018-12-07
2524:2017-06-20
2132:2019-04-13
2006:2019-01-17
1972:18 October
1687:2018-12-29
1515:Solenopsis
1509:Bolton, B.
1493:References
1477:Bullet ant
1381:Solenopsis
1377:thief ants
1373:Solenopsis
1371:The genus
1321:Solenopsis
1280:Solenopsis
1164:, and the
1155:benzocaine
1134:proteins.
1132:allergenic
1128:adrenaline
1107:piperidine
1038:bills and
929:Solenopsis
899:polygynous
852:Riodinidae
848:Lycaenidae
827:Solenopsis
815:solenopsin
799:ant colony
759:Solenopsis
719:Appearance
702:Oecophylla
693:Solenopsis
689:Solenopsis
650:Solenopsis
645:Solenopsis
585:Solenopsis
564:Myrmicinae
554:Formicidae
524:Arthropoda
3380:0013-8797
3344:132021733
3336:1049-9644
3285:0022-2011
3271:: 73–76.
3250:0022-2011
3207:0013-8746
2937:0024-3205
2876:(1): 25.
2833:2045-2322
2740:1535-3893
2659:255469772
2370:: 53–63.
2184:0033-2615
2031:: 77–83.
2001:0362-4331
1946:30 August
1828:0013-8746
1467:Ant venom
1332:crazy ant
1324:thief ant
1266:hemolymph
1175:Predators
1143:aloe vera
1115:urticaria
1103:alkaloids
1040:livestock
1004:Australia
779:mandibles
767:propodeum
633:Fire ants
618:Diversity
510:Kingdom:
504:Eukaryota
209:GuccizBud
3557:BugGuide
3494:Q1075697
3488:Wikidata
3413:The Ants
3411:(1990).
3388:91162352
3301:51677575
3293:30017951
3215:83922482
3171:19213724
3066:39162329
3021:11 April
2902:23837799
2851:30258210
2748:22881118
2651:36596650
2450:33650493
2442:12064982
2281:28149214
2273:21350177
2158:: 1–10.
2053:54481057
2045:30529381
1766:(2006).
1677:23324548
1669:12745988
1511:(2014).
1461:See also
1220:Phoridae
1053:Brisbane
1016:Brisbane
808:alkaloid
785:Behavior
753:antennae
654:stinging
591:Westwood
550:Family:
520:Phylum:
514:Animalia
500:Domain:
401:Fire ant
321:Although
282:Line 44:
279:Line 44:
219:contribs
126:contribs
70:Wikitext
3666:1290610
3640:9107211
3058:9662108
2945:8396703
2893:3711928
2842:6158280
2813:Bibcode
2783:2197555
2253:Bibcode
2245:Science
2025:Toxicon
1526:20 July
1361:Species
1308:Drosera
1296:Alabama
1242:of the
1198:Drosera
1151:topical
1119:pustule
1069:lizards
1061:Muirlea
954:Workers
887:highway
813:called
763:pedicel
670:red ant
639:in the
580:Genus:
570:Tribe:
540:Order:
534:Insecta
530:Class:
245:→Queen
3725:NZOR:
3679:154237
3601:1SOLEG
3419:
3386:
3378:
3342:
3334:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3248:
3213:
3205:
3169:
3064:
3056:
2968:
2943:
2935:
2900:
2890:
2849:
2839:
2831:
2781:
2746:
2738:
2695:
2657:
2649:
2448:
2440:
2279:
2271:
2182:
2051:
2043:
1999:
1826:
1786:
1675:
1667:
1575:9 July
1521:AntCat
1292:Dallas
1290:, and
1288:Brazos
1284:Travis
1270:enzyme
1262:instar
1238:) are
1157:, the
1065:Goodna
1026:ants.
1020:Sydney
1012:Taiwan
891:timber
885:, and
749:thorax
593:, 1840
385:, see
231:17,438
154:75,771
81:Inline
63:Visual
3736:Plazi
3718:13685
3661:IRMNG
3653:67597
3614:80709
3588:33045
3562:30188
3384:S2CID
3340:S2CID
3297:S2CID
3211:S2CID
3062:S2CID
2655:S2CID
2518:(PDF)
2511:(PDF)
2486:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
2446:S2CID
2277:S2CID
2086:(PDF)
2049:S2CID
1711:(PDF)
1673:S2CID
1008:China
936:Queen
910:Texas
883:lawns
811:venom
775:sting
641:genus
233:edits
156:edits
3713:NCBI
3687:MNHN
3674:ITIS
3635:GBIF
3596:EPPO
3575:7JFX
3549:1969
3544:BOLD
3417:ISBN
3407:and
3376:ISSN
3332:ISSN
3289:PMID
3281:ISSN
3246:ISSN
3203:ISSN
3167:PMID
3094:2014
3054:PMID
3023:2008
3001:2014
2979:2014
2966:ISBN
2941:PMID
2933:ISSN
2898:PMID
2847:PMID
2829:ISSN
2779:PMID
2744:PMID
2736:ISSN
2693:ISBN
2647:PMID
2603:2014
2577:2014
2551:2014
2494:2014
2457:2014
2438:PMID
2339:2014
2309:2014
2269:PMID
2226:2014
2180:ISSN
2156:2012
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