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1980 there were only 28 national newspapers, today there are 122. In 2002, satellite broadcasting brought multi-channel commercial television to homes across South Korea. According to most outside observers, political discourse is unrestricted in South Korea; however, persistent concerns are worth noting. The
National Security Law allows the government to limit the expression of ideas deemed pro-North Korean or communist; broad interpretations of this statute place a chill on peaceful dissent. In addition, in 2003, President Roh Moo-Hyun brought a libel suit against four of the major national newspapers, and the government has stated that editorials are subject to legal action if they are found to contain falsehoods. Outside observers have criticised pressure tactics used by both the South Korean government and the business community to influence reporting.
810:, began publication in May 1988. It was founded by dissident journalists who were purged by the government in the early 1970s or in 1980; many of the paper's reporters and editorial staff left positions on mainstream newspapers to join the new venture. The structure and approach of the paper reflected the founders' view that in the past the South Korean news media had been too easily co-opted by the government. The paper had a human rights department as well as a mass media department to keep an eye on the government's press policy and to critique the ideological and political biases of other newspapers. The paper's nationalism and interest in national reunification were symbolically represented in the logo, which depicted Lake Cheonji at the peak of
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traditional general circulation magazines to provide careful analyses of political, economic, and national security affairs to smaller, specialised audiences. Observers noted a dramatic increase in press coverage of previously taboo subjects such as political- military relations, factions within the military, the role of security agencies in politics, and the activities of dissident organisations. Opinion polls dealing with these and other sensitive issues also began to appear with increasing regularity. Journalists at several of the Seoul dailies organised trade unions in late 1987 and early 1988 and began to press for editorial autonomy and a greater role in newspaper management.
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government agencies, and the presidential staff by the Office of Public
Information Policy within the Ministry of Culture and Information using daily "reporting guidelines" sent to newspaper editors. The guidelines dealt exhaustively with questions of emphasis, topics to be covered or avoided, the use of government press releases, and even the size of headlines. Enforcement methods ranged from telephone calls to editors to more serious forms of intimidation, including interrogations and beatings by police. One former Ministry of Culture and Information official told a National Assembly hearing in 1988 that compliance during his tenure from 1980 to 1982 reached about 70 per cent.
785:. Under the close oversight of its owner, the late Samsung Group founder and multimillionaire Lee Pyong-chol, the paper and its affiliated TBC television network generally supported the Park government during the 1970s. Its relations with the government became strained after 1980, however, when Chun Doo Hwan forced TBC to merge with KBS. A journalists' strike at Joongang Ilbo in 1989, in one of many similar incidents at the major South Korean newspapers, won even greater management and
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1253:" which features contents of regular staff as well as so called 'citizen reporters' who provide new content for very little money. Although there are some problems about citizen reporters' abilities to write an article, unique opinions are shown and new progressive journalism continues to exist. And other internet news services like 'Pressian' or 'Ddanzi Ilbo' exist.
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Seoul dailies. In other innovations, The
Hankyoreh relied on sales revenues, private contributions, and the sale of stock, rather than advertising from major corporations, in line with its claim to be "the first newspaper in the world truly independent of political power and large capital." The newspaper came under increasing government pressures in 1989.
913:', which is the basis for the modern native Korean alphabet. It is constructed in two parts: 'Hunminjeongeum Yeibon'(the body) and 'Hunminjeongeum Haerebon'(explanations). In the introduction King Sejong revealed that the purpose of creating the Hunminjeongeum. In 1997, it was inscripted into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
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technology emerged recently. Although some television stations have begun broadcasting digital signals, it is not yet widespread as in the United States. The
Government of South Korea set December 31, 2012 as the deadline for digital conversion in South Korea. From 2013, South Korea will convert from
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KBS, MBC, EBS are public broadcasters while SBS is a commercial broadcaster (so-called many public broadcasters). It is a unique system; unlike South Korea, almost every county has one public broadcaster and many commercial broadcasters. KBS is funded by public money accrued from a television license
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in provincial cities and withdrawing security officials from newspaper offices." The South Korean media began a rapid expansion. Seoul papers expanded their coverage and resumed the practice of stationing correspondents in provincial cities. Although temporarily still under the management of a former
592:. Independent news agencies were absorbed into a single state-run agency, numerous provincial newspapers were closed, central newspapers were forbidden to station correspondents in provincial cities, the Christian Broadcasting System network was forbidden to provide news coverage, and two independent
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When it comes to
Internet use, South Korea ranked third in the world in 2003. According to statics of the Korean Ministry of Information and Communication, 78.5% of families own a computer, of which 93.6% use the Internet (2005). Many business utilize the Internet in Korea for services such as news,
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South Korea also had extensive and well-developed visual media. The first Korean film was produced in 1919, and cinemas subsequently were built in the larger cities. The result of the spread of television sets and radios was the dissemination of a homogenised popular culture and the impingement of
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What is the grounds of media regulations? Although broadcasters have freedom of expression, broadcasters have to promote public interest because electromagnetic waves are in the public domain. 'Media law' consist of two structures briefly: Business
Regulation, and Content Related Regulation. They
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After decades of state control and heavy censorship, the South Korean press (in print, on television, and online) is experiencing a period of relative freedom. However, the repressive Basic Press Law was repealed in 1987, and since 1990 the television market has expanded significantly. Whereas in
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in North Korea; in the exclusive use of the Korean alphabet; and in the type font in which the paper's name was printed, which dated from a famous Korean publication of the eighteenth century, before the country became divided. The paper was printed horizontally, rather than vertically like other
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By the mid-1980s, censorship of print and broadcast media had become one of the most widely and publicly criticised practices of the Chun government. Even the government-controlled Yonhap News Agency noted in 1989 that "TV companies, scarcely worse than other media, were the main target of bitter
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on the works of North Korean artists and musicians, many of whom were of South Korean origin. A newspaper run by dissident journalists began publication in 1988. A number of other new dailies also appeared in 1988. Many of the new weekly and monthly periodicals bypassed the higher profits of the
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It is the most powerful regulation that decide who will broadcasting business. The grounds of this regulation are largely that: electromagnetic wave is scarce, so all of those who want to operate a broadcasting system cannot do it, and the providers have to set fair to operate a broadcaster(ex,
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The South Korean government also supported Naewoe Press, which dealt solely with North Korean affairs. Originally a propaganda vehicle that followed the government line on unification policy issues, Naewoe Press became increasingly objective and moderate in tone in the mid-1980s in interpreting
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was the legal capstone of Chun's system of media control and provided for censorship and control of newspapers, periodicals, and broadcast media. It also set the professional qualifications for journalists. Media censorship was coordinated with intelligence officials, representatives of various
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financial power, social experiences etc.) Until just recently large companies (above top 30), newspaper, agency couldn't operate a broadcasting system because of the independence of media. (It caused problems in Korea in history.) But recently newly revised media law allows it.
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The first radio broadcasting was JODK by 'Kyungsung
Broadcasting' in 1927. Some people regard HLKA by 'Korean Broadcasting system' in 1947 as the first radio broadcasting in Korea. Since 2003, DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting) or DAR(Digital Audio Radio) services have been used.
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provided domestic and foreign news to government agencies, newspapers, and broadcasters. Yonhap also provided news on South Korean developments in
English by computerised transmission via the Asia-Pacific News Network. Additional links with world media were facilitated by four
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fee gathered from all South Korea households with a television set. As of 2010, the fee is 2500 won (about 2 USD). Due to low public funds, KBS2 runs commercials. Looking at the ownership of MBC, 70% of it is owned by a government-owned not-for-profit organization (
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Except for two newspapers (one in Korean and one in
English) that the government owned or controlled and the state television network, ownership of the media was for the most part distinct from political or economic power. One exception was the conservative daily,
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and published every 10 days. Hansung Sunbo carried both domestic and foreign news and it had enlightened opinions. The
Independent was the first newspaper written in Korean, and the first private newspaper. Seo Jae-Pil published it in two version: Korean
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There are many radio stations in Korea, but channels are not uniquely distinctive. KBS 1FM, KBS 1AM, TBS (Traffic Broadcasting System) are somewhat distinctive. Other channels are usually broadcast according to people's lifestyle.<ref name="Taek-sup
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There are many radio stations in Korea, but channels are not uniquely distinctive. KBS 1FM, KBS 1AM, TBS (Traffic Broadcasting System) are somewhat distinctive. Other channels are usually broadcast according to people's lifestyle.<ref name="Taek-sup
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867:(a commercial broadcaster). Some 70 percent of South Korean households have broadband Internet access, and the online media marketplace is growing rapidly. Popular news Web sites (such as OhMyNews.com) register as many as 15 million visits per day.
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There are many radio stations in Korea, but channels are not uniquely distinctive. KBS 1FM, KBS 1AM, TBS (Traffic Broadcasting System) are somewhat distinctive. Other channels are usually broadcast according to people's lifestyle.
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KORCAD was the first TV station in South Korea, which launched in 1956. In South Korea, terrestrial television broadcasting is common and popular. As terrestrial broadcasters, there are 5 channels with 4 television stations:
600:. In addition, the Defense Security Command, then commanded by Roh Tae Woo, and the Ministry of Culture and Information ordered hundreds of South Korean journalists fired and banned from newspaper writing or editing. The
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Most of South Korea's major newspapers derived their financial support from advertising and from their affiliation with major publishing houses. The Donga Press, for example, published not only the prestigious daily
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political, social, and economic developments in North Korea. Vantage Point, an English-language publication of Naewoe Press, provided in-depth studies of North Korean social, economic, and political developments.
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and English. The Independent made an effort to enlighten people and denounce absurd Chosun officers. After the 1980s, newspapers received greater freedom, after The Press Forceful Merge became invalid. Nowadays,
1370:'s administration, the trend is changing. Newspaper and large company can hold a 10-percent stake in terrestrial broadcaster, a 30-percent stake in cable broadcaster, a 49-percent stakein IPTV or news channel.
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Today, much of the news in South Korea is delivered through electronic means and the country is at the leading edge of the digital revolution and a trailblazer for high-speed and wireless internet services.
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645:, a commercial network that had been under control of the state-managed KBS since 1980, resumed independent broadcasting. The number of radio broadcast stations grew from 74 in 1985 to 111 (including both
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Cable system operator and program provider can own more than one broadcaster and transmission line. But, they can be restricted by the government with regards to market share and the number of providers.
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to withhold compulsory viewers' fees in protest against censorship by the KBS network received widespread press attention. By the summer of 1986, even the ruling party was responding to public opinion.
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the analogue broadcasting to the digital broadcasting.(This date coincides with the United Kingdom conversion date.) According to DTV Korea, the rate of digital TV sets in use is about 60% (2010).
1110:), and 30% of it belongs to 'Jeong-su Scholarship Foundation'. Also, because KBS2 and MBC run commercials, there are a lot of controversies on the definition of public broadcasting in South Korea.
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Other religious programming broadcasters: PBC(Pyeonghwa Broadcasting Corporation, ννλ°©μ‘), BBS(Buddhism Broadcasting System(BBS), δ½ζζΎι), FEBC(Far East Broadcasting Co., Korea, ζ₯΅ζ±ζΎι), *WBS (μμλ°©μ‘)
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The political liberalization of the late 1980s brought a loosening of press restraints and a new generation of journalists more willing to investigate sensitive subjects, such as the May 1980
15:
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331:*Traffic broadcasters: ](Traffic Broadcasting System). They specialize in traffic. Many other stations also provide hourly traffic condition reports, typically for 3 minutes every 57 minutes.
324:*Traffic broadcasters: ](Traffic Broadcasting System). They specialize in traffic. Many other stations also provide hourly traffic condition reports, typically for 3 minutes every 57 minutes.
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was launched in South Korea in 2000. It shut down in 2014. Users could upload their information, mood, pictures etc. It featured "following" of other people in a similar vein as Facebook.
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On cable broadcasting, one provider can serve system operator, network operator, and program provider but, they can restricted with regard to a market share and the number of providers.
893:, Anthology Teachings of Zen Buddhist Priests) is the world's oldest extant movable metal print book. It was published in 1377 (Goryeo Dynasty), 78 years prior to Johannes Gutenberg's
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801:, a women's magazine, and specialized reference books and magazines for students. Throughout the post-war period, the Donga Ilbo has been noted for its opposition sympathies.
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Published in Late-Chosun, Hansung Sunbo was the first modern newspaper in Korea. It was published in Bakmunkuk which was an official printing office. It was written in
1061:(Traffic Broadcasting System). They specialize in traffic. Many other stations also provide hourly traffic condition reports, typically for 3 minutes every 57 minutes.
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public criticism for their distorted reporting for the government in the early 1980s." Editorials called for abolition of the Basic Press Act and related practices, a
1995:
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It means restriction on the number of broadcasting system that one provider can own. Its purpose is to prevent monopoly or oligopoly on broadcasting. In Summary:
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One provider can own terrestrial broadcaster, satellite broadcaster, and cable broadcaster except a combination of terrestrial broadcaster and cable broadcaster.
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of every description as well as occasional censorship of the media, almost all subsequent South Korean governments have at times attempted to control the media.
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667:, a radio network, again began to broadcast news as well as religious programming in 1987. In the same year, the government partially lifted a long-standing
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mobilisation in the ensuing years ended any resemblance of autonomy for the Korean press; all Korean-language publications were outlawed in 1941.
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that penalised criticism of the government to keep the media in line. In 1974, the government ordered a number of journalists fired and used the
713:, but larger than four more specialised economic dailies. All the major dailies were privately owned, except for the government- controlled
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Joongang Ilbo developed the first internet news website in Asia in 1995. After the start, almost every daily newspaper made their website.
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with Japanese censors. Colonial authorities prohibited sales of individual issues on hundreds of occasions between 1926 and 1932.
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1028:. 'Cho Yeong-Nam & Choi Yu-ra's Radio Golden Age' is the most famous program which provides funny stories and K-pop music.
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In Korea, MBC Radio is the most popular in general because there are several long-running programs. MBC operates 2 channels:
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administrations, the government exercised considerable control and surveillance over the media through the comprehensive
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Lee Mi-Hwa, Study for Hunminjeongeum section in High School Korean Textbook, Yeongnam Graduate School of Education, 2010
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One provider (person or corporation) can only own one business on the Terrestrial broadcaster and satellite broadcaster.
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According to newly enactment of Broadcasting Law and Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Law from President
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are the major newspapers which hold liberal ideals. In South Korea, conservative newspapers are more widely read.
656:) by late 1988 and 125 by late 1989. The number of periodicals rose as the government removed restrictions on the
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797:, but also a variety of other periodicals, including a newspaper for children, the general circulation monthly
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757:. The government's KBS radio network broadcast overseas in twelve languages. Two private radio networks, the
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Yang Mun-Seok, A Critical Study on Privatization A Public Broadcaster, 2010, Korean Broadcasting Commission
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291:*CBS: is the first commercial radio broadcaster in South Korea. It contains programs about Christianity.
284:*CBS: is the first commercial radio broadcaster in South Korea. It contains programs about Christianity.
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CBS: is the first commercial radio broadcaster in South Korea. It contains programs about Christianity.
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753:. The International Broadcast Centre established in June 1988 served some 10,000 broadcasters for the
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Terrestrial broadcasting, Cable Television broadcasting, satellite broadcasting: government permit
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to function while maintaining some behind-the-scenes direction over politically sensitive topics.
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New York Times, PERSONAL BUSINESS: DIARY; Around the World, Gains in Internet Use, Feb 16th, 2003
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to stop its reporting on popular opposition to the Park government by intimidating the paper's
311:*Other religious programming broadcasters: PBC(Pyeonghwa Broadcasting Corporation, ννλ°©μ‘), BBS(
300:*Other religious programming broadcasters: PBC(Pyeonghwa Broadcasting Corporation, ννλ°©μ‘), BBS(
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Professor Shim Jae-woong, Lecture: Introduction to Broadcasting, Sookmyung Women's University
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Broadcasting System(BBS), δ½ζζΎι), FEBC(Far East Broadcasting Co., Korea, ζ₯΅ζ±ζΎι), *WBS (μμλ°©μ‘)
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Broadcasting System(BBS), δ½ζζΎι), FEBC(Far East Broadcasting Co., Korea, ζ₯΅ζ±ζΎι), *WBS (μμλ°©μ‘)
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and businesses. A Chinese-language daily served South Korea's small Chinese population.
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in South Korea. 'me2day' and 'yozm' are some other micro blogs in South Korean media.
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began after the opening of Korea in late 19th century. The Korean press had a strong
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News channel, General service channel, home-shopping channel: government's approval
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In South Korea, like many other countries, newspaper subscribers are decreasing.
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As in other countries, social media has come into the spotlight in South Korea.
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Following the period of 1945 to 1948, which saw a burgeoning of newspapers and
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was unsuccessfully introduced in the National Assembly to the same end, and a
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mean fairness among the broadcasters, and freedom of expression each.
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on numerous occasions between 1948 and 1960. On taking power in 1961,
717:. Several other daily publications had specialised readerships among
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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There also were qualitative changes in the South Korean media. The
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in 1919, the colonial government loosened their overt control over
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Various Internet news networks have emerged. One such website is "
625:. Roh's eight-point declaration of June 29, 1987, provided for "a
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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social media, shopping, banking, games, and educational content.
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to promote its official line. The Park government also used the
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newspapers. Rhee also closed moderate newspapers and arrested
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Almost every big portal site provides a blogging service.
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As standard radio stations, there are KBS, MBC, SBS, EBS.
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are the major newspapers, which have conservative ideals;
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Oh Taek-sup,Media in the Information Society, 2009, Nanam
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During the 1920s, Korean vernacular newspapers, such as
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South Korea's principal anti-establishment newspaper,
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assumed direct control of the press along with other
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Jung Hyung-Gi, Broadcasting of Korea, 2010, Shinsung
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KBS, public broadcasting group operates 7 channels.
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765:, served a wide regional audience that included the
1155:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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885:Baegunhwasang Chorokbuljo Jikjisimcheyojeol
675:In 1989 South Korea's four largest dailies,
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535:Supreme Council for National Reconstruction
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151:repaired link(s) to disambiguation pages (
1622:Learn how and when to remove this message
1215:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1436:"South Korea country profile - overview"
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1409:Korea.pdf South Korea country profile
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356:Revision as of 20:59, 3 December 2015
275:*EBS(Educational Broadcasting System)
268:*EBS(Educational Broadcasting System)
168:Revision as of 20:59, 3 December 2015
1651:http://eng.kcc.go.kr/user/ehpMain.do
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963:are the major business newspapers.
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1385:List of newspapers in South Korea
436:Colonial period (1910–1945)
427:during most of the 20th century.
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859:(run as a public organization),
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90:Revision as of 16:47, 8 May 2015
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1301:The most famous Micro Blog is
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665:Christian Broadcasting System
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1416:Federal Research Division
831:Major newspapers include
759:Asia Broadcasting Company
446:Governor-General of Korea
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214:Pending changes reviewers
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1771:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1327:Restriction market entry
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957:Maeil Business Newspaper
444:was signed in 1910, the
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2032:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1341:Other program: Resister
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751:satellite link stations
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1438:. BBC News. 2012-03-29
1057:Traffic broadcasters:
787:editorial independence
1646:http://www.kba.or.kr/
638:press spokesman, the
586:National Security Act
1946:United Arab Emirates
1666:http://www.sbs.co.kr
1592:improve this article
1149:improve this article
961:Korea Economic Daily
863:(state-funded), and
855:(public broadcast),
487:, conducted running
423:control or outright
1973:limited recognition
1661:http://www.imbc.com
1604:footnote references
1501:. English.kbs.co.kr
1413:Library of Congress
1322:Business regulation
1243:Internet journalism
901:' was published by
755:1988 Seoul Olympics
2096:South Korean media
1374:Content regulation
1114:Digital television
949:Kyunghyang Shinmun
905:, fourth king of '
746:Yonhap News Agency
643:television network
485:Kaebyok (Creation)
457:March 1st Movement
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1941:Turkmenistan
1906:Saudi Arabia
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453:institutions
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363:South Korean
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153:you can help
2070:Asia portal
1971:States with
1891:Philippines
1831:South Korea
1826:North Korea
1721:Afghanistan
1612:August 2012
1313:Regulations
1307:Smartphones
1026:Standard FM
999:KBS Radio 3
995:KBS Radio 1
937:Dong-A Ilbo
933:Chosun Ilbo
875:Print media
833:Chosun Ilbo
735:Korea Times
690:Chosun Ilbo
575:advertisers
571:Dong-a Ilbo
505:periodicals
250:Next edit β
218:Rollbackers
135:Rollbackers
127:File movers
102:Nick Number
32:Next edit β
2085:Categories
1951:Uzbekistan
1926:Tajikistan
1841:Kyrgyzstan
1821:Kazakhstan
1741:Bangladesh
1731:Azerbaijan
1505:2012-08-05
1463:2012-08-05
1442:2012-08-05
1396:References
1232:See also:
1175:newspapers
1070:Television
837:Donga Ilbo
799:Shin Donga
795:Donga Ilbo
696:Donga Ilbo
660:industry.
658:publishing
636:Blue House
627:free press
590:Korean War
545:services,
527:publishers
489:skirmishes
473:Donga Ilbo
465:newspapers
425:censorship
409:journalism
387:newspapers
375:television
349:2009"/>
341:2009"/>
2037:Hong Kong
1991:Palestine
1916:Sri Lanka
1911:Singapore
1791:Indonesia
1596:excessive
1121:New media
917:Newspaper
739:embassies
721:fans and
569:to force
523:reporters
440:When the
421:political
413:reformist
399:Web sites
391:magazines
373:of news:
2060:Category
1981:Abkhazia
1931:Thailand
1886:Pakistan
1866:Mongolia
1861:Maldives
1856:Malaysia
1756:Cambodia
1379:See also
1251:OhmyNews
1228:Internet
1038:Power FM
984:Channels
733:and the
654:stations
547:weeklies
483:such as
481:journals
461:cultural
395:Internet
313:Buddhism
260:Line 72:
257:Line 72:
195:contribs
112:contribs
56:Wikitext
1956:Vietnam
1871:Myanmar
1851:Lebanon
1781:Georgia
1736:Bahrain
1726:Armenia
1590:Please
1582:use of
1303:Twitter
1291:Cyworld
1189:scholar
1085:KBS 2TV
1080:KBS 1TV
1042:Love AM
1007:KBS 2FM
1003:KBS 1FM
563:decrees
519:leftist
431:History
404:Modern
397:-based
302:Buddism
237:ββRadio
223:100,169
155:) - EBS
140:197,353
2001:Taiwan
1936:Turkey
1901:Russia
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1806:Israel
1766:Cyprus
1751:Brunei
1746:Bhutan
1277:, and
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928:Hangul
911:Hangul
903:Sejong
843:, and
725:. Two
693:, and
476:, and
450:public
406:Korean
393:, and
383:cinema
67:Inline
49:Visual
2042:Macau
1961:Yemen
1921:Syria
1896:Qatar
1876:Nepal
1811:Japan
1786:India
1776:Egypt
1761:China
1275:Naver
1265:Blogs
1196:JSTOR
1182:books
974:Radio
923:Hanja
890:Jikji
853:KBS-2
849:KBS-1
771:China
723:youth
719:sport
539:Seoul
379:radio
366:media
225:edits
142:edits
1881:Oman
1846:Laos
1801:Iraq
1796:Iran
1279:Daum
1271:Nate
1168:news
1040:and
1024:and
1022:FM4U
959:and
951:and
880:Book
851:and
761:and
744:The
649:and
611:bill
567:KCIA
543:news
525:and
415:and
360:The
191:talk
177:undo
172:edit
108:talk
94:edit
2013:and
1598:or
1151:by
1100:SBS
1095:EBS
1090:MBC
1059:TBS
1032:SBS
1016:MBC
865:SBS
861:EBS
857:MBC
709:or
669:ban
640:MBC
533:'s
243:AWB
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