Mass media in South Korea: Difference between revisions

818:

1980 there were only 28 national newspapers, today there are 122. In 2002, satellite broadcasting brought multi-channel commercial television to homes across South Korea. According to most outside observers, political discourse is unrestricted in South Korea; however, persistent concerns are worth noting. The National Security Law allows the government to limit the expression of ideas deemed pro-North Korean or communist; broad interpretations of this statute place a chill on peaceful dissent. In addition, in 2003, President Roh Moo-Hyun brought a libel suit against four of the major national newspapers, and the government has stated that editorials are subject to legal action if they are found to contain falsehoods. Outside observers have criticised pressure tactics used by both the South Korean government and the business community to influence reporting.

800:, began publication in May 1988. It was founded by dissident journalists who were purged by the government in the early 1970s or in 1980; many of the paper's reporters and editorial staff left positions on mainstream newspapers to join the new venture. The structure and approach of the paper reflected the founders' view that in the past the South Korean news media had been too easily co-opted by the government. The paper had a human rights department as well as a mass media department to keep an eye on the government's press policy and to critique the ideological and political biases of other newspapers. The paper's nationalism and interest in national reunification were symbolically represented in the logo, which depicted Lake Cheonji at the peak of 662:

traditional general circulation magazines to provide careful analyses of political, economic, and national security affairs to smaller, specialised audiences. Observers noted a dramatic increase in press coverage of previously taboo subjects such as political- military relations, factions within the military, the role of security agencies in politics, and the activities of dissident organisations. Opinion polls dealing with these and other sensitive issues also began to appear with increasing regularity. Journalists at several of the Seoul dailies organised trade unions in late 1987 and early 1988 and began to press for editorial autonomy and a greater role in newspaper management.

595:

government agencies, and the presidential staff by the Office of Public Information Policy within the Ministry of Culture and Information using daily "reporting guidelines" sent to newspaper editors. The guidelines dealt exhaustively with questions of emphasis, topics to be covered or avoided, the use of government press releases, and even the size of headlines. Enforcement methods ranged from telephone calls to editors to more serious forms of intimidation, including interrogations and beatings by police. One former Ministry of Culture and Information official told a National Assembly hearing in 1988 that compliance during his tenure from 1980 to 1982 reached about 70 per cent.

279:] technology emerged recently. Although some television stations have begun broadcasting digital signals, it is not yet widespread as in the United States. The Government of South Korea set December 31, 2012 as the deadline for digital conversion in South Korea. From 2013, South Korea will convert from the analogue broadcasting to the digital broadcasting.(This date coincides with the United Kingdom conversion date.) According to DTV Korea, the rate of digital TV sets in use is about 60% (2010).<ref>{{ 300:] technology emerged recently. Although some television stations have begun broadcasting digital signals, it is not yet widespread as in the United States. The Government of South Korea set December 31, 2012 as the deadline for digital conversion in South Korea. From 2013, South Korea will convert from the analogue broadcasting to the digital broadcasting.(This date coincides with the United Kingdom conversion date.) According to DTV Korea, the rate of digital TV sets in use is about 60% (2010).<ref> 775:. Under the close oversight of its owner, the late Samsung Group founder and multimillionaire Lee Pyong-chol, the paper and its affiliated TBC television network generally supported the Park government during the 1970s. Its relations with the government became strained after 1980, however, when Chun Doo Hwan forced TBC to merge with KBS. A journalists' strike at Joongang Ilbo in 1989, in one of many similar incidents at the major South Korean newspapers, won even greater management and 2049: 2059: 1121: 71: 1566: 1243:" which features contents of regular staff as well as so called 'citizen reporters' who provide new content for very little money. Although there are some problems about citizen reporters' abilities to write an article, unique opinions are shown and new progressive journalism continues to exist. And other internet news services like 'Pressian' or 'Ddanzi Ilbo' exist. 805:

Seoul dailies. In other innovations, The Hankyoreh relied on sales revenues, private contributions, and the sale of stock, rather than advertising from major corporations, in line with its claim to be "the first newspaper in the world truly independent of political power and large capital." The newspaper came under increasing government pressures in 1989.

258:

not-for-profit organization (]), and 30% of it belongs to 'Jeong-su Scholarship Foundation'. Also, because KBS2 and MBC run commercials, there are a lot of controversies on the definition of public broadcasting in South Korea.<ref>Yang Mun-Seok, A Critical Study on Privatization A Public Broadcaster, 2010, Korean Broadcasting Commission</ref>

250:

903:', which is the basis for the modern native Korean alphabet. It is constructed in two parts: 'Hunminjeongeum Yeibon'(the body) and 'Hunminjeongeum Haerebon'(explanations). In the introduction King Sejong revealed that the purpose of creating the Hunminjeongeum. In 1997, it was inscripted into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. 1106:

technology emerged recently. Although some television stations have begun broadcasting digital signals, it is not yet widespread as in the United States. The Government of South Korea set December 31, 2012 as the deadline for digital conversion in South Korea. From 2013, South Korea will convert from

1095:

KBS, MBC, EBS are public broadcasters while SBS is a commercial broadcaster (so-called many public broadcasters). It is a unique system; unlike South Korea, almost every county has one public broadcaster and many commercial broadcasters. KBS is funded by public money accrued from a television license

623:

in provincial cities and withdrawing security officials from newspaper offices." The South Korean media began a rapid expansion. Seoul papers expanded their coverage and resumed the practice of stationing correspondents in provincial cities. Although temporarily still under the management of a former

582:. Independent news agencies were absorbed into a single state-run agency, numerous provincial newspapers were closed, central newspapers were forbidden to station correspondents in provincial cities, the Christian Broadcasting System network was forbidden to provide news coverage, and two independent 1228:

When it comes to Internet use, South Korea ranked third in the world in 2003. According to statics of the Korean Ministry of Information and Communication, 78.5% of families own a computer, of which 93.6% use the Internet (2005). Many business utilize the Internet in Korea for services such as news,

257:

KBS is funded by public money accrued from a television license fee gathered from all South Korea households with a television set. As of 2010, the fee is 2500 won (about 2 USD). Due to low public funds, KBS2 runs commercials. Looking at the ownership of MBC, 70% of it is owned by a government-owned

249:

808:

South Korea also had extensive and well-developed visual media. The first Korean film was produced in 1919, and cinemas subsequently were built in the larger cities. The result of the spread of television sets and radios was the dissemination of a homogenised popular culture and the impingement of

1307:

What is the grounds of media regulations? Although broadcasters have freedom of expression, broadcasters have to promote public interest because electromagnetic waves are in the public domain. 'Media law' consist of two structures briefly: Business Regulation, and Content Related Regulation. They

817:

After decades of state control and heavy censorship, the South Korean press (in print, on television, and online) is experiencing a period of relative freedom. However, the repressive Basic Press Law was repealed in 1987, and since 1990 the television market has expanded significantly. Whereas in

804:

in North Korea; in the exclusive use of the Korean alphabet; and in the type font in which the paper's name was printed, which dated from a famous Korean publication of the eighteenth century, before the country became divided. The paper was printed horizontally, rather than vertically like other

598:

By the mid-1980s, censorship of print and broadcast media had become one of the most widely and publicly criticised practices of the Chun government. Even the government-controlled Yonhap News Agency noted in 1989 that "TV companies, scarcely worse than other media, were the main target of bitter

661:

on the works of North Korean artists and musicians, many of whom were of South Korean origin. A newspaper run by dissident journalists began publication in 1988. A number of other new dailies also appeared in 1988. Many of the new weekly and monthly periodicals bypassed the higher profits of the

1320:

It is the most powerful regulation that decide who will broadcasting business. The grounds of this regulation are largely that: electromagnetic wave is scarce, so all of those who want to operate a broadcasting system cannot do it, and the providers have to set fair to operate a broadcaster(ex,

766:

The South Korean government also supported Naewoe Press, which dealt solely with North Korean affairs. Originally a propaganda vehicle that followed the government line on unification policy issues, Naewoe Press became increasingly objective and moderate in tone in the mid-1980s in interpreting

594:

was the legal capstone of Chun's system of media control and provided for censorship and control of newspapers, periodicals, and broadcast media. It also set the professional qualifications for journalists. Media censorship was coordinated with intelligence officials, representatives of various

1321:

financial power, social experiences etc.) Until just recently large companies (above top 30), newspaper, agency couldn't operate a broadcasting system because of the independence of media. (It caused problems in Korea in history.) But recently newly revised media law allows it.

968:

The first radio broadcasting was JODK by 'Kyungsung Broadcasting' in 1927. Some people regard HLKA by 'Korean Broadcasting system' in 1947 as the first radio broadcasting in Korea. Since 2003, DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting) or DAR(Digital Audio Radio) services have been used.

738:

provided domestic and foreign news to government agencies, newspapers, and broadcasters. Yonhap also provided news on South Korean developments in English by computerised transmission via the Asia-Pacific News Network. Additional links with world media were facilitated by four

183: 1096:

fee gathered from all South Korea households with a television set. As of 2010, the fee is 2500 won (about 2 USD). Due to low public funds, KBS2 runs commercials. Looking at the ownership of MBC, 70% of it is owned by a government-owned not-for-profit organization (

770:

Except for two newspapers (one in Korean and one in English) that the government owned or controlled and the state television network, ownership of the media was for the most part distinct from political or economic power. One exception was the conservative daily,

915:

and published every 10 days. Hansung Sunbo carried both domestic and foreign news and it had enlightened opinions. The Independent was the first newspaper written in Korean, and the first private newspaper. Seo Jae-Pil published it in two version: Korean

63: 857:(a commercial broadcaster). Some 70 percent of South Korean households have broadband Internet access, and the online media marketplace is growing rapidly. Popular news Web sites (such as OhMyNews.com) register as many as 15 million visits per day. 2083: 1055:

There are many radio stations in Korea, but channels are not uniquely distinctive. KBS 1FM, KBS 1AM, TBS (Traffic Broadcasting System) are somewhat distinctive. Other channels are usually broadcast according to people's lifestyle.

1064:

KORCAD was the first TV station in South Korea, which launched in 1956. In South Korea, terrestrial television broadcasting is common and popular. As terrestrial broadcasters, there are 5 channels with 4 television stations:

590:. In addition, the Defense Security Command, then commanded by Roh Tae Woo, and the Ministry of Culture and Information ordered hundreds of South Korean journalists fired and banned from newspaper writing or editing. The 782:

Most of South Korea's major newspapers derived their financial support from advertising and from their affiliation with major publishing houses. The Donga Press, for example, published not only the prestigious daily

767:

political, social, and economic developments in North Korea. Vantage Point, an English-language publication of Naewoe Press, provided in-depth studies of North Korean social, economic, and political developments.

920:

and English. The Independent made an effort to enlighten people and denounce absurd Chosun officers. After the 1980s, newspapers received greater freedom, after The Press Forceful Merge became invalid. Nowadays,

1360:'s administration, the trend is changing. Newspaper and large company can hold a 10-percent stake in terrestrial broadcaster, a 30-percent stake in cable broadcaster, a 49-percent stakein IPTV or news channel. 860:

Today, much of the news in South Korea is delivered through electronic means and the country is at the leading edge of the digital revolution and a trailblazer for high-speed and wireless internet services.

2014: 635:, a commercial network that had been under control of the state-managed KBS since 1980, resumed independent broadcasting. The number of radio broadcast stations grew from 74 in 1985 to 111 (including both 1346:

Cable system operator and program provider can own more than one broadcaster and transmission line. But, they can be restricted by the government with regards to market share and the number of providers.

607:

to withhold compulsory viewers' fees in protest against censorship by the KBS network received widespread press attention. By the summer of 1986, even the ruling party was responding to public opinion.

1107:

the analogue broadcasting to the digital broadcasting.(This date coincides with the United Kingdom conversion date.) According to DTV Korea, the rate of digital TV sets in use is about 60% (2010).

1100:), and 30% of it belongs to 'Jeong-su Scholarship Foundation'. Also, because KBS2 and MBC run commercials, there are a lot of controversies on the definition of public broadcasting in South Korea. 1044:

Other religious programming broadcasters: PBC(Pyeonghwa Broadcasting Corporation, 평화방송), BBS(Buddhism Broadcasting System(BBS), 佛敎放送), FEBC(Far East Broadcasting Co., Korea, 極東放送), *WBS (원음방송)

611:

The political liberalization of the late 1980s brought a loosening of press restraints and a new generation of journalists more willing to investigate sensitive subjects, such as the May 1980

15: 2024: 1588: 1283:

was launched in South Korea in 2000. It shut down in 2014. Users could upload their information, mood, pictures etc. It featured "following" of other people in a similar vein as Facebook.

1352:

On cable broadcasting, one provider can serve system operator, network operator, and program provider but, they can restricted with regard to a market share and the number of providers.

883:, Anthology Teachings of Zen Buddhist Priests) is the world's oldest extant movable metal print book. It was published in 1377 (Goryeo Dynasty), 78 years prior to Johannes Gutenberg's 1983: 230: 166: 791:, a women's magazine, and specialized reference books and magazines for students. Throughout the post-war period, the Donga Ilbo has been noted for its opposition sympathies. 2019: 748: 911:

Published in Late-Chosun, Hansung Sunbo was the first modern newspaper in Korea. It was published in Bakmunkuk which was an official printing office. It was written in

1051:(Traffic Broadcasting System). They specialize in traffic. Many other stations also provide hourly traffic condition reports, typically for 3 minutes every 57 minutes. 599:

public criticism for their distorted reporting for the government in the early 1980s." Editorials called for abolition of the Basic Press Act and related practices, a

1988: 1339:

It means restriction on the number of broadcasting system that one provider can own. Its purpose is to prevent monopoly or oligopoly on broadcasting. In Summary:

1853: 1349:

One provider can own terrestrial broadcaster, satellite broadcaster, and cable broadcaster except a combination of terrestrial broadcaster and cable broadcaster.

497:

of every description as well as occasional censorship of the media, almost all subsequent South Korean governments have at times attempted to control the media.

1763: 657:, a radio network, again began to broadcast news as well as religious programming in 1987. In the same year, the government partially lifted a long-standing 178: 93: 1519: 31: 28: 485:

mobilisation in the ensuing years ended any resemblance of autonomy for the Korean press; all Korean-language publications were outlawed in 1941.

555:

that penalised criticism of the government to keep the media in line. In 1974, the government ordered a number of journalists fired and used the

703:, but larger than four more specialised economic dailies. All the major dailies were privately owned, except for the government- controlled 1237:

Joongang Ilbo developed the first internet news website in Asia in 1995. After the start, almost every daily newspaper made their website.

72: 556: 524: 174: 89: 1185: 1138: 1157: 578:. In late 1980, the Chun government established more thorough control of the news media than had existed in the South Korea since the 364: 481:

with Japanese censors. Colonial authorities prohibited sales of individual issues on hundreds of occasions between 1926 and 1932.

1963: 1164: 1018:. 'Cho Yeong-Nam & Choi Yu-ra's Radio Golden Age' is the most famous program which provides funny stories and K-pop music. 1010:

In Korea, MBC Radio is the most popular in general because there are several long-running programs. MBC operates 2 channels:

111: 1690: 1171: 126: 122: 1097: 574:

administrations, the government exercised considerable control and surveillance over the media through the comprehensive

212: 130: 1466:

Lee Mi-Hwa, Study for Hunminjeongeum section in High School Korean Textbook, Yeongnam Graduate School of Education, 2010

1343:

One provider (person or corporation) can only own one business on the Terrestrial broadcaster and satellite broadcaster.

1223: 1153: 1938: 1614: 1374: 1204: 201: 100: 1356:

According to newly enactment of Broadcasting Law and Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Law from President

945:

are the major newspapers which hold liberal ideals. In South Korea, conservative newspapers are more widely read.

646:) by late 1988 and 125 by late 1989. The number of periodicals rose as the government removed restrictions on the 1084: 1079: 629: 1142: 787:, but also a variety of other periodicals, including a newspaper for children, the general circulation monthly 1379: 752: 747:. The government's KBS radio network broadcast overseas in twelve languages. Two private radio networks, the 431: 190: 1508:

Yang Mun-Seok, A Critical Study on Privatization A Public Broadcaster, 2010, Korean Broadcasting Commission

2088: 1048: 1773: 1425: 1178: 1041:

CBS: is the first commercial radio broadcaster in South Korea. It contains programs about Christianity.

587: 743:. The International Broadcast Centre established in June 1988 served some 10,000 broadcasters for the 1405: 1089: 435: 107: 1978: 1883: 1705: 1683: 1596: 1592: 1584: 1576: 946: 1663: 1325:

Terrestrial broadcasting, Cable Television broadcasting, satellite broadcasting: government permit

457:

to function while maintaining some behind-the-scenes direction over politically sensitive topics.

1530:

New York Times, PERSONAL BUSINESS: DIARY; Around the World, Gains in Internet Use, Feb 16th, 2003

1131: 118: 776: 563:

to stop its reporting on popular opposition to the Park government by intimidating the paper's

1933: 1898: 1548:

Professor Shim Jae-woong, Lecture: Introduction to Broadcasting, Sookmyung Women's University

197: 66: 1446: 1823: 1818: 1713: 950: 744: 616: 8: 2003: 1943: 1918: 1833: 1813: 1733: 1723: 1676: 1402: 1268: 600: 731:

and businesses. A Chinese-language daily served South Korea's small Chinese population.

531:'s 64 daily newspapers and refused to register a comparable percentage of the country's 2029: 1908: 1903: 1783: 1103: 938: 735: 632: 604: 508: 446: 134: 1299:

in South Korea. 'me2day' and 'yozm' are some other micro blogs in South Korean media.

2058: 1973: 1923: 1878: 1858: 1848: 1748: 1260: 727:, which was affiliated with the independent Soul simmun, were widely read by foreign 401:

began after the opening of Korea in late 19th century. The Korean press had a strong

1948: 1863: 1843: 1728: 1718: 1328:

News channel, General service channel, home-shopping channel: government's approval

716: 612: 536: 16: 1447:"Official Site of Korea Tourism Org.: Anthology Teachings of Zen Buddhist Priests" 1993: 1928: 1893: 1828: 1808: 1798: 1758: 1743: 1738: 1000: 955:

In South Korea, like many other countries, newspaper subscribers are decreasing.

884: 801: 756: 740: 640: 636: 467: 1251:

As in other countries, social media has come into the spotlight in South Korea.

2034: 1953: 1913: 1888: 1868: 1803: 1778: 1768: 1753: 1517: 896: 888: 695:, had 450,000 readers–less than the major dailies or smaller papers like 520: 493:

Following the period of 1945 to 1948, which saw a burgeoning of newspapers and

208: 1628: 1398: 689:, had a combined circulation of more than 6.5 million. The anti-establishment 603:

was unsuccessfully introduced in the National Assembly to the same end, and a

2077: 2052: 1873: 1838: 1793: 1788: 1411: 1357: 942: 930: 830: 795: 772: 691: 673: 643: 625: 620: 571: 544: 360: 159: 1295:, with its prevalence growing in conjunction with the growing popularity of 47: 934: 834: 720: 704: 667: 583: 500: 482: 442: 899:' and scholars of 'Jiphyunjeon'. This text describes the promulgation of ' 2062: 988: 984: 926: 922: 822: 724: 679: 564: 560: 540: 406: 352: 1643: 1296: 826: 784: 685: 647: 579: 494: 462: 454: 414: 398: 355: 226:

Rescuing 1 sources, flagging 0 as dead, and archiving 4 sources. #IABot

1308:

mean fairness among the broadcasters, and freedom of expression each.

837:, all published in Seoul. The five nationwide television networks are 519:

on numerous occasions between 1948 and 1960. On taking power in 1961,

707:. Several other daily publications had specialised readerships among 658: 516: 402: 376: 1120: 1595:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

1240: 653:

There also were qualitative changes in the South Korean media. The

512: 478: 470: 449:

in 1919, the colonial government loosened their overt control over

410: 388: 384: 380: 1633: 1239:

Various Internet news networks have emerged. One such website is "

615:. Roh's eight-point declaration of June 29, 1987, provided for "a 1410:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1292: 1280: 1229:

social media, shopping, banking, games, and educational content.

1074: 1069: 1031: 1027: 1015: 1011: 996: 992: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 728: 450: 1668: 547:

to promote its official line. The Park government also used the

917: 900: 892: 552: 439: 511:

newspapers. Rhee also closed moderate newspapers and arrested

1264: 912: 879: 760: 712: 708: 528: 395: 368: 1648: 1488: 532: 372: 1259:

Almost every big portal site provides a blogging service.

979:

As standard radio stations, there are KBS, MBC, SBS, EBS.

933:

are the major newspapers, which have conservative ideals;

1478:

Oh Taek-sup,Media in the Information Society, 2009, Nanam

1638: 460:

During the 1920s, Korean vernacular newspapers, such as

305:

wayback|url=http://www.dtvkorea.org/policy/transList.asp

1658: 1653: 794:

South Korea's principal anti-establishment newspaper,

54: 438:

assumed direct control of the press along with other

1539:

Jung Hyung-Gi, Broadcasting of Korea, 2010, Shinsung

983:

KBS, public broadcasting group operates 7 channels.

798: 755:, served a wide regional audience that included the 1145:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 503:'s government continued the military government's 2084:Knowledge external links cleanup from August 2012 1579:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 488: 409:flavour from the beginning, but faced efforts at 2075: 1275:Social Networks (SNS, Social Networking Service) 158:typo fixing, replaced: Buddism → Buddhism using 1474: 1472: 887:printed during the years 1452-1455. In 1446, ' 812: 425: 1684: 359:consist of several different types of public 1469: 875:Baegunhwasang Chorokbuljo Jikjisimcheyojeol 665:In 1989 South Korea's four largest dailies, 147: 586:companies were absorbed into the state-run 525:Supreme Council for National Reconstruction 1691: 1677: 1615:Learn how and when to remove this message 1205:Learn how and when to remove this message 1026:SBS also operates two channels in radio: 1426:"South Korea country profile - overview" 619:, including allowing newspapers to base 453:activities and permitted several Korean 2076: 1311: 1232: 719:newspapers, the government-subsidised 1672: 1399:Korea.pdf South Korea country profile 1363: 346:Revision as of 00:01, 17 January 2016 175:Revision as of 00:01, 17 January 2016 90:Revision as of 20:59, 3 December 2015 1644:http://eng.kcc.go.kr/user/ehpMain.do 1559: 1279:An early social networking platform 1143:adding citations to reliable sources 1114: 1038:EBS(Educational Broadcasting System) 80: 46: 1098:The Foundation of Broadcast Culture 958: 809:urban values on rural communities. 570:During the Park and the subsequent 549:Press Ethics Commission Law of 1964 229: 224: 189: 172: 165: 146: 99: 87: 13: 1224:Internet censorship in South Korea 953:are the major business newspapers. 348: 35: 2100: 1698: 1555: 1392: 1375:List of newspapers in South Korea 426:Colonial period (1910–1945) 417:during most of the 20th century. 2057: 2048: 2047: 1564: 1119: 849:(run as a public organization), 592:Basic Press Act of December 1980 588:Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) 1634:http://office.kbs.co.kr/museum/ 1542: 1533: 1246: 1130:needs additional citations for 2015:British Indian Ocean Territory 1524: 1511: 1502: 1481: 1460: 1439: 1418: 1302: 1291:The most famous Micro Blog is 1271:'s blog are the most popular. 864: 543:while using its own radio and 489:After World War II (1945-1990) 1: 1385: 1380:Communications in South Korea 1336:Restrictions on the ownership 1059: 753:Far East Broadcasting Company 655:Christian Broadcasting System 505:Ordinance Number Eighty-Eight 432:Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty 344: 296: 275: 1110: 906: 18:Browse history interactively 7: 1368: 1217: 1154:"Mass media in South Korea" 999:, KBS Hanminjeok Radio and 813:Current status (1990-today) 551:and, after 1972, emergency 10: 2105: 1449:. English.visitkorea.or.kr 1221: 527:closed all but fifteen of 420: 153: 151: 2043: 2002: 1962: 1704: 1649:http://english.kbs.co.kr/ 1406:Federal Research Division 821:Major newspapers include 749:Asia Broadcasting Company 436:Governor-General of Korea 240: 237: 213:Pending changes reviewers 171: 131:Pending changes reviewers 86: 1764:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 1317:Restriction market entry 963: 947:Maeil Business Newspaper 434:was signed in 1910, the 123:Extended confirmed users 2025:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1331:Other program: Resister 869: 741:satellite link stations 85: 1428:. BBC News. 2012-03-29 1047:Traffic broadcasters: 777:editorial independence 1639:http://www.kba.or.kr/ 628:press spokesman, the 576:National Security Act 1939:United Arab Emirates 1659:http://www.sbs.co.kr 1585:improve this article 1139:improve this article 951:Korea Economic Daily 853:(state-funded), and 845:(public broadcast), 477:, conducted running 413:control or outright 1966:limited recognition 1654:http://www.imbc.com 1597:footnote references 1491:. English.kbs.co.kr 1403:Library of Congress 1312:Business regulation 1233:Internet journalism 891:' was published by 745:1988 Seoul Olympics 2089:South Korean media 1364:Content regulation 1104:Digital television 939:Kyunghyang Shinmun 895:, fourth king of ' 736:Yonhap News Agency 633:television network 475:Kaebyok (Creation) 447:March 1st Movement 187: 127:New page reviewers 97: 2071: 2070: 2008:other territories 1629:countrystudies.us 1625: 1624: 1617: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1189: 507:, which outlawed 343: 173: 88: 68: 2096: 2061: 2051: 2050: 2020:Christmas Island 1706:Sovereign states 1693: 1686: 1679: 1670: 1669: 1664:news media links 1620: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1600: 1568: 1567: 1560: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1520:Template:Wayback 1515: 1509: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1496: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1467: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1422: 1416: 1396: 1210: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1147: 1123: 1115: 959:Electronic media 717:English-language 697:Kyonghan Shinmun 613:Gwangju massacre 445:. Following the 227: 219: 205: 186: 181: 163: 162: 157: 149: 141: 115: 96: 69: 60: 59: 57: 52: 50: 42: 39: 21: 19: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2039: 2007: 1998: 1979:Northern Cyprus 1965: 1958: 1700: 1697: 1621: 1610: 1604: 1601: 1582: 1573:This article's 1569: 1565: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1371: 1366: 1338: 1319: 1314: 1305: 1249: 1238: 1235: 1226: 1220: 1211: 1200: 1194: 1191: 1148: 1146: 1136: 1124: 1113: 1062: 1001:KBS World Radio 987:, KBS Radio 2, 966: 961: 954: 909: 885:"42-Line Bible" 872: 867: 815: 802:Baekdu Mountain 757:Soviet Far East 605:public campaign 491: 428: 423: 340: 333: 324: 319: 312: 310: 306: 302: 294: 292: 289: 285: 282: 271: 266: 259: 251: 233: 228: 225: 223: 222: 221: 217: 215: 195: 193: 188: 182: 177: 169: 167:← Previous edit 164: 152: 150: 145: 144: 143: 139: 137: 105: 103: 102:Alextejthompson 98: 92: 84: 83: 82: 81: 79: 78: 77: 76: 75: 74: 65: 61: 55: 53: 48: 45: 43: 40: 38:Content deleted 37: 34: 29:← Previous edit 26: 25: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2102: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2055: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1623: 1622: 1577:external links 1572: 1570: 1563: 1557: 1556:External links 1554: 1551: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1510: 1501: 1480: 1468: 1459: 1438: 1417: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1313: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1289: 1288: 1287:Micro Blogging 1277: 1276: 1257: 1256: 1248: 1245: 1234: 1231: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1127: 1125: 1118: 1112: 1109: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1061: 1058: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1024: 1023: 1008: 1007: 1004: 977: 976: 965: 962: 960: 957: 908: 905: 897:Joseon Dynasty 889:Hunminjeongeum 871: 868: 866: 863: 814: 811: 621:correspondents 539:, and monthly 521:Park Chung Hee 490: 487: 427: 424: 422: 419: 347: 342: 341: 338: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 322: 320: 317: 314: 313: 311:}}</ref> 309:20110419194200 308: 304: 301: 299: 297: 295: 293:}}</ref> 290: 287: 283: 280: 278: 276: 273: 272: 269: 267: 264: 261: 260: 256: 254: 252: 248: 246: 243: 242: 239: 235: 234: 216: 207: 206: 191: 170: 138: 117: 116: 101: 70: 64: 62: 44: 36: 27: 23: 22: 14: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2101: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1989:South Ossetia 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699:Media of Asia 1694: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1616: 1608: 1598: 1594: 1593:inappropriate 1590: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1571: 1562: 1561: 1545: 1536: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1505: 1490: 1484: 1475: 1473: 1463: 1448: 1442: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1412:public domain 1407: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1361: 1359: 1358:Lee Myung-Bak 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1309: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1230: 1225: 1209: 1206: 1198: 1195:February 2015 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1156: – 1155: 1151: 1150:Find sources: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1128:This article 1126: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1057: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1005: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 981: 980: 975: 972: 971: 970: 956: 952: 948: 944: 943:The Hankyoreh 940: 937:is moderate; 936: 932: 931:Jung-Ang Ilbo 928: 924: 919: 914: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 881: 876: 862: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 831:Joongang Ilbo 828: 824: 819: 810: 806: 803: 799: 797: 796:The Hankyoreh 792: 790: 786: 780: 778: 774: 773:Joongang Ilbo 768: 764: 763:, and Japan. 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 701:Seoul Shinmun 698: 694: 693: 692:The Hankyoreh 688: 687: 682: 681: 676: 675: 674:Joongang Ilbo 670: 669: 663: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 642: 638: 634: 631: 627: 622: 618: 614: 609: 606: 602: 596: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 572:Chun Doo Hwan 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 545:news agencies 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 496: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 469: 465: 464: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 441: 437: 433: 418: 416: 412: 408: 407:nationalistic 404: 400: 397: 392: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 361:communication 358: 357: 354: 345: 339:==New media== 337: 335: 332:==New media== 330: 328: 327: 323: 321: 318: 316: 315: 298: 277: 274: 270: 268: 265: 263: 262: 255: 253: 247: 245: 244: 236: 232: 214: 210: 203: 199: 194: 185: 180: 176: 168: 161: 155: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 119:Autopatrolled 113: 109: 104: 95: 91: 73: 58: 51: 41:Content added 33: 30: 20: 2004:Dependencies 1934:Turkmenistan 1899:Saudi Arabia 1611: 1602: 1587:by removing 1574: 1544: 1535: 1526: 1513: 1504: 1493:. Retrieved 1489:"Kbs Global" 1483: 1462: 1451:. Retrieved 1441: 1430:. Retrieved 1420: 1409: 1408:(May 2005). 1394: 1355: 1335: 1334: 1316: 1315: 1306: 1290: 1278: 1258: 1250: 1247:Social media 1236: 1227: 1201: 1192: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1161: 1149: 1137:Please help 1132:verification 1129: 1102: 1094: 1063: 1054: 1025: 1009: 978: 973: 967: 935:Hankook Ilbo 910: 878: 874: 873: 859: 835:Hankook Ilbo 820: 816: 807: 793: 788: 781: 769: 765: 733: 721:Korea Herald 705:Hankook Ilbo 700: 696: 690: 684: 678: 672: 668:Hankook Ilbo 666: 664: 654: 652: 610: 597: 591: 584:broadcasting 575: 569: 548: 541:publications 504: 501:Syngman Rhee 499: 492: 483:World War II 474: 468:intellectual 461: 459: 443:institutions 429: 393: 353:South Korean 351: 349: 2063:Asia portal 1964:States with 1884:Philippines 1824:South Korea 1819:North Korea 1714:Afghanistan 1605:August 2012 1303:Regulations 1297:Smartphones 1016:Standard FM 989:KBS Radio 3 985:KBS Radio 1 927:Dong-A Ilbo 923:Chosun Ilbo 865:Print media 823:Chosun Ilbo 725:Korea Times 680:Chosun Ilbo 565:advertisers 561:Dong-a Ilbo 495:periodicals 231:Next edit → 192:Cyberbot II 135:Rollbackers 32:Next edit → 2078:Categories 1944:Uzbekistan 1919:Tajikistan 1834:Kyrgyzstan 1814:Kazakhstan 1734:Bangladesh 1724:Azerbaijan 1495:2012-08-05 1453:2012-08-05 1432:2012-08-05 1386:References 1222:See also: 1165:newspapers 1060:Television 827:Donga Ilbo 789:Shin Donga 785:Donga Ilbo 686:Donga Ilbo 650:industry. 648:publishing 626:Blue House 617:free press 580:Korean War 535:services, 517:publishers 479:skirmishes 463:Donga Ilbo 455:newspapers 415:censorship 399:journalism 377:newspapers 365:television 2030:Hong Kong 1984:Palestine 1909:Sri Lanka 1904:Singapore 1784:Indonesia 1589:excessive 1111:New media 907:Newspaper 729:embassies 711:fans and 559:to force 513:reporters 430:When the 411:political 403:reformist 389:Web sites 381:magazines 363:of news: 2053:Category 1974:Abkhazia 1924:Thailand 1879:Pakistan 1859:Mongolia 1854:Maldives 1849:Malaysia 1749:Cambodia 1369:See also 1241:OhmyNews 1218:Internet 1028:Power FM 974:Channels 723:and the 644:stations 537:weeklies 473:such as 471:journals 451:cultural 385:Internet 241:Line 87: 238:Line 87: 202:contribs 112:contribs 56:Wikitext 1949:Vietnam 1864:Myanmar 1844:Lebanon 1774:Georgia 1729:Bahrain 1719:Armenia 1583:Please 1575:use of 1293:Twitter 1281:Cyworld 1179:scholar 1075:KBS 2TV 1070:KBS 1TV 1032:Love AM 997:KBS 2FM 993:KBS 1FM 553:decrees 509:leftist 421:History 394:Modern 387:-based 218:469,424 154:→‎Radio 140:100,169 1994:Taiwan 1929:Turkey 1894:Russia 1829:Kuwait 1809:Jordan 1799:Israel 1759:Cyprus 1744:Brunei 1739:Bhutan 1267:, and 1181: 1174: 1167: 1160: 1152: 929:, and 918:Hangul 901:Hangul 893:Sejong 833:, and 715:. Two 683:, and 466:, and 440:public 396:Korean 383:, and 373:cinema 307:|date= 288:August 286:|date= 67:Inline 49:Visual 2035:Macau 1954:Yemen 1914:Syria 1889:Qatar 1869:Nepal 1804:Japan 1779:India 1769:Egypt 1754:China 1265:Naver 1255:Blogs 1186:JSTOR 1172:books 964:Radio 913:Hanja 880:Jikji 843:KBS-2 839:KBS-1 761:China 713:youth 709:sport 529:Seoul 369:radio 356:media 220:edits 142:edits 1874:Oman 1839:Laos 1794:Iraq 1789:Iran 1269:Daum 1261:Nate 1158:news 1030:and 1014:and 1012:FM4U 949:and 941:and 870:Book 841:and 751:and 734:The 639:and 601:bill 557:KCIA 533:news 515:and 405:and 350:The 291:2012 284:link 281:dead 209:Bots 198:talk 184:undo 179:edit 108:talk 94:edit 2006:and 1591:or 1141:by 1090:SBS 1085:EBS 1080:MBC 1049:TBS 1022:SBS 1006:MBC 855:SBS 851:EBS 847:MBC 699:or 659:ban 630:MBC 523:'s 160:AWB 2080:: 1471:^ 1401:. 1263:, 1034:. 995:, 991:, 925:, 829:, 825:, 779:. 759:, 677:, 671:, 641:FM 637:AM 567:. 391:. 379:, 375:, 371:, 367:, 303:{{ 211:, 200:| 156:: 133:, 129:, 125:, 121:, 110:| 1692:e 1685:t 1678:v 1618:) 1612:( 1607:) 1603:( 1599:. 1581:. 1498:. 1456:. 1435:. 1414:. 1208:) 1202:( 1197:) 1193:( 1183:· 1176:· 1169:· 1162:· 1135:. 1003:. 877:( 204:) 196:( 148:m 114:) 106:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index