720:
1454:
1010:
1262:
1676:
1134:
929:
1018:
1486:
1102:
578:
567:
404:
3018:
1390:
1070:
1358:
1550:
804:
1791:
1230:
1518:
1871:
1422:
1326:
1582:
1198:
1166:
1294:
296:
71:
865:
219:</ref> PD reserves are reserves that can be produced with existing wells and perforations, or from additional reservoirs where minimal additional investment (operating expense) is required.<ref name="Hyne" /> PUD reserves require additional capital investment (e.g., drilling new wells) to bring the oil to the surface.<ref name="SPE_Glossary" /><ref name="Hyne" />
212:</ref> PD reserves are reserves that can be produced with existing wells and perforations, or from additional reservoirs where minimal additional investment (operating expense) is required.<ref name="Hyne" /> PUD reserves require additional capital investment (e.g., drilling new wells) to bring the oil to the surface.<ref name="SPE_Glossary" /><ref name="Hyne" />
1827:, and West Greenland–East Canada. It was further estimated that approximately 84% of the oil and gas would occur offshore. The USGS did not consider economic factors such as the effects of permanent sea ice or oceanic water depth in its assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. This assessment was lower than a 2000 survey, which had included lands south of the Arctic Circle.
482:
1664:
777:
production restrictions. The curve can be expressed mathematically or plotted on a graph to estimate future production. It has the advantage of (implicitly) including all reservoir characteristics. It requires a sufficient history to establish a statistically significant trend, ideally when production is not curtailed by regulatory or other artificial conditions.
657:
698:
number. Current recovery factors for oil fields around the world typically range between 10 and 60 percent; some are over 80 percent. The wide variance is due largely to the diversity of fluid and reservoir characteristics for different deposits. The method is most useful early in the life of the reservoir, before significant production has occurred.
711:
that depends on the remaining volume of oil and gas. The method requires extensive pressure-volume-temperature analysis and an accurate pressure history of the field. It requires some production to occur (typically 5% to 10% of ultimate recovery), unless reliable pressure history can be used from a field with similar rock and fluid characteristics.
457:" (PUD). PD reserves are reserves that can be produced with existing wells and perforations, or from additional reservoirs where minimal additional investment (operating expense) is required. PUD reserves require additional capital investment (e.g., drilling new wells) to bring the oil to the surface.
697:
attempt to determine the amount of oil in place by using the size of the reservoir as well as the physical properties of its rocks and fluids. Then a recovery factor is assumed, using assumptions from fields with similar characteristics. OIP is multiplied by the recovery factor to arrive at a reserve
412:
All reserve estimates involve uncertainty, depending on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available and the interpretation of that data. The relative degree of uncertainty can be expressed by dividing reserves into two principal classifications—"proven" (or "proved") and "unproven"
1858:
and tight gas resources in shale formations, "Technically
Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States." The inventory is incomplete due to exclusion of tight oil and gas from sources other than shale such as sandstone
643:
deposits. Unlike "conventional resources", in which the petroleum is recovered through wellbores and typically requires minimal processing prior to sale, unconventional resources require specialized extraction technology to produce. For example, steam and/or solvents are used to mobilize bitumen for
497:
Unproven reserves are based on geological and/or engineering data similar to that used in estimates of proven reserves, but technical, contractual, or regulatory uncertainties preclude such reserves being classified as proven. Unproven reserves may be used internally by oil companies and government
2539:
PennWell
Corporation, Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 105.48 (December 24, 2007), except United States. Oil includes crude oil and condensate. Data for the United States are from the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2006 Annual Report,
776:
uses production data to fit a decline curve and estimate future oil production. The three most common forms of decline curves are exponential, hyperbolic, and harmonic. It is assumed that the production will decline on a reasonably smooth curve, and so allowances must be made for wells shut in and
241:
companies to also provide additional optional information declaring 2P (both proven and probable) and 3P (proven plus probable plus possible) provided the evaluation is verified by qualified third party consultants, though many companies choose to use 2P and 3P estimates only for internal purposes.
710:
for an oil field uses an equation that relates the volume of oil, water and gas that has been produced from a reservoir and the change in reservoir pressure to calculate the remaining oil. It assumes that, as fluids from the reservoir are produced, there will be a change in the reservoir pressure
249:
companies to also provide additional optional information declaring 2P (both proven and probable) and 3P (proven plus probable plus possible) provided the evaluation is verified by qualified third party consultants, though many companies choose to use 2P and 3P estimates only for internal purposes
604:
accumulations, but the applied project(s) are not yet considered mature enough for commercial development due to one or more contingencies. Contingent resources may include, for example, projects for which there are no viable markets, or where commercial recovery is dependent on technology under
523:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations that have a less likely chance of being recovered than probable reserves. This term is often used for reserves which are claimed to have at least a 10% certainty of being produced ("P10"). Reasons for classifying reserves as possible include varying
472:
do not disclose verifying data to support their claims. Since
January 2010 the SEC now allows companies to also provide additional optional information declaring 2P (both proven and probable) and 3P (proven plus probable plus possible) provided the evaluation is verified by qualified third party
248:
Until
December 2009 "1P" ] were the only type the U.S. ] allowed oil companies to report to investors. Companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must substantiate their claims, but many governments and ] do not disclose verifying data to support their claims. Since January 2010 the SEC now allows
240:
Until
December 2009 "1P" ] were the only type the U.S. ] allowed oil companies to report to investors. Companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must substantiate their claims, but many governments and ] do not disclose verifying data to support their claims. Since January 2010 the SEC now allows
1671:
Since OPEC started to set production quotas on the basis of reserves levels in the 1980s, many of its members have reported significant increases in their official reserves. There are doubts about the reliability of these estimates, which are not provided with any form of verification that meet
524:
interpretations of geology, reserves not producible at commercial rates, uncertainty due to reserve infill (seepage from adjacent areas) and projected reserves based on future recovery methods. The cumulative amount of proven, probable and possible resources are referred to in the industry as "
627:
recoverable resources when making its petroleum resource assessments. Technically recoverable resources represent that proportion of assessed in-place petroleum that may be recoverable using current recovery technology, without regard to cost. Economically recoverable resources are technically
407:
Schematic graph illustrating petroleum volumes and probabilities. Curves represent categories of oil in assessment. There is a 95% chance (i.e., probability, F95) of at least volume V1 of economically recoverable oil, and there is a 5-percent chance (F05) of at least volume V2 of economically
1683:
The sudden revisions in OPEC reserves, totaling nearly 300 bn barrels, have been much debated. Some of it is defended partly by the shift in ownership of reserves away from international oil companies, some of whom were obliged to report reserves under conservative US Securities and
Exchange
442:(normally at least 90% confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political conditions, with existing technology. Industry specialists refer to this as "P90" (that is, having a 90% certainty of being produced). Proven reserves are also known in the industry as "
540:, reserves categories A, B, and C1 correspond roughly to proved developed producing, proved developed nonproducing, and proved undeveloped, respectively; the designation ABC1 corresponds to proved reserves. The Russian category C2 includes probable and possible reserves.
1810:
liquids in 25 geologically defined areas thought to have potential for petroleum. This represented 13% of the expected undiscovered oil in the world. Of the estimated totals, more than half of the undiscovered oil resources were estimated to occur in just three geologic
512:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations and claim a 50% confidence level of recovery. Industry specialists refer to them as "P50" (i.e., having a 50% certainty of being produced). The sum of proven plus probable reserves is also referred to in the industry as
1859:
or carbonates, formations underlying the large oil fields located in the Middle East and the
Caspian region, off shore formations, or about which there is little information. Estimated technically recoverable shale oil resources total 335 to 345 billion barrels.
413:(or "unproved"). Unproven reserves can further be divided into two subcategories—"probable" and "possible"—to indicate the relative degree of uncertainty about their existence. The most commonly accepted definitions of these are based on those approved by the
1684:
Commission rules. The most prominent explanation of the revisions is prompted by a change in OPEC rules which set production quotas (partly) on reserves. In any event, the revisions in official data had little to do with the actual discovery of new reserves.
161:
63:
732:(green line), and gas depletion (red line). The X axis is a coordinate scale, indicating time in years and displays the production decline curve. The top red line is the gas decline curve, which is a hyperbolic decline curve. Gas is measured in
2540:
DOE/EIA-0216(2007) (November 2007). Oil & Gas
Journal's oil reserve estimate for Canada includes 5.392 billion barrels (857,300,000 m) of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and 173.2 billion barrels (2.754
314:, which include all oil that can be technically recovered at any price. Reserves may be for a well, a reservoir, a field, a nation, or the world. Different classifications of reserves are related to their degree of certainty.
381:
have increased the accuracy of these techniques, significant uncertainties still remain. In general, most early estimates of the reserves of an oil field are conservative and tend to grow with time. This phenomenon is called
558:, approximately 4.1 billion barrels (650,000,000 m) of oil are held in strategic reserves, of which 1.4 billion is government-controlled. These reserves are generally not counted when computing a nation's oil reserves.
1746:, has estimated that Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have overstated reserves by a combined 320–390bn barrels and has said, "As for Iran, the usually accepted official 132 billion barrels (2.10
785:
Experience shows that initial estimates of the size of newly discovered oil fields are usually too low. As years pass, successive estimates of the ultimate recovery of fields tend to increase. The term
2015:
2852:
Christopher J. Schenk; Troy A. Cook; Ronald R. Charpentier; Richard M. Pollastro; Timothy R. Klett; Marilyn E. Tennyson; Mark A. Kirschbaum; Michael E. Brownfield; Janet K. Pitman. (11 January 2010).
1004:
1707: m) and did not make any important new discoveries during that period. The case of Saudi Arabia is also striking, with proven reserves estimated at between 260 and 264 billion barrels (4.20
15:
1968:
3235:
1655:
It is estimated that between 100 and 135 billion tonnes (which equals between 133 and 180 billions m of oil) of the world's oil reserves have been used between 1850 and the present.
676:. The portion that can be recovered is considered to be a reserve. The portion that is not recoverable is not included unless and until methods are implemented to produce it.
2022:
2557:
628:
recoverable petroleum for which the costs of discovery, development, production, and transport, including a return to capital, can be recovered at a given market price.
343:. Determining a recovery factor for a given field depends on several features of the operation, including method of oil recovery used and technological developments.
175:
2316:
1764: m), of which half were proven and half were possible. The combined value of proven and possible is half of the official public estimate of proven reserves.
585:
A more sophisticated system of evaluating petroleum accumulations was adopted in 2007 by the
Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), World Petroleum Council (WPC),
3242:
1823:. More than 70% of the mean undiscovered oil resources was estimated to occur in five provinces: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins,
612:
accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery and a chance of development.
1738: m) of proven reserves should be recategorized as speculative resources, though he did not specify which countries had inflated their reserves. Dr.
310:
that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil. Hence reserves will change with the price, unlike
3384:
3330:
193:
144:
1687:
Total reserves in many OPEC countries hardly changed in the 1990s. Official reserves in Kuwait, for example, were unchanged at 96.5 Gbbl (15.34
644:
in-situ recovery. Moreover, the extracted petroleum may require significant processing prior to sale (e.g., bitumen upgraders). The total amount of
3067:
1936:
728:
software, utilized in petroleum economics to indicate the depletion of oil & gas in a ] The Y axis is a semi log scale, indicating the rate of
168:
2182:
468:
allowed oil companies to report to investors. Companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must substantiate their claims, but many governments and
2904:"Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States"
2722:
736:(thousand cubic feet in this case). The lower Blue line is the oil decline curve, which is an exponential decline curve. Oil is measured in
1909:
648:
resources in the world considerably exceeds the amount of conventional oil reserves, but are much more difficult and expensive to develop.
586:
554:
Many countries maintain government-controlled oil reserves for both economic and national security reasons. According to the United States
3337:
589:(AAPG), and Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE). It incorporates the 1997 definitions for reserves, but adds categories for
2946:
395:
for their oil reserves. The numbers disclosed by some national governments are suspected of being manipulated for political reasons.
719:
1266:
937:
2930:
744:). Data is from actual sales, not pumped production. The dips to zero indicate there were no sales that month, likely because the
3042:
1697: m) (including its share of the Neutral Zone) from 1991 to 2002, even though the country produced more than 8 Gbbl (1.3
2384:
2147:
1931:
156:
93:
951:
335:, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be
3364:
3228:
2477:
2218:
72:
31:
28:
756:
displays CUM, which is the cumulative gas or oil produced. ULT is the ultimate recovery projected for the well. Pv10 is the
118:
608:
Prospective resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
1889:
1781:
631:"Unconventional resources" exist in petroleum accumulations that are pervasive throughout a large area. Examples include
600:
Contingent resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
549:
3087:
2974:
2504:
2323:
465:
2439:
3007:
2286:
2252:
1851:
1490:
915:
846:
555:
473:
consultants, though many companies choose to use 2P and 3P estimates only for internal purposes.this is really true.
1711:
10 m) in the past 18 years, a variation of less than 2%, while extracting approximately 60 billion barrels (9.5
790:
refers to the typical increases in estimated ultimate recovery that occur as oil fields are developed and produced.
3267:
1798:
A 2008 United States
Geological Survey estimates that areas north of the Arctic Circle have 90 billion barrels (1.4
1754:
reported that official confidential Kuwaiti documents estimate reserves of Kuwait were only 48 billion barrels (7.6
813:
616:
672:
2496:
932:
Trends in proved oil reserves in top five countries, 1980-2013 (date from US Energy Information Administration)
414:
152:
89:
3369:
1767:
In July 2011, OPEC's Annual Statistical Review showed Venezuela's reserves to be larger than Saudi Arabia's.
897:
2889:
2424:
2370:
2069:
1743:
1639:
1106:
2851:
3359:
581:
Cumulative oil production plus remaining reserves and undiscovered resources. United States not included.
1718:
Sadad al-Huseini, former head of exploration and production at Saudi Aramco, estimates 300 Gbbl (48
350:
at the beginning of 2013 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in
3123:
2903:
2556:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – U.S. Government – U.S. Dept. of Energy, September, 2011
605:
development, or where evaluation of the accumulation is insufficient to clearly assess commerciality.
1820:
1074:
880:
111:
2941:
2470:
2354:
2053:
391:
Many oil-producing nations do not reveal their reservoir engineering field data and instead provide
2935:
2838:
2620:
1785:
757:
670:(OIP). Only a fraction of this oil can be recovered from a reservoir. This fraction is called the
2568:
1362:
685:
498:
agencies for future planning purposes but are not routinely compiled. They are sub-classified as
418:
332:
3249:
2967:
2775:"90 Billion Barrels of Oil and 1,670 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas Assessed in the Arctic"
1884:
1298:
1234:
1138:
817:
725:
374:
355:
3491:
3389:
3323:
3153:
3118:
2997:
2545:
2457:
2341:
2040:
1840:
1330:
378:
328:
100:
66:
2796:
2126:
3295:
3200:
2104:
1739:
1261:
1202:
1170:
469:
339:. The ratio of reserves to the total amount of oil in a particular reservoir is called the
2811:
2598:
2519:
1009:
828:
8:
3288:
3168:
3128:
3037:
3032:
3002:
737:
3354:
3221:
3138:
2853:
2826:
1904:
1824:
645:
570:
2747:
1997:
3496:
3280:
3173:
3052:
2960:
2872:
2500:
2407:
2392:
2282:
2248:
2214:
1675:
875:
3158:
2774:
3143:
2854:"An Estimate of Recoverable Heavy Oil Resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela"
2302:
1921:
1802:
10 m) of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and 44 billion barrels (7.0
16:
2642:
3450:
3399:
3273:
3183:
3178:
3148:
3133:
3092:
1926:
1894:
632:
461:
430:
3316:
3214:
3163:
3102:
2083:
1816:
1394:
1017:
928:
363:
3485:
3445:
3430:
3097:
3062:
3057:
3047:
2572:
2245:
Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production
1876:
1812:
1485:
729:
318:
107:
377:
must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. While
47:
3374:
3082:
3077:
3072:
2700:
1955:
1101:
761:
753:
689:
666:
577:
566:
323:
2440:"Enhanced Oil Recovery using Carbon Dioxide in the European Energy System"
948:= barrel of oil. A sample calculation for the reserve/production ratio is
403:
3425:
3301:
2679:
1807:
1554:
3017:
3465:
3460:
3207:
2938:, including many charts and graphs on the world's energy supply and use
1586:
1522:
1389:
943:
749:
741:
733:
295:
3470:
3455:
3440:
3420:
1855:
1790:
1458:
1426:
1069:
640:
351:
307:
1750:
10 m) is almost one hundred billion over any realistic assay."
1642:(in years), calculated as reserves / annual production. (from above)
764:
of the remaining lease, valued for this oil well at $ 1.089 million
3435:
3415:
2983:
2661:
1899:
748:
did not produce a full tank, and thus was not worth a visit from a
745:
636:
486:
824:
3309:
1870:
1549:
1357:
370:
2772:
2600:
WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2005:Middle East and North Africa Insights
1581:
1517:
1293:
1229:
1133:
537:
490:
481:
359:
321:, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called
3394:
1453:
1421:
1325:
2723:"Venezuela Oil Reserves Surpassed Saudi Arabia In 2010-OPEC"
2279:
Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering
660:
Example of a production decline curve for an individual well
656:
3379:
2952:
2936:
Energy Supply page on the Global Education Project web site
1836:
1197:
1165:
347:
2680:"Oil reserves over-inflated by 300bn barrels – al-Huseini"
2544:
10 m) of oil sands reserves. Information collated by
2909:. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). June 2013
2812:"USGS: 25% Arctic oil, gas estimate a reporter's mistake"
2773:
United States Geological Survey, (USGS) (July 27, 2008).
765:
2183:"Glossary of Terms Used in Petroleum Reserves/Resources"
2021:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from
1021:
Most of the world's oil reserves are in the Middle East.
999:{\displaystyle (296.5\times 1000)/(2.1\times 365)=386.8}
1830:
1663:
2606:. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. 2005. pp. 125–126.
2391:. U.S. Department of Energy. June 2008. Archived from
2208:
1961:
1854:
published a global inventory of estimated recoverable
664:
The amount of oil in a subsurface reservoir is called
54:
2016:"The Intricate Puzzle of Oil and Gas Reserves Growth"
954:
1866:
493:, which has the world's third largest oil reserves.
3385:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
3331:The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
2013:
998:
714:
2623:. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly. January 30, 2006
134:
3483:
3068:Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
1937:List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
793:
2703:. ASPO-USA's Peak Oil Review. February 20, 2006
2209:Wright, Charlotte J.; Rebecca A Gallun (2008).
1775:
543:
373:of the subsurface cannot be examined directly,
2845:
2520:"World Proved Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas"
2281:. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 5–6.
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
1794:Location of Arctic Basins assessed by the USGS
438:reserves are those reserves claimed to have a
2968:
2621:"Oil Reserves Accounting: The Case Of Kuwait"
2490:
885:The table in this section presently presents
573:resources are greater than conventional ones.
531:
449:Proven reserves are further subdivided into "
2615:
2613:
2522:. US Energy Information Administration. 2007
1956:Petroleum reserves and resources definitions
1843:, in Venezuela, to 513 billion barrels (8.16
1728: m) of the world's 1,200 Gbbl (190
587:American Association of Petroleum Geologists
3338:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
2896:
2814:. Vol. Vol. 12, No. 42. Petroleum News
2809:
2445:. European Commission Joint Research Center
2314:
2168:
2009:
2007:
701:
2975:
2961:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2437:
2247:. PennWell Corporation. pp. 431–449.
2213:(5 ed.). PenWell Books. p. 750.
1026:Summary of Proven Reserve Data as of 2012
827:. Please do not remove this message until
2693:
2610:
2491:Green, Don W.; Willhite, G. Paul (1998),
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2204:
2202:
916:Learn how and when to remove this message
847:Learn how and when to remove this message
2748:"OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves"
2315:Alboudwarej; et al. (Summer 2006).
2211:Fundamentals of Oil & Gas Accounting
2004:
1789:
1770:
1674:
1662:
1016:
1008:
938:List of countries by proven oil reserves
927:
823:Relevant discussion may be found on the
718:
655:
651:
576:
565:
528:" (proven plus probable plus possible).
480:
402:
317:The total estimated amount of oil in an
294:
2794:
2672:
2659:
2578:
2385:"Defining the Limits of Oil Production"
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2127:"Petroleum Resources Management System"
1998:"OPEC Share of World Oil Reserves 2010"
3484:
2720:
2660:Maugeri, Leonardo (January 23, 2006).
2261:
2199:
2188:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2005
2157:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 1997
2129:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2007
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
1992:
1990:
1932:World energy resources and consumption
1852:U.S. Energy Information Administration
3365:International Renewable Energy Agency
2956:
2942:Oil reserves (most recent) by country
2558:EIA - International Energy Statistics
2276:
2155:Petroleum Resources Management System
2949:BP Statistical Review of Energy 2013
2640:
2242:
2227:
1831:Unconventional prospective resources
858:
797:
679:
476:
384:
185:
80:
46:
3043:Global energy crisis (2021–present)
2797:"Oil Survey Says Arctic Has Riches"
2431:
2110:
1987:
1890:Global strategic petroleum reserves
1782:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
1013:Countries with largest oil reserves
550:global strategic petroleum reserves
392:
192:
181:
167:
150:
143:
130:
99:
87:
13:
3088:Renewable energy commercialization
2947:Statistical Review of World Energy
780:
466:Securities and Exchange Commission
424:
398:
299:A map of world oil reserves, 2013.
290:
288:Revision as of 08:42, 25 June 2019
153:Revision as of 08:42, 25 June 2019
90:Revision as of 07:51, 21 June 2019
35:
3508:
3008:Predicting the timing of peak oil
2924:
2643:"How much oil do we really have?"
2575:, 8 May 2009. Retrieved Mar 2014.
2389:International Energy Outlook 2008
2322:. Oilfield Review. Archived from
1658:
556:Energy Information Administration
333:petroleum extraction technologies
292:proven oil reserves in the ground
3268:A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash
3016:
2931:OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin
2810:Alan Bailey (October 21, 2007).
2701:"On Middle Eastern Oil Reserves"
2662:"The Saudis May Have Enough Oil"
2301:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
2148:"Petroleum Reserves Definitions"
1954:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
1869:
1742:, a former senior expert of the
1580:
1548:
1516:
1484:
1452:
1420:
1388:
1356:
1324:
1292:
1260:
1228:
1196:
1164:
1132:
1100:
1068:
863:
802:
2803:
2788:
2766:
2740:
2721:Faucon, Benoit (18 July 2011).
2714:
2653:
2634:
2562:
2550:
2533:
2512:
2484:
2377:
2308:
2295:
1715:10 m) during this period.
1672:external reporting standards.
1611:Total of top seventeen reserves
715:Production decline curve method
617:United States Geological Survey
2795:MOUAWAD, JAD (July 24, 2008).
2497:Society of Petroleum Engineers
2476:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
2140:
2097:
2076:
1948:
1679:Oil reserves of OPEC 1980–2005
987:
975:
967:
955:
893:, according to SPE definition.
415:Society of Petroleum Engineers
362:(13% of global reserves), and
135:→Arctic prospective resources
1:
3370:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
2641:Adam, Porter (15 July 2005).
1942:
1752:Petroleum Intelligence Weekly
794:Estimated reserves by country
286:
244:
236:
2982:
1839:updated the quantity of the
1776:Arctic prospective resources
1744:National Iranian Oil Company
561:
544:Strategic petroleum reserves
464:were the only type the U.S.
18:Browse history interactively
7:
3360:International Energy Agency
2014:David F. Morehouse (1997).
1910:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
1862:
1640:Reserve to Production ratio
1626:
1602:
1570:
1538:
1506:
1474:
1442:
1410:
1378:
1346:
1314:
1282:
1250:
1218:
1186:
1154:
1122:
1090:
883:. The specific problem is:
829:conditions to do so are met
724:Decline curve generated by
10:
3513:
2569:How Much Oil Have We Used?
2277:Lyons, William C. (2005).
1821:East Greenland Rift Basins
1779:
935:
683:
547:
532:Russian reserve categories
517:" (proven plus probable).
428:
358:(18% of global reserves),
354:(20% of global reserves),
183:
132:
3408:
3347:
3259:
3192:
3111:
3025:
3014:
2990:
1969:"Oil reserve definitions"
1631:
1057:Reserve/ Production Ratio
460:Until December 2009 "1P"
329:reservoir characteristics
281:=== Unproven reserves ===
274:=== Unproven reserves ===
203:
200:
149:
86:
2317:"Highlighting Heavy Oil"
2243:Hyne, Norman J. (2001).
2086:. moneyterms.co.uk. 2008
1958:, accessed 24 Feb. 2017.
1786:Arctic methane emissions
758:discounted present value
708:materials balance method
702:Materials balance method
139:Arctic methane emissions
119:Extended confirmed users
686:Extraction of petroleum
419:World Petroleum Council
85:
3250:Twilight in the Desert
2886:|name-list-style=
2882:|last-author-amp=
2465:Cite journal requires
2349:Cite journal requires
2303:SPE Reserves Committee
2107:, 2011, Harper Collins
2048:Cite journal requires
1885:Decline curve analysis
1795:
1680:
1668:
1022:
1014:
1000:
933:
769:
726:decline curve analysis
661:
582:
574:
494:
470:national oil companies
409:
327:. However, because of
300:
3390:Post Carbon Institute
3154:James Howard Kunstler
3119:Albert Allen Bartlett
2998:Fossil fuel phase-out
2493:Enhanced Oil Recovery
2084:"Proven Oil Reserves"
1916:Energy and resources:
1835:In October 2009, the
1793:
1771:Prospective resources
1678:
1666:
1020:
1012:
1001:
931:
760:of 10%, which is the
722:
684:Further information:
659:
652:Estimation techniques
595:prospective resources
580:
569:
484:
406:
306:denote the amount of
298:
3324:PetroApocalypse Now?
3296:Escape from Suburbia
3201:The Limits to Growth
2105:Leah McGrath Goodman
1740:Ali Samsam Bakhtiari
1267:United Arab Emirates
952:
898:improve this section
879:to meet Knowledge's
774:decline curve method
591:contingent resources
440:reasonable certainty
251:.this is really true
3289:The End of Suburbia
3169:Dale Allen Pfeiffer
3129:Kenneth S. Deffeyes
3038:2000s energy crisis
3033:1970s energy crisis
3003:Hubbert peak theory
2438:E. Tzimas, (2005).
1825:East Barents Basins
1027:
816:of this section is
375:indirect techniques
346:Based on data from
331:and limitations in
3355:Energy Watch Group
3222:The Long Emergency
3139:John Michael Greer
2880:Unknown parameter
2682:. October 30, 2007
2415:Unknown parameter
2361:Unknown parameter
2060:Unknown parameter
1905:Petroleum Industry
1796:
1681:
1669:
1025:
1023:
1015:
996:
934:
770:
752:. The upper right
695:Volumetric methods
662:
646:unconventional oil
583:
575:
571:Unconventional oil
495:
455:proven undeveloped
410:
301:
165:
97:
3479:
3478:
3260:Documentary films
3174:Richard Rainwater
3124:Colin J. Campbell
3053:Export Land Model
3026:Results/responses
2799:. New York Times.
2421:|url-status=
2367:|url-status=
2220:978-1-59370-137-6
2066:|url-status=
2028:on August 6, 2010
1850:In June 2013 the
1841:Orinoco tar sands
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
926:
925:
918:
881:quality standards
872:This section may
857:
856:
849:
723:
680:Volumetric method
477:Unproven reserves
285:
186:→Proven reserves
151:
88:
68:
3504:
3236:The Party's Over
3144:Richard Heinberg
3020:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2954:
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2849:
2843:
2842:
2837:has extra text (
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2206:
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2179:
2166:
2165:
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2162:
2152:
2144:
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2134:
2123:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1922:Petro-aggression
1879:
1874:
1873:
1846:
1805:
1801:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1723:
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1105:
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1073:
1072:
1028:
1024:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
974:
921:
914:
910:
907:
901:
867:
866:
859:
852:
845:
841:
838:
832:
806:
805:
798:
451:proven developed
408:recoverable oil.
393:unaudited claims
379:new technologies
190:
189:
188:
179:
164:
159:
141:
140:
138:
125:
115:
96:
69:
60:
59:
57:
52:
50:
42:
39:
21:
19:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3404:
3400:Transition town
3343:
3255:
3188:
3184:Matthew Simmons
3179:Michael Ruppert
3149:M. King Hubbert
3134:David Goodstein
3107:
3093:Rimini protocol
3021:
3012:
2986:
2981:
2927:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2906:
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2897:
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2746:
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2538:
2534:
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2507:
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2455:
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2448:
2446:
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2436:
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2420:
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2405:
2404:
2398:
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2360:
2350:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2275:
2262:
2255:
2241:
2228:
2221:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1927:Energy security
1895:Oil exploration
1875:
1868:
1865:
1844:
1833:
1803:
1799:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1757:
1755:
1747:
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1712:
1708:
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1387:
1355:
1323:
1291:
1259:
1227:
1195:
1163:
1131:
1099:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1006:for Venezuela.
970:
953:
950:
949:
940:
922:
911:
905:
902:
895:
868:
864:
853:
842:
836:
833:
822:
807:
803:
796:
783:
781:Reserves growth
717:
704:
692:
682:
673:recovery factor
654:
633:extra heavy oil
619:uses the terms
564:
552:
546:
534:
479:
462:proven reserves
433:
431:proven reserves
427:
425:Proven reserves
421:(WPC) in 1997.
401:
399:Classifications
385:reserves growth
341:recovery factor
293:
282:
275:
266:
261:
254:
252:
242:
232:
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3367:
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3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3317:The Oil Factor
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
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3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3215:The End of Oil
3211:
3204:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3164:Jeremy Leggett
3161:
3159:Jean Laherrère
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
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3106:
3105:
3103:Swing producer
3100:
3095:
3090:
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2926:
2925:External links
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2506:978-1555630775
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2467:|journal=
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1817:Amerasia Basin
1806:10 m) of
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1667:OPEC countries
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1659:OPEC countries
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788:reserve growth
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563:
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548:Main article:
545:
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429:Main article:
426:
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417:(SPE) and the
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3117:
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3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Simple living
3096:
3094:
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3084:
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3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Hirsch report
3061:
3059:
3058:Food vs. fuel
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Energy crisis
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3006:
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2835:|volume=
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2573:Science Daily
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2426:
2409:
2395:on 2008-09-24
2394:
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2329:on 2008-05-27
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2100:
2085:
2079:
2071:
2055:
2042:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2008:
2000:. OPEC. 2011.
1999:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1951:
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1877:Energy portal
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1813:Arctic Alaska
1809:
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978:
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906:February 2017
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763:
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735:
731:
730:oil depletion
727:
721:
712:
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699:
696:
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677:
675:
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319:oil reservoir
315:
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312:oil resources
309:
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163:
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136:
120:
113:
109:
104:
95:
91:
73:
58:
51:
41:Content added
33:
30:
20:
3492:Oil reserves
3375:The Oil Drum
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3302:
3294:
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3281:
3274:
3266:
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3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3083:Price of oil
3078:Pickens Plan
3073:Permaculture
2911:. Retrieved
2898:
2888:suggested) (
2861:. Retrieved
2847:
2816:. Retrieved
2805:
2790:
2779:. Retrieved
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2751:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2727:Fox Business
2726:
2716:
2705:. Retrieved
2695:
2684:. Retrieved
2674:
2665:
2655:
2646:
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2599:
2564:
2552:
2535:
2524:. Retrieved
2514:
2492:
2486:
2458:cite journal
2447:. Retrieved
2433:
2423:suggested) (
2397:. Retrieved
2393:the original
2388:
2379:
2369:suggested) (
2342:cite journal
2331:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2310:
2297:
2278:
2244:
2210:
2190:. Retrieved
2159:. Retrieved
2154:
2142:
2131:. Retrieved
2103:The Asylum,
2099:
2088:. Retrieved
2078:
2068:suggested) (
2041:cite journal
2030:. Retrieved
2023:the original
1977:. Retrieved
1972:
1963:
1950:
1915:
1914:
1849:
1847:10 m).
1834:
1797:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1735:
1725:
1717:
1704:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1670:
1654:
1646:
1633:
1610:
1107:Saudi Arabia
944:
941:
912:
903:
896:Please help
890:
889:rather than
886:
884:
873:
843:
834:
812:
787:
784:
773:
771:
762:future value
754:legend (map)
707:
705:
694:
693:
690:Oil in place
671:
667:oil in place
665:
663:
630:
625:economically
624:
620:
614:
610:undiscovered
609:
607:
601:
599:
594:
590:
584:
553:
535:
525:
520:
519:
514:
509:
508:
503:
499:
496:
459:
454:
453:" (PD) and "
450:
448:
443:
439:
435:
434:
411:
390:
383:
369:Because the
368:
356:Saudi Arabia
345:
340:
336:
324:oil in place
322:
316:
311:
304:Oil reserves
303:
302:
3409:Other peaks
2991:Core issues
1808:natural gas
900:if you can.
742:Oil barrels
621:technically
194:Next edit →
32:Next edit →
3486:Categories
3451:Phosphorus
3243:Power Down
3229:Out of Gas
3208:Beyond Oil
2863:23 January
2818:2008-07-24
2781:2008-08-12
2707:2008-08-20
2686:2008-08-23
2627:2008-08-23
2526:2008-08-19
2449:2008-08-23
2399:2008-11-22
2333:2008-05-24
2192:2008-04-20
2161:2008-04-20
2133:2008-04-20
2090:2008-04-17
2032:2014-08-19
1979:4 December
1943:References
1819:, and the
1811:provinces—
1780:See also:
1395:Kazakhstan
1052:Production
1047:Production
936:See also:
814:neutrality
750:tank truck
2884:ignored (
2827:cite news
2419:ignored (
2365:ignored (
2064:ignored (
1856:tight oil
1615:1,540.43
1075:Venezuela
1049:10 bbl/d
982:×
962:×
942:The unit
887:resources
825:talk page
641:oil shale
562:Resources
352:Venezuela
308:crude oil
3497:Peak oil
3446:Minerals
3275:Collapse
2984:Peak oil
2913:June 11,
2873:cite web
2666:Newsweek
2647:BBC News
2408:cite web
1900:Peak oil
1863:See also
1618:244.909
1042:Reserves
1037:Reserves
1034:Country
891:reserves
874:require
837:May 2015
818:disputed
746:oil well
637:oil sand
521:Possible
510:Probable
504:possible
500:probable
487:oil well
337:reserves
204:Line 72:
201:Line 72:
112:contribs
56:Wikitext
3310:GasHole
2758:June 3,
2732:18 July
1555:Algeria
1363:Nigeria
1306:12.719
1274:15.549
1242:16.137
1239:101.50
1210:22.751
1207:143.10
1178:24.039
1175:151.20
1146:27.823
1143:175.00
1114:42.195
1111:265.40
1082:47.140
1079:296.50
1054:10 m/d
1039:10 bbl
876:cleanup
371:geology
124:111,650
3426:Copper
3112:People
2859:. USGS
2777:. USGS
2754:. 2010
2503:
2285:
2251:
2217:
1973:bp.com
1815:, the
1634:Notes:
1624:9,460
1594:2.099
1591:13.20
1587:Brazil
1562:2.134
1559:13.42
1530:2.146
1527:13.50
1523:Angola
1504:1,110
1498:3.975
1495:25.00
1466:4.038
1463:25.40
1434:4.040
1431:25.41
1402:4.770
1399:30.00
1370:5.883
1367:37.00
1338:7.472
1335:47.00
1312:1,590
1303:80.00
1299:Russia
1271:97.80
1235:Kuwait
1139:Canada
1120:1,410
1059:years
639:, and
538:Russia
491:Canada
436:Proven
366:(9%).
360:Canada
67:Inline
49:Visual
3466:Wheat
3461:Water
3395:REN21
3282:Crude
3193:Books
2907:(PDF)
2857:(PDF)
2604:(PDF)
2443:(PDF)
2327:(PDF)
2320:(PDF)
2186:(PDF)
2151:(PDF)
2026:(PDF)
2019:(PDF)
1621:59.5
1459:China
1427:Qatar
1331:Libya
1309:10.0
1044:10 m
994:386.8
959:296.5
602:known
126:edits
3471:Wood
3456:Soil
3441:Gold
3431:Food
3421:Coal
3380:OPEC
3303:Fuel
2915:2013
2890:help
2865:2010
2839:help
2760:2012
2752:OPEC
2734:2011
2501:ISBN
2478:link
2471:help
2425:help
2371:help
2355:help
2283:ISBN
2249:ISBN
2215:ISBN
2070:help
2054:help
1981:2013
1975:. BP
1837:USGS
1784:and
1600:330
1597:2.1
1568:270
1565:1.7
1536:300
1533:1.9
1501:7.0
1472:650
1469:4.1
1440:170
1437:1.1
1408:240
1405:1.5
1376:400
1373:2.5
1344:270
1341:1.7
1280:380
1277:2.4
1248:370
1245:2.3
1219:115
1216:540
1213:3.4
1203:Iraq
1187:101
1184:650
1181:4.1
1171:Iran
1155:178
1152:430
1149:2.7
1117:8.9
1091:387
1088:330
1085:2.1
965:1000
811:The
772:The
706:The
688:and
623:and
615:The
593:and
502:and
364:Iran
348:OPEC
176:talk
162:undo
157:edit
108:talk
94:edit
3436:Gas
3416:Car
2546:EIA
1627:71
1603:17
1576:17
1571:15
1544:16
1539:19
1512:15
1507:10
1480:14
1475:17
1448:13
1416:12
1411:55
1384:11
1379:41
1352:10
1347:76
1315:15
1283:18
1251:27
1123:82
985:365
979:2.1
945:bbl
766:USD
738:BBL
734:MCF
536:In
489:in
485:An
446:".
102:Kku
3488::
2877::
2875:}}
2871:{{
2831::
2829:}}
2825:{{
2750:.
2725:.
2664:.
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2043:}}
2039:{{
2006:^
1989:^
1971:.
1758:10
1732:10
1722:10
1701:10
1691:10
1638:1
1443:5
1320:9
1288:8
1256:7
1224:6
1192:5
1160:4
1128:3
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1064:1
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635:,
597:.
526:3P
515:2P
506:.
444:1P
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2892:)
2867:.
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2821:.
2784:.
2762:.
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2649:.
2630:.
2542:×
2529:.
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2473:)
2469:(
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2427:)
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2353:(
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2291:.
2257:.
2223:.
2195:.
2164:.
2136:.
2093:.
2072:)
2056:)
2052:(
2035:.
1983:.
1845:×
1804:×
1800:×
1762:^
1756:×
1748:×
1736:^
1730:×
1726:^
1720:×
1713:×
1709:×
1705:^
1699:×
1695:^
1689:×
991:=
988:)
976:(
972:/
968:)
956:(
919:)
913:(
908:)
904:(
850:)
844:(
839:)
835:(
831:.
821:.
768:.
740:(
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253:.
178:)
174:(
114:)
106:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
