116:
509:, Pakistan. A reconnaissance survey of the area recorded only 181 fatalities, attributing higher figures to heavy snow cover in the affected districts which hindered accessibility and lead to confusion and an overestimate by officials. People were killed in their sleep due to the earthquake occurring early in the morning. The high death toll was attributed to the collapse of poorly-constructed homes when its residents were asleep. Additionally, three people died from heart attacks in the
123:
568:
were not immediately accessible due to snow cover. Local residents conducted their own immediate rescue efforts. They also used their personal funds to provide food and shelter for the displaced. The districts of Swat and Buner were the first to be supplied with aid, more than 24 hours after the earthquake. Rescue works were further hampered by poor weather conditions in remote areas.
600:
provided blankets, shelters and medical supplies. The governments of Japan, Saudi Arabia and United
Kingdom made large contributions of these items which were in shortage during the immediate disaster aftermath. Monetary support also came from the governments of Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands and United States, and the
599:
reported on 3 February; the
Pakistan government supplied blankets, shelter and medicine. To facilitate relief and rescue efforts, the government formed provincial-level emergency parties which provided details about the damage and casualties. Some non-governmental organisations and state governments
539:
said that at least ten people experienced heart attacks. Homes were also destroyed up to 644 km (400 mi) from the epicenter. Landslides, damage to communications, power, transportation, and some residential infrastructure occured in
Tajikistan. The shaking was also felt in parts of central
355:
A concentration of intermediate-depth earthquakes have been observed beneath the Hindu Kush region around the
Afghanistan-Pakistan-Tajikistan border region. Earthquakes with magnitude exceeding 7.0 have been frequently observed, such as ten events recorded between 1900 and 1950, and 1983, 1993, 2002
567:
In the immediate aftermath, many local governments were financially incapable of providing support. State funding was also not readily available as the earthquake occurred during a bank holiday. District and dividion officials maintained contact, however, the districts of
Chitral, Dir and Kohistan
535:. At least 5,187 homes were razed while nearly 80,000 sustained damage. Several villages were totally buried under landslides, and some 300 homes in the mountainous village of Arandu were destroyed. Most homes in the area were constructed of straw and mud, which were razed. Doctors in
347:$ 26 million. In Pakistan, 5,100 homes were destroyed and another 79,900 were damaged in Pakistan. Landslides were reported, some reportedly wiped out entire villages. Over 500 people died in Afghanistan. In present-day Tajikistan, three people died of heart attacks.
497:, at least 545 people died in Afghanistan, while the state government issued a press release citing 1,000 deaths which was unconfirmed. The earthquake also killed 300 people and left 574 injured in the areas of
596:
551:
construction in the city sustained non-structural damage. Older homes sustained particular destruction. An 18 m (59 ft) tall minaret of the city mosque collapsed. Ninety percent of
1723:
828:. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
88:
1161:
494:
84:
1526:
559:, windows rattled for a minute, causing panic among inhabitants. Older and poorly-constructed homes Islamabad and Lahore areas also sustained damage.
531:
In
Pakistan, damage was mainly concentrated near the border with Afghanistan, in a remote tribal region, and ninety percent of reported damage was in
1971:
1323:
384:
7.0+ earthquakes. He explained that the subducted slab is vertically plunging into the Earth's deeper interior, causing it to stretch and eventually
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homes were damaged. In Ayun, there were many landslides. Most of its kutcha housing was damaged, and many Afghan refugee shelters were affected. In
552:
228:
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336:). The reverse-faulting earthquake occurred in a seismically active region associated with faulting within a deforming oceanic plate at depth.
1020:
1733:
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1966:
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estimated an annual slip rate of 9.6 cm (3.8 in) on the fault to explain the ten to fifteen year recurrence intervals of M
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800:"Site investigation after Hindu Kush earthquake on February 1, 1991 and its evaluation to earthquake resistant structures"
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A temporary dwelling common in rural areas constructed of leaves, mud, wood, stones, thatch and unburnt bricks.
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severely affected
Afghanistan, Pakistan and the USSR (present-day Tajikistan) on 1 February. It was an
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served as a storage area for supplies before they were distributed across the affected locales.
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343:. Hundreds of deaths were reported in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and damage was estimated at
1798:
1738:
679:
344:
8:
1813:
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1194:
368:. These earthquakes originated from a deep fault within the stretching oceanic slab that
53:
683:
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6.8 and struck at a depth of 143.2 km (89.0 mi). Its epicenter was located in
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area, Tajikistan. The total damage in
Afghanistan and Pakistan was estimated at
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373:
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921:"Reconnaissance report of Pakistan-Afghanistan earthquake on February 1, 1991"
1920:
1139:
864:
442:
263:
243:
230:
1504:
928:
International
Symposium on Natural Disaster Reduction and Civil Engineering
759:
732:
572:
525:
1301:
998:
691:
668:"Recurring large deep earthquakes in Hindu Kush driven by a sinking slab"
548:
425:
1622:
895:"Afghanistan/Pakistan Earthquake Feb 1991 UNDRO Situation Reports 1 - 6"
714:
547:, 145–150 km (90–93 mi) from the epicenter, twenty percent of
321:
317:
833:
556:
369:
897:. ReliefWeb. UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs. 1 February 1991
605:
506:
449:, 145–160 km (90–99 mi) from the epicenter, the assigned
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502:
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356:
and 2015. Their high frequency was described by seismologists
469:), while Mardan Division registered intensities of VII–VIII (
458:
413:
388:. This process results in the high seismicity of the region.
716:
ISC-GEM Global
Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018)
340:
798:
Fatima, Maliha; Yamazaki, Fumio; Konagai, Kazuo (1992).
445:
located in various places around the dam. Damage in and
339:
The shaking was felt across parts of South Asia and the
324:
mountains in Afghanistan. The shock measured 6.8 on the
655:
860:"Rescuers search for survivors of Pakistan earthquake"
918:
797:
1127:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
524:
million, respectively. Large landslides occurred in
273:
Afghanistan, Pakistan, USSR (present-day Tajikistan)
122:
91:| Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
591:840) for each deceased individual and Rs 25,000 (
1918:
981:"Kutcha House: Meaning, Types & Advantages"
595:1050) per family for reconstructing homes. The
59:
1169:
1132:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
919:Maliha, F.; Yamazaki, F.; Konagai, K. (1991).
738:"M 6.9 - 77 km NW of P?r?n, Afghanistan 1991"
424:. Over 330 km (210 mi) away, at the
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597:United Nations Disaster Relief Organization
60:Revision as of 06:42, 17 September 2024 by
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528:and Kohistan, and 5,302 cattle perished.
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364:as "abnormal" in their 1954 publication;
320:143.2 km (89.0 mi) beneath the
200:
1972:February 1991 events in the Soviet Union
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47:
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412:, 78 km (48 mi) northwest of
14:
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949:"Quake Kills at Least 109 in Pakistan"
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826:"Significant Earthquake Information"
575:visited the devastated districts of
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583:where he pledged the allocation of
441:were recorded by six of its eleven
97:
82:
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756:International Seismological Centre
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748:
721:International Seismological Centre
618:List of earthquakes in Afghanistan
98:
1983:
372:beneath the region. Seismologist
52:. The present address (URL) is a
1967:February 1991 events in Pakistan
121:
114:
983:. Times Property. 28 April 2022
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635:
623:List of earthquakes in Pakistan
278:
13:
1:
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1932:February 1991 events in Asia
672:Geophysical Research Letters
562:
540:Asia, India and Uzbekistan.
218:143.2 km (89.0 mi)
7:
764:. Thatcham, United Kingdom.
611:
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
1988:
1937:Earthquakes in Afghanistan
1171:Earthquakes in Afghanistan
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571:On 2 February, Pakistan's
473:). In Peshawar, Kohat and
465:experienced intensity IX (
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310:1991 Hindu Kush earthquake
106:1991 Hindu Kush earthquake
1947:Earthquakes in Tajikistan
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744:. U.S. Geological Survey.
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475:Dera Ismail Khan Division
420:solution corresponded to
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100:Earthquake in Afghanistan
1885:2017 Komandorski Islands
1474:December 2015 Hindu Kush
1261:December 2015 Hindu Kush
396:The earthquake measured
45:06:42, 17 September 2024
1942:Earthquakes in Pakistan
1729:February 1923 Kamchatka
1469:October 2015 Hindu Kush
1333:Earthquakes in Pakistan
1256:October 2015 Hindu Kush
366:Seismicity of the Earth
78:(Add good article icon)
49:(Add good article icon)
1906:Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
326:moment magnitude scale
1901:Kamchatka earthquakes
1654:Earthquakes in Russia
742:Comprehensive Catalog
1739:1926 Kars earthquake
1734:April 1923 Kamchatka
692:10.1002/2016GL069603
430:ground accelerations
1952:1991 in Afghanistan
1774:1952 Severo-Kurilsk
1597:2011 Fergana Valley
1033:Earthquakes in 1991
684:2016GeoRL..43.7433Z
602:Kuwait Red Crescent
240: /
141:1991-01-31 23:03:33
107:
89:← Previous revision
1962:1991 in Tajikistan
1870:2007 Kuril Islands
1865:2006 Kuril Islands
1829:1994 Kuril Islands
1784:1963 Kuril Islands
1724:1918 Kuril Islands
1115:(4.7, November 22)
761:Event Bibliography
471:Very Strong–Severe
451:Mercalli intensity
330:Mercalli intensity
328:and had a maximum
316:earthquake with a
314:intermediate-depth
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1479:2019 Azad Kashmir
1383:1981 Darel Valley
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961:. 2 February 1991
954:Los Angeles Times
872:. 3 February 1991
678:(14): 7433–7441.
533:Malakand Division
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244:35.911°N 70.478°E
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1957:1991 in Pakistan
1927:1991 earthquakes
1894:Related articles
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1459:2014 Pakistan
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1058:(7.1, Apr 5)
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1848:21st century
1818:
1759:1946 Chatkal
1744:1927 Crimean
1709:1907 Qaratog
1697:20th century
1581:
1547:1907 Qaratog
1449:2013 Laghman
1444:2013 Saravan
1424:2005 Kashmir
1412:21st century
1392:
1361:20th century
1352:1885 Kashmir
1347:1555 Kashmir
1271:January 2022
1251:2013 Laghman
1236:October 2009
1219:21st century
1199:
1185:1956 Baghlan
1178:20th century
1129:
1124:
1107:
1104:
1091:(6.7, Jul 5)
1083:Sierra Madre
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
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987:17 September
985:. Retrieved
975:
963:. Retrieved
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874:. Retrieved
863:
837:. Retrieved
806:
760:
750:
741:
728:
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713:ISC (2022),
708:
675:
671:
664:Kanamori, H.
657:
637:
570:
566:
542:
530:
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478:
470:
466:
454:
436:
432:of 0.08–0.11
395:
365:
354:
338:
333:
309:
307:
288:
102:
20:This is the
19:
18:
1688:1889 Chilik
1572:1989 Gissar
1434:2008 Ziarat
1403:1997 Harnai
1378:1974 Pattan
1368:1935 Quetta
839:25 December
426:Tarbela Dam
247: /
149: event
63:ChristieBot
28:ChristieBot
1921:Categories
1855:2003 Altai
1824:1991 Racha
1769:1949 Khait
1719:1911 Sarez
1714:1911 Kebin
1683:1887 Verny
1673:1840 Ahora
1661:Historical
1557:1949 Khait
1552:1911 Sarez
1494:March 2023
1398:1992 Kohat
1291:2023 Herat
1231:April 2009
1101:Uttarkashi
1047:Hindu Kush
901:14 October
662:Zhan, Z.;
629:References
392:Earthquake
322:Hindu Kush
318:hypocenter
299:Casualties
235:70°28′41″E
232:35°54′40″N
138: time
1276:June 2022
1095:Guatemala
1056:Alto Mayo
807:Bull. ERA
563:Aftermath
557:Islamabad
457:). Ayun,
386:shear off
370:subducted
281:intensity
223:Epicenter
196:Magnitude
188:04:03:33
183:03:33:33
1210:May 1998
1089:Kalabahi
700:31948667
666:(2016).
612:See also
606:Peshawar
587:20,000 (
507:Peshawar
499:Malakand
73:contribs
38:contribs
965:19 July
930:. JSCE.
876:19 July
680:Bibcode
649:Sources
581:Chitral
545:Chitral
503:Chitral
467:Violent
455:Extreme
453:was X (
380:
351:Geology
334:Extreme
289:Extreme
287:MMI X (
264:Reverse
773:].
771:346020
768:
698:
577:Bajaur
553:kutcha
537:Lahore
522:
519:US$ 10
515:US$ 26
511:Khorog
505:, and
485:Impact
479:Strong
463:Bajaur
447:Arandu
434:
416:. Its
406:
382:
332:of X (
208:
166:ComCat
153:346020
1113:Yemen
1074:Racha
1065:Limon
924:(PDF)
809:(25).
803:(PDF)
696:S2CID
549:pucca
459:Drosh
414:Parun
215:Depth
159:USGS-
1266:2016
1246:2012
1241:2010
989:2024
967:2022
903:2023
878:2022
841:2021
734:ANSS
593:US$
589:US$
579:and
517:and
495:CRED
493:and
491:OFDA
461:and
360:and
341:USSR
308:The
279:Max.
260:Type
161:ANSS
85:diff
69:talk
34:talk
830:doi
688:doi
543:In
526:Dir
210:6.8
190:PST
185:AFT
147:ISC
136:UTC
43:at
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1030:←
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