738:
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software license whatsoever. So if you write a new program, and you have no commitments at all about what license you want to use, saving only that it be a free license, you cannot include GFDL'd text. The GNU FDL, as it stands today, does not meet the Debian Free
Software Guidelines. There are significant problems with the license, as detailed above; and, as such, we cannot accept works licensed under the GNU FDL into our distribution.
36:
565:
the GNU FDL, they must also include a copyright notice and a physical printout of the GNU FDL, which is a significantly large document in itself. Worse, the same is required for the standalone use of just one (for example, Knowledge) image. Several
Wikimedia projects have over the years abandoned the use of GFDL, among them the English Knowledge, which has relicensed the files.
361:, version 1.3 added a time-limited section allowing specific types of websites using the GFDL to additionally offer their work under the CC BY-SA license. These exemptions allow a GFDL-based collaborative project with multiple authors to transition to the CC BY-SA 3.0 license, without first obtaining the permission of every author, if the work satisfies several conditions:
213:, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for "invariant sections") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but, if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100), the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.
554:
By expressing LGPL as just an additional permission on top of GPL we simplify our licensing landscape drastically. It's like for physics getting rid of a force, right? We just unified electro-weak, ok? The grand unified field theory still escapes us until the document licences too are just additional
531:
The goal of invariant sections, ever since the 80s when we first made the GNU Manifesto an invariant section in the Emacs Manual, was to make sure they could not be removed. Specifically, to make sure that distributors of Emacs that also distribute non-free software could not remove the statements of
299:
The license explicitly separates any kind of "Document" from "Secondary
Sections", which may not be integrated with the Document, but exist as front-matter materials or appendices. Secondary sections can contain information regarding the author's or publisher's relationship to the subject matter, but
1228:
It is not possible to borrow text from a GFDL'd manual and incorporate it in any free software program whatsoever. This is not a mere license incompatibility. It's not just that the GFDL is incompatible with this or that free software license: it's that it is fundamentally incompatible with any free
842:
With the transition, the
Knowledge community will now be allowed to import CC-BY-SA text from external sources into articles. If you do this, the origin of the material and its license should be explicitly noted in the edit summary. If the source text is dual- or multi-licensed, it is only necessary
564:
The GNU FDL requires that licensees, when printing a document covered by the license, must also include "this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document". This means that if a licensee prints out a copy of an article whose text is covered under
372:
If external content originally published on a MMC is present on the site, the work must have been licensed under
Version 1.3 of the GNU FDL, or an earlier version but with the "or any later version" declaration, with no cover texts or invariant sections. If it was not originally published on an MMC,
325:
The GFDL is meant as a way to enlist commercial publishers in funding free documentation without surrendering any vital liberty. The 'cover text' feature, and certain other aspects of the license that deal with covers, title page, history, and endorsements, are included to make the license appealing
508:
A GNU FDL work can quickly be encumbered because a new, different title must be given and a list of previous titles must be kept. This could lead to the situation where there are a whole series of title pages, and dedications, in each and every copy of the book if it has a long lineage. These pages
381:
To prevent the clause from being used as a general compatibility measure, the license itself only allowed the change to occur before August 1, 2009. At the release of version 1.3, the FSF stated that all content added before
November 1, 2008, to Knowledge as an example satisfied the conditions. The
307:
Specifically, the authors of prior versions have to be acknowledged and certain "invariant sections" specified by the original author and dealing with his or her relationship to the subject matter may not be changed. If the material is modified, its title has to be changed (unless the prior authors
454:
provided that the invariant section clauses are not used. However, their resolution stated that even without invariant sections, GFDL-licensed software documentation is considered to be "still not free of trouble" by the project, namely because of its incompatibility with the major free software
469:
foundation, an organization devoted to creating manuals for free software, decided to eschew the GFDL in favor of the GPL for its texts in 2007, citing the incompatibility between the two, difficulties in implementing the GFDL, and the fact that the GFDL "does not allow for easy duplication and
1315:
FSF, a Free
Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the Free Software ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. FSF is not Creative Commons:the documentation that FSF handles is an essential
311:
The license also has provisions for the handling of front-cover and back-cover texts of books, as well as for "History", "Acknowledgements", "Dedications" and "Endorsements" sections. These features were added in part to make the license more financially attractive to commercial publishers of
320:
The GFDL requires the ability to "copy and distribute the
Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially" and therefore is incompatible with material that excludes commercial re-use. As mentioned above, the GFDL was designed with commercial publishers in mind, as Stallman
282:
The full text of the license, unmodified invariant sections as defined by the author if any, and any other added warranty disclaimers (such as a general disclaimer alerting readers that the document may not be accurate for example) and copyright notices from previous versions must be
312:
software documentation, some of whom were consulted during the drafting of the GFDL. "Endorsements" sections are intended to be used in official standard documents, where the distribution of modified versions should only be permitted if they are not labeled as that standard anymore.
498:
This means that you cannot publish them under DRM systems to restrict the possessors of the copies. It isn't supposed to refer to use of encryption or file access control on your own copy. I will talk with our lawyer and see if that sentence needs to be
410:, no contributors have ever tried to bring an organization to court due to violation of the GFDL. In the case of Baidu, Knowledge representatives asked the site and its contributors to respect the terms of the licenses and to make proper attributions.
253:(CC BY-SA) license. These changes were implemented on version 1.3 of the license, which includes a new provision allowing certain materials released under the (GFDL) license to be used under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license also.
1119:" on Diff by Erik Moeller on June 30, 2009, "Perhaps the most significant reason to choose CC-BY-SA as our primary content license was to be compatible with many of the other admirable endeavors out there to share and develop free knowledge".
486:
A criticism of this language is that it is too broad, because it applies to private copies made but not distributed. This means that a licensee is not allowed to save document copies "made" in a proprietary file format or using encryption.
248:
and others had produced a proposal supported by both the FSF and
Creative Commons to modify the Free Documentation License in such a fashion as to allow the possibility for the Wikimedia Foundation to migrate the projects to the similar
236:
The GFDL was released in draft form for feedback in September 1999. After revisions, version 1.1 was issued in March 2000, version 1.2 in November 2002, and version 1.3 in November 2008. The current state of the license is version 1.3.
220:, textbooks, other reference and instructional materials, and documentation which often accompanies GNU software. However, it can be used for any text-based work, regardless of subject matter. For example, the free online encyclopedia
545:
in both directions with the GPL—material under the GNU FDL cannot be put into GPL code and GPL code cannot be put into a GNU FDL manual. At the June 22–23, 2006 international GPLv3 conference in Barcelona,
1591:
445:
ethos while it is promoting a license that allows invariant sections to be applied to anything but the license text and attribution. the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19
338:
in some other countries) and does not need to be licensed to fall within the GFDL if such fair use is covered by all potential subsequent uses. One example of such liberal and commercial fair use is
418:
Some critics consider the GFDL a non-free license. Some reasons for this are that the GFDL allows "invariant" text which cannot be modified or removed, and that its prohibition against
1589:
330:
Material that restricts commercial re-use is incompatible with the license and cannot be incorporated into the work. However, incorporating such restricted material may be
1590:
300:
not any subject matter itself. While the Document itself is wholly editable and is essentially covered by a license equivalent to (but mutually incompatible with) the
228:) for much of its text, excluding text that was imported from other sources after the 2009 licensing update that is only available under the Creative Commons license.
660:) – On June 15, 2009, the Section 11 clauses were used to dual-license the content of these wikis under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license and GFDL.
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component of FSF's Free Software, and should be treated as such. In that light, the GFDL isn't consistent with the ethos that FSF has promoted for 19 years.
1102:
225:
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2046:
633:
974:
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that at least one of the licenses is compatible with CC-BY-SA. It is not necessary that external content be dual licensed under the GFDL.
1890:
261:
Material licensed under the current version of the license can be used for any purpose, as long as the use meets certain conditions.
1716:
304:, some of the secondary sections have various restrictions designed primarily to deal with proper attribution to previous authors.
244:
announced that a long period of discussion and negotiation between and amongst the Free Software Foundation, Creative Commons, the
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license in June 2009, and adopted a foundation-wide attribution policy for the use of content from Wikimedia Foundation projects.
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1709:
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482:
You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
882:"FSF Releases New Version of GNU Free Documentation License — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software"
1764:
743:
672:
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travel guides, chose not to use the GFDL from the beginning because it considers it unsuitable for short printed texts.
812:
629:
398:
There have currently been no cases involving the GFDL in a court of law, although its sister license for software, the
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82:
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General Resolution: Why the GNU Free Documentation License is not suitable for Debian main – Amendment Text A
1116:
855:
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923:
2034:
1465:"Transcript of Eben Moglen at the 3rd international GPLv3 conference: LGPL, like merging electronic weak"
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The work must have been produced on a "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (MMC), such as a public
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419:
351:
287:
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permissions on top of GPL. I don't know how we'll ever get there, that's gravity, it's really hard.
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Although the two licenses work on similar copyleft principles, the GFDL is not compatible with the
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49:
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1333:
1825:
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our philosophy, which they might think of doing because those statements criticize their actions.
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172:
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907:
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In 2006, Debian developers voted to consider works licensed under the GFDL to comply with their
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2008:
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20:
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645:
602:
422:(DRM) systems applies to valid usages, like for "private copies made and not distributed".
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358:
245:
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have raised objections. Bruce Perens saw the GFDL even outside the "Free Software ethos":
8:
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1895:
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1055:
Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses: Why don't you use the GPL for manuals?
919:
632:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
1983:
1815:
1810:
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792:
722:
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Those opposed to the GFDL have recommended the use of alternative licenses such as the
2087:
2003:
1910:
1805:
1659:
1165:
607:
1495:"Why the Wikimedia projects should not use GFDL as a stand alone license for images"
2018:
1950:
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hinted that a future version of the GPL could be made suitable for documentation:
1988:
1978:
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1216:"Draft Debian Position Statement about the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL)"
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276:
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1998:
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has been plagiarized and used in violation of the GFDL by other sites, such as
382:
Wikimedia Foundation itself after a public referendum, invoked this process to
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may not be used to control or obstruct distribution or editing of the document.
129:
1583:
Listen to the GFDL (0:23:28) version 1.2, November 2002, (recorded 2005-05-28)
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402:, has been successfully enforced in such a setting. Although the content of
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2013:
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Audio recording of the full text of the GNU Free Documentation License.
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653:
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217:
64:
345:
1945:
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441:"FSF, a Free Software organization, isn't being entirely true to the
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1955:
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757:
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331:
195:
139:
1246:
1243:"Thomas Bushnell dismissed from Hurd project for criticizing GFDL"
1845:
1135:
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198:
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said about the above sentence on the debian-legal mailing list:
1940:
1930:
1905:
669:– the project uses GFDL for articles originally from Knowledge.
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339:
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1800:
617:
111:
35:
1850:
705:
366:
1554:
975:"Some important news from Knowledge to understand clearly"
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to commercial publishers for books whose authors are paid.
16:
Copyleft license primarily for free software documentation
1780:
772:
536:
1616:
FSF guide to the new drafts of documentation licenses
623:
470:
modification", especially for digital documentation.
733:
725:'s BR Bullpen, a free user-contributed baseball wiki
1328:
1326:
1324:
377:
if it were added to an MMC before November 1, 2008.
346:
Compatibility with Creative Commons licensing terms
1293:
1291:
1117:Licensing update rolled out in all Wikimedia wikis
1158:"Baidu May Be Worst Knowledge Copyright Violator"
1131:"BusyBox and the GPL Prevail Again – Updated 4Xs"
2064:
1321:
1069:"Wikimedia community approves license migration"
905:
576:
226:Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License
2047:Free Software Foundation anti-Windows campaigns
1288:
1245:. archive.is. November 19, 2003. Archived from
352:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license
946:
944:
942:
940:
924:gnusenet199909120759.DAA04152@psilocin.gnu.org
908:"New Documentation License—Comments Requested"
1660:
1542:Wikivoyage:Project:Why Wikivoyage isn't GFDL
1297:
509:cannot be removed until the work enters the
315:
1555:"Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications"
937:
124:Yes, with no invariant sections (see below)
19:"GFDL" redirects here. For other uses, see
1667:
1653:
1261:
1213:
1180:
386:content released under the GFDL under the
171:
1049:
1047:
265:All previous authors of the work must be
1440:
1409:
1378:
1268:Nerode, Nathanael (September 24, 2003).
704:The specification documents that define
559:
279:must be licensed under the same license.
251:Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
201:for free documentation, designed by the
1497:. Notablog.notafish.com. April 21, 2005
1379:Stallman, Richard (September 6, 2003).
1187:Nerode, Nathanael (December 10, 2007).
1027:"Why publishers should use the GNU FDL"
906:Richard Stallman (September 12, 1999).
272:All changes to the work must be logged.
240:On December 1, 2007, Knowledge founder
2098:Free and open-source software licenses
2065:
1552:
1515:
1453:from the original on December 8, 2023.
1267:
1186:
1095:"Resolution:Licensing update approval"
1044:
972:
334:under United States copyright law (or
1648:
1516:Corbet, Jonathan (November 5, 2008).
1422:from the original on October 23, 2023
1410:Stallman, Richard (August 23, 2003).
1391:from the original on October 23, 2023
1128:
1066:
1020:
1018:
973:Lessig, Lawrence (December 1, 2007).
523:said about invariant sections on the
503:
294:
1765:GNAT Modified General Public License
1632:Apple's Common Documentation License
1443:"Re: Proposed statement wrt GNU FDL"
1441:Braakman, Richard (April 20, 2003).
1303:"stepping in between Debian and FSF"
1105:from the original on August 2, 2020.
1099:Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki
1024:
856:"WIKIPEDIA MOVES TO CC 4.0 LICENSES"
744:Free and open-source software portal
680:– artist descriptions are under GFDL
673:Free On-line Dictionary of Computing
478:The GNU FDL contains the statement:
1518:"GFDL 1.3: Knowledge's exit permit"
1447:Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal
1416:Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal
1385:Debian Mailing Lists – debian-legal
1270:"Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL"
1235:
1189:"Why You Shouldn't Use the GNU FDL"
537:GPL incompatible in both directions
13:
1571:
1015:
624:List of projects that use the GFDL
77:November 3, 2008 (current version)
14:
2114:
1755:GNU Affero General Public License
1750:GNU Lesser General Public License
1564:
1336:". 2006. (Accessed June 20, 2009)
710:enterprise architecture framework
1605:Problems playing this file? See
1587:
1412:"Re: A possible GFDL compromise"
1381:"Re: A possible GFDL compromise"
1164:. August 6, 2007. Archived from
1129:Jones, Pamela (August 3, 2010).
736:
224:uses the GFDL (coupled with the
34:
1674:
1546:
1535:
1509:
1487:
1471:. June 22, 2006. Archived from
1469:Free Software Foundation Europe
1457:
1434:
1403:
1372:
1339:
1305:. lists.debian.org/debian-legal
1207:
1150:
1122:
1109:
1087:
1060:
452:Debian Free Software Guidelines
357:However, at the request of the
1760:GNU Free Documentation License
1626:Free Software and Free Manuals
1356:. June 6, 2007. Archived from
993:
966:
899:
874:
848:
830:
805:
712:, are released under the GFDL.
393:
184:GNU Free Documentation License
69:Free Software Foundation, Inc.
29:GNU Free Documentation License
1:
977:. Lessig Blog. Archived from
799:
598:FreeBSD Documentation License
577:Other licenses for free works
473:
308:permit to retain the title).
256:
2035:GNU/Linux naming controversy
838:"Knowledge:Licensing update"
413:
7:
1628:, essay by Richard Stallman
1067:Walsh, Jay (May 21, 2009).
1001:"Resolution:License update"
729:
691:(now uses CC BY-SA license)
286:Technical measures such as
10:
2119:
2103:Copyleft software licenses
1733:GNU General Public License
1553:Judson, Thomas W. (2015).
1214:Srivastava, Manoj (2006).
778:Non-commercial educational
627:
569:, a web site dedicated to
400:GNU General Public License
302:GNU General Public License
231:
216:The GFDL was designed for
211:GNU General Public License
18:
2027:
1971:
1773:
1725:
1682:
684:Marxists Internet Archive
583:Creative Commons licenses
420:digital rights management
316:Commercial redistribution
148:
138:
128:
118:
81:
73:
63:
55:
45:
33:
2093:Free Software Foundation
1717:History of free software
1695:Free Software Foundation
1641:, an alternative license
613:Open Publication License
433:, Nathanael Nerode, and
203:Free Software Foundation
50:Free Software Foundation
1637:March 31, 2009, at the
209:. It is similar to the
2083:Software documentation
1576:
1075:. Wikimedia Foundation
1003:. Wikimedia Foundation
588:Design Science License
557:
534:
501:
484:
448:
328:
2078:Free content licenses
1575:
1301:(September 2, 2003).
768:Free software license
644:Most projects of the
560:Burdens when printing
552:
529:
496:
480:
439:
323:
120:Debian FSG compatible
21:GFDL (disambiguation)
1360:on February 28, 2008
1195:on December 10, 2007
718:by Thomas W. Judson.
646:Wikimedia Foundation
634:adding missing items
603:Open Content License
359:Wikimedia Foundation
246:Wikimedia Foundation
2052:Defective by Design
2019:Richard M. Stallman
1025:Stallman, Richard.
981:on October 26, 2011
30:
1984:Benjamin Mako Hill
1621:GFDL official text
1577:
1276:on October 9, 2003
793:Software licensing
723:Baseball-Reference
504:Invariant sections
295:Secondary sections
28:
2060:
2059:
2004:Georg C. F. Greve
1911:GNU Privacy Guard
1738:linking exception
1592:
1475:on August 7, 2011
1168:on April 21, 2016
840:. June 14, 2009.
813:"Knowledge:About"
608:Open Game License
180:
179:
112:see list for more
103:GFDL-1.1-or-later
97:GFDL-1.2-or-later
91:GFDL-1.3-or-later
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1347:"License Change"
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1272:. Archived from
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1249:on July 13, 2012
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809:
746:
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740:
739:
716:Abstract Algebra
663:An Anarchist FAQ
638:reliable sources
593:Free Art license
521:Richard Stallman
492:Richard Stallman
462:or the GNU GPL.
277:derivative works
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1989:Bradley M. Kuhn
1979:Alexandre Oliva
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