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Kingdom of Afghanistan

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Emir Amanullah Khan was keen on modernizing Afghanistan, provoking several uprisings led by his conservative opponents. One such rebellion broke out while he was visiting Europe in 1927. He abdicated in favour of his brother
2046:. This included the Four Point Program in 1951, when Afghanistan and the United States signed an agreement in Kabul to help assist the economic development in the economy, and the construction of a 100 km pipeline from 184: 185: 1829:
to keep their sons out of school. Poorer villagers, on the other hand, were far more educated and it was apparent that education wasn’t “un-Islamic”, leading other villagers to send their sons to school.
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would become the Chief of Staff for the 444th, although he would become a commander a year later. Major Safi would prove to be a suitable leader, as he had undergone training in the British
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on the south. The mountainous and mostly dry country was 652,200 square kilometres (251,830 sq mi). The strange shape and borders of the country, most notably the
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were formed, notably the 242nd Parachute Battalion in 1965 and later, the 444th and the 455th Battalion in 1966 and 1973. All these battalions had airborne capabilities.
1938:. The next month, Zahir Shah abdicated, hoping to avoid a civil war, which officially marked the end of the Kingdom of Afghanistan and the beginning of the Republic. 1825:. Because villagers didn’t know the intention behind the literacy campaign or how it could benefit them, wealthier inhabitants in the valley bribed officials and the 4742: 4918: 1782:
government and sacked Kabul. Afterwards, Nadir's forces apprehended and subsequently executed Kalakāni. Mohammed Nadir reinstated the kingdom, was proclaimed
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jet fighters. A quarter to third of all Afghan officers had trained in the Soviet Union by 1973. It was also under the Kingdom of Afghanistan where the
1841:, Afghanistan remained neutral and pursued a diplomatic policy of non-alignment. Though being neutral in World War II, Afghanistan had relations with 4843: 1677: 1434: 4928: 2697: 2257: 1385: 175: 1794:, whose rule started in 1933 and lasted for 39 years. Zahir Shah, the last King of Afghanistan, was eventually overthrown by his own cousin 3790: 3618: 3533: 3272: 2521: 2116: 4923: 2055: 776: 4868: 1610: 108: 4853: 2687: 1420: 1140: 4863: 3687: 4938: 4908: 4858: 4005: 2672: 1803: 1335: 684: 2468: 4848: 3277: 4057: 3612: 2702: 1588: 1395: 4022: 1365: 213: 4943: 4933: 3242: 2379: 1670: 2042:
The United States and the Soviet Union both invested in neutral Afghanistan's economy to try to gain influence during the
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in October 1929, and went on to revert the reformist path of the last king, Amanullah Khan. He was succeeded by his son,
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After 10 months, Amanullah Khan's Minister of War, Mohammad Nadir, returned from exile in India. His armies ousted the
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In August 1961, Pakistan closed the border with Afghanistan, due to Prime Minister, Daoud Khan's strong stance on
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The country had deposits of talc, mica, silver, lead, beryl, chromite, copper, lapis lazuli, and iron ore.
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on 29 August 1946. In 1947, Afghanistan was the only United Nations member to vote against admitting
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that was built by Soviet technicians and began in 1954. Afghanistan received $ 18,500,000 from the
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On 27 September 1934, during the reign of Zahir Shah, the Kingdom of Afghanistan joined the
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Under Zahir Shah, the government initiated numerous concerted efforts to bring education to
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For these new commando formations, Captain Habibullah led the 242nd after returning from
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The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition
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in 1955. 5 years earlier, in 1950, Afghanistan signed friendship contracts with
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King Zahir Shah's cousin, Daoud Khan, signed a $ 3 million arms deal with the
2009:, approximate 99% of the population. Around 90% of the Muslim population were 4832: 4415: 4180: 4175: 3597: 3455: 3414: 3394: 2850: 2595: 2560: 2059: 1897: 1714: 1523: 1478: 1265: 1245: 1225: 1120: 1050: 886: 836: 637: 321: 313: 228: 215: 62: 3944: 1860:
into the United Nations. This was mostly done because of Kingdom's call for
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to help them purchase U.S. material, equipment, and services for the
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sought relationships with the outside world, most notably with the
1767:, who only ruled for three days before the leader of the rebellion 1731: 1493: 632: 508: 2471:. 30 November 2022. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022 4681: 4636: 4611: 4165: 3874: 3492: 3445: 3384: 3308: 3262: 2946: 2865: 2421:"Afghanistan: Status Of Dari, Pashto Languages A Sensitive Topic" 2006: 1995: 1889: 1877: 1488: 1040: 301: 296: 4763: 4676: 3939: 3839: 3482: 3338: 2900: 2890: 2860: 2361:
V. A. Romodin Yu. V. Gankovsky, M. R. Arunov (1 January 1982).
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visited the capital of Kabul and endorsed the Afghan claims to
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were the official languages, and many Afghans were bilingual.
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The country was made up of various ethnic groups such as the
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in the country. In July 1973, Daoud Khan staged a bloodless
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that was established in 1926 as a successor state to the
2039:, the economy relied greatly on agriculture and mining. 1900:, which are still ongoing between the regimes of the 1806:. It was under the leadership of Zahir Shah that the 2230: 2088:
in 1956. The deal gave the Afghan military imported
2069:, but it re-opened in May after Khan's resignation. 1814:, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. 1708: 168: 137: 46: 1930:while Zahir Shah was not in the country to receive 1725: 69: 4830: 2489:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1916:at the time, worked hard for the development of 1821:, majority of the valley being inhabited by the 2418: 2406:The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch 2207:"Afghanistan Population 1950–2021: MacroTrends" 4919:States and territories disestablished in 1973 3236: 2515: 1802:the centuries-old monarchy and established a 1671: 162: 131: 31: 1888:. Efforts were additionally made to settle 4914:States and territories established in 1926 3243: 3229: 2522: 2508: 1908:. Afghanistan also became a member of the 1678: 1664: 195: 54: 16:Monarchy in Central Asia from 1926 to 1973 582:652,864 km (252,072 sq mi) 4844:Former political entities in Afghanistan 2529: 2469:"«Пожарная команда» Кабула | Warspot.ru" 2107:in the US to Afghanistan, whereas Major 2728: 2656:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war 2056:Export–Import Bank of the United States 4831: 3278:List of current non-sovereign monarchs 2377: 2249: 2123:, Safi worked alongside the "National 2084:and a 32.5 million arms deal with the 1880:, established political contacts with 4929:1973 disestablishments in Afghanistan 3508: 3224: 2503: 2117:Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 1946:The Kingdom of Afghanistan bordered 1718: 55: 2334:"CHAPTER ONE THE AFGHAN COMMUNISTS" 2177: 1699: 685:Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) 163: 132: 32: 13: 4924:1926 establishments in Afghanistan 3273:List of current sovereign monarchs 2274:(Online ed.). United States: 1852:Afghanistan was admitted into the 14: 4955: 4869:Former monarchies of Central Asia 2319: 2255: 2150:European influence in Afghanistan 1845:, but that was severed after the 1742:. It was proclaimed by its first 4854:Former countries in Central Asia 3791:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2403: 2113:Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 1645: 1635: 1634: 739: 689: 664: 182: 151: 107: 91: 4864:Former monarchies of South Asia 3268:Imperial, royal and noble ranks 3067:Opium production in Afghanistan 2461: 2435: 2412: 2397: 2082:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 1981: 520:• Succeeds Afghan emirate 4939:1973 disestablishments in Asia 4909:Neutral states in World War II 4859:Former countries in South Asia 3250: 2371: 2354: 2343: 2294: 2224: 2199: 2171: 2062:valley developmental project. 2035:Like the past and present-day 1902:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1: 4849:Modern history of Afghanistan 2378:Dagres, Holly (7 July 2023). 2231:Niamatullah Ibrahimi (2017). 2165: 2005:The majority of Afghans were 1914:Prime Minister of Afghanistan 1847:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 3283:List of monarchy referendums 2987:Current provincial governors 2841:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 2350:United Nations member states 2160:Afghan Civil War (1928–1929) 1941: 1726: 70: 7: 4944:20th century in Afghanistan 4934:1926 establishments in Asia 2235:. Oxford University Press. 2138: 2075: 1709: 1611:Hindu and Buddhist heritage 1421:Transitional Administration 991:Principality of Chaghaniyan 169: 138: 47: 10: 4960: 3148:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life) 3087:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline 2180:"AFGHANISTAN v. Languages" 2030: 1886:People's Republic of China 1757: 1467:Related historical regions 4695: 4604: 4318: 4081: 4015: 3827: 3818: 3714: 3696: 3628: 3543: 3501: 3433: 3347: 3291: 3258: 3175: 3113: 3104: 3042: 3033: 2942: 2933: 2831: 2779: 2770: 2556:Indus Valley civilisation 2541: 1710:Dǝ Afġānistān Šahi Dawlat 767:Indus Valley civilisation 705: 643: 631: 621: 611: 607: 597: 593: 586: 578: 571: 567: 554: 541: 528: 518: 514: 488: 472: 456: 438: 434: 419: 404: 400: 390: 386: 372: 360: 348: 344: 334: 307: 295: 258: 244: 203: 194: 125: 87: 82: 48:Dǝ Afġānistān Šahi Dawlat 23: 3420:Self-proclaimed monarchy 2784:Administrative divisions 2364:A History of Afghanistan 1906:Islamic Republic of Iran 1286:Principality of Qandahar 3688:Vatican City (Holy See) 2641:Second Anglo-Afghan War 2611:Third Battle of Panipat 2447:Encyclopædia Britannica 2155:List of Sunni dynasties 1752:1973 Afghan coup d'état 328:constitutional monarchy 245:Official languages 4839:Kingdom of Afghanistan 3970:Islands of Refreshment 3400:Legitimacy (political) 2718:Second Islamic Emirate 2651:Kingdom of Afghanistan 2646:Third Anglo-Afghan War 2636:First Anglo-Afghan War 2621:Emirate of Afghanistan 2571:Yabghus of Tokharistan 2367:. Progress Publishers. 2121:Afghan Commando Forces 2098:Afghan Commando Forces 1773:reinstated the Emirate 1740:Emirate of Afghanistan 1727:Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān 1692:Kingdom of Afghanistan 1652:Afghanistan portal 1589:List of heads of state 847:Greco-Bactrian kingdom 672:Emirate of Afghanistan 71:Pādišāhi-yi Afğānistān 25:Kingdom of Afghanistan 3781:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3370:Criticism of monarchy 3360:Abolition of monarchy 2698:First Islamic Emirate 2419:Farangis Najibullah. 1912:in 1961. Daoud Khan, 1701:د افغانستان شاهي دولت 897:Indo-Parthian kingdom 877:Indo-Scythian kingdom 33:د افغانستان شاهي دولت 4904:1970s in Afghanistan 4899:1960s in Afghanistan 4894:1950s in Afghanistan 4889:1940s in Afghanistan 4884:1930s in Afghanistan 4879:1920s in Afghanistan 3613:United Arab Emirates 2804:Environmental issues 2752:Graveyard of empires 2741:Arabs in Afghanistan 2443:"Modern Afghanistan" 2271:Encyclopædia Iranica 2185:Encyclopedia Iranica 2178:Kieffer, Charles M. 1910:Non-Aligned Movement 4809:Trinidad and Tobago 4696:Commonwealth realms 4581:United Baltic Duchy 3724:Antigua and Barbuda 3716:Commonwealth realms 3410:Order of succession 2758:Wars in Afghanistan 2678:Democratic Republic 2423:. Radio Free Europe 2282:on 25 December 2018 2276:Columbia University 1884:and recognised the 1796:Mohammad Daoud Khan 1792:Mohammad Zahir Shah 1788:Mohammad Nadir Shah 1784:King of Afghanistan 1769:Habibullāh Kalakāni 1356:Democratic Republic 482:House of the People 380:Mohammad Zahir Shah 367:Mohammad Nadir Shah 249:Pashto (after 1936) 225: /  3077:Telecommunications 3047:Afghani (currency) 2962:Leadership Council 2746:European influence 2616:Dost Mohammad Khan 2551:Pre-Islamic period 2115:and in the Soviet 1896:disputes over the 1559:Political violence 1366:Tanai coup attempt 1001:Rashidun Caliphate 946:Hephthalite Empire 867:Indo-Greek kingdom 558:Monarchy abolished 4826: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4511:Piedmont-Sardinia 4263:Sip Song Chau Tai 4073:Thirteen Colonies 3814: 3813: 3218: 3217: 3171: 3170: 3100: 3099: 3029: 3028: 2992:Foreign relations 2827: 2826: 2766: 2765: 2601:Siege of Kandahar 2002:and many others. 1958:on the east, and 1950:on the west, the 1918:modern industries 1866:Nikita Khrushchev 1835:League of Nations 1827:Royal Afghan Army 1808:Afghan government 1798:who successfully 1724: 1719:پادشاهی افغانستان 1707: 1688: 1687: 1579:Afghan (ethnonym) 1554:Political history 1458: 1457: 1306:Saqqawist Emirate 1256:Sadozai Sultanate 1209: 1208: 995:7th–8th centuries 964: 963: 817:Macedonian Empire 807:Achaemenid Empire 777:Oxus civilization 713: 712: 701: 700: 697: 696: 677: 676: 449:National Assembly 421:• 1972–1973 406:• 1929–1946 374:• 1933–1973 362:• 1929–1933 350:• 1926–1929 317:absolute monarchy 187: 157: 56:پادشاهی افغانستان 4951: 4750:Irish Free State 4516:Poland–Lithuania 3825: 3824: 3776:Papua New Guinea 3506: 3505: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3222: 3221: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3111: 3110: 3040: 3039: 2940: 2939: 2777: 2776: 2726: 2725: 2713:Islamic Republic 2673:Daoud's Republic 2631:Afghan–Sikh Wars 2626:Battle of Jamrud 2586:Islamic conquest 2566:Greater Khorasan 2524: 2517: 2510: 2501: 2500: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2384:Atlantic Council 2375: 2369: 2368: 2358: 2352: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2330: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2306:www.proquest.com 2298: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2278:. Archived from 2256:Rubin, Barnett. 2253: 2247: 2246: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2175: 2145:Barakzai dynasty 2109:Rahmatullah Safi 2013:, the rest were 1765:Inayatullah Khan 1729: 1723:romanized:  1722: 1720: 1712: 1706:romanized:  1705: 1703: 1702: 1680: 1673: 1666: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1638: 1637: 1621:Muslim conquests 1606:Hinduism history 1569:Economic history 1453: 1431:Islamic Republic 1222: 1221: 1151:Chagatai Khanate 977: 976: 917:Kidarite kingdom 787:Gandhara kingdom 763: 762: 743: 733: 715: 714: 693: 692: 681: 680: 668: 667: 661: 660: 645: 644: 545:New constitution 424: 409: 382: 240: 239: 237: 236: 235: 230: 226: 223: 222: 221: 218: 199: 189: 188: 172: 166: 165: 159: 158: 141: 135: 134: 111: 95: 74: 73: 66: 58: 57: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 21: 20: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4874:Former kingdoms 4829: 4828: 4827: 4818: 4743:princely states 4691: 4627:Kingdom of Fiji 4600: 4346:Austria-Hungary 4314: 4077: 4011: 3810: 3796:Solomon Islands 3710: 3692: 3624: 3539: 3497: 3429: 3375:Democratization 3343: 3287: 3254: 3249: 3219: 3214: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3167: 3096: 3025: 2929: 2823: 2762: 2724: 2708:War (2001–2021) 2591:Mongol invasion 2537: 2528: 2498: 2482: 2481: 2474: 2472: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2417: 2413: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2376: 2372: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2266:Ehsan Yarshater 2254: 2250: 2243: 2229: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2211:macrotrends.net 2205: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2141: 2133:Bajaur campaign 2078: 2033: 1984: 1968:Wakhan Corridor 1944: 1771:took power and 1760: 1700: 1684: 1646: 1644: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1548: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1468: 1460: 1459: 1451: 1446:Islamic Emirate 1386:Islamic Emirate 1346:Saur Revolution 1219: 1211: 1210: 1141:Mongol Invasion 1115:before 879–1215 974: 966: 965: 907:Sasanian Empire 891:135 BC – 248 AD 857:Parthian Empire 827:Seleucid Empire 760: 731: 724: 690: 665: 600: 560: 547: 534: 521: 493:Interwar Period 478: 466:House of Elders 462: 451: 447: 445: 429:Mohammad Shafiq 425: 422: 410: 407: 378: 375: 363: 351: 320: 291: 233: 231: 227: 224: 219: 216: 214: 212: 211: 210: 190: 183: 179: 173: 167: 161: 160: 152: 148: 142: 136: 130: 121: 120: 119: 116: 112: 104: 103: 100: 96: 78: 77: 68: 67: 60: 45: 44: 37: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4957: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4747: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4501:Ottoman Empire 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4461:Kartli-Kakheti 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4143: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4009: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3870:Central Africa 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3806:United Kingdom 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3720: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3702: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3634: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3549: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3463:Prince regnant 3460: 3459: 3458: 3448: 3443: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3380:Decolonization 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3334:Personal union 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3304:Constitutional 3301: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3199: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3052:Communications 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3004: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2972:Prime Minister 2969: 2967:Supreme Leader 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2918:Persian (Dari) 2910: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2837: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2809:Extreme points 2806: 2801: 2796: 2794:Climate change 2791: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2606:Durrani Empire 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2512: 2504: 2497: 2496: 2460: 2449:. 2 March 2020 2434: 2411: 2404:Tate, George. 2396: 2370: 2353: 2342: 2318: 2293: 2248: 2242:978-1849047074 2241: 2223: 2198: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2140: 2137: 2135:of 1960-1961. 2077: 2074: 2052:Mazar-i-Sharif 2032: 2029: 1983: 1980: 1976:United Kingdom 1954:in the north, 1943: 1940: 1854:United Nations 1823:Pashayi people 1759: 1756: 1748:Amanullah Khan 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1675: 1668: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1642: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1616:Jewish history 1613: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1550: 1549: 1547:Related topics 1546: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1276:Durrani Empire 1272: 1271: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1021:Tibetan Empire 1017: 1016: 1013: 1007: 1006: 1003: 997: 996: 993: 987: 986: 983: 975: 972: 971: 968: 967: 962: 961: 958: 952: 951: 948: 942: 941: 938: 932: 931: 929: 923: 922: 919: 913: 912: 909: 903: 902: 901:20 BC – 50? AD 899: 893: 892: 889: 883: 882: 879: 873: 872: 869: 863: 862: 859: 853: 852: 849: 843: 842: 839: 833: 832: 829: 823: 822: 819: 813: 812: 809: 803: 802: 799: 793: 792: 789: 783: 782: 779: 773: 772: 769: 761: 756: 755: 752: 751: 745: 744: 736: 735: 726: 725: 718: 711: 710: 707: 703: 702: 699: 698: 695: 694: 687: 678: 675: 674: 669: 657: 656: 651: 641: 640: 635: 629: 628: 625: 619: 618: 616:Afghan afghani 613: 609: 608: 605: 604: 601: 598: 595: 594: 591: 590: 584: 583: 580: 576: 575: 569: 568: 565: 564: 561: 555: 552: 551: 550:1 October 1964 548: 542: 539: 538: 535: 529: 526: 525: 522: 519: 516: 515: 512: 511: 490: 489:Historical era 486: 485: 479: 473: 470: 469: 463: 457: 454: 453: 440: 436: 435: 432: 431: 426: 420: 417: 416: 411: 405: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 392:Prime Minister 388: 387: 384: 383: 376: 373: 370: 369: 364: 361: 358: 357: 355:Amanullah Khan 352: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 338: 332: 331: 311: 305: 304: 299: 293: 292: 290: 289: 286: 280: 274: 262: 260: 256: 255: 246: 242: 241: 205: 201: 200: 192: 191: 181: 150: 123: 122: 113: 106: 105: 97: 90: 89: 88: 85: 84: 80: 79: 76: 75: 52: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4956: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4622:Easter Island 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4161:Jabal Shammar 4159: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3653:Liechtenstein 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456:Queen regnant 3454: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3415:Republicanism 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3395:Head of state 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3329:Non-sovereign 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3020: 3019:Chief Justice 3017: 3016: 3015: 3014:Supreme Court 3012: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2977:Deputy Leader 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2703:2001 invasion 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2693:Islamic State 2691: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2596:Hotak dynasty 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2561:Maurya Empire 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2492: 2486: 2470: 2464: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2400: 2385: 2381: 2374: 2366: 2365: 2357: 2351: 2346: 2335: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2252: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2227: 2212: 2208: 2202: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2174: 2170: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2060:Helmand River 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898:Helmand River 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1716: 1711: 1697: 1693: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1584:List of years 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1544: 1543: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1524:Paropamisadae 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1464: 1463: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1406:Islamic State 1404: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1376:Islamic State 1374: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1266:Afsharid Iran 1264: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1246:Hotak dynasty 1244: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1215: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 994: 992: 989: 988: 984: 982: 979: 978: 970: 969: 959: 957: 954: 953: 949: 947: 944: 943: 939: 937: 934: 933: 930: 928: 925: 924: 920: 918: 915: 914: 910: 908: 905: 904: 900: 898: 895: 894: 890: 888: 887:Kushan Empire 885: 884: 880: 878: 875: 874: 870: 868: 865: 864: 861:247 BC–224 AD 860: 858: 855: 854: 850: 848: 845: 844: 840: 838: 837:Maurya Empire 835: 834: 830: 828: 825: 824: 820: 818: 815: 814: 810: 808: 805: 804: 800: 798: 797:Median Empire 795: 794: 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Sicilies 4506:Papal States 4306: 4245: 4138: 4088: 4004: 3764:Cook Islands 3617: 3603:Saudi Arabia 3532: 3196:Bibliography 2997:Human rights 2952:Constitution 2833:Demographics 2650: 2581:Hindu Shahis 2473:. 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Index

Pashto
Dari
Flag of Afghanistan
Flag
(1931–1973)

Emblem (1931–1973) of Afghanistan
Emblem
(1931–1973)

Royal Salute
Grand Salute
Location of Afghanistan
Kabul
33°N 65°E / 33°N 65°E / 33; 65
Pashto (after 1936)
Dari
Islam
official
Sunni
Shia
Demonym(s)
Afghan
Government
Unitary
absolute monarchy
Unitary
parliamentary
constitutional monarchy
King
Amanullah Khan
Mohammad Nadir Shah
Mohammad Zahir Shah
Prime Minister

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