Rio de Janeiro - Knowledge

7098: 1363: 95: 21444: 21343: 1129: 5534: 6286: 1656: 5545: 2171: 1564: 7620: 2312: 1202: 7666: 1758: 4716: 169: 21361: 5559: 6419: 22594: 6457: 6383:. There are nearly 440 municipal bus lines serving over four million passengers every day, in addition to intercity lines. Although cheap and frequent, Rio's transportation policy has been moving towards trains and subway in order to reduce surface congestion and increase carrier capacity. Rio's public transportation service has been a target of many critics and the motive of the 2013's protests and manifestations that started in São Paulo and spread through the entire country. According to the people, the raise in the bus and subway fares are invalid, seeing that the amount charged is too high for the low quality of the services. 1460: 6920: 6106: 3871: 21712: 220: 304: 6930: 6200: 1915: 2190: 8018: 22486: 21478: 123: 6715:" (air-conditioned). These buses run several routes, the main being from Centro through Botafogo, Copacabana and Ipanema to Leblon (and vice versa), and from the International Airport to Barra, through the beach road. They are air conditioned – about 22 °C (72 °F) – more upscale/comfortable and cost between R$ 13.35–R$ 19.95. However, it is only available during weekdays. The buses also run more frequently during the rush hours in the morning and evening. Going in the direction of Centro (city center), the bus can be flagged down on the beach road (buses with plaques showing "Castelo"). 4384: 22252: 21800: 21496: 254: 208: 7450: 6639: 5079: 4949: 4438: 22504: 109: 22020: 21606: 6823: 3986: 1141: 4567: 20111: 18086: 6431: 6372: 2001: 7759: 864: 22370: 22216: 21903: 21766: 21570: 7440: 4988: 22684: 6940: 5789: 22468: 21325: 22738: 22666: 22522: 22074: 21660: 6445: 7264: 7088: 1264: 1117: 21426: 5481: 4834:) of Rio de Janeiro is a vaguely defined area that covers some 50% of the city's entire area, including Barra da Tijuca and Recreio dos Bandeirantes neighborhoods. The West Side of Rio has many historic sites because of the old "Royal Road of Santa Cruz" that crossed the territory in the regions of Realengo, Bangu, and Campo Grande, finishing at the Royal Palace of Santa Cruz in the Santa Cruz region. The highest peak of the city of Rio de Janeiro is the Pedra Branca Peak (Pico da Pedra Branca) inside the 21678: 22270: 22127: 21818: 21536: 21379: 4696: 4130: 6693: 5567: 271: 22612: 22350: 22192: 22116: 22098: 21885: 21748: 21696: 21460: 20221: 18196: 7249: 4314: 5157: 4396: 5455: 5429: 5403: 5248: 4910: 4453: 1980: 2018: 1474: 22576: 22145: 7526: 5027: 6190: 5014: 139: 22828: 22648: 22450: 16832: 5300: 4923: 16408: 21971: 22795: 22540: 5066: 66: 7078: 5001: 23723: 7486:(City of Arts) is a cultural complex in Barra da Tijuca in the Southwest Zone of Rio de Janeiro, which was originally planned to open in 2004. Formally known as "Cidade da Música" (City of Music), it was finally inaugurated at the beginning of 2013. The project will host the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra becoming a main center for music as will be the largest modern concert hall in South America, with 1,780 seats. The complex spans approximately 90 21552: 5352: 5339: 5261: 5144: 5131: 4975: 4897: 22038: 5494: 5105: 22720: 22558: 22234: 21784: 21624: 16842: 6724: 5040: 4962: 1717: 22056: 21642: 23714: 5274: 5092: 5183: 5170: 22775: 6096: 5980: 5235: 153: 22630: 21397: 22756: 22702: 22294: 21834: 5390: 5053: 1154: 22330: 21868: 8004: 22002: 21588: 5365: 5442: 5416: 5287: 5222: 5209: 22312: 22174: 22163: 21852: 21730: 23643: 7656: 2140: 5468: 5326: 5313: 5196: 5118: 4936: 16822: 18868: 14818: 311: 278: 4246: 2220:, and is often characterized by long periods of heavy rain between December and March. The city experiences hot, humid summers, and warm, sunny winters. In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C (81 °F) can occur on a monthly basis. 3449:

was extremely high, accounting for 72% of the foreigners who lived in the capital. Portuguese born people accounted for 20.4% of the population of Rio, and those with a Portuguese father or a Portuguese mother accounted for 30.8%. In other words, native born Portuguese and their children accounted for 51.2% of the inhabitants of Rio, or a total of 267,664 people in 1890.

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historical-cultural characteristics to divide the neighborhoods. Most of its population is concentrated in the neighborhoods of Campo Grande, Santa Cruz, Bangu, Tijuca, Realengo, Jacarepaguá, Copacabana, Barra da Tijuca, Maré, Guaratiba and Taquara together, these eleven neighborhoods concentrate a population of 1.5 million inhabitants, according to the 2010 census.

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inhabitants). It is up to the House to prepare and vote on fundamental laws for the administration and the Executive, especially the participatory budget (Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias). Although the veto power is granted to the mayor, the process of voting on the laws that oppose him usually generates conflicts between the Executive and the Legislative.

7211:; 2,365 items from the 17th and 18th centuries that were previously owned by Antônio de Araújo de Azevedo, the "Count of Barca", including the 125-volume set of prints "Le Grand Théâtre de l'Univers;" a collection of documents regarding the Jesuítica Province of Paraguay and the "Region of Prata;" and the Teresa Cristina Maria Collection, donated by 7203:, the National Library was originally created by the King of Portugal, in 1810. As with many of Rio de Janeiro's cultural monuments, the library was originally off-limits to the general public. The most valuable collections in the library include: 4,300 items donated by Barbosa Machado including a precious collection of rare brochures detailing the 4838:. It has an altitude of 1024m. The Pedra Branca State Park (Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca) is the biggest urban state park in the world comprising 17 neighborhoods in the west side, being a "giant lung" in the city with trails, waterfalls and historic constructions like an old aqueduct in the Colônia Juliano Moreira in the neighborhood of 2227:, especially during autumn and winter, causing frequent weather changes. In summer there can be strong rains, which have, on some occasions, provoked catastrophic floods and landslides. The mountainous areas register greater rainfall since they constitute a barrier to the humid wind that comes from the Atlantic. The city has had rare 2351:, the lowest temperature recorded was 10.1 °C (50.2 °F) in October 1977, and the highest temperature recorded was 39 °C (102.2 °F) in December 1963. The highest accumulated rainfall in 24 hours was 167.4 mm (6.6 in) in January 1962. However, the absolute minimum temperature ever recorded at the INMET 6630:

features; delivery began in 2014. The line's track was also rebuilt, and after some delays, about one-third of the line reopened in July 2015. More sections reopened later in stages, following repair of additional sections of track. The line was restored to its full pre-2011 length of 6 km (4 mi) in January 2019.

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of wheat, more than 1.8 million tons of iron and steel, over a million tons of liquid bulk cargo, almost 830 thousand tons of dry bulk, over five thousand tons of paper goods, and over 78 thousand vehicles. In 2003, over 91 thousand passengers moved through the Port of Rio Janeiro on 83 cruise vessels.

1390:. As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. In the first decade, several educational establishments were created, such as the Military Academy, the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts and the 7476:, and the interior is rich with furnishings and fine paintings. Inaugurated in 1909, the Teatro Municipal has close to 1,700 seats. Its interior includes turn of the century stained glass from France, ceilings of rose-colored marble and a 1,000 pound crystal bead chandelier surrounded by a painting of the " 4475:(formerly known as Paço Isabel) is located in the Laranjeiras neighborhood, in the south zone, and is the official seat of the Rio de Janeiro executive power. Not to be confused with Palácio Laranjeiras, situated in the same neighborhood, which is the official residence of the governor of Rio de Janeiro. 7551:

is an annual celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that allows merry-making and red meat consumption before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance which culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easter. The tradition of Carnaval parades was probably influenced by the French or German courts

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cargoes, containers, and liquid bulk. In 2004, the Port of Rio de Janeiro handled over seven million tons of cargo on almost 1700 vessels. In 2004, the Port of Rio de Janeiro handled over two million tons of containerized cargo in almost 171 thousand TEUs. The port handled 852 thousand tons

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The waters of Sepetiba Bay are slowly following the path traced by Guanabara Bay, with sewage generated by a population of the order of 1.29 million inhabitants being released without treatment in streams or rivers. With regard to industrial pollution, highly toxic wastes, with high concentrations of

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is a music festival conceived by entrepreneur Roberto Medina for the first time in 1985, and since its creation, recognized as the largest music festival in the Latin world and the largest in the world, with 1.5 million people attending the first event, 700,000 attending the second and fourth, about

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In Greater Rio, which has one of the highest per capita incomes in Brazil, retail trade is substantial. Many of the most important retail stores are located in the center, but others are scattered throughout the commercial areas of the other districts, where shopping centers, supermarkets, and other

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Benefiting from the federal capital position it had for a long period (1763–1960), the city became a dynamic administrative, financial, commercial and cultural center. Rio de Janeiro became an attractive place for companies to locate when it was the capital of Brazil, as important sectors of society

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ancestry predominate in most of the state. The Brazilian census of 1920 showed that 39.7% of the Portuguese who lived in Brazil lived in Rio de Janeiro. Including all of the Rio de Janeiro, the proportion raised to 46.3% of the Portuguese who lived in Brazil. The numerical presence of the Portuguese

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As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire. It was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. At that time the number of slaves was drastically reduced and the city was developed, with modern

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colony. Eventually this French settlement became too much of a threat to the established Portuguese colony and in 1560 the order was made to get rid of them. A years-long military aggression was then initiated by the new Governor General of Brazil Mem De Sa, and later continued by his nephew Estacio

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of the city. Its facilities house a collection of great historical and religious value: the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art and the Archdiocesan Archive. The Banco da Providência and the Archdiocesan Caritas are also based there. In a contemporary architectural style, it has a conical shape, with

3899:, it has a conical shape, with 96 meters of internal diameter and capacity to receive up to 20 thousand faithful. The splendor of the building, with straight and sober lines, is due to the changing stained glass windows carved on the walls up to the dome. Its design and execution was coordinated by 6629:

occurred on 27 August 2011, which left six dead, tram service was suspended to improve the system. The elderly tramcars, which dated from the 1950s, were retired and replaced with newly built replicas that have the appearance of the old fleet but with new mechanical equipment and additional safety

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established in 2008 to ensure that the lagoon waters will eventually be suitable for bathing. The decontamination actions involve the transfer of sludge to large craters present in the lagoon itself, and the creation of a new direct and underground connection with the sea, which will contribute to

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has lost mangrove areas and suffers from residues from domestic and industrial sewage, oils and heavy metals. Although its waters renew when they reach the sea, the bay is the final receiver of all the tributaries generated along its banks and in the basins of the many rivers and streams that flow

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City buses, which come in both non-air conditioned and air conditioned versions, cost about R$ 4,30 to ride. The system may be relatively safe by day but less so at night. Integration of bus lines has been recently implemented, allowing users to take two non-air conditioned bus rides in two hours

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system serving with 28 km (17 mi), 42 stations, distributed in 3 lines. The trams are the first in the world to use a combination of ground-level power supply (APS) and on-board supercapacitor energy storage (SRS), in order to eliminate overhead lines along the entire route. The network

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The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Rio de Janeiro, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 95 min. 32% of public transit riders, ride for more than two hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 19

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Despite the change in the federal capital, 59% of civil servants in the Executive Branch of federal agencies and public companies remained in the city. Rio de Janeiro is also the only Brazilian state where the number of federal employees exceeds the number of state employees. About a third of all

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In Rio de Janeiro, the executive power is represented by the mayor and the cabinet of secretaries, in accordance with the model proposed by the Federal Constitution. The Organic Law of the Municipality and the current Master Plan, however, stipulate that the public administration must provide the

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Rio also has a large proportion of state-sanctioned violence, with about 20% of all killings committed by state security. In 2019, police killed an average of five people each day in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with a total of 1,810 killed in the year. This was more police killings than any year

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admixtures. The results of the tests of genomic ancestry are quite different from the self made estimates of European ancestry. In general, the test results showed that European ancestry is far more important than the students thought it would be. The "pardos" for example thought of themselves as

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are not an isolated phenomenon. In early May 2013, winds registering above 90 km/h (56 mph) caused blackouts in 15 neighborhoods of the city and three surrounding municipalities, and killed one person. Rio saw similarly high winds (about 100 km/h (62 mph)) in January 2015. The

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were the largest military sports event ever held in Brazil, with approximately 4,900 athletes from 108 countries competing in 20 sports. Rio de Janeiro hosted the 2016 Olympics and Paralympics. The Olympic Games were held from 5 to 21 August 2016. The Paralympics were held from 7 to 18 September

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Greater Rio de Janeiro, as perceived by the IBGE, has a GDP of US$ 187 billion, constituting the second largest hub of national wealth. Per capita GDP is US$ 11,786. It concentrates 68% of the state's economic strength and 7.9% of all goods and services produced in the country. The services

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Donohoe was amazed to discover that there was absolutely no knowledge of football among Brazilians. So he wrote to his wife, Elizabeth, asking her to bring a football when she joined him. And shortly after her arrival, in September 1894, the first football match in Brazil took place in the field

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Primary schools are largely under municipal administration, while the state plays a more significant role in the extensive network of secondary schools. There are also a small number of schools under federal administration, as is the case of Pedro II School, Colégio de Aplicação da UFRJ and the

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aged 10 and older is nearly 95 percent, well above the national average. In Rio, there were 1,033 primary schools with 25,594 teachers and 667,788 students in 1995. There are 370 secondary schools with 9,699 teachers and 227,892 students. There are 53 University-preparatory schools with 14,864

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According to an autosomal DNA study from 2009, conducted on a school in the poor suburb of Rio de Janeiro, the "pardos" there were found to be on average about 80% European, and the "whites" (who thought of themselves as "very mixed") were found to carry very little Amerindian and/or African

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Subprefectures are officially grouped into four regions (or "zones"), taking into account geographic position and occupation history; however these do not have any administrative or political power over the municipality. The official political division of the municipality takes into account

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bring showers or storms. Thus the monsoon-like climate has dry and mild winters and springs, and very wet and warm summers and autumns. As a result, temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F), that may happen about year-round but are much more common during the summer, often mean the actual

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There are also municipal councils, which complement the legislative process and the work engendered in the secretariats. Compulsorily formed by representatives of various sectors of organized civil society, they are on different fronts — although their effective representation is sometimes

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Legislative power is constituted by the municipal council, composed of 51 councilors elected for four-year terms (in compliance with the provisions of article 29 of the Constitution, which disciplines a minimum number of 42 and a maximum of 55 for municipalities with more than five million

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built, at great cost, by 1960. On 21 April of that year, the capital of Brazil was officially moved to Brasília. The territory of the former Federal District became its own state, Guanabara, after the bay that borders it to the east, encompassing just the city of Rio de Janeiro. After the

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emerged as the most legendary rocker in Brazil. Commercial and cultural imports from Europe and North America have often influenced Brazil's own cultural output. For example, the hip hop that has stemmed from New York is localized into forms of musical production such as Funk Carioca and

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in Portugal. After independence from Portugal, Rio de Janeiro became a destination for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from Portugal, mainly in the early 20th century. The immigrants were mostly poor peasants who subsequently found prosperity in Rio as city workers and small traders.

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arrived in Bangu to work in the textile factory. The old farms became worker villages with red-bricks houses, and a neo-gothic church was created, which still exists as the Saint Sebastian and Saint Cecilia Parish Church. Street cinemas and cultural buildings also appeared. In May 1894,

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Rio de Janeiro has inherited a strong cultural role from the past. In the late 19th century, there were sessions held of the first Brazilian film and since then, several production cycles have spread out, eventually placing Rio at the forefront of experimental and national cinema. The

12589: 6130:. While the city had in past had a thriving tourism sector, the industry entered a decline in the last quarter of the 20th century. Annual international airport arrivals dropped from 621,000 to 378,000 and average hotel occupancy dropped to 50% between 1985 and 1993. The fact that 1647:

as Director General of Public Health. Cruz's plans to clean the city of diseases included compulsory vaccination of the entire population and forced entry into houses to kill mosquitoes and rats. The people of the city rebelled against Cruz's policy, in what would be known as the

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questioned. The following are currently in operation: Municipal Council for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (CMPC), Defense of the Environment (CONDEMAM), Health (CMS), the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CMDCA), Education (CME), Social Assistance (CMAS) and Anti-Drugs.

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There are significant disparities between the rich and the poor in Rio de Janeiro, and different socioeconomic groups are largely segregated into different neighborhoods. Although the city clearly ranks among the world's major metropolises, large numbers live in slums known as

3425: 976:. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17 percent of national scientific output according to 2005 data. Despite the high perception of crime, the city actually has a lower 8508: 7574:, street revelry, which parade in almost every corner of the city. In 1840, the first Carnival was celebrated with a masked ball. As years passed, adorned floats and costumed revelers became a tradition among the celebrants. Carnival is known as a historic root of 6223:, some short and medium-haul domestic flights, and general aviation. The passenger terminal has undergone extensive renovation and expansion, which increased its capacity to 9,9 million users a year. The airport is connected to the city light rail system ( 1521:

On 6 February 1889 the Bangu Textile Factory was founded, with the name of Industrial Progress Company of Brazil (Companhia Progresso Industrial do Brasil). The factory was officially opened on 8 March 1893, in a complex with varying architectural styles like

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average annual minimum temperature is 21 °C (70 °F), the average annual maximum temperature is 27 °C (81 °F), and the average annual temperature is 24 °C (75 °F). The average yearly precipitation is 1,069 mm (42.1 in).

1336:, much farther northeast. On 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily a colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated 4493:

The Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) is the highest body of the judiciary in the state. Its central court is located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, but, from 2013 to July 2018, some of the courts of this court were moved to Cidade Nova.

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music continues to act as the national unifying agent in Rio, Funk Carioca found a strong community following in Brazil. With its genesis in the 1970s as the modern black pop music from the United States, it evolved in the 1990s to describe a variety of

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National policy changes in 2020–2021 for the universalization of sanitation kept the 2007 policy defining the municipality as the provider of sanitation service, delegating the organization, supervision, and provision of services to third parties. The

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min, while 35% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 12.3 km (8 mi), while 37% travel for over 12 km (7 mi) in a single direction.

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Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic city center (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called

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The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 km (456.5 sq mi), is about 6,000,000. The population of the greater metropolitan area is estimated at 11–13.5 million. Residents of the city are known as

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have suffered with the leniency of the authorities and the growth in the number of apartment buildings close by. The illegal discharge of sewage and the consequent deaths of algae diminished the oxygenation of the waters, causing fish mortality.

12597: 7138:(1854), which presents a series of picaresque scenes, and evokes the transformation of a town into a city with suggestive nostalgia. Romantic and realist modes both flourished through the late 19th century and often overlapped within works. 2139: 6781:

In Brazil, most interstate transportation is done by road. A large terminal for long-distance buses is in the Santo Cristo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. There are also two port facilities for cargo and passenger ships (Rio de Janeiro and

7556:, the revelry was more of a high class and Caucasian-led event. The influence of the African-Brazilian drums and music became more noticeable from the first half of the 20th century. Rio de Janeiro has many Carnaval choices, including the 1749:

luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town. This reputation has been somewhat tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from the narcotics trade and

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is one of the most attractive buildings in the central area of the city. Home of one of the largest stages in Latin America and one of Brazil's best-known venues for opera, ballet, and classical music, the building was inspired by the

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Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica of Rio de Janeiro (CEFET-RJ). In addition, Rio has an ample offering of private schools that provide education at all levels. Rio is home to many colleges and universities. The literacy rate for

4764:, which compose Rio's Atlantic beach coastline. The neighborhood of Copacabana beach hosts one of the world's most spectacular New Year's Eve parties ("Reveillon"), as more than two million revelers crowd onto the sands to watch the 9896: 7735:, for which on both occasions Brazil was the host nation. In 1950, the Maracanã Stadium hosted 8 matches, including all but one of the host team's matches. The Maracanã was also the location of the tournament-deciding match between 6794:, to São Paulo, and a stretch of the BR-101 which covers the Rio-Niterói bridge) were chartered to private enterprises. The quality of the highways improved much, but was accompanied by a significant increase of the toll fees. From 6066: 6141:

Rio de Janeiro's government has since undertaken to modernize the city's economy, reduce its chronic social inequalities, and improve its commercial standing as part of an initiative for the regeneration of the tourism industry.

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began. This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonizing country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the

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Recent decades have seen a sharp transformation in its economic profile, which is becoming more and more one of a major national hub of services and businesses. The city is the headquarters of large telecom companies, such as

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The city is commonly divided into the historic center (Centro); the tourist-friendly wealthier South Zone (Zona Sul); the residential less wealthy North Zone (Zona Norte); peripheries in the West Zone (Zona Oeste), among them

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Rio de Janeiro is a main cultural hub in Brazil. Its architecture embraces churches and buildings dating from the 16th to the 19th centuries, blending with the world-renowned designs of the 20th century. Rio was home to the

6311:. The port is managed by Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro. The Port of Rio de Janeiro covers territory from the Mauá Pier in the east to the Wharf of the Cashew in the north. The Port of Rio de Janeiro contains almost seven 2133:

increase the daily water exchange between the two environments. However, during the Olympics the lagoon hosted the rowing competitions and there were numerous concerns about potential infection resulting from human sewage.

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and the second largest urban forest in the world, has been a National Park. The largest urban forest in the world is the Floresta da Pedra Branca (White Rock Forest), which is located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro.

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to celebrate New Year's in Rio de Janeiro. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds of different shows and events along the beach. It is the second-largest celebration only next to the

12447: 8378: 6018:— responsible for creating about 10,000 direct jobs and 30,000 indirect jobs. In 2006, 65% of Brazilian cinema production was done exclusively by studios in Rio, generating 91 million reais in federal funds through 865: 13136: 13053: 13027: 13001: 12975: 12537: 1514:

drains, animal trams, train stations crossing the city, gas and electric lighting, telephone and telegraph wiring, water and river plumbing. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was

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of Rio de Janeiro such as Mangueira, Salgueiro, Império Serrano, Unidos da Tijuca, Imperatriz Leopoldinense, among others. Some of the main neighborhoods of Rio's North Zone are Alto da Boa Vista which shares the

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Temperature also varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of vegetation or land use. During the winter, cold fronts and dawn/morning sea breezes bring mild temperatures; cold fronts, the

1741:. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. Botafogos natural environment, combined with the fame of the 1437:

to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people. Between 1811 and 1831, 500,000 to a million slaves arrived in Rio de Janeiro through

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was inaugurated in 1979, in the central region of the city. Its installations have a collection of great historical and religious value: the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art and the Archdiocesan Archive. In a

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Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as in most large cities of Brazil, might not be the best choice because of the large car numbers. The city is served by a number of expressways, like Linha Vermelha, Linha Amarela,

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population with effective tools for the exercise of participatory democracy. In this way, the city is divided into subprefectures, each of which is headed by a sub-mandatory appointed directly by the mayor.

9948: 9841: 9711: 7545:. People celebrate the New Year by sharing chilled champagne. It is considered good luck to shake the champagne bottle and spray around at midnight. Chilled champagne adds to the spirit of the festivities. 6833:

The city has 160 km (99 mi) of cycle paths that, wherever they exist, are very much preferable to riding in the city's traffic. Most paths run alongside beaches and extend intermittently from the

14573: 9517: 9106: 13669: 7506: sq ft) and also features a chamber music hall, three theaters, and 12 rehearsal rooms. From the terrace there is a panoramic view of the zone. The building was designed by the French architect 11872: 8978: 6876: 5720:

Rio de Janeiro is (as of 2014) the second largest exporting municipality in Brazil. Annually, Rio exported a total of $ 7.49B (USD) worth of goods. The top three goods exported by the municipality were

4662:(the former cathedral), São Jose, Santa Lucia, Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Santa Rita, São Francisco de Paula, and the monasteries of Santo Antônio and São Bento. The Centro also houses the modern concrete 11657: 10115: 7121:(1844) was perhaps the first successful novel in Brazil and inaugurates a recurrent 19th-century theme: a romantic relationship between idealistic young people in spite of cruelties of social fortune. 4124: 9870: 9659: 9392: 10902: 10059: 5756:, reported that Rio de Janeiro ranked 12th among the most expensive cities in the world in 2011, up from the 29th position in 2010, just behind São Paulo (ranked 10th), and ahead of London, Paris, 9812: 9783: 9758: 7228:

The Real Gabinete Português de Leitura (Portuguese Royal Reading Library) is located at Rua Luís de Camões, in the Centro (Downtown). The institution was founded in 1837 by a group of forty-three

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Rio has many important cultural landmarks, such as the Biblioteca Nacional (National Library), one of the largest libraries in the world with collections totalling more than 9 million items; the

4104: 3989: 15339: 15284: 10163: 15681: 9685: 7517:, administered by the city's Municipal Secretary of Culture, serve throughout the city as venues for cultural activities such as concerts, plays, workshops, art and craft fairs, and courses. 7472:. Construction of the Theatro Municipal began in 1905 following designs of the architect Francisco Pereira Passos. The statues on the top, of two women representing Poetry and Music, are by 4239: 12717: 16300: 6115:

Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's primary tourist attraction and resort. It receives the most visitors per year of any city in South America with 2.82 million international tourists a year.

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to the more recent approach of improving conditions in the favelas and bringing them up to par with the rest of the city, as was the focus of the "Favela Bairro" program and deployment of

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Brazil's return to democracy in 1985 allowed for a new music expression which promoted creativity and experimentation in expressive culture, in a wave of Rock'n'roll that swept the 80s.

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As of 2021 only 65% of sewage was properly treated, leaving 35% to be improperly discharged. As of 2022 there were at least 400 illicit sewage disposal points in the drainage network.

6054: 15609: 15598: 13790: 11924: 11738: 3996: 3883: 12515: 11950: 11520: 8346: 6674:, which can only be accessed by ferryboats or hydrofoil boats. The ferryboat to Paquetá leaves every hour, from early in the morning until around midnight. There is also a ferry to 4021: 3539:, and people from other parts of Brazil. The main waves of internal migration came from people of African, mixed or older Portuguese (as descendants of early settlers) descent from 11770: 10089: 9982: 4357:

Rio has more people living in slums than any other city in Brazil, according to the 2010 Census. More than 1,500,000 people live in its 763 favelas, 22% of Rio's total population.

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Along the coast, the breeze, blowing onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature. Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached by cold fronts advancing from

15503: 4265:(private) are among the country's top institutions of higher education. Other institutes of higher learning include the Colégio Regina Coeli in Usina, notable for having its own 14172: 13084: 9444:

Alvares, Clayton Alcarde; Stape, José Luiz; Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar; de Moraes Gonçalves, José Leonardo; Sparovek, Gerd (2013). "Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil".

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was the only state left in Brazil to oppose the military. Then, in 1975, a presidential decree known as "The Fusion" removed the city's federative status and merged it with the

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began in 1968 and became the main site for oil production of Brazil. This caused many oil and gas companies to be based in Rio de Janeiro, such as the Brazilian branches of

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find support in various social segments, although professed by less than 2% of the population, many Cariocas simultaneously observe those practices with Roman Catholicism.

18903: 16878: 13140: 13057: 13031: 13005: 12979: 12747: 12541: 11826: 11334: 10193: 7097: 4112: 4025:

an internal diameter of 96 meters and a capacity to hold up to 20,000 worshippers. The splendor of the building, with its straight and sober lines, is due to the changing

10596: 8320: 4514:(1822–1889) and from the Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1968) until 1960, when the seat of government was definitively transferred to the then newly built 24005: 14202: 12829: 12243: 11090: 6900:(CEDAE) was divided into four blocks and auctioned to Aegea (Águas do Rio) and Iguá; CEDAE remained in control of water collection and treatment of drinking water. The 5890:). Most maintain research centers throughout the state and together produce over four-fifths of the petroleum and fuels distributed at service stations nationwide. The 4522:

federal public bodies and companies remain in the former capital, with 50 public offices, including agencies, autarchies, foundations and public companies, such as the

21292: 20099: 18074: 16615: 15443: 11708: 9361: 8190: 6890: 5588:, it was approximately US$ 201 billion in 2008, equivalent to 5.1% of the national total. Taking into consideration the network of influence exerted by the urban 2283:

and surrounding areas, including parts of Campo Grande and Bangu) that correspond to the location of the March 2012, February–March 2013 and January 2015 pseudo-hail (

1064: 13821: 13631: 8439: 7406: 7008:, which depicted the early days of Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro. Internationally distributed Brazilian-made movies illustrating a darker side of Rio de Janeiro include 2256:

Drought is very rare, albeit bound to happen occasionally given the city's strongly seasonal tropical climate. The Brazilian drought of 2014–2015, most severe in the

12649: 8921: 14350: 13579: 13537: 13511: 8637: 8461: 7589:

events. It was originally organized in Rio de Janeiro, from where the name comes from, has become a world level event and, in 2004, had its first edition abroad in

4037: 23679: 22414: 11172: 9707: 14577: 10810: 9521: 9188: 9094: 6881: 6007: 964:

343 billion. In the city are the headquarters of Brazilian oil, mining, and telecommunications companies, including two of the country's major corporations,

13723: 13661: 13378: 11015: 9900: 6331: ft) of continuous wharf and an 883 m (2,897 ft) pier. The Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro administers directly the Wharf of the Gamboa general 6138:

replaced Rio as the country's commercial, financial and main cultural center during the mid-20th century, has also been cited as a leading cause of the decline.

5713:

Tourism and entertainment are other key aspects of the city's economic life. The city is the nation's top tourist attraction for both Brazilians and foreigners.

4041: 16189: 13239: 11868: 11811: 8970: 7992:

is an example, with routes from the easy third grade (American 5.4, French 3) to the extremely difficult ninth grade (5.13/8b), up to 280 m (919 ft).

7158:(1881). He commented on and criticized the political and social events of the city and country such as the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the transition from 6358:

At the Wharf of Gamboa, leaseholders operate terminals for sugar, paper, iron and steel products. Leaseholders at the Wharf of the Cashew operate terminals for

20907: 9845: 13106: 10111: 10034: 10009: 9158: 9000:

Boone, Christopher G (1995). "Streetcars and Politics in Rio de Janeiro: Private Enterprise versus Municipal Government in Mass Transit Delivery, 1903–1920".

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station was 3.8 °C (38.8 °F) in July 1974, while the absolute maximum was 43.2 °C (110 °F) on 26 December 2012 in the neighborhood of the

24025: 15085: 13485: 12183: 12123: 11649: 11494: 9603: 5819:

Rio de Janeiro is home to many of Brazil's largest business conglomerates. Among them are the three largest multinationals in the energy and mining sectors:

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The Portuguese cultural influence is still seen in many parts of the city (and many other parts of the state of Rio de Janeiro), including architecture and

3401:

Different ethnic groups contributed to the formation of the population of Rio de Janeiro. Before European colonization, there were at least seven different

1309:

was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several mostly French pirates and buccaneers, such as

1283: 13460: 10085: 9384: 8262: 7480:". The exterior walls of the building are dotted with inscriptions bearing the names of famous Brazilians as well as many other international celebrities. 6838:, Centro, through Flamengo, Copacabana and Ipanema, to Barra da Tijuca and Recreio dos Bandeirantes. six km (3.7 mi) of cycle paths traverse the 1834: 12477: 12205: 11308: 10063: 16115: 15061:"Rio's trams will run for the Olympics: Brazil's wire-free modern tramway opens, part of a major revitalisation project for Rio de Janeiro" (July 2016). 14550: 10987: 10894: 9952: 9874: 9754: 4507: 1415: 1133: 933: 414: 16392: 16246: 15202: 9633: 9051: 4814: 4235: 2064:

is the largest landfill in the city, extending from the center to the south zone, and containing museums and monuments, in addition to much vegetation.

22858: 16317: 15331: 14921: 12024: 7390: 6906: 5917: 15274: 14751: 13400: 6886:(ANA) is responsible for the setting standards regulating basic public sanitation services. In 2021–2022, distribution and treatment of sewage of the 6062: 4164:, Our Lady of Mercy School, SIS Swiss International School, the Corcovado German School, the Lycée Français and the British School of Rio de Janeiro. 339: 24000: 21953: 15999:

Behague, Gerard (2006). "Globalization/Modernization: Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in Brazilian Popular Music (1985–1995)".

15470: 9816: 9787: 6046: 4138: 1052: 15963:

Sansone, Livio. "The Localization of Global Funk in Bahia and Rio." In Brazilian Popular Music & Globalization, 135–60. London: Routledge, 2002.

15671: 13426: 11260: 9681: 9078: 6272:: One of the historical Brazilian Air Force airbases. It is also the location of the University of the Air Force (Universidade da Força Aérea), the 18896: 16871: 15801: 14288: 7552:

and the custom was brought by the Portuguese or Brazilian Imperial families who had French and Austrian German ancestors. Up until the time of the

5998:

Rio de Janeiro has inherited a strong cultural vocation from its past. It currently hosts the main production centers of Brazilian television: the

5895: 5729:(16%), and semi finished steel products (11%). Material categories of mineral products (42%) and metals (29%) make up 71% of all exports from Rio. 4262: 4215: 4195: 3559:, in the mid-to-late and late 20th century, as well some in the early 21st century (the latter more directed to peripheries than the city's core). 2304: 14777: 13760: 12893: 12709: 10167: 8790: 14599: 14496: 13217: 11001: 10806: 10538: 9184: 8236: 8198: 7402: 5585: 3812: 3123: 16297: 13942: 13881: 12945: 12567: 12329: 11549: 1615:

where most of the poor population lived. These people, mostly descendants of slaves, then moved to live in the city's hills, creating the first

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respectively. Rio is the first Brazilian and South American city to host the Summer Olympics. Rio de Janeiro also became the first city in the

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to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the

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station in April 1967. The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 8.1 °C (46.6 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011.

1551:

beside the textile factory. It was a five-a-side match between British workers, and took place six months before the first game organized by

15606: 15595: 13851: 13798: 11916: 11230: 2084:

Due to the high concentration of industries in the metropolitan region, the city has faced serious problems of environmental pollution. The

303: 23672: 22407: 21946: 14403: 12923: 12507: 11998: 11946: 10932: 9899:[Feeling like 48°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat] (in Portuguese). G1. 23 February 2010. Archived from 8692: 8298: 6977:

Rio currently brings together the main production centers of Brazilian television. Major international films set in Rio de Janeiro include

5949: 5929: 4858:, a new steel mill with its own private docks on Sepetiba Bay, which is planned to be South America's largest steel works. A tunnel called 4203: 4012: 11516: 8670: 8354: 20077: 18889: 18052: 16864: 16699: 14443: 12359: 11767: 10472: 5937: 5596:

sector comprises the largest portion of GDP (65.5%), followed by commerce (23.4%), industrial activities (11.1%) and agriculture (0.1%).

1781:

was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Though many thought that it was just

11683: 10446: 9974: 9922: 7704: 6168:

is located in Ipanema, a neighborhood in the South Zone of the city. The street and the nearby beach are popular in the LGBT community.

1502:. In order to separate the province from the capital of the Empire, the city was converted in Neutral Municipality in 1834, passing the 20916: 20900: 16782: 16673: 15703: 15513: 12054: 11896: 9414: 8407: 8129: 6971: 6335:; the wheat terminal with two warehouses capable of moving 300 tons of grains; General Load Terminal 2 with warehouses covering over 20 5941: 2276:

area. However, availability of sufficient rainfall to supply tap water to both metropolitan areas in the future is merely speculative.

1357: 1345: 918: 14665: 14639: 14613: 14180: 10288: 8939: 3887: 1498:

while the place was enriched with sugar cane agriculture in the Campos region and, especially, with the new coffee cultivation in the

21278: 20085: 18060: 15417: 12425: 5856: 5592:(which covers 11.3% of the population), this share in GDP rises to 14.4%, according to a study released in October 2008 by the IBGE. 94: 15573:"The Degradation of Rio de Janeiro's Urban Wetlands, Part 2: Pollution Produced Through a Historical Absence of Sanitation Services" 11576: 11464: 8842: 4231: 253: 20115: 18090: 16483: 15538: 14799: 11428: 11405: 9236: 8544: 8154: 7394: 7134: 6299:

is Brazil's third busiest port in terms of cargo volume, and it is the center for cruise vessels. Located on the west coast of the

5960:

are among the major companies headquartered in the city. The city has a significant number of pharmaceutical industries, including

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De Sa. On 20 January 1567, a final defeat was imposed on the French forces and they were decisively expelled from Brazil for good.

15977: 15361: 12619: 11790: 11627: 10840: 10361: 7853: 6022:. A significant part of the Brazilian editorial graphic industry is also present. In the phonographic industry, companies such as 4658:, built during colonial times to serve as a residence for the Portuguese governors of Brazil; many historic churches, such as the 2291:-like phenomenon in January 2011, for the first time in the region's recorded history, causing structural damage and long-lasting 24030: 23665: 22400: 19820: 17795: 16807: 16268: 16159: 16034: 15865: 15774: 15032: 15002: 14843: 14289:"o Regimento Interno da Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, Portaria nº 215 de 12 de agosto de 2004" 3503:

As a result of the influx of immigrants to Brazil from the late 19th to the early 20th century, also found in Rio de Janeiro and

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Plans for moving the nation's capital city from Rio de Janeiro to the center of Brazil had been occasionally discussed, and when

914: 219: 19485: 17460: 13352: 12739: 11846: 11823: 11342: 10530: 10498: 9951:[Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius] (in Portuguese). Rede TV!. 20 February 2013. Archived from 7890: 6078: 24020: 23777: 13997: 13322: 11098: 10342: 8324: 5512: 4797: 4479: 4462: 4342:

There have been a number of government initiatives to counter this problem, from the removal of the population from favelas to

4088: 3951: 879: 512: 14210: 11282: 9128: 8726: 7282:", which means "marvelous city". The song is considered the civic anthem of Rio, and is always the favorite song during Rio's 7111:

bourgeois cultural life, including numerous newspapers, in which most 19th-century novels were initially published in serial.

2347:

Between 1961 and 1990, at the INMET (Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology) conventional station in the neighborhood of

1944:

where the shoreline is oriented east and west; the city thus faces largely south. It was founded at the entrance to an inlet,

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Some of the best artists in the history of Brazilian popular music hail from Rio de Janeiro, including aforementioned Lobão,

6866: 1515: 1491: 1332:, thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than 16215: 15447: 13162: 12687: 12145: 9357: 9210: 4789:

and the city's Northwest. This region is home to the Maracanã (located in Grande Tijuca), once the world's highest capacity

23938: 23895: 23223: 23164: 21977: 20306: 18281: 16704: 16086:

Castro Brunetto, Carlos Javier (2013). "Arte popular y estética contemporánea en las escuelas de samba de Río de Janeiro".

16060: 13829: 8429: 8161: 7875: 7154: 7056: 6923: 6074: 4258: 4191: 4172: 1433:

From the colonial period until the first independent era, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was a large influx of

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Many state-owned companies, public foundations, and federal autarchies have their headquarters in the city, including the

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Amerindian before the tests, and yet their ancestry on average reached 80% European. Other studies showed similar results

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descent who moved to Rio from other parts of Brazil. Nearly half of the city's population is by phenotype mixed or black.

1948:(Baía de Guanabara), which is marked by a point of land called Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar) – a "calling card" of the city. 23817: 19520: 17495: 16797: 13560: 13296: 7669: 7199:) ranks as one of the largest libraries in the world. It is also the largest library in all of Latin America. Located in 7101: 4866:

facility between Barra da Tijuca and Santa Cruz, lessening travel time to the region from other areas of Rio de Janeiro.

4689: 4406: 3844: 3405:

speaking 20 languages in the region. A part of them joined the Portuguese and the other the French. Those who joined the

495: 16630: 16377: 13534: 13508: 11601: 11179: 4361:, the largest city in Brazil, has more favelas (1,020), but proportionally has fewer people living in favelas than Rio. 2268:

River is a major source for the state's most populous mesoregion). There were plans to divert the Paraíba do Sul to the

2053: 23990: 23039: 20528: 18503: 16666: 14947: 14372: 14257: 10802: 9180: 8031: 7841: 7565: 7460: 6285: 6058: 4527: 2045: 1624: 1043: 114: 19067: 17042: 13734: 13374: 12777: 11019: 10621:

Guilherme Suarez-Kurtz; Daniela D. Vargens; Claudio J. Struchiner; Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues; Sergio D.J. Pena (2007).

5544: 1414:, came into circulation during this period. When Brazil was elevated to Kingdom in 1815, it became the capital of the 207: 24035: 21304: 20150: 19603: 19445: 19140: 18125: 17578: 17420: 17115: 16185: 15175: 14530: 13573: 13243: 12273: 10620: 10318: 8902: 8502: 7789: 7785: 7443: 7024: 6662:, commute to Rio de Janeiro to study and work. There are several ferry services that operate between the Rio Centro ( 4677: 4161: 2296: 2170: 1861: 1683: 20342: 19365: 18964: 18317: 17340: 16939: 16364: 9925:[Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50°C this Tuesday] (in Portuguese). Yahoo! Notícias. 25 December 2012. 6857:. The bike sharing system has 600 bicycles available at 60 rental stations in 14 neighborhoods throughout the city. 5891: 20497: 18472: 16386: 15227: 13114: 12084: 9154: 7752: 7374:. Democratic renewal also allowed for the recognition and acceptance of this diversification of Brazilian culture. 6655: 6213:: used for all international and most of the domestic flights. The airport is connected to the express bus service. 5902:

play significant roles in the mining sector. The city also hosts the main national and international groups of the

5628:(BVRJ), which currently trades only government securities, was the first stock exchange founded in Brazil in 1845. 4096: 3959: 1655: 1563: 1391: 1382:

transferred the Portuguese royal court to Brazil, in 1807. It remained in Rio until its return to Portugal in 1821.

503: 270: 15077: 14980: 13601: 13482: 13187: 12807: 12175: 12115: 11490: 9595: 9495: 3440:. Most Brazilians with some cultural contact with Rio know how to easily differentiate between the local dialect, 2217: 1791: 23791: 22905: 20437: 19931: 19500: 18412: 17906: 17475: 16825: 16640: 16600: 15925: 15181: 11142: 8820: 8584: 8061: 7773: 7036: 6763: 6735: 6687: 6525: 4347: 4254: 4223: 4199: 3690: 2007: 1858: 1403: 1172: 1004: 599: 24: 23900: 19290: 17265: 16734: 13452: 12213: 8269: 6520:

with surface trains. It has 8 lines and 270 km (168 mi), with 102 stations. It carries around 750,000

6259: 4219: 2032:

The city has parks and ecological reserves such as the Tijuca National Park, the world's first urban forest and

1733:(South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains between 24010: 23985: 22820: 20559: 20036: 19613: 19270: 18534: 18011: 17588: 17245: 16792: 12485: 11598:"História da Alerj (Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) e da inauguração do Palácio Tiradentes" 10869: 7748: 7736: 7724: 5726: 4168: 4108: 2940: 2324: 1248: 1088: 1084: 891: 23149: 20718: 20031: 18693: 18006: 16238: 16111: 14546: 10593:"Consulado do Japão no Rio disponibiliza telefone para prestar informações sobre o país | Agencia Brasil" 4291:

teachers and 154,447 students. The city has six major universities and 47 private schools of higher learning.

2352: 2311: 23174: 23159: 19758: 19165: 19004: 17733: 17140: 16979: 15582: 15112: 11976: 9625: 9043: 8606: 8083: 7902: 7837: 7740: 7692: 7237: 7215:. The collection contains 48,236 items. Individual items of special interest include a rare first edition of 7179: 7081: 7052: 7028: 6933: 5625: 4685: 4487: 4211: 4056: 3536: 3520: 2265: 1795: 1766: 1628: 941: 20021: 20001: 19135: 17996: 17976: 17110: 16321: 14574:"G1 – Rio recebe quase 1 milhão de turistas homossexuais por ano, diz pesquisa – notícias em Rio de Janeiro" 12032: 8695:[Presenting Brazil's National Library] (in Portuguese). Fundação Biblioteca Nacional. Archived from 1884:. The city became the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after 1386:

The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of

1201: 23121: 21211: 20432: 19693: 19608: 19550: 19425: 19385: 18994: 18989: 18984: 18921: 18407: 17668: 17583: 17525: 17400: 17360: 16969: 16964: 16959: 16896: 16739: 16476: 14773: 14747: 14699: 13404: 7864: 7849: 7845: 7680: 7665: 4886: 4847: 4644: 4618: 4184: 3875: 3402: 3383: 3277: 3126:, there were 5,940,224 people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Since 1960, when it was surpassed by 2360: 1706: 1076: 1020: 524: 485: 178: 71: 20107: 19663: 18082: 17638: 15947: 15480: 14725: 11256: 7236:, to promote culture among the Portuguese community in the then capital of the Empire. The history of the 7129: 4715: 4171:

has certified approximately 99 upper-learning institutions in Rio. The most prestigious university is the

22982: 21130: 20669: 20549: 19840: 19315: 19215: 19014: 18949: 18644: 18524: 17815: 17290: 17190: 16989: 16924: 16544: 16531: 15308: 15251: 15142: 15063: 14899: 13430: 11312: 10215: 9546:[Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013] (in Portuguese). YouTube. 18 February 2013. 9213:(in Portuguese). Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. 7 October 2005. Archived from 9075: 8623:

Rio de Janeiro Footprint Focus Guide: Includes Maracana Stadium, Copacabana, Paraty, Ilha Grande, Ipanema

7989: 7906: 6123: 5552: 4757: 4731: 4704: 4555: 2154: 1909: 1757: 1738: 1730: 1527: 1034: 1008: 949:, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to 902: 23722: 19350: 17325: 15797: 14295: 5558: 2919:

Source: Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) (precipitation, humidity and sun 1961–1990)

2359:

station. The highest accumulated rainfall in 24 hours, 186.2 mm (7.3 in), was recorded at the

168: 23766: 23179: 22967: 22919: 21075: 20986: 20920: 20623: 20414: 20311: 20275: 20041: 19850: 19723: 19440: 19345: 19190: 19032: 18598: 18389: 18286: 18250: 18016: 17825: 17698: 17415: 17320: 17165: 17007: 14547:"Usually, tourists like to do as locals do – milk the city's sun-soaked atmosphere for all it is worth" 13768: 12885: 12382:"Перелік міст, з якими Києвом підписані документи про поріднення, дружбу, співробітництво, партнерство" 11234: 8786: 7708: 7650: 7196: 7091: 6775: 5906:

and the largest shipyards in the state and throughout Brazil, which produce about 90% of the ships and

5617: 4851: 4614: 4523: 4304: 2356: 2260:

and the worst in decades, affected the entire metropolitan region's water supply (a diversion from the

2129: 2106: 1893: 1632: 1395: 1104: 23761: 21105: 20814: 20181: 20051: 19926: 19633: 19510: 19305: 19220: 19150: 19057: 18979: 18954: 18789: 18156: 18026: 17901: 17608: 17485: 17280: 17195: 17125: 17032: 16954: 16929: 15891: 13209: 10928: 8240: 6502: 5613: 4176: 3867:(<0.1%). 858,704 had no religion (13.5%), and 113,530 followed other forms of Christianity (1.8%). 1698: 23184: 23101: 22957: 22900: 21055: 20934: 20865: 20337: 20244: 20046: 19455: 19340: 19285: 19245: 19200: 18840: 18312: 18219: 18021: 17430: 17315: 17260: 17220: 17175: 16845: 16751: 16714: 16661: 16564: 13950: 12563: 12321: 11739:"Regiões de Planejamento (RP), Regiões Administrativas (RA) e Bairros do Município do Rio de Janeiro" 11542: 11366:"Complicit States and the Governing Strategy of Privilege Violence: When Weakness is Not the Problem" 11063: 8036: 7825: 7744: 7060: 6404: 6255: 6224: 5524: 3896: 3816: 2272:(Cantareira system) during the water crisis of 2014 in order to help the critically drought-stricken 2121: 2090: 2023: 1854: 1826: 1786: 1751: 1100: 20462: 19310: 19280: 19275: 19052: 18437: 17285: 17255: 17250: 17027: 14466: 13972: 13889: 13401:"Economy Of Rio de Janeiro, need To Know Economy Of Rio de Janeiro, About Economy Of Rio de Janeiro" 12953: 10958: 10622: 10266: 10245: 9334: 6456: 3193:

in Brazil is defined more by having a European-looking phenotype rather than ancestry, and two full

23870: 23859: 23216: 22992: 21173: 21027: 20744: 20477: 20347: 20254: 19718: 19195: 19145: 19042: 18719: 18452: 18322: 18229: 17693: 17170: 17120: 17017: 15631:"Basic Sanitation Policy in Brazil: ideas, institutions and challenges in the Twenty-first Century" 13701: 13605: 11033: 8097: 7712: 7507: 7112: 6955: 6919: 6799: 6791: 6759: 6541: 5749: 4663: 3891: 3870: 2257: 2209: 2201: 1608: 1576: 1544: 1459: 1409: 1030: 822: 720: 604: 586: 538: 388: 371: 182: 46: 20845: 18999: 18820: 16974: 16746: 12863: 12381: 9300: 7613:. The festival is considered the eighth best in the world by the specialized site Fling Festival. 7002:, who is also one of Brazil's best-known directors; and the Oscar award-winning historical drama, 6418: 6245: 2371: 2348: 2089:

into it. The levels of particulate matter in the air are twice as high as that recommended by the

1310: 23106: 22787: 22767: 22748: 22730: 22712: 22694: 22676: 22658: 22640: 22622: 22604: 22586: 22568: 22550: 22532: 22514: 22496: 22478: 22460: 22442: 22362: 22342: 22322: 22304: 22286: 22262: 22244: 22226: 22208: 22184: 22155: 22137: 22108: 22090: 22066: 22048: 22030: 22012: 21994: 21974: 20860: 20603: 20502: 19921: 19870: 19865: 19753: 19628: 19480: 19460: 19415: 19107: 18929: 18835: 18578: 18477: 17896: 17845: 17840: 17728: 17603: 17455: 17435: 17390: 17082: 16904: 16835: 16469: 16425: 13859: 9547: 7886: 7821: 7696: 7240:

is linked to the Real Gabinete, since some of the early meetings of the academy were held there.

7015: 6959: 6625:), which remains the case today. It was designated a national historic monument in 1985. After a 6549: 6199: 6050: 5760:, and New York. Rio also had the most expensive hotel rates in Brazil, and the daily rate of its 5691: 5683: 5537: 4839: 4835: 4551: 4300: 4000: 3923: 3820: 3686: 2037: 1869: 1850: 1830: 1523: 1419: 1080: 1060: 1012: 731: 23926: 23782: 22843: 20674: 19855: 19490: 19355: 19205: 18649: 17830: 17465: 17330: 17180: 16724: 16357:. Royal Geographical Society of South Australia historical piece containing images of Rio, 1914. 14522: 14515: 14414: 14320: 12915: 12002: 10924: 8696: 8294: 7700: 7298: 7225:, published in 1584; two copies of the Mogúncia Bible; and a first edition of Handel's Messiah. 4317: 1222: 23995: 23139: 23091: 22875: 21248: 21195: 20723: 20554: 19996: 19618: 19465: 19380: 19027: 18959: 18944: 18698: 18529: 17971: 17593: 17440: 17355: 17002: 16934: 16919: 16729: 11145:[Colleges recognized by MEC, Vestibular, Handouts, University, Profession, Professor]. 10836: 8660: 7371: 7343: 6994: 6929: 6887: 6850: 6666:) and Niterói (Centro and Charitas). There is a traditional boat as well as several "fast cat" 6585: 6517: 6296: 6289: 6269: 6263: 6252:

airbase, sharing some facilities with Galeão - Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport;

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Major international pharmaceutical companies have their Brazilian headquarters in Rio such as:

5577: 5330: 4242:(CEFET/RJ). There are more than 137 upper-learning institutions in whole Rio de Janeiro state. 4007:(CNBB) (headquartered in Rio until 1977). Founded in 1676, it covers a territory of 1,721 km². 3828: 3504: 2944: 2299:

has advised that Brazil, especially its southeastern region, must be prepared for increasingly

2189: 1922: 1914: 1811: 1803: 1690: 1552: 1503: 1016: 957: 875: 746: 400: 212: 174: 20: 20201: 18176: 16766: 16683: 14865: 12351: 11143:"Faculdades reconhecidas pelo MEC, Vestibular, Apostilas, Universitário, Profissão, Professor" 10551: 10476: 6355: sq ft); and the Wharves of Are Cristovao with terminals for wheat and liquid bulk. 6230: 4768:. From 2001, the fireworks have been launched from boats, to improve the safety of the event. 1288: 22580: 20703: 20332: 20249: 19578: 19555: 19470: 19450: 19405: 19130: 19072: 18678: 18307: 18224: 17553: 17530: 17445: 17425: 17380: 17105: 17047: 16756: 10568: 10450: 8621: 7988:, with hundreds of routes all over the city, ranging from easy boulders to technical climbs. 7294: 7032: 6380: 6216: 6203: 6027: 5969: 5907: 5903: 5744:

201,9 billion in 2010. The per capita income for the city was R$ 22,903 in 2007 (around

5737: 5667: 5621: 5407: 4761: 4351: 4080: 4060: 4026: 3963: 3943: 3808: 3293: 3139: 2948: 2340:"feels-like" temperature is over 50 °C (122 °F), when there is little wind and the 2332: 1302: 23786: 19830: 19825: 19225: 17805: 17800: 17200: 15707: 14344: 12046: 11894: 8399: 8122: 7449: 6727: 6481:

is Rio's safest and cleanest form of public transport in the city. The first line runs from

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In the petrochemical sector, there are more than 700 companies, including Brazil's largest (

4160:

are also part of the official curriculum. There are also international schools, such as the

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of the city, which is why it received the canonical name "São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro".

1314: 1047:(Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and 23002: 21938: 21895: 21877: 21860: 21844: 21826: 21810: 21792: 21776: 21758: 21740: 21722: 21704: 21688: 21670: 21652: 21634: 21616: 21598: 21580: 21562: 21544: 21528: 21517: 21506: 21488: 21470: 21452: 21436: 21418: 21407: 21389: 21371: 21353: 21335: 21317: 21301: 21226: 20944: 20409: 20011: 19573: 19087: 18969: 18934: 18384: 17986: 17548: 17062: 16944: 16909: 16709: 15951: 14669: 14643: 14617: 10749: 10400: 9656:"Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira" 9453: 8023: 7867: 7860: 7829: 7817: 7809: 7781: 7777: 7766: 7676: 7255:

in 1972. Considered one of the great exponents of Brazilian music, Jobim internationalized

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Compared to other cities, Rio de Janeiro's economy is the second-largest in Brazil, behind

5671: 5317: 4790: 4437: 4276: 3516: 3445: 3429: 3413: 2232: 2146: 1889: 1865: 1838: 1778: 1272: 1234: 1056: 23703: 22962: 21205: 19430: 17405: 15421: 14822: 12417: 11429:"O lugar da cidade do Rio de Janeiro na Federação brasileira:uma questão em três momentos" 11382: 11365: 8268:. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 16 December 2008. Archived from 6304: 4659: 4471:

As the capital of the homonymous state, the city is the seat of the state government. The

4383: 2273: 1190: 8: 23745: 23688: 23209: 23015: 22944: 22924: 21079: 19941: 19738: 19335: 17916: 17713: 17310: 16635: 16610: 16421: 7980: 7952: 7801: 7732: 7728: 7473: 7222: 7204: 7117: 7044: 6963: 6638: 6371: 6249: 6150: 6035: 6011: 5879: 5690:. Major Brazilian entertainment and media organizations are based in Rio de Janeiro like 4801: 4566: 4266: 4145: 3985: 3824: 3776: 3556: 3532: 3437: 2315: 2041: 1941: 1721: 1682:, which was similar to the punishment slaves received. The mutineers took control of the 1679: 1443: 1379: 1375: 1072: 1068: 984: 937: 929: 922: 858: 784: 410: 100: 23713: 19946: 19683: 17921: 17658: 15647: 15630: 11573: 11439: 11397: 10753: 10404: 9457: 9244: 8165: 7659: 7483: 7358: 6835: 6663: 6430: 6127: 5802:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

5600:

and of the government were present in the city. The city was chosen as headquarters for

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The city of Rio de Janeiro was successively the capital of the Portuguese colony of the

2000: 1278:

The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was founded on 1 March 1565 by the Portuguese, led by

1048: 144: 23821: 22934: 22895: 22811: 22683: 22432: 22423: 21142: 20962: 19835: 19804: 19698: 19588: 17810: 17779: 17673: 17563: 16605: 16584: 16574: 16511: 16443: 16016: 15973: 12295: 11786: 11623: 10832: 10772: 10737: 10653: 10387:

Parra, FC; Amado, RC; Lambertucci, JR; Rocha, J; Antunes, CM; Pena, SD (January 2003).

10365: 9873:(in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from 9844:(in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from 9815:(in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from 9786:(in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from 9469: 9025: 8766: 8549: 7762: 7477: 7302: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7212: 7125: 7107:

After Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822, Rio de Janeiro quickly developed a

6984: 6739: 6332: 6273: 6109: 5875: 4854:, one of the largest and most populous of Rio de Janeiro's neighborhoods, most notably 4786: 4175:. It is the fifth-best in Latin America; the second-best in Brazil, second only to the 3832: 3682: 2336: 2269: 2183: 1959: 1897: 1782: 1762: 1667: 1279: 1256: 1241: 988: 190: 128: 122: 108: 79: 20016: 19981: 17991: 17956: 16354: 16276: 16163: 16038: 15869: 10623:"Self-reported skin color, genomic ancestry and the distribution of GST polymorphisms" 10423: 10388: 7386: 6939: 6742:); in spite of this, traffic jams are very common. Because of the organization of the 4817:, Madureira, Penha, Manguinhos, Fundão, Olaria among others. Many of Rio de Janeiro's 3911:, which is why it received the canonical name of "Saint Sebastian of Rio de Janeiro." 1611:, who was named mayor in 1902, imposed reforms to modernize the city, demolishing the 23952: 23827: 23029: 21929: 21258: 20996: 20992: 20316: 19794: 19435: 19260: 19255: 18881: 18291: 17769: 17410: 17235: 17230: 16856: 16091: 16020: 15652: 15313: 15256: 15171: 14593: 14526: 14490: 13609: 13569: 13348: 11842: 11624:"História do Palácio Tiradentes (Linha do Tempo) - Fonte: site do Palácio Tiradentes" 10995: 10777: 10736:

Durso, DF; Bydlowski, SP; Hutz, MH; Suarez-Kurtz, G; Magalhães, TR; Pena, SD (2014).

10712: 10645: 10523: 10502: 10428: 9029: 9017: 8665: 8627: 8600: 8554: 8498: 8077: 7882: 7792:

Games, but failed to become a candidate city both times. Those games were awarded to

7716: 7529: 7366:. Bands from Rio de Janeiro also had influence in the mid-to-late development of the 7363: 7233: 7229: 7208: 7108: 6747: 6498: 6482: 6408: 6090: 5860: 5636: 5528: 4850:. Industrial enterprises are being built in lower and lower middle class residential 4483: 4458: 4149: 4100: 4092: 3718: 3524: 2873: 2825: 2341: 1770: 1742: 1487: 1434: 1427: 1367: 1214: 1121: 906: 898: 632: 383: 21238: 21215: 20804: 20618: 20026: 19799: 19789: 19733: 19593: 19320: 19295: 18779: 18593: 18001: 17774: 17764: 17708: 17568: 17295: 17270: 16569: 13856:

Sindicato Nacional da Indústria da Construção e Reparação Naval e Offshore (Sinaval)

13326: 13183: 10657: 10339: 9473: 9465: 7898: 7758: 6671: 6308: 5999: 4723: 3552: 2261: 2128:

There are, on the other hand, signs of decontamination in the lagoon made through a

1555:

in São Paulo. However, the Bangu Football Club was not formally created until 1904.

1499: 1226: 23489: 22131: 21270: 21012: 20713: 19986: 19961: 19951: 19330: 18688: 17961: 17936: 17926: 17305: 16802: 16521: 16008: 15642: 15508: 11709:"Por que o Rio deveria virar um segundo Distrito Federal, segundo este pesquisador" 11377: 11286: 10767: 10757: 10738:"Association of genetic variants with self-assessed color categories in Brazilians" 10637: 10418: 10408: 10238:"População nos Censos Demográficos, segundo os municípios das capitais - 1872/2010" 9461: 9387:[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary]. 9132: 9009: 7928: 7684: 7537: 7453: 7439: 7339: 7159: 7141: 6987: 6787: 6704:

paying just one ticket. It is necessary to have a registered electronic card (the "

6589: 6359: 5844: 5696: 5343: 5291: 5187: 4846:. Santa Cruz and Campo Grande Region have exhibited economic growth, mainly in the 4681: 4651: 4511: 4472: 4443: 4339:, where 95% of the population are poor, compared to 40% in the general population. 4157: 4153: 3856: 3528: 3406: 3318: 3198: 3159: 2193: 1892:) to host the Games. Since the early 2010s, Rio de Janeiro has been inscribed as a 1659: 1495: 1230: 1146: 946: 418: 395: 186: 21244: 19976: 19901: 19638: 19525: 17951: 17876: 17613: 17500: 16211: 14150: 14120: 14090: 14060: 14030: 13266: 11869:"1950 World Cup Final registered the largest audience at Maracanã: 199,854 people" 8263:"Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto" 7585:

1.2 million attending the third, and about 350,000 people attending each of the 3

7310: 7263: 7087: 7048: 6911:(INEA) has primary responsibility for water pollution monitoring and enforcement. 6854: 6524:

a day on a railroad network comprising 104 stations in 12 cities: Rio de Janeiro,

6516:

system operated by SuperVia that connects the city of Rio with other locations in

4655: 2040:, which houses the highest point of Rio de Janeiro, the peak of Pedra Branca; the 1689:

and threatened to fire on the city. Another military revolt occurred in 1922, the

1263: 23853: 23755: 23657: 22392: 21095: 20708: 20569: 20186: 19971: 19956: 19916: 19891: 19583: 19395: 19390: 19360: 19250: 18683: 18544: 18161: 17946: 17931: 17891: 17866: 17558: 17370: 17365: 17335: 17225: 16554: 16516: 16436: 16400: 16381: 16368: 16304: 15822: 15672:"The endless struggle to clean up Rio de Janeiro's highly polluted Guanabara Bay" 15613: 15602: 15475: 15209: 15146: 13696: 13541: 13515: 13489: 12679: 12153: 11900: 11830: 11774: 11580: 10762: 10641: 10534: 10346: 10276: 9739: 9214: 9082: 8382: 7960: 7885:

Tennis tournament is held in the spring. As part of its preparations to host the

7644: 7575: 7318: 7306: 6979: 6807: 6751: 6506: 6444: 5965: 5961: 5761: 5679: 5601: 5570: 4719: 4700: 4622: 4503: 3955: 3904: 3860: 3548: 3512: 3368: 3353: 3190: 3155: 3147: 3143: 1842: 1371: 1333: 1298: 1218: 1186: 977: 910: 466: 158: 20066: 19505: 19175: 18041: 17480: 17150: 16064: 15738: 12769: 10687:"Negros e pardos do Rio têm mais genes europeus do que imaginam, segundo estudo" 8872: 7166:

published in newspapers of the time. Many of his short stories and novels, like

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were then exterminated by the Portuguese, while the other part was assimilated.

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was formed by residents whose ancestors had been brought as slaves, mostly from

23081: 22269: 22126: 21817: 21535: 21378: 21181: 20885: 20809: 20783: 20155: 19906: 19773: 19763: 19673: 19410: 19325: 18784: 18758: 18130: 17881: 17748: 17738: 17648: 17385: 17300: 16678: 16559: 16412: 15542: 14347:"Inaugurada a nova sede do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (Inpi)" 14232: 13919: 11204: 8789:(in Portuguese). Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. 7964: 7570: 7465: 7422: 7367: 7149: 6853:

is sponsored by the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with

6803: 6581: 6577: 5741: 5648: 4863: 4794: 4695: 4343: 4129: 4084: 3544: 3508: 3284:

as well), being more of a skin color rather than a racial group in particular.

3174: 3151: 3130:, the city of Rio de Janeiro has been the second-most populous city in Brazil. 2300: 1822: 1675: 1671: 1649: 1636: 1580: 1540: 961: 702: 20628: 20533: 20482: 19875: 19668: 19097: 18603: 18508: 18457: 17850: 17643: 17072: 13692:"UOL, Star One e Gilat launch UOLSAT, a pioneering Internet service in Brazil" 13602:"Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2011 – Top 50 cities: Cost of living ranking" 13300: 10528:, 2000, Rio de Janeiro, IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística 9543: 9013: 7217: 6692: 6646:

The most geographically close sister city to Rio that is on the other side of

6533: 5566: 4741: 2280: 2114: 2105:– have been dumped over the years by factories in the industrial districts of 1963: 1182: 23979: 23905: 23647: 23593: 22977: 22939: 22688: 22652: 22611: 22485: 22349: 22191: 22120: 22115: 21884: 21747: 21695: 21477: 21360: 20870: 20285: 20196: 19535: 19475: 19125: 18845: 18260: 18171: 17510: 17450: 17100: 16645: 16620: 16579: 16416: 16374: 15317: 15260: 14925: 11650:"Palácio Tiradentes é palco da posse de presidentes, de Washington Luís a JK" 9021: 8663:[Arrival of the Portuguese royal family changes Rio's architecture]. 8558: 8009: 7985: 7688: 7610: 7514: 7398: 7314: 7168: 7004: 6999: 6839: 6755: 6743: 6647: 6513: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6300: 6118:

Attractions in the city include approximately 80 kilometers of beaches,

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Municipality of Rio de Janeiro and its division into zones and neighborhoods

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and first in Brazil. In the sports field, Rio de Janeiro was the host of the

1846: 1535: 1439: 1399: 1268: 1210: 926: 470: 354: 341: 83: 20523: 20393: 20220: 19728: 19703: 18498: 18368: 18195: 17703: 17678: 16625: 15471:"Prefeitura lança Bike Rio, novo sistema de aluguel de bicicletas da cidade" 14951: 14380: 14345:

Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (10 May 2012).

14265: 11597: 10413: 10062:(in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from 9977:[Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research]. 8924:(in Portuguese). Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo. Archived from 7286:

in February. Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, are considered the center of the

7200: 4667: 4402: 960:

in the country, and 30th-largest in the world in 2008. This is estimated at

23921: 23874: 23848: 23614: 23499: 23251: 23020: 22799: 22616: 22454: 22055: 21925: 21677: 21641: 21254: 21185: 21138: 21016: 20160: 19911: 19768: 19545: 19265: 19240: 19235: 19160: 18135: 17886: 17743: 17520: 17240: 17215: 17210: 17135: 16422:

Explore Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea

15946:

Behague, Gerard. "Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in

15656: 15473:[City Hall launches Bike Rio, the city's new bike sharing system]. 15388:"Secretaria de Transportes autoriza reajuste da tarifa de ônibus 'frescão'" 14973: 12265: 10898: 10781: 10649: 10556: 10432: 9095:"Em 15 de março de 1975, Guanabara e Rio se transformaram num único estado" 8323:. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). 17 June 2005. Archived from 7948: 7944: 7940: 7924: 7901:. The stadium is owned by the city of Rio de Janeiro, but it was rented to 7557: 7548: 7542: 7414: 7330: 7174: 6767: 6553: 6158: 5984: 5656: 5647:. For many years Rio was the second largest industrial hub of Brazil, with 5632: 5459: 5005: 4805: 4395: 4125:

List of Rio de Janeiro schools, colleges, universities and research centers

4045: 3919: 3908: 3551:, Italian, German, Portuguese and older Portuguese-Brazilian heritage from 3540: 3233: 3186: 2292: 2072: 1818: 1644: 1600: 1588: 1531: 1329: 1321: 1252: 508: 23572: 22832: 22508: 21201: 20467: 20352: 19688: 19155: 18442: 18327: 17663: 17130: 16012: 14286: 13791:"ThyssenKrupp builds the largest steel complex in Latin America in Brazil" 10314: 10289:"A metrópole improvável: por que São Paulo virou a maior cidade do Brasil" 8906: 6795: 6654:. Many people who live in Niterói, as well its neighboring municipalities 6537: 6220: 6135: 5733: 5581: 5070: 4452: 4358: 3974: 3848: 3127: 1979: 887: 23883: 23749: 23624: 23588: 23068: 22724: 22575: 22562: 22472: 22355: 22144: 22097: 21921: 21711: 21628: 21482: 21459: 21152: 21002: 20830: 20388: 20280: 19540: 19530: 19077: 19037: 18860: 18805: 18363: 18255: 17515: 17505: 17052: 17012: 16360: 15312:. No. 988. UK: Mainspring Enterprises Ltd. April 2020. p. 128. 14836:"O DIA Online – Linha 3 do metrô vai receber R$ 35 milhões da União" 10524:

Venâncio, R.P., "Presença portuguesa: de colonizadores a imigrantes", in

9897:"Com sensação térmica de 48°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias" 9360:[Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution] (in Portuguese). 8943: 7984:), a type of beach tennis. Rio de Janeiro is also a popular location for 7913: 7857: 7836:

The city has a history as host of major international sports events. The

7581: 7525: 7469: 7351: 7326: 7183: 7144:

is from Rio de Janeiro, and is widely regarded as the greatest writer of

7040: 7010: 6234: 6189: 6019: 5832: 5213: 3947: 2240: 2236: 2049: 2017: 1985: 1937: 1885: 1640: 1604: 1473: 1178: 1038: 973: 23807: 21109: 21006: 20930: 20754: 20447: 19658: 19643: 18729: 18422: 17633: 17618: 16453: 15223: 14440:"Rio de Janeiro is the main tourist destination in the South Hemisphere" 12076: 9487: 9443: 6186:

The city of Rio de Janeiro is served by the following airports for use:

6131: 4571: 4515: 3555:

in the early and mid-20th century, together with people with origins in

3216: 1446:. The Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. 950: 23865: 23432: 23044: 22060: 21089: 20850: 20442: 19991: 19170: 18825: 18417: 17966: 17145: 16137: 15577: 12799: 12540:. Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. 15 September 1987. Archived from 9415:"For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash" 8434: 7956: 7932: 7920: 7322: 7271: 7256: 6771: 6696: 6626: 6572: 6529: 6233:: used by general aviation and home to the Aeroclube do Brasil (Brasil 6031: 5973: 5945: 5921: 5913: 5848: 5663: 5652: 5609: 5589: 4777:) begins at Grande Tijuca (the middle class residential and commercial 4543: 3915: 3761: 3182: 2932: 2224: 1799: 1710: 1694: 1584: 1341: 996: 621: 138: 21158: 21059: 20649: 20472: 20383: 18624: 18447: 18358: 15165: 11150: 11018:. Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA). 2000. Archived from 10882:

A história da Catedral, desde a pedra fundamental, até os dias de hoje

9755:"Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed" 7905:

for 20 years. Rio de Janeiro has also a multi-purpose arena, the

7720: 7192:. Amado, himself, went on to be one of the 40 members of the academy. 7077: 6651: 5898:(the largest steel mill in Latin America) and the Brazilian branch of 4238:(IMPA); Superior institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ) and 4228:

Superior Institute of Technology in Computer Science of Rio de Janeiro

3882:

Rio de Janeiro has had a rich and influential Catholic tradition. The

2303:

occurrences in the near future, since events such as the catastrophic

2110: 1807: 1612: 1507: 834: 23958: 23380: 23365: 23349: 23309: 23299: 23111: 23086: 22910: 22827: 22647: 22593: 22449: 22369: 22215: 22167: 21902: 21765: 21734: 21574: 21569: 21464: 21401: 21365: 21045: 20840: 20739: 20633: 20613: 20574: 20564: 20487: 20290: 20206: 20191: 20006: 19845: 19708: 19653: 18974: 18815: 18714: 18608: 18588: 18549: 18539: 18462: 18265: 18181: 18166: 17981: 17820: 17683: 17628: 16949: 16549: 15277:[Testing of the Santa Teresa tramway is a saga without end]. 11548:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. 2001. 9385:"Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário" 8812: 7970: 7871: 7805: 7606: 7553: 7418: 7410: 7252: 7163: 6667: 6561: 6545: 6521: 6154: 6146: 6119: 6067:

Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial

6039: 5867: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5777: 5748:). Largely because of the strength of Brazil's currency at the time, 5722: 5640: 5605: 5304: 5278: 5161: 5031: 4940: 4765: 4539: 4279: 4076: 4034: 3939: 3900: 3255: 3202: 2179: 2150: 2149:

Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of

1989: 1933: 1918: 1829:. Twenty years later, in 2012, the city hosted another conference on 1702: 1592: 1325: 1026: 1000: 969: 965: 698: 693: 75: 65: 23609: 21148: 21065: 20972: 20507: 19375: 19210: 18482: 17350: 17185: 14517:

Worldwide destinations casebook: the geography of travel and tourism

13632:"SP é a 10ª cidade mais cara do mundo para estrangeiros; RJ é a 12ª" 10865: 10112:"Record lowest temperature since 7.3 °C (45.1 °F) in 2000" 8971:"Revolta da Vacina: Oswaldo Cruz e Pereira Passos tentam sanear Rio" 8494:

Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbage

6723: 6675: 6659: 6509:

neighborhood. Integration with buses are possible in several forms.

6237:). The airport is located in the district of Baixada de Jacarepaguá. 6145:

Rio de Janeiro is an international hub of highly active and diverse

4785:), just west of the city center, and sprawls for miles inland until 1716: 1213:

on 1 January 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), during a

1019:. In addition to the beaches, landmarks include the giant statue of 23832: 23529: 23494: 23416: 23344: 23324: 23319: 23314: 23304: 23289: 23256: 23232: 23169: 23126: 23096: 23064: 23054: 23024: 22997: 22929: 22794: 22779: 22670: 22539: 22526: 22375: 22042: 21907: 21664: 21556: 21234: 21115: 20835: 20664: 20659: 20176: 19896: 19743: 19713: 19623: 19515: 19230: 19180: 19022: 18810: 18639: 18634: 18151: 17871: 17718: 17688: 17598: 17490: 17205: 17155: 16997: 16719: 15676: 13546: 13520: 13494: 9923:"Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50°C nesta terça-feira" 9333:(in Portuguese). Observatório Quilombola (OQ). 2001. Archived from 8462:"Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024" 7967:. Another sport that is highly popular in beaches of Rio is called 7916: 7881:

championships were contested on the beaches from 1985 to 2001. The

7594: 7378: 7267: 6951: 6846: 6826: 6783: 6600: 6494: 6400: 6095: 6003: 5925: 5852: 5687: 5548: 5096: 5065: 4992: 4753: 4068: 4064: 3931: 3927: 2936: 2093:, in part because of the large numbers of vehicles in circulation. 2057: 1734: 1116: 795:

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea

461: 21970: 21162: 21119: 21049: 20976: 20952: 20749: 19370: 19300: 19047: 18724: 17345: 17275: 17022: 15572: 15139: 14404:"Regimento Interno da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)" 14401: 11999:"SIDERÚRGICA DO ATLÂNTICO VAI GERAR 18 MIL EMPREGOS NA ZONA OESTE" 11972: 9975:"Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe" 9626:"Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts" 7382: 7248: 6599:

in Latin America, commenced electric operation in 1896, replacing

6266:. Today it is one of the most important Air Force Bases in Brazil; 6134:

replaced Rio de Janeiro as the Brazilian capital in 1960 and that

5265: 23479: 23458: 23411: 23406: 23385: 23370: 23329: 23294: 23284: 23154: 23034: 22987: 22972: 22873: 22742: 22598: 22490: 22256: 22196: 22078: 21804: 21752: 21551: 21495: 21430: 21425: 21069: 21039: 21035: 20966: 20654: 20056: 19860: 19648: 19598: 19420: 19092: 19062: 18939: 18629: 18031: 17835: 17623: 17573: 17395: 17067: 17037: 16914: 16787: 16461: 15203:

G1: Bombeiros confirmam cinco mortos em acidente com bonde no Rio

14821:

Material was copied from this source, which is available under a

12454:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. 29 November 2016. Archived from 11653: 10957:. Arquidiocese de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro. Archived from 9733:

Storm with winds above 90 km/h (56 mph) kill one in Rio

9682:"Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro" 9518:"Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense" 9272: 9102: 7936: 7878: 7347: 6954:

and capital of the country for many years, and was influenced by

6486: 6157:

staying open well past midnight. The city is an important global

5764:

were the second most expensive in the world after only New York.

5498: 5485: 5239: 5083: 5057: 5044: 4953: 4914: 4901: 4855: 4843: 4823: 4749: 4708: 4531: 4287: 4240:

Federal Center of Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca

4072: 3970: 3935: 3840: 3836: 3247: 3242: 3194: 2288: 2102: 1954: 1873: 1616: 1596: 1494:

in 1822, he decided to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his

1245: 655: 650: 152: 20956: 20457: 18432: 11519:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro. 10988:"Fiéis participam de procissão em homenagem ao padroeiro do Rio" 10895:"Fiéis participam de procissão em homenagem ao padroeiro do Rio" 10086:"Temperatura desta quarta no Rio é recorde histórico, diz Inmet" 8940:"Reforma Urbanística de Pereira Passos, o Rio com cara de Paris" 7655: 6565: 6473:

lines with 58 km (36 mi) and 41 stations plus several

5979: 4813:

with the South and Southwest Zones; Tijuca, Vila Isabel, Méier,

3428:

Portuguese immigrant in Rio de Janeiro, considered the largest "

23879: 23772: 23539: 23534: 23509: 23463: 23437: 23390: 23339: 23116: 23059: 22914: 22737: 22719: 22701: 22665: 22634: 22557: 22521: 22503: 22467: 22329: 22293: 22274: 22238: 22233: 22220: 22178: 22102: 22073: 22037: 21867: 21833: 21783: 21770: 21682: 21659: 21646: 21623: 21500: 21443: 21396: 21383: 21342: 21329: 21324: 21085: 20982: 20855: 20788: 20608: 20452: 20259: 19748: 19495: 19400: 19185: 19082: 18830: 18763: 18583: 18427: 18234: 17723: 17470: 17375: 17160: 17057: 16506: 16088:

Between categories, beyond boundaries: Arte, ciudad e identidad

14721: 14691: 13852:"Secretary highlights the revival of the shipbuilding industry" 12830:"Santa Comba y Río de Janeiro refrendan su relación de amistad" 12710:"Geminação entre cidades de Olhão e Rio de Janeiro vai avançar" 9303:[Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals]. 9243:(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional do Ambiente. Archived from 8587:. Paralumun.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008 8123:"TelluBase—Brazil Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" 8064:. paralumun.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008 7813: 7797: 7793: 7598: 7590: 7586: 6811: 6603:

and extending the route. At this time the gauge was altered to

6557: 6490: 5988: 5887: 5831:; the largest media and communications group in Latin America, 5420: 5394: 5369: 5200: 5174: 5148: 5135: 4966: 4782: 4745: 4336: 4326: 4308: 4261:(public), Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets (private) and 4167:

The city has several universities and research institutes. The

3852: 3815:(IBGE), in 2010 the population of Rio de Janeiro had 3,229,192 3417: 3260: 3178: 3163: 2033: 1881: 1423: 1387: 1337: 1158: 1153: 883: 376: 19678: 18867: 17653: 15533: 15531: 14895: 12650:"La Déclaration de Nice signée par la Ville de Rio de Janeiro" 11016:"Tabela 2094 - População residente por cor ou raça e religião" 10972: 10735: 10138:"Número de Dias com Precipitação Maior ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)" 8757:

Coaracy, Vivaldo (1955). Livraria José Olympio Editora (ed.).

8661:"Chegada da família real portuguesa muda a arquitetura do Rio" 8619: 4482:(ALERJ) is the state legislative body and is headquartered at 3565:

Genomic ancestry of non-related individuals in Rio de Janeiro

23544: 23504: 23484: 23442: 23375: 23334: 23261: 23246: 23201: 23144: 23049: 22774: 22335: 22316: 22311: 22251: 22173: 22162: 22149: 22024: 22019: 22001: 21851: 21799: 21729: 21716: 21610: 21605: 21587: 21347: 21099: 20061: 19966: 19936: 18036: 17941: 17911: 15918:"Um pedaço de Portugal no Rio de Janeiro – Opinião e Notícia" 15539:"Brazil government sells Rio water treatment for $ 4 billion" 15279: 14817: 11973:"Bispo do Rosário Museum, the contemporary museum of Colônia" 11435: 10473:"Portuguese descent in the city of Rio de janeiro and Brazil" 10192:. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from 10166:. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from 10140:. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from 7602: 7334: 7182:

is based in Rio de Janeiro. It was satirized by the novelist

5933: 5863:(the largest satellite management company in Latin America). 5757: 5702: 5472: 5446: 5356: 5018: 4979: 4818: 4793:

venue, able to hold nearly 199,854 people, as it did for the

4625:

district. Rio de Janeiro is administratively divided into 33

4535: 4245: 3997:

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro

3884:

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro

3864: 3333: 3265: 3237: 2228: 2175: 1877: 1620: 992: 21968: 16346: 7329:

born in Rio. A genre unique to Rio and Brazil as a whole is

6798:: take the BR-116 (Presidente Dutra Federal Highway) or the 5382:

Rio de Janeiro has the following partner/friendship cities:

3162:(6,531 or 0.1%). The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% 23619: 22760: 22755: 22629: 22544: 22006: 21592: 19102: 17077: 15895: 15743: 15528: 13216:(in Spanish). Unión de Ciudades Capitales Iberoamericanas. 11491:"Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil: Artigo 29" 11341:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 21 December 2011. Archived from 10973:"Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" 10866:"Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" 10241: 8843:"Tour Rio De Janeiro's Oldest Slave Port With This New App" 7894: 7510:

and construction was funded by the city of Rio de Janeiro.

7429: 6596: 5883: 5871: 5717:

retail businesses handle a large volume of consumer trade.

5644: 5226: 5122: 5109: 4927: 4547: 4321: 4030: 4003:, belongs to the Regional Episcopal Council Leste I of the 3424: 3167: 2250: 2098: 1769:. At the time, Rio de Janeiro was a city-state, capital of 16616:

Category:Buildings and structures in Rio de Janeiro (city)

14508: 14506: 13724:"Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional - CSN, Annual Report 2009" 13662:"Rio de Janeiro lidera lista de hotéis mais caros do País" 13535:"International Trade by Section for Rio de Janeiro (2014)" 12176:"Rio-Beirut project to link up sister cities' initiatives" 11067: 10386: 9520:(in Portuguese). Globo News. 12 March 2012. Archived from 7968: 7820:. In July 2007, Rio successfully organized and hosted the 6770:(between Barra and the Galeão International Airport); and 6497:

terminating at Pavuna in northern Rio; and the third line

4071:

churches. There are also evangelical churches such as the

3934:

Churches. In addition to evangelical churches such as the

1320:

In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the

15504:"Itaú patrocina programa de aluguel de bicicletas no Rio" 15332:"Passagem de ônibus municipal no Rio passa para R$ 4,30" 12716:(in Portuguese). DiariOnline Região Sul. 9 January 2018. 11398:"Rio violence: Police killings reach record high in 2019" 11335:"Rio é a cidade com maior população em favelas do Brasil" 11178:. Blickpunkt Straßenbahn. 24 January 2017. Archived from 9452:(6). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung: 711–728. 8721:[199 years of Brazil's first printed newspaper]. 7893:, to hold 45,000 people. It was named after Brazilian ex- 6738:, Avenida das Américas and Avenida Infante Dom Henrique ( 6023: 5899: 5506: 4249:

Superior institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ)

2071:(Parque Nacional da Tijuca), the largest city-surrounded 1926: 1240:

In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called

769: 662: 11680:"TJRJ conclui segunda etapa de reforma do Fórum Central" 11311:. Revistaepoca.globo.com. 31 August 2010. Archived from 10054: 10052: 7124:

The first notable work of realism focusing on the urban

6227:), which connects several transport systems to downtown. 5772: 5754:

city rankings of cost of living for expatriate employees

3811:

being the majority religion. According to data from the

2157:(center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the 1785:

rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília and a new

1244:, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French 983:

Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the

932:, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the 925:. She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the 16318:"Botafogo vai administrar estádio olímpico do Engenhão" 15628: 15392:

Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro - prefeitura.rio

15078:"First Alstom Citadis Tram Delivered to Rio de Janeiro" 14866:"Metrô Rio inaugura novo Centro de Controle de Tráfego" 14503: 10833:"Brazil – Statistics by Diocese by Catholic Population" 10616: 10614: 9596:"Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions" 9211:""Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta" 6595:

The Santa Teresa Tram is the oldest operating electric

3859:

Christians (<0.1%), 7,394 spiritualists (0.1%), 964

3240:, for example, in popular usage includes those who are 2117:, constructed under the supervision of State policies. 1765:

tanks along the streets of the city in 1968 during the

1639:

to Rio and created larger avenues to adapt the city to

921:, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen 18911: 16886: 14823:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

12566:. Diário Oficial do Rio de Janeiro. 15 December 2022. 10088:(in Portuguese). G1 Rio de Janeiro. 26 December 2012. 8922:"As reformas do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX" 8347:"Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil" 7679:

is the most popular sport. The city's major teams are

4692:(National Historical Museum) are the most important. 4389:

São Sebastião Administrative Center, seat of City Hall

4230:(IST-Rio); College of Publicity and Marketing (ESPM); 1267:

Between 500 thousand and one million slaves landed at

972:, and Latin America's largest telemedia conglomerate, 23892:: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea 15571:

Migliani, Felipe; Calé, Fernanda (20 November 2022).

15506:[Itau sponsors bike sharing program in Rio]. 14147: