Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine

2366: 3020: 2433: 2302: 2152:, they were greeted by Nikiforova and Makhno, who gave them a tour of the town. After the initial pleasantries, disagreements soon erupted when the Bolsheviks demanded the Military Revolutionary Council be abolished, a proposal which the insurgents could not accept as it was "created by the masses and on no account could it be disbanded by any authority at all." Despite this, the Bolsheviks and anarchists parted on friendly terms, with Kamenev promising they would "always find a common language with authentic revolutionaries like the Makhnovists." Kamenev immediately requested Nikiforova's conviction be commuted and published an open letter in which he refuted the misinformation being disseminated about the Makhnovists. Like Antonov-Ovseenko before him, Kamenev again called for the insurgents to be supplied with the necessary equipment that they had been promised by the government, claiming that meeting this request would help alleviate the disagreements between the two factions. 108: 326: 186: 1728:, the Makhnovists resolved to intervene on behalf of the Bolsheviks, who promised the anarchists military assistance which they had no way of providing. On 27 December, Makhno led a force of 600 insurgents in an attack against the city, quickly seizing the train station without bloodshed and taking over the guard posts. Despite seizing 20 machine guns, 4 artillery cannons and substantial ammunition, the Makhnovists were unprepared for street fighting in an urban environment, taking many more days to clear out the remaining nationalist forces from the city. Despite the anarchists playing the main role in the battle for Ekaterinoslav, the Bolsheviks decided that they would themselves take control of the city, appointing their own officers to key positions in the city's bureaucracy. But the anarchists and 2053:

which has just rid itself of all lawmakers and all laws? Is there some law according to which a revolutionary is alleged to have the right to enforce the harshest punishment against the revolutionary mass on whose behalf he fights, and this because that same mass has secured for itself the benefits that the revolutionary promised them... freedom and equality? Can that mass remain silent when the "revolutionary" strips it of the freedom which it has just won? Does the law of revolution require the shooting of a delegate on the grounds that he is striving to achieve in life the task entrusted to him by the revolutionary mass which appointed him? What interests should the revolutionary defend? Those of the party? Or those of the people at the cost of whose blood the revolution has been set in motion?

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the Cossacks. This surprise attack forced the insurgents to retreat from Mariupol and even give up Huliaipole to the Cossacks. It was then that the Makhnovists first learnt of Trotsky's declaration of war against them, but they continued to focus their attention of the White offensive, with Makhno even resigning his post in an attempt to appease the Bolsheviks. On 8 June, Trotsky responded with a hail of attacks against the Makhnovists, relishing the fall of Huliaipole to the Whites and declaring that "Makhno's rebellion is in the process of liquidation." Despite the rebuff, the following day, Makhno again attempted to offer the Bolsheviks his resignation and the subordination of the insurgent forces to the Red Army high command, reaffirming the terms of the alliance.

338: 228: 2083:. He subsequently inspected the brigade's reserve regiment, describing them as "devour with their eyes" while they listened to his speech about their collective struggle and the "necessity for iron discipline". As news came in of the insurgents' successful capture of Mariupol, Makhno proceeded to promise further successes at the front, provided that the insurgents received the necessary equipment. Makhno further elaborated on the material shortages that the insurgents were suffering and bemoaned the problems caused by the 9th Soviet Reserve Division, which he described as "prone to panic", claiming that "its command's sympathies lay with the Whites." Antonov-Ovseenko was also greeted with salutes by insurgents that had been charged with 1815: 198: 1557:, who had mistakenly been allowed passage by Makhno himself. The insurgents managed to halt the attack with machine gun fire, but following a failed cavalry charge, they were forced to fall back, pinned down by Hungarian sniper fire. Despite insurgent attempts to break the attack, Hungarian reinforcements forced the insurgents to retreat, having lost half of their 350-strong force, with Makhno, Shchus and Karetnyk all being wounded. Despite the defeat, the insurgents continued their sustained attacks against German colonists and Ukrainian landowners, eventually clearing the whole region around Huliaipole of the occupation and collaborationist forces. By the end of 1918, the entirety of 2889:. The Congress further decided that the army would be supplied by equipment captured from enemies, expropriations from the bourgeoisie and voluntary contributions made by the peasantry. Of the 100 million rubles seized from banks, Congress distributed 45 million to the insurgents, reserving another 3 million for the families of combatants. Workers in Berdiansk that prepared artillery pieces for the Makhnovists even extracted payment for their services, in stark contrast to the requisitioning practices of the Red and White armies. Congress also forbade the insurgents from consuming alcohol, under penalty of execution by firing squad. Barrels of alcohol were instead arranged by 1638: 3378: 269: 296: 243: 1955: 2263:, taking numerous Bolsheviks and Makhnovists as prisoners and having them hanged. According to Antonov-Ovseenko, the Makhnovists' inability to withstand this assault was due to their continuing lack of supplies and reinforcements, as the Red Army high command had turned its attentions towards Hryhoriv. Despite themselves having underestimated Shkuro's forces, the Red Army high command instead lay blame for the defeat on the Makhnovists and resolved to eliminate them, which caused a breakdown in the Red chain-of command as Antonov-Ovseenko again came to the insurgents' defense. The commander of the 284: 2717: 2092: 2223:. On 12 May, Kamenev sent a message to the Makhnovists, urging them to condemn Hryhoriv and side with the Bolsheviks, under threat of a "declaration of war". The Makhnovists responded by reiterating their loyalty to the Revolution and declaring that they would continue to fight on the front-lines until they had defeated the White movement. However, they stopped short of the requested condemnation, as they were still unaware of the details about Hryhoriv's uprising and resolved to put together a commission to investigate the affair. 3019: 49: 1445: 2161: 2704:, but a counterattack forced them back to Pomichna, causing 300 White casualties. According to Slashchov himself, the increasing Makhnovist assaults behind their lines were "sowing panic" within the White ranks, putting them in a position where they would either need to "fall back immediately in order to capture the Makhnovists' forces by night, and thus regain complete freedom of maneuver, or else attack at daybreak." They resolved to attack the following day, causing the insurgents to retreat towards 2007:. This resentment was intensified when the Bolsheviks' pledged material support did not manifest, with the insurgents receiving 3,000 poorly-made rifles and 100,000 rounds of ammunition, but none of the machine guns or artillery cannons which the Red Army command had promised. The supply of weapons was intentionally restricted by the Bolsheviks, who themselves resented the strong influence of anarchists and Left SRs within the insurgent ranks, particularly bemoaning the presence of 213: 980: 2940: 1694: 2641:, the Makhnovist sympathisers within the 45th Division were assigned to fight against the Ukrainian nationalists, during which the anarchist commander A.V. Mokrousov led the capture of an entire nationalist division's general staff, whilst engagements with the Makhnovists were handled exclusively by the Cheka. The final retreat of the Red Army from Ukraine left the country divided between the anarchists, Ukrainian nationalists and White Russians. 9163: 9314: 9068: 956: 2725: 2490: 311: 2058: 968: 449: 2786:, who shot himself after his men were all killed in a hail of insurgent machine gun fire and sabre charges. With the tide turned in the favor of the insurgents, they sent their cavalry and artillery in pursuit of the retreating Whites, leaving only a few hundred survivors. The insurgents also captured 23 artillery cannons and 100 machine guns, and took 120 officers and 500 soldiers as prisoners of war. 1908:. In one case, the insurgents seized 100 wagons of grain (1,467 tons) from the White movement, which they immediately shipped to Moscow and Petrograd, in an independent action that drew hostility from the Bolshevik command. The insurgents were also called upon to defend the regional population from excesses committed by regiments of the Red Army, which were engaging in acts of robbery and antisemitic 1317:. Ukrainian revolutionaries were either forcibly disarmed or evacuated to Russia, where the Red Guards also disarmed them. In an attempt to resist the invasion, Nestor Makhno formed a 1,500-strong volunteer detachment and made for Oleksandrivsk. But in their absence, Huliaipole was occupied by German troops, with the assistance of local Ukrainian nationalists. The anarchist detachment retreated to 2629:. The Red Army command resolved to stear clear of the Makhnovist lines, in order to avoid more defections, as they would be unable to reliably count on their own troops in an open conflict with the Insurgent Army. While retreating from Ukraine, the Red Army even destroyed their own equipment in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the insurgents, blowing up their armored trains in 2482:, with the local leader of the Bolsheviks attempting to enlist their aid, but the insurgents refused due in part to a lack of manpower and the continuation of their status as outlaws. When other insurgent detachments within the Red Army discovered that Makhno had been outlawed, they resolved to join him, with one brigade that had been named after Lenin even joining the Makhnovists. Makhno's 2661:. The first engagement between the Whites and Makhnovists was a surprise encounter outside Pomichna on 20 August, during which the White forces suffered heavy losses, including a number of their armored trains. The insurgents subsequently launched a number of cavalry attacks into the rear of the White lines, forcing 5,000 of the White troops to dig in around Yelisavetgrad, planning a 1782:; while a further 2,000 infantry and 800 cavalry spearheaded a White offensive against Huliaipole. As conflict on all of these fronts intensified, many peasants fled to Huliaipole, followed closely by the White advance. On 23 January 1919, the First Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Fighters was held in Dibrivka. Units of the Insurgent Army and the rural districts of the 2271:, as doing so would give them the necessary pretext to fill the insurgent ranks with Bolshevik party members and political commissars. Despite on the surface being an authentic deployment, Skachko described the conversion as an "organizational reshuffle" which would reign in the autonomy of the insurgents and set the groundwork for their liquidation. 2141:, to which he responded by reiterating his defense of the Makhnovists and criticising the Red Army's high command in Moscow for their lack of understanding of the military situation in Ukraine. Despite his best efforts, Antonov-Ovseenko's request to better equip the Makhnovists was not met and anti-anarchist polemics continued in the Bolshevik press. 2580:. He told them that the regiment in question had mutinied and quit the front, ordering the Spartacists to disarm and even shoot them, while the Melitopol regiment themselves had refused to fight back against "their own". But despite Dybets' best efforts, the Red Army command had decided to quit the Ukrainian front entirely and fall back to 1408:, raising the local peasantry to revolt. They held an assembly with 400 participants, which discussed the ignition of an insurrection and how it would be prosecuted, quickly working out a program of action. Within a day, the insurgent forces had taken control of the region without any bloodshed, briefly returning local infrastructure to 1581:. An intelligence service made up of volunteer women was also established, tasked with keeping track of enemy movements and reporting them to central command. The insurgent high command, which included Shchus and Karetnyk alongside Makhno, was almost wiped out not long after it was constituted, being encircled by occupation forces at 2528:, the Makhnovists made overtures to form an alliance with the Greens, while also setting up a commission to investigate Hryhoriv's antisemitism and his suspected collaboration with the White movement. The decision was made to merge the Green and Black forces and, on 27 July, the two held a mass meeting of 20,000 insurgents in 2997:. By Spring 1920, the Makhnovists had regrouped their forces enough to begin launching larger operations again, attacking the Red Army garrison at Huliaipole and successfully encouraging many Red troops to defect to their "Third Revolution". The Insurgent and Red armies continued to fight each other for months, but when a 2677:, but the two towns were quickly recaptured by the insurgents. The Whites again retook Arbuzynka and captured 300 prisoners of war, after the insurgents were forced to surrender due to a lack of ammunition, which became the main reason for the successes of the more well-supplied Whites against the insurgents. According to 2793:, with a number of White officers remarking in that moment: "It's over." As the White movement in Ukraine was no longer able to mount an assault, the 7,000-strong insurgent army split up in different directions to capitalize on their victory. In just over a week, the insurgents had occupied a vast territory in 2595:, as the Red Army defectors joined with Makhno's 700 cavalry and 3,000 infantry, forming a 20,000-strong armed force. The reestablished Insurgent Army was made up of three infantry brigades and a cavalry brigade commanded by Shchus, as well as an artillery division, machine-gun regiment and Makhno's personal " 1774:

northern front counted 10,000 insurgents; while 5,000 insurgents were kept in reserve at Huliaipole. By the middle of January 1919, the Makhnovist ranks totaled 29,000 fighters on the 550 km of front-lines and 20,000 in reserve. In response, the enemy ranks on all sides were sent reinforcements from the

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concluded his remarks by calling for repression to be carried out against any "atamans and straw commanders" in Ukraine and openly declaring his intention to abolish "the independent anarchist republic of Huliaipole", even to the extent of prioritizing the neutralization of the Makhnovists over fighting the

2681:, two-thirds of insurgent attacks during this period were attempts to capture White munitions. One notable example of this was the insurgent attack against Pomichna on 6 September, when a combined assault of the insurgents' armored trains and infantry, supported by a cavalry attack on the White rear at 2570: 2770:

reported that the retreat was constantly under attack by the insurgents, leading to a breakdown in the chain of command, with the Whites using what little ammunition they had remaining to repel the insurgent cavalry. In desperation, Almendinger's unit was forced to swim across the river and fall back

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left unmanned, the Kuban Cossacks took the opportunity to attack Huliaipole, which they took after "bitter fighting" with the local insurgents. Attempts by Huliaipole's local peasantry to resist the White attack, armed only with farming tools and a few rifles, were met with a massacre at the hands of

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and threatened them with "the most rigorous repressive measures". The Military Revolutionary Council sent a response that defended the Congress against these charges, explaining that it had first been convened to coordinate the activities of the insurgent army, at a time when the Red Army did not yet

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When insurgent forces occupied a village, they would set up guard posts on all sides to ensure they wouldn't be hit with surprise attacks and could retreat if necessary. They would also lay false trails to mislead the enemy on their direction of travel, frequently diverting course and moving at night

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and called for the insurgents to prepare for a Bolshevik attack within the week. On 26 November, the Red Army launched a surprise attack against the Makhnovshchina, simultaneously arresting prominent anarchists, capturing the insurgent capital of Huliaipole and assassinating members of the insurgent

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The Military Revolutionary Council thus closed its letter by declaring its intention to continue its activities, as it considered itself responsible directly to the people it represented. The controversy drew the attention of Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, who on 28 April visited Huliaipole, in order to

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On 10 April, the Third Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Fighters was held in Huliaipole, bringing together delegates from 72 districts, who represented over two million people. Before the Congress could adjourn, they received a telegram from Pavel Dybenko, who pronounced the congress to be

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in the south. But peasant conscripts within these forces often deserted and joined the Makhnovists, which saw their ranks swell over the following weeks: their southern front (250 km) came to count 15,000 rifles, 1,000 cavalry and 40 machine guns; the western front counted 2,000 insurgents; the

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the forces of the Central Council. Meanwhile, back in Huliaipole, Nestor Makhno led the local resistance to the Don Cossacks, successfully defeating and disarming them, before sending them home. Nestor also freed the imprisoned local workers and expropriated 250,000 rubles from the bank, in order to

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to "Insurgent Army", or "Revolutionary Insurgent Army". This term has less commonly been translated as "Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine" or "Revolutionary Partisan Army of Ukraine", with their own respective contractions "Insurrectionary Army" and "Partisan Army". The Russian Bolshevik

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ratified the proposed pact and ordered an immediate end to hostilities with the Insurgent Army. According to the military agreement: the Insurgent Army was to subject itself to Red Army's high command, while retaining its internal structure and autonomy; and the insurgents pledged not to accept any

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had also taken a toll on both sides of the conflict, with many insurgents having already succumbed to the disease. By the end of 1919, only 10,000 healthy soldiers remained in the insurgent ranks, most of whom were forced to retreat to their stronghold around Huliaipole, Melitopol and Nikopol. With

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by its political commissar Josef Dybets, who himself had no combat experience. Finding himself unable to sufficiently discipline the "independent" and "Zaporog" Melitopol regiment, he began looking for troops that could liquidate the unit. Other regiments within the division refused, forcing Dybets

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Can it be that laws laid down by a handful of individuals, describing themselves as revolutionaries, can afford them the right to declare outside of the law an entire people more revolutionary than themselves? Is it tolerable or reasonable that laws of violence be thrust upon the lives of a people

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held firm to their majority on the city's revolutionary committee, preventing the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, who responded by abandoning their military posts and allowing a nationalist counteroffensive to retake the city. With their main route of retreat cut off, the insurgents were forced

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where they held a conference, deciding that some would tour Russia to rally support, while others would remain behind to build a clandestine revolutionary organization. The conference set July 1918 as the date to regroup, upon which they would return to Huliaipole and ignite an uprising against the

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During a congress held in Aleksandrovsk at the end of October, a call was made for a "voluntary mobilization" of young partisans into the insurgent army, with those under 25 being dispatched to the front, while those over 25 would be committed to "local self-defense". The mobilizations resulted in

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and allowing the Whites to recover 400 POWs and three artillery cannons. The insurgents continued their retreat for two weeks, carrying with them 8,000 wounded and sick people, while engaging in daily skirmishes with the Whites. When the arrived at Uman, they found it in the hands of the Ukrainian

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To the Makhnovists, their integration into the Red Army had been an exclusively military decision, but the Bolsheviks saw it through a political lens, and took the decision to be a tacit recognition of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic's authority. The Ukrainian Soviet Army was itself composed "almost

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The Insurgent Army found itself trapped between the Red and White armies, facing attacks from both, which ignited an argument within the Makhnovist leadership over whether or not to form an alliance with the Red Army. A general assembly of the Insurgent Army narrowly came out in favour of such an

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and convoke regional congresses as the decision-making body for the region. In each town, the Insurgent Army appointed its own ambassadors to act as a liaison between the elected bodies and the armed forces, themselves not holding "any civil or military authority". The Makhnovists themselves were

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and later sat down with them for a meal, after which he toured a number of the town's secondary schools and hospitals. Antonov-Ovseenko would later note that while his report may have appeared to grant the insurgents some undue idealization, he insisted that he had striven to provide an objective

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to arrest the retreating Makhnovists, but they managed to intercept the message. The insurgents then found Voroshilov's armored train surrounded by Whites and saved their "would-be executioners" with a cavalry charge and machine gun fire. After unsuccessfully attempting to coax Makhno into their

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The structure of the RIAU was not that of a traditional army. Instead, the RIAU was a democratic militia based on soldier committees and general assemblies. Officers in the ordinary sense were abolished; instead, all commanders were elected and recallable. Regular mass assemblies were held to

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of the Makhnovschina between congresses; established a supply section to distribute equipment throughout the frontlines; and ordered a "voluntary" and "egalitarian" mobilization to ensure the continued functioning of the wartime economy. By this time, the insurgents had experienced such a rapid

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The Ukrainian provisional government stood by, first in Moscow and then in Kursk, until the workers and peasants of Ukraine had liberated the territory of enemies. Now that the enemy is beaten... some government appears in our midst describing itself as Bolshevik and aiming to impose its party

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The following day, Antonov-Ovseenko sent a message to Christian Rakovsky, in which the commander-in-chief praised the insurgents and categorically refuted the allegations of an anti-Soviet conspiracy, requesting the Ukrainian Soviet government to put an immediate end to the "senseless punitive

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and only narrowly saved by reinforcements. Another near-miss came on 20 November, when Makhno's ill-prepared detachment was attacked by a White Russian armored train, killing a number of his most experienced fighters and even resulting in rumours spreading throughout Ukraine of Makhno's death.

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At a regional insurgent conference, Makhno proposed that they open up a war on four fronts: simultaneously against the Hetmanate, Central Powers, Don Cossacks and White movement. It was decided to reorganize the insurgent forces into a unified army, using a federal model, with mixed battalions

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The insurgents subsequently carried out a series of attacks against the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators, with Makhno and Shchus infiltrating a White Russian meeting on a landowner's estate and blowing up their hosts with a bomb. This was likewise met with reprisals from the occupying

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decided to reject conscription and instead use moral persuasion. In other words, "compulsory mobilization" was rejected in favor of "obligatory mobilization", which meant that each able bodied man should recognize his obligation to join the RIAU. Leon Trotsky also declared that the RIAU was a

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in Ukraine was attacked directly by Leon Trotsky, who particularly took issue with the organization of the Insurgent Army, which he described as the "ugliest face of guerrilla warfare", due to its lack of enforced discipline and the voluntary election of its commanders by their units. Trotsky

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in Huliaipole responded by convening an extraordinary congress, declaring that "only the toiling masses will be able to devise a way out of the situation created, and not parties or individuals." Set for 15 June, the Fourth Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Fighters was to be held in

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in Ukraine, blaming the Bolsheviks for creating the conditions for the revolt. It was this proclamation, combined with severe Red Army losses against Hryhoriv, that led the high command to consolidate their forces around the Makhnovists, hoping that this would prevent them too from revolting.

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farms, although Makhno ordered that peaceful Germans be spared and even compensated for property damage. Over the following weeks, many insurgent bands began to rise up throughout the region, attacking the occupation forces and collaborators. It was at this point that the insurgents began to

2023:, would later boast of sabotaging the Makhnovist supply chains, recalling that he had once rerouted a requested shipment of leather at a time when "half of the Makhnovists were virtually barefoot". Despite the hostilities between the Soviet factions, the insurgents continued to aid the 3369:

voluntary militia, and seeing as Trotsky commanded the Red Army that eventually defeated the RIAU, he had no reason to lie in their favor. In Trotsky's words, "Makhno does not have general mobilisations, and indeed these would be impossible, as he lacks the necessary apparatus."

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The Makhnovist emissaries commissioned to investigate Hryhoriv were quickly arrested by the Bolsheviks, who accused them of being spies attempting to form an alliance with Hryhoriv. After they were released, the emissaries uncovered evidence of Hryhoriv's forces having committed

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controlled most of the remainder of Ukraine, but their forces were poorly equipped and isolated, opposed by the Allies, White and Red Russians alike. Caught between the Whites and the nationalists, the Makhnovists themselves had managed to capture a large amount of territory in

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forces, which led a counterattack against Dibrivka, burning down hundreds of houses in the village and attacking the local peasantry. The insurgents likewise carried out reprisals against German settlers that had collaborated with the occupation forces, burning down a number of

2692:, resulted in the capture of wagon-loads of ammunition. In the following days, the insurgents continued to raid behind the White lines, pinning them down at Pomichna and cutting them off from their rearguard. It was during one of these attacks that Hryhorii Makhno was killed. 2741: 2699:

assumed sole command of the front against the Makhnovists and was ordered by the White general staff to remain in control of Yelisavetgrad "at any price". Slashchov quickly launched an offensive into the insurgents' rear, rescuing a White division that had been trapped at

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under the command of the Makhnovist general staff, a resolution that was passed unanimously. They elected a central command headed by Bilash, who reorganized the 6,200 troops stationed on the front into five regiments. Each of these regiments were made up of three

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of the enemy camp and opened fire on the unarmed troops, forcing them into a panicked retreat, pursued by local peasants armed only with farming tools. After the battle was over, they had captured four machine guns and two munitions vehicles, along with 80 enemy

2278:, but the insurgents had already become alienated with their high command, resolving to reassert their autonomy and reestablish themselves as an "independent insurgent army". On 29 May, the insurgents issued a communique to the Ukrainian Front's command and the 3085:

The remaining insurgents managed to regroup, while the Red Army deployed all of its forces in Ukraine against them. But the Makhnovists continued to remain an ephemeral target, managing to break out of a number of encirclement attempts and waging a campaign of

2534: 1912:. The Insurgent Army itself harshly punished acts of antisemitism within its own ranks: the only documented case of insurgents committing a pogrom resulted in the execution of the perpetrators, with no more pogroms occurring in Makhnovist territory afterwards. 2191: 1964: 2432: 3130:

on 28 August. In exile, many of the Makhnovists found themselves drifting between a series of concentration camps and prisons. Leading figures of the Makhnovist movement, such as Volin, Peter Arshinov and Nestor Makhno himself, eventually ended up in

1416:", before declaring a general insurrection throughout Ukraine to overthrow the Hetmanate and oust the occupation forces. However, on 29 September, the Central Powers launched a counterattack, forcing the anarchists to evacuate the town and retreat to 1740:

began preparations for a congress to reorganize the Don front, which was still made up of largely disconnected and poorly-supplied partisan detachments. On 3 January 1919, delegates from each of the 40 insurgent detachments met for the conference at

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On 12 February, the Second Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Fighters was held in Huliaipole, drawing together 245 delegates from the Makhnovshchina's 350 rural districts. The delegation from Kharkiv reported on their negotiations with the

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From 24 January to 4 February, the Makhnovists fought hard battles with the Whites in order to maintain control of their territory, using up almost all of their ammunition in the process. It was in this situation that they began to look to the

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have any presence in the region. They even went so far as to elaborate the reasons for the insurgent movement's very existence, calling on Dybenko to reconsider his labelling of millions of workers as "counter-revolutionaries", asking of him:

1470:. In the face of overwhelming odds, Makhno managed to rouse the insurgents to attack the superior enemy force. Thus, on the night of 30 September, a 30-strong insurgent detachment split into two groups - one led by Shchus and armed with a 2781: 2399: 2687: 2346:, Trotsky would have preferred to surrender all of Ukraine to the White movement, rather than let the Makhnovschina continue to develop. Due to his sympathies for the insurgents, Antonov-Ovseenko was stripped of his command over the 2907:

led an attack against the city that forced the Makhnovists out after a week of fighting, leaving thousands of sick and wounded insurgents behind in the city and resulting in the cancellation of the planned Fourth Regional Congress.

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While the Makhnovists were at work attempting to construct a new society in Yekaterinoslav, they faced attacks from within by the Bolsheviks and from without by the White Cossacks. On 5 December, the Bolsheviks attempted to stage a

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and subsequent reprisals. On the way to Mariupol, the insurgents were able to disarm more Hetmanate units and seize their equipment for themselves, before linking up with the 60-strong insurgent force led by the anarchist sailor

1629:. The anarchist insurgent movement itself, which had only two months ago consisted of a small detachment in Ternovka, was now a tightly organized and battle-hardened fighting force: the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. 1941:

In defiance of the Bolsheviks, the Congress thus passed a resolution declaring the establishment of "freely elected, anti-authoritarian soviets", which would be independent of any political party. It also resolved to elect a

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Although they were now themselves under Bolshevik command, the insurgents retained the structure that Bilash had established, including the free election of unit commanders. Bilash himself met with his new commander-in-chief

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for publishing anti-anarchist attack pieces, declaring them to be deliberately provocative acts of misinformation and defending the Makhnovists as having demonstrated "extraordinary revolutionary valor". Finally, he ordered

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By the summer of 1921, the insurgents had largely been wiped out. With most prominent insurgent commanders killed or wounded, Makhno himself was eventually forced to retreat in order to have his wounds tended to, leaving

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nationalists, who offered them neutral ground for their wounded to be treated on. The Insurgent Army, now down to 8,000 troops, dug in outside of Uman and issued an appeal to nationalist troops that denounced their leader

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on 26 September. The insurgent infantry assaulted the White positions in the east and their cavalry attacked the White regiments from behind in the west, successfully routing the enemy forces. The Whites fell back to the

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spoke out against him, revealing the results of the Makhnovist investigation and condemning the "warlord" as a "counter-revolutionary". When Hryhoriv attempted to shoot Makhno, he was shot first by Chubenko, killing the

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himself referred to it as the "Black Army", in his later works about the conflict. Members of the army are generically referred to as "insurgents"; they have also been labelled "Makhnovists" or "Makhnovites" (from the

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into the fields, upon which they cut down the Austrian detachment with machine gun fire. Afterwards, the anarchists executed the local police chief and passed out propaganda to the conscripted troops, urging them to

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argues that voluntary mobilisation was in reality conscription. Other historians have disagreed. Michael Malet points to surviving RIAU leaflets from 1920 which are appeals to join, not orders. After long debate, a

2588:. However, much of the 58th Division refused to abandon Ukraine and subsequently left the Red Army, arresting their Bolshevik command and routing the Spartacists, before returning into the ranks of the Makhnovists. 1937:

dictatorship upon us. Is that to be countenanced? ...We are non-party insurgents, and we have revolted against all our oppressors; we will not countenance a new enslavement, no matter the quarter whence it may come!

1495:. With their officers having apparently abandoned them to the insurgents, the captured Ukrainian troops were shot, while the remaining Austrian soldiers were fed and released with some provisions, stripped of their 2243:, while also leaving room for the peasants that followed him to "leave Hryhoriv and rally again to the banner of revolution." However, they also analyzed the cause of his uprising to have been in reaction to the 2384:

Despite their lack of supplies and isolation from the Bolsheviks, the Makhnovists mounted a counter-offensive against the White positions at Yuzovka. With the previously Bolshevik-held section of the front at

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of Kherson. The Makhnovists immediately reported the act to the assembled green partisans, many of whom were then recruited into the anarchist ranks, while others rejoined the Red Army to fight against them.

3044:

units or deserters from the Red Army into its ranks. Despite the earlier hostilities, the insurgents acceded to the Bolshevik overtures, justifying the pact as a necessity due to the fight against Wrangel.

2970:. The two factions initially reunited amicably, but political divisions between the two quickly created a rift. When the Insurgents refused to integrate themselves into the Red Army and transfer to the 2845:

ports on the southern coast. As the Whites had now been cut off from their supply lines, the advance on Moscow was halted only 200 kilometers outside of the Russian capital, with the Cossack forces of

1573:

and artillery sections. With the consent of their forces, the commanders on each of the four fronts were given discretion to introduce military discipline into their ranks and would answer directly to

8039: 8029: 2653:, while only 15,000 held Eastern Ukraine. The nationalist forces immediately retreated from the White advance, which allowed the bulk of the White forces to converge on the Makhnovist positions at 1325:

By the time the anarchist forces returned to Ukraine, the country had been brought completely under the control of the Central Powers, which deposed the Central Council and replaced it with a new

2409:

custody, Voroshilov's detachment arrested and shot a number of members of the Makhnovist general staff. Trotsky also ordered the arrest of the Makhnovist chief of staff, Ozerov, who was tried by

2129:

to provide the Makhnovists with the supplies they urgently needed, officially requesting they be sent artillery cannons, 4 million rubles, ammunition, medical supplies and personnel, and an

3122:

in command of the core. Under constant pursuit by the Red cavalry, which caused many losses during their 1,000 kilometer journey, Makhno's small detachment retreated all the way to the

1625:

to return home to Huliaipole, but the shaky truce between the insurgents and the government began to weaken, as the Petliurists looked to form an alliance with the White movement under

2079:. At the insurgent capital, Makhno informed Antonov-Ovseenko of the situation at the front, introduced him to members of the local Soviet and reunited him with his "old acquaintance" 2333:, with each delegate representing either workers, peasants, insurgent units, the Makhnovist general staff, or branches of pro-Soviet political organizations. This renewed display of 1904:

Despite growing tensions between the insurgents and their Bolshevik commanders, due to their political differences, the insurgents displayed marked solidarity with urban workers in

1889:. The newly supplied rifles also enabled the insurgents to arm their reserves, which caused the 3rd Brigade to experience a rapid growth in numbers, even surpassing the size of the 1281:

appealed for support from the anarchists of Huliaipole. The town's poor peasants and anarchists resolved to intervene in the conflict, dispatching an 800-strong detachment, led by

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The poorly-equipped insurgents were then left almost entirely responsible for the southern front against the Whites. Following a tactical error by a Bolshevik-led division, the

2186: 1959: 2857:, relinquishing control of the port cities of Berdiansk and Mariupol. Nevertheless, the insurgents maintained control of the Dnieper and continued on to capture the cities of 1951:

influx of volunteers that they were unable to supply all of them with weapons, which left 70,000 people in reserve while 30,000 active-duty troops fought on the front-lines.

2974:, the Ukrainian Soviet government declared them to be outlaws. By February 1920, the Red Army had captured most of the region from the insurgents, forcing them underground. 1920:

of the Ukrainian Soviet government, who they stated had reaffirmed the Bolsheviks' alliance with the insurgents. The Congress then turned its attention to the issue of the

3348:. It was organized into four Corps and the strategic reserve. Each Corps had one infantry and one cavalry Brigade; each Brigade had 3–4 Regiments of the appropriate type. 3093:

Under constant pursuit by the Red Army, the insurgents resolved to scatter their forces into small, easily maneuverable detachments. The Makhnovist core made its way to

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to cut the Makhnovists off from their supply lines and force them to retreat to the north-west. On 5 September, they began their offensive with the bloodless capture of

1862: 3135:, where their exile continued up until their deaths. Bilash himself was unable to sustain the guerrilla war, with his detachment almost being wiped out in an ambush at 1365:

began to make moves to decisively reoccupy their hometown. Disguised as a detachment of the National Guard, they were able to disarm and attack unwitting units of the

2486:

soon linked up with other insurgent detachments that had fled from the White-occupied territories in Donbas, causing the Makhnovist ranks to grow by the thousands.

2416:

While the Red Army command had become preoccupied with the Makhnovists and Hryhorivites, they had increasingly ignored the front against the Whites. Within weeks,

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better gauge the situation on the ground. The Ukrainian commander-in-chief was given a warm welcome by the locals, who greeted him with an orchestral rendition of

816: 1690:. With the support of the local peasantry, their ranks were buffered by thousands of local insurgents, but they remained sorely lacking in arms and ammunition. 2760: 3068: 3365: 2746:, intending to finally annihilate them. Over the following days, skirmishes over the village resulted in its transfer between both sides, culminating in the 774: 2776: 2934: 9297: 2404:

to take over leadership of the front, while Makhno declared his intention to wage a guerrilla war against the Whites from the rear. Trotsky then ordered

2394: 1369:, a tactic which they made frequent use of. Aided by their disguises, they were able to reach Huliaipole within a few days, narrowly avoiding the local 2358:

officer. According to Alexandre Skirda, on 6 June, Trotsky signed Order 107, which banned the upcoming insurgent congress and ordered the arrest of any

1522:, as well as the foreign occupation forces, which increased the insurgents' standing with their poor peasant base. The insurgents started to establish " 1745:. Delegates expressed their need for supplies and a central command, to which Bilash responded by proposing the reorganization of the detachments into 7650: 2119: 1917: 1765:

In the process of reorganizing, the insurgent army found itself surrounded on all sides: they faced 2,000 Ukrainian nationalists in the north; 5,000

3139:, after which Bilash was arrested and executed. Despite the defeat, the Makhnovist insurrection continued on underground throughout the 1920s, with 9337: 1010: 1818: 1791: 867: 2003:. The Makhnovists were openly resentful of the auditing by the Cheka and commissars, with some insurgents even being shot for not submitting to 1877:. By 4 February, the Bolsheviks' supply of ammunition had allowed the insurgents to go back on the offensive, resulting in the quick capture of 1234:

responded to the attempted coup by leading a 200-strong detachment from Huliaipole, armed with only 10 rifles and a few revolvers, to disarm a

8054: 2736: 2036: 7501: 2529: 1310: 325: 185: 9347: 8151: 3811: 2599:". Many former green soldiers proved to be insubordinate and were thus discharged, as they still held on to antisemitism and lacked any " 1543: 3779: 9001: 3538: 1374: 3352:

discuss policy. The army was based on self-discipline, and all of the army's disciplinary rules were approved by soldier assemblies.

2286:, as they ultimately remained committed to their alliance with the Bolsheviks. Despite these attempts at concilliation, the Bolshevik 9377: 1921: 1890: 1404:

While the occupation forces were busy pacifying Marfopol, the anarchists finally returned to Huliaipole and scattered throughout the

852: 833: 202: 197: 1210:

of 1917, Makhno was released and returned to his hometown, where he began to organize the local peasantry. With the outbreak of the

1893:

that it was integrated into. With their numbers swelling, the insurgents pushed south and east over the following month, capturing

1441:. This rallying cry eventually resulted in the insurgents pulling together 1,500 volunteers, although only one-quarter were armed. 1349:, but before long returned to Huliaipole while disguised as a woman, in order to carry out attacks against the occupation forces. 9362: 3340:. At its peak in December 1919, it had about 83,000 infantry, 20,135 cavalry, 1,435 machine guns, and 118 guns, as well as seven 3056: 2283: 1721:

negotiating a truce between the two parties in order to effectively oppose Denikin. But after nationalists forcibly broke up the

366: 3694: 2649:

The Whites found their forces divided between the Russian and Ukrainian fronts, with 150,000 of their troops taking part in the

8004: 6972:

Shubin, Aleksandr (2010). "The Makhnovist Movement and the National Question in the Ukraine, 1917–1921". In Hirsch, Steven J.;

1433:

against the occupation since the Taganrog conference. The two forces resolved to join, so that they could successfully conduct

2853:

being diverted back towards Ukraine. Mamontov's 25,000-strong detachment quickly forced the Makhnovists to fall back from the

9372: 9119: 8086: 7527: 3751: 3713: 1733:

to cross over the frozen Dnieper river, with many either drowning in the icy water or being cut down by nationalist gunfire.

1466:, cutting off their route of retreat, but the Makhnovists managed to maintain their access to the forest through a series of 3047:

By the end of October, the insurgents had recaptured much of their home region and driven the Whites back to Crimea. Led by

2362:

from the Red Army units which joined Makhno to stand before the revolutionary tribunal and face punishment by firing squad.

2133:, among other miscellaneous pieces of equipment. Antonov-Ovseenko was thereafter criticized for his anarchist sympathies by 1985:

exclusively of detachments of local partisans", to the chagrin of the Bolshevik leadership, which sought to impose a strict

1309:

in February 1918, forcing the Bolshevik government to cede control of Ukraine in exchange for the formal recognition of the

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In the areas that were "liberated from all authority by the Makhnovist insurgents", locals were invited to elect their own

2564:, purging their ranks of any remaining Makhnovists in the process. Former Makhnovist detachments were reorganized into the 1003: 463: 8641: 8581: 7223: 2967: 2881:

and stressing that they would not commit "violence or looting, nor questionable searches" against the local populations.

2557: 2015:

before defecting to the Ukrainian anarchist movement. Josef Dybets, an anarcho-syndicalist turned Bolshevik who headed a

1842: 1717:. Efforts were made to avoid opening up a western front against the Ukrainian nationalists, with the insurgent commander 930: 342: 337: 232: 227: 2985:, resulting in a resurgence of peasant revolts. The Insurgent Army soon reconstituted itself and launched a campaign of 1548: 1379: 9262: 9222: 8076: 7113: 7073: 6993: 6937: 6904: 6796: 6774: 6747: 6712: 6097: 5993: 2035:

before abruptly halting due to their lack of arms and ammunition, equipment which they then attempted to seize from a

525: 398: 3105:. After regrouping again, the insurgents launched an attempted offensive against the Ukrainian Bolshevik capital of 1853:

from the Whites, on 26 January, the Insurgent Army dispatched Oleksiy Chubenko to meet with the Bolshevik commander

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to be supplied to the Cossack detachments of Andrei Shkuro, with the intention of "sapping their fighting spirit."

2016: 1873:, who reaffirmed the promise of additional supplies for the insurgents and the Red Army's intention to establish a 1523: 1290: 1270: 1206:" against wealthy locals, before much of the group was arrested and imprisoned for their activities. Following the 473: 3154: 2282:, demanding that they be granted their requested independence, albeit still subject to the general command of the 8916: 8631: 3260: 2674: 2295: 996: 6427:

Piotr Arshinov. "The Makhnovist Movement." Gods, No Masters: An Anthology of Anarchismno, edited by Daniel Gurin

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rose up against the new government. Anarchists in Oleksandrivsk, led by Nikiforova, responded by establishing a

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In mid-1919, the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine had a strength of some 15,000 men, organised into one

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was experiencing revolts against the Central Powers, growing to such an extent that the German high command in

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and secure a military alliance between the two forces. The Insurgent Army was subsequently absorbed into the

1590: 1503:

them). For his military prowess during the battle, Nestor Makhno reluctantly accepted the honorific title of

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There is historical debate about whether the RIAU was an entirely voluntary militia or whether it relied on

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As conscripts began to desert the Ukrainian nationalist forces en masse, the Bolsheviks finally broke the

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falling into a retreat, the territories that had been cleared by the Insurgent Army were occupied by the

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Antonov-Ovseenko was able to foil Skachko's plan and attempted to revert the insurgent detachment into a

2219:

against the Bolsheviks, taking with them signifiant amounts of equipment and seizing control of parts of

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Nevertheless, Antonov-Ovseenko's reports attracted a number of prominent Bolshevik officials, including

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the insurgent army's ranks swelling to 80,000 soldiers, who together controlled almost the entirety of

2756: 1274: 515: 381: 17: 8396: 7141:"The economics of military innovation under anarchy: The case of the Ukrainian Civil War of 1917–1921" 6584: 3883: 9192: 9112: 8871: 8486: 8166: 8161: 7640: 7628: 7506: 7450: 7425: 7375: 7310: 7240: 6197: 6153: 5829: 3377: 2877:

greatly concerned with their own conduct in the captured areas, aiming not to interfere with renewed

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and had become infamous for his antisemitism, having carried out pogroms that killed 3,000 people in

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and secure the release of peasant conscripts from the White Russian and Ukrainian nationalist ranks.

1478:. They faced a well-armed force led by 500-strong Austrian battalion, and supported by 100 Ukrainian 1175: 1148: 1118: 1037: 217: 212: 2420:

had fallen entirely into the hands of the White movement, with even the Ukrainian Soviet capital of

1345:

and began to carry out raids against enemy positions. Makhno himself formed a peasant detachment in

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by poisoning Makhno but the plan was uncovered and the conspirators were executed. On 22 December,

2650: 2024: 1834: 1254: 468: 31: 9292: 8286: 6823: 1218:, Makhno established a revolutionary defense committee that set about "disarming the entire local 8956: 8646: 8616: 8561: 8556: 7785: 7565: 7543: 7496: 7216: 3859: 3191: 3052: 2772: 2626: 1826: 1766: 1755: 1314: 1203: 1179: 821: 520: 432: 386: 8331: 9277: 9247: 8931: 8866: 8801: 8726: 8706: 8701: 8546: 8536: 8381: 7883: 7700: 7682: 7635: 7582: 7516: 7511: 7390: 7380: 7370: 7315: 6655: 3345: 2347: 2309: 2008: 1947: 1614: 1535: 1199: 651: 6704: 2909: 1954: 9031: 8841: 8821: 8781: 8766: 8611: 8591: 8371: 8146: 8121: 8064: 8014: 7460: 7405: 7270: 7260: 7255: 7101: 6660: 4043: 3470: 3337: 2971: 2951: 2922: 2842: 2747: 2355: 2065: 1858: 1683: 1654: 1622: 1385: 1338: 1334: 1306: 1266: 1129: 1082: 828: 495: 480: 376: 6807: 2731:

a soldier best known as one of the commanders of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine

9317: 9252: 9105: 9086: 8947: 8936: 8926: 8911: 8901: 8851: 8806: 8786: 8736: 8716: 8711: 8691: 8686: 8671: 8666: 8651: 8636: 8621: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8551: 8541: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8457: 8271: 8241: 8231: 7985: 7959: 3301: 3078: 3014: 2728: 2716: 1865:, with Dybenko promising to provide them with sorely-needed weapons, ammunition and money. 1617:

as its government. The new government granted amnesty to all political prisoners, allowing

1434: 1370: 1258: 1226:", resulting in the establishment of numerous agrarian communes. On 10 September [ 940: 900: 546: 510: 5889: 5869: 8: 9182: 9177: 9021: 8906: 8896: 8881: 8861: 8856: 8836: 8816: 8811: 8776: 8771: 8761: 8741: 8696: 8676: 8596: 8586: 8516: 8411: 8301: 8182: 8096: 8059: 8034: 7999: 7974: 7941: 7930: 7750: 7740: 7655: 7623: 7536: 7465: 6973: 6847: 6694: 6598: 3570: 3487: 3102: 2899: 2846: 2622: 2600: 2525: 2178: 1996: 1409: 1286: 1235: 1207: 905: 505: 500: 6808: 6177: 6057: 6037: 9079: 8891: 8876: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8721: 8656: 8606: 8601: 8386: 8311: 8126: 8116: 8019: 7953: 7919: 7873: 7209: 7091: 7056: 6896: 6622: 6589: 3768: 3738: 3397: 3244: 3127: 3074: 3005:, their priorities began to shift towards combating the counter-revolutionary advance. 2943: 2771:

to Novoukrainka, having sustained heavy losses, with barely 100 men remaining out of 6

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and 80 National Guardsmen, in total outnumbering the insurgents by over 20 times. In a

1250: 1215: 1139: 1109: 1054: 1028: 698: 671: 485: 157: 8256: 6221: 5809: 2775:. The final line of retreat was covered by a battalion of 60 men under the command of 2351: 9202: 9187: 9051: 8981: 8826: 8731: 8626: 8341: 8211: 7994: 7947: 7710: 7587: 7440: 7300: 7162: 7119: 7109: 7079: 7069: 7039: 7029: 6999: 6989: 6960: 6943: 6933: 6910: 6900: 6875: 6865: 6835: 6827: 6792: 6770: 6753: 6743: 6718: 6708: 6678: 6668: 6638: 6630: 6614: 3772: 3742: 3730: 3679: 3669: 3450: 3276: 3087: 2986: 2790: 2662: 2386: 2216: 1986: 1874: 1778:: 2,000 infantry and 300 cavalry to the Mennonites; 10,000 infantry to the Whites at 1467: 1463: 1430: 1187: 1093: 1090: 1074: 801: 728: 631: 626: 571: 361: 162: 150: 6437: 2913:

the Makhnovists on the defensive and the White Russians retreating back towards the

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in areas they knew well. On 15 November, a Hungarian attack against the village of

1500: 1492: 1413: 1405: 1330: 1295: 1231: 972: 960: 713: 641: 636: 581: 576: 330: 190: 132: 7187: 3618: 3265: 2539:. After Hryhoriv called for war against the Reds and an alliance with the Whites, 9207: 9011: 8421: 8321: 8316: 8296: 8266: 8221: 8216: 8206: 8171: 8044: 7893: 7715: 7690: 7618: 7395: 7275: 6851: 6602: 3475: 3028: 2994: 2904: 2798: 2696: 2553: 2475: 2417: 2330: 2220: 2091: 1558: 1527: 1487: 1389: 1366: 1326: 1223: 1211: 984: 935: 718: 661: 611: 601: 288: 283: 135: 48: 8376: 8196: 6925:

The Anarchism of Nestor Makhno, 1918–1921: An Aspect of the Ukrainian Revolution

2160: 1444: 9142: 9026: 9016: 8276: 8191: 8101: 7815: 7810: 7800: 7735: 7705: 7420: 7350: 7305: 7285: 7280: 7157: 7140: 7051: 6077: 5789: 3708: 3435: 3412: 3292: 3281: 3048: 3040: 2959: 2710: 2678: 2581: 2463: 2437: 2343: 2252: 2130: 2099: 2000: 1783: 1770: 1666: 1650: 1618: 1598: 1438: 1362: 1302: 1282: 1183: 1086: 811: 806: 688: 646: 621: 586: 561: 556: 440: 315: 273: 112: 72: 7095: 6814:. Praeger Publications in Russian History and World Communism. Vol. 114. 6791:. Vol. III: Struggle for the Real Social Revolution. Free Life Editions. 6682: 6257: 4335: 3939: 3764: 3726: 9331: 9147: 8436: 8391: 8356: 8336: 8291: 8246: 8141: 8091: 8009: 7830: 7775: 7360: 7355: 7335: 7166: 7123: 7003: 6879: 6839: 6815: 6757: 6731: 6642: 6618: 4139: 3734: 3502: 3420: 3405: 3381: 3341: 3224: 3119: 3069:

Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict § Second phase (November 1920–August 1921)

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Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940

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seized control of Oleksandrivsk from the revkom, the city's Bolsheviks and

1262: 1134: 1108:"Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine" is the common translation of the 1078: 910: 786: 764: 708: 666: 418: 77: 6341: 6325: 2393:

With Makhno's command of the 7th Division relinquished, Trotsky appointed

2148:, to themselves visit Huliaipole the very next week. Again to the tune of 1641:

French soldiers, mixed with civilians and White Army soldiers, during the

1565:

even conceded to insurgent demands of amnesty for their prisoners of war.

9282: 9128: 8446: 8416: 8406: 8361: 8236: 7825: 7780: 7745: 7435: 7345: 6690: 6650: 6580: 4011: 3665: 3660:(1994). "Extract from 'Once More: Kronstadt'". In Cotterill, D.J. (ed.). 3440: 3360: 3323: 3140: 2935:

Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict § First phase (January–September 1920)

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No longer under Red Army command, the insurgents were reduced to a small

2145: 2103: 1795: 1594: 1582: 1219: 915: 738: 606: 596: 5853: 2939: 2833:. By 20 October, the insurgents had occupied the southern stronghold of 2789:

The White defeat at Peregonovka marked the turning point for the entire

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Huliaipole, bringing together delegates from 90 districts throughout

2020: 1894: 1779: 1751: 1687: 1475: 1471: 1066: 676: 9313: 6241: 5945: 4595: 4199: 2759:, abandoning the others to the insurgent assault. The White colonel 2294:, issuing a warrant for his arrest and for him to be tried before a 9152: 8351: 7908: 7592: 7410: 7025: 6610: 5087: 3749:

Serge, Victor (2000). "Thirty years after the Russian revolution".

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Towards the end of August, the Insurgent Army was reconstituted at

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was liquidated and the Red Army fell back to the right-bank of the

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to an end and resulting in the end of their occupation in Ukraine.

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On 22 September, the Whites attacked the surrounded insurgents at

2621:

was also struggling with the Makhnovist sympathies within his own

2231:. The commission would end up issuing a condemnation against the " 1454:

used by soldiers of the Insurgent Army, on display at a museum in

1437:

against not only the Central Powers but also against the invading

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Following the defeat of the Whites, the insurgent chief-of-staff

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against the Bolsheviks, targeting attacks against members of the

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A flag used by the 2nd Consolidated Infantry Regiment of the RIAU

6831: 6634: 6542: 6526: 4079: 3995: 2267:, Anatoly Skachko, decided to convert Makhno's brigade into the 2111:

measures" against the anarchists. He also openly criticised the

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Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (January–February 1919)

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Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (August–December 1919)

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With the insurgents beginning to force the Whites back east,

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alone. Due to Hryhoriv's support among the poor peasantry of

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Insurgent Army combat group, headed by Fedir Shchus (center)

1794:, who sought to strengthen the front-lines with veterans of 1589:

By this time, the Central Powers had been forced to sign an

1357:

On 22 September 1918, the Huliaipole anarchist group around

1337:

against libertarian activists. Following Makhno's return to

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In the areas they captured, the Bolsheviks carried out the

2947: 2705: 2638: 2493:

Bolshevik propaganda poster depicting the struggle against

1602: 1496: 6357: 5909: 5777: 5753: 5712: 5676: 5652: 5628: 5580: 5556: 5532: 5508: 5472: 5460: 5421: 5394: 5370: 5358: 5346: 5334: 5310: 5271: 5259: 5235: 5211: 5175: 5147: 1401:

back home, before releasing them in different directions.

27:

Anarchist army of Ukrainian peasants and workers (1918–21)

6436:

An Anarchist FAQ "5 How were the Makhnovists organised?"

5731: 5729: 5727: 5438: 5436: 5411: 5409: 5300: 5298: 5047: 4768: 4688: 4383: 3330: 3112: 2043:"counter-revolutionary", declared its participants to be 1518:

characterize their fight as being against landowners and

1242:, capturing the town and seizing the regiment's weapons. 5037: 5035: 5020: 2259:

managed to breach through the soviet lines and captured

1705:

The Insurgent Army was largely occupied on the front in

55:

Inscription in Russian: "Death to oppressors of workers"

6767:

Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–1921

6558: 6514: 4996: 4960: 4924: 4912: 4876: 4852: 4828: 4804: 4740: 4716: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4647: 4623: 4547: 4535: 4479: 4455: 4431: 4355: 4311: 4259: 4159: 4067: 1153: 1123: 1042: 6928:. Publications on Russia and Eastern Europe. Seattle: 6442: 6385: 6293: 5765: 5741: 5724: 5700: 5688: 5664: 5640: 5616: 5604: 5592: 5568: 5544: 5520: 5496: 5484: 5448: 5433: 5406: 5382: 5322: 5295: 5283: 5247: 5223: 5199: 5187: 5119: 5059: 3983: 3695:"Dictatorship and Democracy in the Russian Revolution" 3638: 1486:, the two small insurgent bands positioned themselves 6478: 6466: 6454: 5032: 4780: 4728: 4571: 4407: 3062: 1762:, where every unit would elect their own commanders. 1341:, the first Makhnovist detachment was established in 1285:, towards Oleksandrivsk in order to join up with the 6502: 6490: 5008: 4984: 4972: 4948: 4936: 4900: 4888: 4864: 4840: 4816: 4792: 4659: 4635: 4611: 4583: 4559: 4523: 4467: 4443: 4419: 4395: 4323: 4299: 4271: 4231: 4171: 4127: 4031: 3971: 1653:

having pulled out of Ukraine, in December 1918, the

9298:

Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists

7097:

Road to Revolution: A Century of Russian Radicalism

3959: 3711:(2000). "On Socialism: The Ideas of Victor Serge". 3097:, before swinging around and heading back over the 2516:. Hryhoriv was still at war with the Red forces of 2031:, even pushing as far as Denikin's headquarters in 1352: 1273:(revkom) to combat the counterrevolution. When the 3055:, defeating the Whites and bringing an end to the 2644: 2584:, as the White movement had begun to move against 1632: 6980:. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. 6438:http://anarchism.pageabode.com/afaq/append46.html 1989:over the partisans, deposing a number of popular 1709:, where they were engaged in skirmishes with the 9329: 2928: 2603:". The Makhnovist ranks were also joined by the 2137:, who urged him to focus their resources on the 1809: 7145:Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 6693:(1988). "Nestor Makhno: The Man and the Myth". 3051:, the insurgents then played a key role in the 1819:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1736:The insurgents fell back to Huliaipole, where 9113: 7217: 3008: 2478:. They soon came upon a White attack against 1932:displaying marked frustration on the matter: 1004: 6729: 6415: 6403: 2436:Commanders of the Insurgent Army, including 7090: 2155: 1474:, the other led by Makhno and armed with a 1186:launching a terrorist campaign against the 1178:first spread throughout Ukraine during the 9120: 9106: 9002:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 7224: 7210: 6783: 2713:as a "champion of the bourgeois classes". 2458:, which counted 100–150 cavalry and a few 1305:responded to the outbreak of civil war by 1011: 997: 7156: 2607:, with the insurgents even having broken 2290:responded by pronouncing Makhno to be an 7050: 6787:(1974). "Part II: Ukraine (1918–1921)". 3707: 3376: 3018: 2938: 2723: 2715: 2488: 2431: 2364: 2300: 2159: 2090: 2056: 1953: 1813: 1692: 1636: 1443: 1230:27 August], the Ukrainian anarchist 9338:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine 7138: 6957:Nestor Makhno: The Life of an Anarchist 6846: 6805: 6267: 6207: 6163: 6135: 6107: 6083: 6003: 5931: 5899: 5879: 5839: 5795: 4513: 4373: 4289: 4249: 4221: 4145: 3825: 3793: 3580: 3552: 3057:Southern Front of the Russian Civil War 2611:out of prison, in the territory of the 2427: 2235:", denouncing him specifically for his 2068:and vocal supporter of the Makhnovists. 1786:sent 100 delegates, largely made up of 1754:, which were in turn composed of three 1669:, with 50,000 Allied troops landing at 1384:, where they encountered forces of the 1125:Revoliutsiina Povstanska Armiia Ukrainy 1044:Revoliutsiina Povstanska Armiia Ukrainy 1025:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine 797:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine 42:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine 14: 9330: 8005:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 7010: 6971: 6954: 6889:Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War 6689: 6649: 6585:"Russian Anarchists and the Civil War" 6579: 6552: 6536: 6520: 6448: 6391: 6379: 6363: 6351: 6335: 6319: 6315: 6299: 6287: 6251: 6235: 6231: 6215: 6211: 6191: 6171: 6167: 6147: 6143: 6119: 6115: 6091: 6071: 6051: 6031: 6015: 6011: 5987: 5971: 5955: 5939: 5915: 5903: 5883: 5863: 5847: 5823: 5803: 5783: 5771: 5759: 5747: 5735: 5718: 5706: 5694: 5682: 5670: 5658: 5646: 5634: 5622: 5610: 5598: 5586: 5574: 5562: 5550: 5538: 5526: 5514: 5502: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5427: 5415: 5400: 5388: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5289: 5277: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5217: 5205: 5193: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5153: 5141: 5137: 5125: 5113: 5109: 5097: 5093: 5081: 5077: 5065: 5053: 5041: 5026: 5014: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4966: 4954: 4942: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4894: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4846: 4834: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4758: 4746: 4734: 4722: 4710: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4653: 4641: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4601: 4589: 4577: 4565: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4413: 4401: 4389: 4377: 4361: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4293: 4277: 4265: 4253: 4237: 4225: 4209: 4205: 4193: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4133: 4121: 4105: 4089: 4073: 4061: 4049: 4037: 4025: 4005: 3953: 3933: 3917: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3849: 3837: 3833: 3817: 3805: 3801: 3785: 3689: 3632: 3600: 3584: 3564: 3560: 3544: 3532: 3528: 3113:Defeat, exile and underground activity 1412:and re-establishing "the power of the 203:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets 9101: 7205: 6921: 6886: 6764: 6564: 6548: 6532: 6508: 6496: 6484: 6472: 6460: 6375: 6347: 6331: 6311: 6283: 6271: 6263: 6247: 6227: 6203: 6187: 6183: 6159: 6139: 6131: 6111: 6103: 6087: 6067: 6063: 6047: 6043: 6027: 6007: 5999: 5983: 5967: 5951: 5935: 5927: 5895: 5875: 5859: 5843: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5799: 4189: 4149: 4117: 4101: 4085: 4057: 4053: 4021: 4017: 4001: 3989: 3977: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3929: 3913: 3893: 3869: 3853: 3829: 3821: 3797: 3789: 3752:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 3748: 3714:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 3656: 3644: 3628: 3624: 3612: 3596: 3576: 3556: 3548: 3524: 3520: 3264: 3223: 3189: 3158: 1841:proclaiming the establishment of the 1114:Революційна Повстанська Армія України 1096:society from 1918 to 1921 during the 1033:Революційна Повстанська Армія України 2755:, with one regiment going as far as 2504:The Insurgent Army retreated to the 1530:, setting a precedent for releasing 2968:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 2558:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1843:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1222:and abolishing its rights over the 1077:. They protected the operation of " 931:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 343:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 233:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 24: 9348:Anarchist organizations in Ukraine 9263:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front 7131: 3063:Renewed conflict with the Red Army 25: 9389: 7197:The Unknown Revolution, 1917–1921 7175: 6806:Footman, David (1961). "Makhno". 6789:The Unknown Revolution, 1917–1921 1294:fund the activities of the local 1182:, with organizations such as the 9378:Ukraine in the Russian Civil War 9312: 9161: 9066: 8040:International Conference of Rome 8030:International Conference of Rome 7017:Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack 6430: 6421: 3196:(Red Army) (February–April 1919) 3023:The Insurgent Army stationed in 2981:and implemented their policy of 2801:, including the major cities of 2552:With the Bolsheviks having quit 2207:by way of an attack against the 2203:refused an order to relieve the 1507:from the victorious insurgents. 1462:The insurgents were ambushed in 1353:Foundation of the Insurgent Army 1073:peasants and workers during the 978: 966: 954: 447: 336: 324: 309: 294: 282: 267: 241: 226: 211: 196: 184: 106: 47: 9127: 7139:Maltsev, Vladimir (June 2023). 7020:. Translated by Sharkey, Paul. 6573: 3150: 2645:Campaign against the White Army 2340:White offensive against Kharkiv 1633:Intensification of the conflict 1609:from power, reconstituting the 1569:composed of cavalry, infantry, 9363:Paramilitary forces of Ukraine 9258:Uruguayan Anarchist Federation 8152:Australian Anarchist Centenary 8077:German Revolution of 1918–1919 7184:from the Kate Sharpley Library 6930:University of Washington Press 3650: 3143:going on to fight against the 3001:pushed as far as the gates of 2829:and the Makhnovist capital of 2413:and shot the following month. 2322:Military Revolutionary Council 2288:Revolutionary Military Council 2280:Council of People's Commissars 1944:Military Revolutionary Council 1788:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 1730:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 1673:and being deployed throughout 1329:, restoring the rights of the 1279:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 1103: 770:Military Revolutionary Council 13: 1: 7791:Decentralized planned economy 7231: 3702:International Socialist Forum 3508: 3498:Explosion in Leontievsky Lane 3372: 3126:, finally crossing over into 3027:, making plans to attack the 2929:Campaign against the Red Army 2627:White offensive against Odesa 2576:to enlist 700 Germans of the 2269:7th Ukrainian Soviet Division 2187:6th Ukrainian Soviet Division 1960:6th Ukrainian Soviet Division 1810:Integration into the Red Army 1214:threatening the gains of the 1170: 1098:Ukrainian War of Independence 526:Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict 399:Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict 394:Ukrainian War of Independence 9373:Political history of Ukraine 7386:Proletarian internationalism 7182:Makhnovist movement articles 3535:, pp. 152–222, 362–392. 3230:(Red Army) (April–July 1919) 3227:7th Insurgent Rifle Division 2837:, taken full control of the 2064:, commander-in-chief of the 1758:, in turn composed of three 1245:The seizure of power by the 1061:), named after their leader 7: 9243:Libertarian Communist Union 8087:1919 United States bombings 7188:hrono.ru "Махно и махновцы" 7066:University of Toronto Press 6862:University of Toronto Press 3481: 3251:11th Ignatievsky Regiment, 2966:, which re-established the 2613:Ukrainian People's Republic 2601:revolutionary consciousness 2215:" subsequently launched an 1679:Ukrainian People's Republic 1611:Ukrainian People's Republic 1154: 1124: 1043: 926:Ukrainian People's Republic 301:Ukrainian People's Republic 248:Ukrainian People's Republic 10: 9394: 9042:Situationist International 8112:Spanish Revolution of 1936 7970:Self-managed social center 7158:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.04.020 7106:Princeton University Press 6701:Princeton University Press 6665:Princeton University Press 3615:, pp. 57–80, 178–241. 3286:3rd Yekaterinoslav Corps, 3242:8th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, 3240:7th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, 3208:8th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, 3206:7th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, 3145:Nazi occupation of Ukraine 3066: 3012: 3009:Alliance with the Red Army 2932: 2320:On 31 May, the Makhnovist 1976:, during their entry into 1275:Central Council of Ukraine 1165: 516:Northern Taurida Operation 382:Northern Taurida Operation 29: 9309: 9271: 9230: 9221: 9193:Collective responsibility 9170: 9159: 9135: 9061: 8946: 8506: 8456: 8181: 8167:Really Really Free Market 8162:1999 Seattle WTO protests 7984: 7856: 7764: 7728: 7681: 7604: 7535: 7526: 7476: 7451:Temporary autonomous zone 7376:Permanent autonomous zone 7311:Consensus decision-making 7239: 3765:10.1080/03017600108413456 3727:10.1080/03017600108413453 3271: 3253:12th Don Cavalry Regiment 3235: 3201: 3165: 2308:inspecting troops of the 2265:2nd Ukrainian Soviet Army 2205:Hungarian Soviet Republic 2139:White offensive in Donbas 2062:Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko 1946:, which would act as the 1928:, with the delegate from 1871:Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko 1863:3rd Trans-Dnieper Brigade 1176:Insurrectionary anarchism 1158:), after their commander 1143: 1113: 1058: 1032: 411: 387:Perekop-Chonhar Operation 354: 259: 218:Ukrainian Soviet Republic 176: 168: 156: 144: 128: 118: 101: 91: 60: 46: 41: 9288:Friends of Durruti Group 8157:Carnival Against Capital 8082:Bavarian Soviet Republic 8071:Manifesto of the Sixteen 7965:Radical environmentalism 7914:Independent Media Center 7846:Workers' self-management 7291:Autonomous social center 6959:. Winnipeg: Echo Books. 6416:Bilash & Bilash 1993 6404:Bilash & Bilash 1993 3662:The Serge–Trotsky Papers 3579:, pp. ix, 94, 164; 3211:9th Trans-Dnepr Regiment 3176:4th Insurgent Regiment, 3174:3rd Insurgent Regiment, 3172:2nd Insurgent Regiment, 3170:1st Insurgent Regiment, 3077:declared the end of the 2508:, into the territory of 2424:before the end of June. 2156:Mutinies in the Red Army 1861:and became known as the 1399:revolutions of their own 1371:German occupation forces 172:103,000 in December 1919 32:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 30:Not to be confused with 7786:Cost the limit of price 6955:Peters, Victor (1970). 6922:Palij, Michael (1976). 6887:Malet, Michael (1982). 6785:Eikhenbaum, Vsevolod M. 6769:. London: Pluto Press. 3249:10th Donskoi Regiment, 3193:3rd Trans-Dnepr Brigade 2921:once again launched an 2017:revolutionary committee 1827:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1769:in the west; and 4,500 1601:had also led a coup in 1373:. They continued on to 1315:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1311:Russian Soviet Republic 1271:revolutionary committee 1190:. In the small town of 1180:1905 Russian Revolution 1089:, an attempt to form a 1069:army formed largely of 847:Political organisations 158:Political position 9278:Alternative libertaire 8582:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7391:Propaganda of the deed 7381:Prefigurative politics 7371:Participatory politics 7316:Conscientious objector 6656:The Russian Anarchists 3393: 3178:5th Insurgent Regiment 3090:against the Red Army. 3032: 2955: 2732: 2721: 2637:. While retreating to 2501: 2449: 2381: 2317: 2296:revolutionary tribunal 2185:A few days later, the 2182: 2107: 2069: 2055: 2027:against the Whites in 1999:to oversee the army's 1981: 1939: 1924:'s authority over the 1822: 1702: 1646: 1459: 1429:, who had been waging 1267:Ukrainian nationalists 1259:counterrevolutionaries 1200:Union of Poor Peasants 781:Military organisations 481:Austro-German invasion 474:Oleksandrivsk Uprising 9293:Libertære Socialister 9032:Libertarian socialism 8147:Kate Sharpley Library 8122:Red inverted triangle 8065:High Treason Incident 8055:Congress of Amsterdam 7461:Voluntary association 7271:Anti-authoritarianism 7261:Anarchist criminology 7256:Anarchist Black Cross 7102:Princeton, New Jersey 6765:Darch, Colin (2020). 3471:Oleksandr Kalashnykov 3463:Regimental commanders 3380: 3022: 2942: 2839:regional rail network 2748:Battle of Peregonovka 2727: 2719: 2492: 2435: 2368: 2304: 2163: 2094: 2066:Ukrainian Soviet Army 2060: 2050: 1957: 1934: 1859:Ukrainian Soviet Army 1817: 1806:as a potential ally. 1696: 1640: 1623:Alexander Kalashnikov 1553:was aided by a local 1534:, while shooting the 1447: 1386:Austro-Hungarian Army 1202:, which carried out " 829:Ukrainian Soviet Army 496:Battle of Perehonivka 377:Battle of Peregonovka 9358:History of anarchism 9353:Communism in Ukraine 9253:Revolutionary Action 9238:Anarchist Federation 9073:Anarchism portal 8477:Fictional characters 7960:Radical cheerleading 6988:. pp. 147–191. 6974:van der Walt, Lucien 6853:A History of Ukraine 6736:Дороги Нестора Махно 6418:, pp. 333, 340. 6350:, pp. 139–145; 6334:, pp. 129–139; 6234:, pp. 187–188; 6214:, pp. 186–187; 6186:, pp. 121–122; 6166:, pp. 298–300; 6134:, pp. 120–121; 6110:, pp. 298–299; 6106:, pp. 117–121; 6066:, pp. 114–116; 6046:, pp. 112–114; 6014:, pp. 127–128; 6002:, pp. 110–111; 5934:, pp. 294–295; 5930:, pp. 100–107; 5902:, pp. 292–293; 5842:, pp. 290–291; 5168:, pp. 177–178; 5140:, pp. 176–177; 4376:, pp. 261–262; 4052:, pp. 182–183; 3900:, pp. 152–155; 3892:, pp. 209–210; 3876:, pp. 151–152; 3828:, pp. 258–301; 3820:, pp. 212–221; 3796:, pp. 258–301; 3788:, pp. 212–217; 3583:, pp. 277–278; 3555:, pp. 262–301; 3547:, pp. 214–221; 3531:, pp. 122–123; 3527:, pp. 64, 177; 3302:Middle Dnieper group 3297:7th Chernihiv Corps, 3079:Starobilsk agreement 3015:Starobilsk agreement 2995:requisitioning units 2761:Vladimir Almendinger 2729:Panteleimon Belochub 2428:Renewed independence 2372:and his officers in 2245:political repression 1997:political commissars 973:Socialism portal 961:Anarchism portal 941:Zaporozhian Cossacks 901:Anarchism in Ukraine 511:Starobilsk agreement 469:Ukrainian–Soviet War 9183:Class consciousness 9178:Anarchist communism 9022:Left-libertarianism 8097:Kronstadt rebellion 8035:Trial of the Thirty 8000:Revolutions of 1848 7942:No gods, no masters 7751:Synthesis anarchism 7741:Anarcho-syndicalism 7729:Types of federation 7092:Yarmolinsky, Avrahm 6810:Civil War in Russia 6730:Bilash, Oleksandr; 6696:Anarchist Portraits 6599:Hoboken, New Jersey 6366:, pp. 260–261. 6354:, pp. 272–288. 6338:, pp. 264–271. 6322:, pp. 259–260. 6238:, pp. 251–252. 6218:, pp. 249–250. 6194:, pp. 248–249. 6174:, pp. 247–248. 6150:, pp. 246–247. 6122:, pp. 238–240. 6074:, pp. 227–232. 6054:, pp. 223–227. 6018:, pp. 196–197. 5942:, pp. 187–194. 5918:, pp. 181–187. 5906:, pp. 170–180. 5886:, pp. 168–174. 5882:, p. 291–293; 5866:, pp. 167–168. 5850:, pp. 166–167. 5826:, pp. 163–165. 5786:, pp. 160–161. 5762:, pp. 156–157. 5721:, pp. 153–154. 5685:, pp. 137–138. 5661:, pp. 136–137. 5637:, pp. 135–136. 5589:, pp. 131–133. 5565:, pp. 130–131. 5541:, pp. 129–130. 5517:, pp. 127–128. 5481:, pp. 124–125. 5469:, pp. 125–126. 5430:, pp. 122–123. 5403:, pp. 121–122. 5379:, pp. 120–121. 5367:, pp. 118–119. 5355:, pp. 119–120. 5343:, pp. 117–118. 5319:, pp. 115–116. 5280:, pp. 112–113. 5268:, pp. 111–112. 5244:, pp. 109–111. 5220:, pp. 108–109. 5184:, pp. 107–108. 5156:, pp. 105–106. 5144:, pp. 104–105. 5116:, pp. 103–104. 5084:, pp. 101–102. 5056:, pp. 100–101. 4777:, pp. 170–171. 4697:, pp. 169–170. 4392:, pp. 163–164. 3836:, pp. 29–128; 3832:, pp. 13–192; 3824:, pp. 20–163; 3804:, pp. 44–114; 3800:, pp. 13–192; 3792:, pp. 32–163; 3635:, pp. 127–128. 3631:, pp. 54–106; 3603:, pp. 126–128. 3559:, pp. 29–180; 3551:, pp. 39–127; 3488:Kronstadt rebellion 2923:invasion of Ukraine 2847:Konstantin Mamontov 2354:, a Latvian former 1767:Mennonite colonists 1643:allied intervention 1538:and collaborators. 1333:and carrying out a 1208:February Revolution 985:Politics portal 906:Anarchist communism 542:Military commanders 506:Polonsky conspiracy 501:Eichenfeld massacre 129:Active regions 8972:Anti-globalization 8642:Dominican Republic 8467:Anarcho-punk bands 8127:Labadie Collection 8117:Barcelona May Days 8020:Cantonal rebellion 7954:Property is theft! 7920:The Internationale 7874:Anarchist bookfair 7673:Without adjectives 7528:Schools of thought 7057:Ukraine: A History 6897:Palgrave Macmillan 6590:The Russian Review 6250:, pp. 76–78; 6190:, pp. 73–74; 6114:, pp. 71–72; 6070:, pp. 67–70; 6050:, pp. 66–68; 6010:, pp. 65–66; 5954:, pp. 62–63; 5938:, pp. 60–62; 5898:, pp. 95–96; 5878:, pp. 95–96; 5862:, pp. 55–56; 5838:, pp. 93–95; 5822:, pp. 54–55; 5818:, pp. 92–93; 5029:, pp. 99–100. 4056:, pp. 20–21; 3948:, pp. 15–16; 3916:, pp. 14–15; 3852:, pp. 44–68; 3840:, pp. 58–416. 3808:, pp. 53–416. 3647:, pp. 57–241. 3599:, pp. 65–66; 3567:, pp. 77–392. 3563:, pp. 44–73; 3523:, pp. 70–71; 3398:Commander-in-chief 3394: 3299:8th Poltava Corps, 3290:5th Kherson Corps, 3288:4th Crimean Corps, 3245:9th Greek Regiment 3075:Hryhory Vasylivsky 3033: 3031:in September 1920. 2956: 2777:Boris Gattenberger 2733: 2722: 2502: 2450: 2406:Kliment Voroshilov 2382: 2350:and replaced with 2318: 2209:Kingdom of Romania 2183: 2150:The Internationale 2108: 2076:The Internationale 2070: 2011:, who had led the 2005:Bolshevik ideology 1987:military hierarchy 1982: 1839:Christian Rakovsky 1823: 1703: 1697:Commanders of the 1647: 1607:Pavlo Skoropadskyi 1579:commander-in-chief 1468:flanking maneuvers 1460: 1420:in order to avoid 1322:occupying forces. 1251:October Revolution 486:Battle of Dibrivka 93:Dates of operation 9343:Anarcho-communism 9325: 9324: 9305: 9304: 9213:Theoretical unity 9203:Popular education 9188:Collective action 9095: 9094: 9052:Spontaneous order 8982:Anti-war movement 8487:Jewish anarchists 7995:French Revolution 7948:Popular education 7724: 7723: 7441:Spontaneous order 7301:Classless society 7012:Skirda, Alexandre 6567:, pp. 26–27. 5005:, pp. 98–99. 4969:, pp. 96–97. 4933:, pp. 94–95. 4921:, pp. 93–94. 4885:, pp. 90–91. 4861:, pp. 89–90. 4837:, pp. 87–88. 4813:, pp. 86–87. 4749:, pp. 83–86. 4725:, pp. 81–82. 4685:, pp. 80–81. 4656:, pp. 79–80. 4632:, pp. 78–79. 4608:, pp. 77–78. 4556:, pp. 74–75. 4544:, pp. 67–68. 4488:, pp. 66–67. 4464:, pp. 65–66. 4440:, pp. 64–65. 4364:, pp. 62–63. 4320:, pp. 61–62. 4296:, pp. 60–61. 4268:, pp. 59–60. 4228:, pp. 58–59. 4212:, pp. 58–59. 4196:, pp. 56–57. 4168:, pp. 54–55. 4108:, pp. 45–46. 4076:, pp. 44–45. 3992:, pp. 16–17. 3920:, pp. 37–40. 3904:, pp. 32–36. 3896:, pp. 9–14; 3880:, pp. 20–29. 3451:Oleksiy Marchenko 3366:regional congress 3308: 3307: 3277:1st Donetsk Corps 3258: 3257: 3217: 3216: 3183: 3182: 3088:guerrilla warfare 3053:battle for Crimea 2987:guerrilla warfare 2952:Polish–Soviet War 2663:flanking maneuver 2651:advance on Moscow 2395:Alexander Krusser 2037:French detachment 1875:communist society 1532:enlisted soldiers 1431:guerrilla warfare 1188:Tsarist autocracy 1152: 1128:. It is commonly 1122: 1094:anarcho-communist 1075:Russian Civil War 1047:), also known as 1041: 1021: 1020: 775:Regional Congress 426: 425: 372:Battle for Donbas 362:Russian Civil War 151:Anarcho-communism 16:(Redirected from 9385: 9316: 9228: 9227: 9165: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9099: 9098: 9071: 9070: 9069: 8962:Anti-consumerism 8957:Anti-corporatism 8107:Amakasu Incident 8050:Strandza Commune 8025:Haymarket affair 7926:Jewish anarchism 7868:A las Barricadas 7836:Social ownership 7821:Market socialism 7796:Free association 7756:Union of egoists 7533: 7532: 7466:Workers' council 7456:Union of egoists 7416:Security culture 7326:Decentralization 7321:Critique of work 7226: 7219: 7212: 7203: 7202: 7170: 7160: 7127: 7087: 7047: 7007: 6968: 6951: 6918: 6883: 6848:Magocsi, Paul R. 6843: 6813: 6802: 6780: 6761: 6726: 6686: 6646: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6546: 6540: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6345: 6339: 6329: 6323: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6281: 6275: 6261: 6255: 6245: 6239: 6225: 6219: 6201: 6195: 6181: 6175: 6157: 6151: 6129: 6123: 6101: 6095: 6081: 6075: 6061: 6055: 6041: 6035: 6025: 6019: 5997: 5991: 5981: 5975: 5965: 5959: 5949: 5943: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5893: 5887: 5873: 5867: 5857: 5851: 5833: 5827: 5813: 5807: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5263: 5257: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5107: 5101: 5091: 5085: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4511: 4505: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4219: 4213: 4203: 4197: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4115: 4109: 4099: 4093: 4088:, pp. 8–9; 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4015: 4009: 4004:, pp. 6–7; 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3952:, pp. 6–7; 3943: 3937: 3927: 3921: 3911: 3905: 3887: 3881: 3872:, pp. 4–8; 3863: 3857: 3847: 3841: 3815: 3809: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3746: 3705: 3699: 3687: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3594: 3588: 3574: 3568: 3542: 3536: 3518: 3493:Tambov Rebellion 3456:Oleksiy Chubenko 3262: 3261: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3194: 3187: 3186: 3156: 3155: 3141:some Makhnovists 3101:and arriving in 2887:southern Ukraine 2879:soviet democracy 2841:and blocked the 2785: 2769: 2745: 2691: 2578:Spartacus League 2574: 2541:Oleksiy Chubenko 2538: 2510:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 2498:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 2403: 2376:, following the 2335:direct democracy 2201:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 2195: 2165:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 2128: 2081:Maria Nikiforova 2013:Left SR uprising 1995:and introducing 1980:, in April 1919. 1974:Nykyfor Hryhoriv 1968: 1829:and ordered the 1771:White Volunteers 1719:Oleksiy Chubenko 1675:Southern Ukraine 1552: 1528:prisoners of war 1493:prisoners of war 1410:workers' control 1383: 1307:invading Ukraine 1232:Maria Nikiforova 1157: 1147: 1145: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1085:communes by the 1060: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1013: 1006: 999: 983: 982: 971: 970: 959: 958: 957: 683:Civilian leaders 521:Siege of Perekop 491:Battle of Donbas 451: 428: 427: 415:Preceded by 355:Battles and wars 347: 341: 340: 331:Bolshevik Russia 329: 328: 320: 314: 313: 305: 299: 298: 287: 286: 278: 272: 271: 270: 252: 246: 245: 237: 231: 230: 222: 216: 215: 207: 201: 200: 191:Bolshevik Russia 189: 188: 111: 110: 109: 94: 51: 39: 38: 21: 9393: 9392: 9388: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9368:Peasant revolts 9328: 9327: 9326: 9321: 9301: 9267: 9217: 9166: 9157: 9131: 9126: 9096: 9091: 9067: 9065: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9012:Labour movement 8942: 8941: 8940: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8177: 8176: 8175: 8172:Occupy movement 8045:Ferrer movement 7980: 7979: 7978: 7894:Escuela Moderna 7852: 7851: 7850: 7760: 7720: 7677: 7641:Insurrectionary 7600: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7396:Refusal of work 7281:Anti-militarism 7276:Anti-capitalism 7235: 7230: 7178: 7173: 7134: 7132:Further reading 7116: 7076: 7052:Subtelny, Orest 7036: 6996: 6940: 6907: 6872: 6799: 6777: 6750: 6742:: РВЦ "Проза". 6715: 6675: 6603:Wiley-Blackwell 6576: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6547: 6543: 6531: 6527: 6523:, p. viii. 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6390: 6386: 6378:, p. 128; 6374: 6370: 6362: 6358: 6346: 6342: 6330: 6326: 6318:, p. 188; 6314:, p. 129; 6310: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6282: 6278: 6270:, p. 300; 6266:, p. 126; 6262: 6258: 6246: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6210:, p. 299; 6206:, p. 123; 6202: 6198: 6182: 6178: 6170:, p. 186; 6162:, p. 121; 6158: 6154: 6146:, p. 186; 6138:, p. 298; 6130: 6126: 6118:, p. 186; 6102: 6098: 6086:, p. 297; 6082: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6042: 6038: 6026: 6022: 6006:, p. 295; 5998: 5994: 5982: 5978: 5966: 5962: 5950: 5946: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5894: 5890: 5874: 5870: 5858: 5854: 5834: 5830: 5814: 5810: 5798:, p. 290; 5794: 5790: 5782: 5778: 5770: 5766: 5758: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5734: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5645: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5621: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5597: 5593: 5585: 5581: 5573: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5414: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5339: 5335: 5327: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5303: 5296: 5288: 5284: 5276: 5272: 5264: 5260: 5252: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5192: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5164: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5112:, p. 176; 5108: 5104: 5096:, p. 175; 5092: 5088: 5080:, p. 175; 5076: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5013: 5009: 5001: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4761:, p. 170; 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4709:, p. 170; 4705: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4604:, p. 213; 4600: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4528: 4524: 4516:, p. 263; 4512: 4508: 4500:, p. 213; 4496: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4436: 4432: 4424: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4400: 4396: 4388: 4384: 4372: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348:, p. 163; 4344:, p. 173; 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4292:, p. 260; 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4252:, p. 259; 4248: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4224:, p. 259; 4220: 4216: 4208:, p. 163; 4204: 4200: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4148:, p. 499; 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4116: 4112: 4100: 4096: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4048: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4016: 4012: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3980:, pp. 6–7. 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3944: 3940: 3928: 3924: 3912: 3908: 3888: 3884: 3868:, p. 209; 3864: 3860: 3848: 3844: 3816: 3812: 3784: 3780: 3747: 3709:Sedgwick, Peter 3706: 3697: 3688: 3676: 3668:. p. 172. 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3595: 3591: 3575: 3571: 3543: 3539: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3484: 3476:Vasyl Kurylenko 3428:Insurgent staff 3375: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3267: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3231: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3197: 3192: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3161: 3153: 3115: 3071: 3065: 3029:Army of Wrangel 3017: 3011: 2999:White offensive 2937: 2931: 2910:Epidemic typhus 2905:Yakov Slashchov 2799:eastern Ukraine 2779: 2763: 2739: 2697:Yakov Slashchov 2685: 2647: 2568: 2554:Eastern Ukraine 2532: 2476:Hryhorii Makhno 2430: 2422:Kharkiv falling 2418:eastern Ukraine 2397: 2378:White offensive 2352:Jukums Vācietis 2348:Ukrainian Front 2342:. According to 2331:Eastern Ukraine 2310:Ukrainian Front 2221:Western Ukraine 2189: 2158: 2122: 2120:Anatoly Skachko 1962: 1948:executive power 1922:Communist Party 1812: 1661:on the side of 1635: 1559:Eastern Ukraine 1546: 1526:" to deal with 1524:people's courts 1484:surprise attack 1390:feigned retreat 1377: 1367:Ukrainian State 1355: 1327:Ukrainian State 1224:people's assets 1212:Kornilov affair 1173: 1168: 1106: 1017: 977: 965: 955: 953: 946: 945: 936:Ukrainian State 896: 888: 887: 757: 749: 748: 539: 531: 530: 464:1917 Revolution 459: 422: 421: 417: 407: 350: 345: 335: 323: 318: 308: 303: 293: 289:Ukrainian State 281: 276: 268: 266: 255: 250: 240: 236:(1918–19; 1920) 235: 225: 220: 210: 205: 195: 183: 107: 105: 92: 87: 56: 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9391: 9381: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9234: 9232: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9210: 9208:Tactical unity 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9174: 9172: 9168: 9167: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9143:Peter Arshinov 9139: 9137: 9133: 9132: 9125: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9027:Libertarianism 9024: 9019: 9017:Left communism 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948:Related topics 8944: 8943: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8917:United Kingdom 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8632:Czech Republic 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8287:González Prada 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8102:Makhnovshchina 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8015:Hague Congress 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7950: 7945: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7816:Labour voucher 7813: 7811:Give-away shop 7808: 7803: 7801:General strike 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7736:Affinity group 7732: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7706:Post-anarchist 7703: 7698: 7693: 7687: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7629:Social ecology 7626: 7616: 7610: 7608: 7606:Post-classical 7602: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7585: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7557: 7556: 7541: 7539: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7426:Social ecology 7423: 7421:Self-ownership 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7351:Horizontalidad 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7306:Class struggle 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7286:Affinity group 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7190: 7185: 7177: 7176:External links 7174: 7172: 7171: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7115:978-0691610412 7114: 7088: 7075:978-0802058089 7074: 7048: 7034: 7008: 6995:978-9004188495 6994: 6969: 6952: 6939:978-0295955117 6938: 6919: 6906:978-0333259696 6905: 6884: 6870: 6844: 6803: 6798:978-0914156079 6797: 6781: 6776:978-0745338880 6775: 6762: 6749:978-5770738148 6748: 6738:(in Russian). 6732:Bilash, Viktor 6727: 6714:978-0691047539 6713: 6687: 6673: 6647: 6611:10.2307/127258 6575: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6557: 6551:, p. 19; 6541: 6535:, p. 33; 6525: 6513: 6501: 6489: 6487:, p. 106. 6477: 6475:, p. 155. 6465: 6463:, p. 105. 6453: 6451:, p. 121. 6441: 6429: 6420: 6408: 6406:, p. 340. 6396: 6394:, p. 261. 6384: 6382:, p. 261. 6368: 6356: 6340: 6324: 6304: 6302:, p. 259. 6292: 6290:, p. 259. 6286:, p. 79; 6276: 6256: 6254:, p. 258. 6240: 6230:, p. 75; 6220: 6196: 6176: 6152: 6142:, p. 73; 6124: 6096: 6094:, p. 238. 6090:, p. 70; 6076: 6056: 6036: 6034:, p. 199. 6030:, p. 66; 6020: 5992: 5990:, p. 196. 5986:, p. 64; 5976: 5974:, p. 194. 5970:, p. 63; 5960: 5958:, p. 194. 5944: 5920: 5908: 5888: 5868: 5852: 5846:, p. 55; 5828: 5808: 5806:, p. 162. 5802:, p. 54; 5788: 5776: 5774:, p. 160. 5764: 5752: 5750:, p. 154. 5740: 5738:, p. 157. 5723: 5711: 5709:, p. 153. 5699: 5697:, p. 152. 5687: 5675: 5673:, p. 137. 5663: 5651: 5649:, p. 136. 5639: 5627: 5625:, p. 135. 5615: 5613:, p. 134. 5603: 5601:, p. 133. 5591: 5579: 5577:, p. 131. 5567: 5555: 5553:, p. 130. 5543: 5531: 5529:, p. 129. 5519: 5507: 5505:, p. 127. 5495: 5493:, p. 126. 5483: 5471: 5459: 5457:, p. 125. 5447: 5445:, p. 124. 5432: 5420: 5418:, p. 122. 5405: 5393: 5391:, p. 121. 5381: 5369: 5357: 5345: 5333: 5331:, p. 116. 5321: 5309: 5307:, p. 118. 5294: 5292:, p. 115. 5282: 5270: 5258: 5256:, p. 111. 5246: 5234: 5232:, p. 109. 5222: 5210: 5208:, p. 108. 5198: 5196:, p. 117. 5186: 5174: 5172:, p. 107. 5158: 5146: 5130: 5128:, p. 176. 5118: 5102: 5100:, p. 103. 5086: 5070: 5068:, p. 101. 5058: 5046: 5044:, p. 100. 5031: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4947: 4935: 4923: 4911: 4899: 4887: 4875: 4863: 4851: 4839: 4827: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4789:, p. 172. 4779: 4767: 4751: 4739: 4737:, p. 170. 4727: 4715: 4699: 4687: 4675: 4658: 4646: 4634: 4622: 4610: 4594: 4582: 4580:, p. 169. 4570: 4558: 4546: 4534: 4522: 4506: 4490: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4416:, p. 164. 4406: 4394: 4382: 4366: 4354: 4334: 4322: 4310: 4298: 4282: 4270: 4258: 4242: 4230: 4214: 4198: 4192:, p. 14; 4182: 4170: 4158: 4152:, p. 14; 4138: 4126: 4110: 4094: 4078: 4066: 4042: 4030: 4020:, p. 17; 4010: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3938: 3936:, p. 156. 3922: 3906: 3882: 3858: 3842: 3810: 3778: 3759:(1): 243–244. 3721:(1): 187–188. 3674: 3649: 3637: 3627:, p. 68; 3617: 3605: 3589: 3569: 3537: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3436:Semen Karetnyk 3424: 3423: 3413:Chief of staff 3409: 3408: 3374: 3371: 3342:armored trains 3306: 3305: 3293:6th Kiev Corps 3282:2nd Azov Corps 3275: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3256: 3255: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3215: 3214: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3181: 3180: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3152: 3149: 3114: 3111: 3067:Main article: 3064: 3061: 3049:Semen Karetnyk 3041:Mikhail Frunze 3039:On 2 October, 3013:Main article: 3010: 3007: 2960:White movement 2933:Main article: 2930: 2927: 2835:Yekaterinoslav 2711:Symon Petliura 2679:Peter Arshinov 2675:Kostiantynivka 2646: 2643: 2582:Central Russia 2464:Semen Karetnyk 2438:Semen Karetnyk 2429: 2426: 2344:Peter Arshinov 2284:Southern Front 2253:Kuban Cossacks 2211:. Hryhoriv's " 2157: 2154: 2100:Vladimir Lenin 2001:Bolshevization 1901:respectively. 1835:invade Ukraine 1811: 1808: 1784:Makhnovshchina 1667:White movement 1651:Central Powers 1634: 1631: 1619:Savelii Makhno 1599:Symon Petliura 1501:demilitarizing 1499:(symbolically 1488:on either side 1439:White movement 1363:Semen Karetnyk 1354: 1351: 1303:Central Powers 1283:Savelii Makhno 1204:expropriations 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1105: 1102: 1087:Makhnovshchina 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1001: 993: 990: 989: 988: 987: 975: 963: 948: 947: 944: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 897: 895:Related topics 894: 893: 890: 889: 886: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 844: 843: 842: 841: 836: 826: 825: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 794: 789: 778: 777: 772: 767: 758: 755: 754: 751: 750: 747: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 680: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 477: 476: 466: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 444: 443: 441:Makhnovshchina 437: 436: 424: 423: 413: 412: 409: 408: 406: 405: 404: 403: 402: 401: 391: 390: 389: 384: 379: 374: 367:Southern Front 358: 356: 352: 351: 349: 348: 333: 321: 316:White movement 306: 291: 279: 274:Central Powers 263: 261: 257: 256: 254: 253: 238: 223: 208: 193: 180: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 160: 154: 153: 148: 142: 141: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 113:Makhnovshchina 103: 99: 98: 95: 89: 88: 86: 85: 80: 75: 73:Semen Karetnyk 70: 64: 62: 58: 57: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9390: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9308: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9223:Organizations 9220: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9164: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9148:Nestor Makhno 9146: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9109: 9104: 9103: 9100: 9089: 9088: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9063: 9060: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8951: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8922:United States 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8682:French Guiana 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8186: 8184: 8180: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8092:Biennio Rosso 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8010:Paris Commune 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7987: 7983: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7831:Mutual credit 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7776:Communization 7774: 7773: 7769: 7767: 7763: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7566:Philosophical 7564: 7562: 7559: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7544:Individualist 7542: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7487:Animal rights 7485: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7356:Individualism 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7336:Direct action 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7227: 7222: 7220: 7215: 7213: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7168: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7137: 7136: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6699:. Princeton: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6577: 6566: 6561: 6555:, p. 66. 6554: 6550: 6545: 6539:, p. 79. 6538: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6517: 6511:, p. 17. 6510: 6505: 6499:, p. 23. 6498: 6493: 6486: 6481: 6474: 6469: 6462: 6457: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6424: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6365: 6360: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6333: 6328: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6301: 6296: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6274:, p. 79. 6273: 6269: 6265: 6260: 6253: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6224: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6128: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6080: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6060: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5996: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5973: 5969: 5964: 5957: 5953: 5948: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5912: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5792: 5785: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5761: 5756: 5749: 5744: 5737: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5720: 5715: 5708: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5648: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5624: 5619: 5612: 5607: 5600: 5595: 5588: 5583: 5576: 5571: 5564: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5528: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5444: 5439: 5437: 5429: 5424: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5354: 5349: 5342: 5337: 5330: 5325: 5318: 5313: 5306: 5301: 5299: 5291: 5286: 5279: 5274: 5267: 5262: 5255: 5250: 5243: 5238: 5231: 5226: 5219: 5214: 5207: 5202: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5155: 5150: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5127: 5122: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5067: 5062: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5028: 5023: 5017:, p. 99. 5016: 5011: 5004: 4999: 4993:, p. 98. 4992: 4987: 4981:, p. 97. 4980: 4975: 4968: 4963: 4957:, p. 96. 4956: 4951: 4945:, p. 95. 4944: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4909:, p. 93. 4908: 4903: 4897:, p. 92. 4896: 4891: 4884: 4879: 4873:, p. 90. 4872: 4867: 4860: 4855: 4849:, p. 89. 4848: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4825:, p. 87. 4824: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4801:, p. 86. 4800: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4765:, p. 88. 4764: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4724: 4719: 4713:, p. 80. 4712: 4708: 4703: 4696: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4673:, p. 80. 4672: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4655: 4650: 4644:, p. 79. 4643: 4638: 4631: 4626: 4620:, p. 78. 4619: 4614: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4592:, p. 77. 4591: 4586: 4579: 4574: 4568:, p. 75. 4567: 4562: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4532:, p. 67. 4531: 4526: 4520:, p. 67. 4519: 4515: 4510: 4504:, p. 67. 4503: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4482: 4476:, p. 66. 4475: 4470: 4463: 4458: 4452:, p. 65. 4451: 4446: 4439: 4434: 4428:, p. 64. 4427: 4422: 4415: 4410: 4404:, p. 63. 4403: 4398: 4391: 4386: 4380:, p. 63. 4379: 4375: 4370: 4363: 4358: 4352:, p. 62. 4351: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4332:, p. 62. 4331: 4326: 4319: 4314: 4308:, p. 61. 4307: 4302: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4280:, p. 60. 4279: 4274: 4267: 4262: 4256:, p. 59. 4255: 4251: 4246: 4240:, p. 59. 4239: 4234: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4180:, p. 56. 4179: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4156:, p. 54. 4155: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4136:, p. 53. 4135: 4130: 4124:, p. 46. 4123: 4120:, p. 9; 4119: 4114: 4107: 4104:, p. 9; 4103: 4098: 4092:, p. 45. 4091: 4087: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4064:, p. 44. 4063: 4060:, p. 8; 4059: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4040:, p. 41. 4039: 4034: 4028:, p. 41. 4027: 4024:, p. 7; 4023: 4019: 4014: 4008:, p. 40. 4007: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3979: 3974: 3968:, p. 16. 3967: 3962: 3956:, p. 40. 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3932:, p. 5; 3931: 3926: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3692: 3691:Pirani, Simon 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3658:Serge, Victor 3653: 3646: 3641: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3587:, p. 80. 3586: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3504: 3503:Kontrrazvedka 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3422: 3421:Viktor Bilash 3419: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3407: 3406:Nestor Makhno 3404: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3382:Nestor Makhno 3379: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3303: 3294: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3168: 3164: 3157: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3120:Viktor Bilash 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983:war communism 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2950:, during the 2949: 2945: 2944:Polish troops 2941: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851:Andrei Shkuro 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2819:Aleksandrovsk 2816: 2812: 2808: 2807:Yelisavetgrad 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2659:Yelisavetgrad 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623:45th Division 2620: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2566:58th Division 2563: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518:Pavel Dybenko 2515: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2447: 2446:Nestor Makhno 2443: 2439: 2434: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2411:Martin Latsis 2407: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:Anton Denikin 2367: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2356:Imperial Army 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2257:Andrei Shkuro 2254: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2188: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131:armored train 2126: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2040: 2039:at Mariupol. 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1906:Soviet Russia 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855:Pavel Dybenko 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1807: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1738:Viktor Bilash 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1723:Ekaterinoslav 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663:Anton Denikin 1660: 1656: 1652: 1644: 1639: 1630: 1628: 1627:Anton Denikin 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1605:which ousted 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1545: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:Nestor Makhno 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1292: 1291:fight against 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196:Nestor Makhno 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1163: 1161: 1160:Nestor Makhno 1156: 1150: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1120: 1111: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063:Nestor Makhno 1056: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1030: 1026: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1000: 995: 994: 992: 991: 986: 981: 976: 974: 969: 964: 962: 952: 951: 950: 949: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 898: 892: 891: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 850: 849: 848: 840: 837: 835: 832: 831: 830: 827: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 793: 792:Kontrrazvedka 790: 788: 785: 784: 783: 782: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 762: 761: 756:Organisations 753: 752: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 699:Chernoknizhny 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 685: 684: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 543: 535: 534: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 475: 472: 471: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 455: 454: 450: 446: 445: 442: 439: 438: 434: 430: 429: 420: 416: 410: 400: 397: 396: 395: 392: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 368: 365: 364: 363: 360: 359: 357: 353: 344: 339: 334: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 290: 285: 280: 275: 265: 264: 262: 258: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 192: 187: 182: 181: 179: 175: 171: 167: 164: 161: 159: 155: 152: 149: 147: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 114: 104: 100: 96: 90: 84: 83:Viktor Bilash 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 68:Nestor Makhno 66: 65: 63: 59: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 9248:The Platform 9085: 9078: 9064: 8977:Anti-statism 8967:Anti-fascism 8872:South Africa 8372:Pi i Margall 8069: 7918: 7879:Anarcho-punk 7866: 7841:Wage slavery 7806:Gift economy 7701:Postcolonial 7683:Contemporary 7636:Independence 7583:Collectivist 7502:Love and sex 7331:Deep ecology 7266:Anationalism 7148: 7144: 7096: 7055: 7016: 6977: 6956: 6924: 6888: 6852: 6809: 6788: 6766: 6735: 6695: 6691:Avrich, Paul 6654: 6651:Avrich, Paul 6594: 6588: 6581:Avrich, Paul 6574:Bibliography 6560: 6544: 6528: 6516: 6504: 6492: 6480: 6468: 6456: 6444: 6432: 6423: 6411: 6399: 6387: 6371: 6359: 6343: 6327: 6307: 6295: 6279: 6268:Footman 1961 6259: 6243: 6223: 6208:Footman 1961 6199: 6179: 6164:Footman 1961 6155: 6136:Footman 1961 6127: 6108:Footman 1961 6099: 6084:Footman 1961 6079: 6059: 6039: 6023: 6004:Footman 1961 5995: 5979: 5963: 5947: 5932:Footman 1961 5923: 5911: 5900:Footman 1961 5891: 5880:Footman 1961 5871: 5855: 5840:Footman 1961 5831: 5811: 5796:Footman 1961 5791: 5779: 5767: 5755: 5743: 5714: 5702: 5690: 5678: 5666: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5618: 5606: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5558: 5546: 5534: 5522: 5510: 5498: 5486: 5474: 5462: 5450: 5423: 5396: 5384: 5372: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5312: 5285: 5273: 5261: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5213: 5201: 5189: 5177: 5161: 5149: 5133: 5121: 5105: 5089: 5073: 5061: 5049: 5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4974: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4926: 4914: 4902: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4842: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4794: 4782: 4770: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4718: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4649: 4637: 4625: 4613: 4597: 4585: 4573: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4525: 4514:Footman 1961 4509: 4493: 4481: 4469: 4457: 4445: 4433: 4421: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4374:Footman 1961 4369: 4357: 4337: 4325: 4313: 4301: 4290:Footman 1961 4285: 4273: 4261: 4250:Footman 1961 4245: 4233: 4222:Footman 1961 4217: 4201: 4185: 4173: 4161: 4146:Magocsi 1996 4141: 4129: 4113: 4097: 4081: 4069: 4045: 4033: 4013: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3961: 3941: 3925: 3909: 3885: 3861: 3856:, p. 4. 3845: 3826:Footman 1961 3813: 3794:Footman 1961 3781: 3756: 3750: 3718: 3712: 3701: 3675:07453-0515-6 3661: 3652: 3640: 3620: 3608: 3592: 3581:Footman 1961 3572: 3553:Footman 1961 3540: 3516: 3461: 3460: 3446:Fedir Shchus 3426: 3425: 3411: 3410: 3396: 3395: 3357:conscription 3354: 3350: 3346:armored cars 3310: 3151:Organisation 3116: 3092: 3084: 3072: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3003:Katernyoslav 2976: 2972:Polish front 2957: 2898: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2788: 2734: 2702:Novoukrainka 2694: 2648: 2617: 2597:Black Guards 2590: 2551: 2545: 2522:Elisavetgrad 2503: 2494: 2483: 2480:Alexandrovsk 2468:Fedir Shchus 2459: 2453: 2451: 2442:Fedir Shchus 2415: 2392: 2383: 2319: 2306:Leon Trotsky 2273: 2250: 2237:antisemitism 2225: 2197: 2184: 2168: 2149: 2143: 2135:Leon Trotsky 2112: 2109: 2096:Leon Trotsky 2074: 2071: 2051: 2041: 2009:Dmitry Popov 1990: 1983: 1970: 1940: 1935: 1930:Novopavlovsk 1914: 1903: 1867: 1824: 1800: 1764: 1735: 1715:Don Republic 1704: 1684:Zaporizhzhia 1659:intervention 1648: 1588: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1563:Alexandrovsk 1554: 1540: 1519: 1512: 1509: 1504: 1461: 1449: 1435:open warfare 1427:Fedir Shchus 1422:encirclement 1403: 1356: 1343:Voskresenske 1335:White Terror 1324: 1300: 1263:Don Cossacks 1261:such as the 1244: 1238:regiment in 1236:Russian Army 1184:Black Banner 1174: 1135:Victor Serge 1107: 1079:free soviets 1049: 1048: 1024: 1022: 921:South Russia 911:Green armies 846: 845: 839:7th Division 834:1st Division 796: 787:Black Guards 780: 779: 765:Free soviets 760:Institutions 759: 682: 681: 541: 419:Black Guards 414: 119:Headquarters 78:Fedir Shchus 36: 9283:Dielo Truda 9129:Platformism 8887:Switzerland 8847:Puerto Rico 8832:Philippines 8797:New Zealand 8792:Netherlands 8662:El Salvador 8497:Periodicals 8060:Tragic Week 7931:Lifestylism 7826:Mutual bank 7781:Cooperative 7746:Platformism 7696:Free-market 7624:Primitivist 7507:Nationalism 7436:Somatherapy 7346:Freethought 7151:: 180–190. 6822:. pp. 6703:. pp. 6605:: 296–306. 6553:Skirda 2004 6537:Skirda 2004 6521:Skirda 2004 6449:Avrich 1988 6392:Skirda 2004 6380:Skirda 2004 6364:Skirda 2004 6352:Skirda 2004 6336:Skirda 2004 6320:Skirda 2004 6316:Shubin 2010 6300:Skirda 2004 6288:Skirda 2004 6252:Skirda 2004 6236:Skirda 2004 6232:Shubin 2010 6216:Skirda 2004 6212:Shubin 2010 6192:Skirda 2004 6172:Skirda 2004 6168:Shubin 2010 6148:Skirda 2004 6144:Shubin 2010 6120:Skirda 2004 6116:Shubin 2010 6092:Skirda 2004 6072:Skirda 2004 6052:Skirda 2004 6032:Skirda 2004 6016:Skirda 2004 6012:Peters 1970 5988:Skirda 2004 5972:Skirda 2004 5956:Skirda 2004 5940:Skirda 2004 5916:Skirda 2004 5904:Skirda 2004 5884:Skirda 2004 5864:Skirda 2004 5848:Skirda 2004 5824:Skirda 2004 5804:Skirda 2004 5784:Skirda 2004 5772:Skirda 2004 5760:Skirda 2004 5748:Skirda 2004 5736:Skirda 2004 5719:Skirda 2004 5707:Skirda 2004 5695:Skirda 2004 5683:Skirda 2004 5671:Skirda 2004 5659:Skirda 2004 5647:Skirda 2004 5635:Skirda 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Kamenev 2123: [ 2104:Lev Kamenev 1963: [ 1796:World War I 1792:Maximalists 1615:Directorate 1595:World War I 1593:, bringing 1583:Synelnykove 1547: [ 1397:and launch 1378: [ 1249:during the 1220:bourgeoisie 1198:joined the 1133:politician 1104:Terminology 1083:libertarian 916:Platformism 868:Maximalists 729:Sukhovolski 632:Maskalevsky 9332:Categories 9198:Federalism 9007:Dual Power 8992:Autonomism 8987:Autarchism 8647:East Timor 8617:Costa Rica 8562:Bangladesh 8557:Azerbaijan 8267:Feyerabend 7904:Freeganism 7554:Illegalist 7492:Capitalism 7431:Sociocracy 7401:Revolution 7366:Mutual aid 7296:Black bloc 7035:1902593685 6871:0802008305 6683:1154930946 6674:0691007667 6565:Malet 1982 6549:Malet 1982 6533:Darch 2020 6509:Malet 1982 6497:Malet 1982 6485:Malet 1982 6473:Palij 1976 6461:Malet 1982 6376:Darch 2020 6348:Darch 2020 6332:Darch 2020 6312:Darch 2020 6284:Malet 1982 6272:Malet 1982 6264:Darch 2020 6248:Malet 1982 6228:Malet 1982 6204:Darch 2020 6188:Malet 1982 6184:Darch 2020 6160:Darch 2020 6140:Malet 1982 6132:Darch 2020 6112:Malet 1982 6104:Darch 2020 6088:Malet 1982 6068:Malet 1982 6064:Darch 2020 6048:Malet 1982 6044:Darch 2020 6028:Malet 1982 6008:Malet 1982 6000:Darch 2020 5984:Malet 1982 5968:Malet 1982 5952:Malet 1982 5936:Malet 1982 5928:Darch 2020 5896:Darch 2020 5876:Darch 2020 5860:Malet 1982 5844:Malet 1982 5836:Darch 2020 5820:Malet 1982 5816:Darch 2020 5800:Malet 1982 4190:Malet 1982 4150:Malet 1982 4118:Malet 1982 4102:Malet 1982 4086:Malet 1982 4058:Malet 1982 4054:Darch 2020 4022:Malet 1982 4018:Darch 2020 4002:Malet 1982 3990:Darch 2020 3978:Malet 1982 3966:Darch 2020 3950:Malet 1982 3946:Darch 2020 3930:Malet 1982 3914:Darch 2020 3894:Darch 2020 3870:Darch 2020 3854:Darch 2020 3830:Malet 1982 3822:Darch 2020 3798:Malet 1982 3790:Darch 2020 3704:(102): 52. 3645:Palij 1976 3629:Malet 1982 3625:Darch 2020 3613:Palij 1976 3597:Malet 1982 3577:Darch 2020 3557:Malet 1982 3549:Darch 2020 3525:Malet 1982 3521:Darch 2020 3509:References 3373:Commanders 3338:detachment 3329:with 5000 3272:Components 3236:Components 3202:Components 3166:Components 3036:alliance. 3025:Starobilsk 2979:Red Terror 2831:Huliaipole 2803:Kryvyi Rih 2683:Mykolaivka 2655:Voznesensk 2619:Iona Yakir 2514:Green Army 2506:right-bank 2241:chauvinism 2213:Green Army 2175:green army 1899:Volnovakha 1752:battalions 1577:Makhno as 1456:Huliaipole 1388:and led a 1339:the region 1287:Red Guards 1253:ignited a 1247:Bolsheviks 1216:revolution 1194:, a young 1192:Huliaipole 1171:Background 1155:Makhnovtsi 1130:contracted 1050:Makhnovtsi 873:Mensheviks 858:Borotbists 853:Bolsheviks 672:Vasylivsky 642:Nikiforova 582:Havrylenko 572:Cherednyak 123:Huliaipole 102:Allegiance 18:Makhnovist 9047:Socialism 8997:Communism 8932:Venezuela 8867:Singapore 8802:Nicaragua 8727:Indonesia 8707:Hong Kong 8702:Guatemala 8547:Australia 8537:Argentina 8508:By region 8492:Musicians 8397:Santillán 8347:Malatesta 8317:Kropotkin 8297:Guillaume 7975:Symbolism 7889:DIY ethic 7766:Economics 7711:Post-left 7656:Christian 7651:Religious 7588:Communist 7573:Mutualist 7537:Classical 7497:Education 7446:Squatting 7406:Rewilding 7341:Free love 7233:Anarchism 7167:0167-2681 7124:890439998 7094:(2014) . 7022:Edinburgh 7014:(2004) . 7004:868808983 6880:757049758 6840:254495418 6758:429142607 6661:Princeton 6653:(1971) . 6643:473067959 6619:0036-0341 3773:144712216 3743:218541182 3735:0301-7605 3684:93-510688 3390:Berdiansk 3344:and some 3335:artillery 3333:, and an 3315:and four 3137:Znamianka 2958:With the 2891:Lev Zadov 2859:Pavlohrad 2823:Berdiansk 2815:Melitopol 2791:civil war 2773:companies 2757:Lysa Hora 2671:Arbuzynka 2360:deserters 2088:account. 2025:offensive 2021:Berdyansk 1918:secretary 1895:Berdiansk 1821:(1919–29) 1780:Berdyansk 1756:companies 1747:regiments 1688:Pryazovia 1649:With the 1613:with the 1591:armistice 1544:Temirivka 1476:Lewis gun 1472:Maxim gun 1255:civil war 1149:romanized 1140:Ukrainian 1119:romanized 1110:Ukrainian 1091:stateless 1071:Ukrainian 1067:anarchist 1065:, was an 1055:Ukrainian 1038:romanized 1029:Ukrainian 883:Right SRs 817:Air Fleet 812:6th Corps 807:2nd Corps 802:1st Corps 662:Sharovsky 627:Marchenko 622:S. Makhno 617:N. Makhno 612:H. Makhno 602:Kurylenko 557:Bondarets 346:(1920–21) 319:(1920–21) 304:(1918–19) 260:Opponents 206:(1917–18) 97:1918–1921 9318:Category 9153:Ida Mett 9080:Category 8842:Portugal 8822:Paraguay 8782:Mongolia 8767:Malaysia 8612:Colombia 8592:Bulgaria 8382:Proudhon 8342:Maksimov 8322:Landauer 8272:Giovanni 8222:Bookchin 8137:May 1968 7909:Infoshop 7661:Buddhist 7646:Pacifist 7614:Feminist 7593:Magonist 7561:Naturist 7517:Violence 7512:Religion 7411:Sabotage 7241:Concepts 7084:20722741 7054:(1988). 7044:58872511 7026:AK Press 6976:(eds.). 6948:81941010 6850:(1996). 6832:62-17560 6816:New York 6734:(1993). 6723:17727270 6635:43016148 6583:(1968). 3693:(1998). 3482:See also 3384:and his 3327:regiment 3320:Brigades 3317:infantry 3124:Dniester 2964:Red Army 2919:Red Army 2915:Caucasus 2867:Chaplyne 2827:Mariupol 2795:southern 2753:Syniukha 2667:Olviopol 2631:Mykolaiv 2593:Pomichna 2460:tachanki 2387:Grishino 2327:Southern 2217:uprising 2114:Izvestia 2106:in 1919. 2085:banditry 2033:Taganrog 1891:division 1831:Red Army 1804:Red Army 1776:Caucasus 1760:platoons 1711:Cossacks 1699:Don Army 1645:in 1919. 1571:tachanki 1536:officers 1464:Dibrivka 1451:Tachanka 1418:Mariupol 1375:Marfopol 1347:Ternivka 1331:nobility 1319:Taganrog 1144:Махновці 1059:Махновці 863:Left SRs 822:Flotilla 734:Taratuta 724:Mratchny 719:Kuzmenko 689:Arshinov 647:Petrenko 637:Maslakov 587:Karetnyk 577:Chubenko 547:Belochub 433:a series 431:Part of 163:Far-left 146:Ideology 9272:Defunct 9231:Current 9087:Outline 9037:Marxism 8937:Vietnam 8927:Uruguay 8912:Ukraine 8902:Tunisia 8852:Romania 8807:Nigeria 8787:Morocco 8737:Ireland 8717:Iceland 8712:Hungary 8692:Germany 8687:Georgia 8672:Finland 8667:Estonia 8652:Ecuador 8637:Denmark 8622:Croatia 8577:Bolivia 8572:Belgium 8567:Belarus 8552:Austria 8542:Armenia 8532:Andorra 8527:Algeria 8522:Albania 8442:Yarchuk 8417:Tolstoy 8412:Thoreau 8407:Stirner 8402:Spooner 8367:Parsons 8292:Graeber 8282:Goldman 8242:Durruti 8227:Chomsky 8217:Bonanno 8212:Berkman 8207:Bakunin 7986:History 7936:May Day 7858:Culture 7251:Anarchy 7062:Toronto 6965:7925080 6915:8514426 6858:Toronto 6820:Praeger 6705:111–124 3392:(1919). 3313:cavalry 3128:Romania 3107:Kharkiv 3103:Poltava 3099:Dnieper 3095:Galicia 3082:staff. 2874:Soviets 2811:Nikopol 2635:Bârzula 2562:Dnieper 2530:Sentovo 2526:Kherson 2500:, 1919. 2374:Kharkiv 2314:Kharkiv 2276:brigade 2261:Yuzovka 2255:led by 2233:warlord 2229:pogroms 2179:Kherson 2173:of the 2045:outlaws 1992:atamans 1926:soviets 1910:pogroms 1887:Bakhmut 1879:Orikhiv 1851:Luhansk 1847:Kharkiv 1837:, with 1713:of the 1657:led an 1480:squires 1414:soviets 1313:in the 1240:Orikhiv 1166:History 1151:: 1121:: 1040:: 714:Horelik 704:Fleshin 567:Budanov 458:History 139:Ukraine 136:eastern 61:Leaders 9171:Theory 9136:People 8907:Turkey 8897:Taiwan 8882:Sweden 8862:Serbia 8857:Russia 8837:Poland 8817:Panama 8812:Norway 8777:Monaco 8772:Mexico 8762:Latvia 8742:Israel 8697:Greece 8677:France 8597:Canada 8587:Brazil 8517:Africa 8447:Zerzan 8437:Warren 8422:Tucker 8392:Rocker 8387:Reclus 8377:Pouget 8357:Michel 8337:Makhno 8312:Kōtoku 8302:He-Yin 8277:Godwin 8262:Ferrer 8232:Cleyre 8197:Armand 8192:Alston 8183:People 7666:Jewish 7578:Social 7549:Egoist 7478:Issues 7165: 7122: 7112: 7082: 7072: 7042: 7032: 7002: 6992: 6982:Leiden 6963: 6946: 6936: 6913: 6903: 6893:London 6878: 6868: 6838: 6830: 6826:–302. 6795: 6773: 6756: 6746: 6721: 6711: 6681: 6671: 6641: 6633: 6627:127258 6625: 6617: 3771: 3741: 3733: 3682: 3672: 2917:, the 2843:Allied 2586:Moscow 2556:, the 2546:Ataman 2495:otaman 2484:sotnia 2472:Nestor 2455:sotnia 2292:outlaw 2198:ataman 2196:under 2170:ataman 2029:Crimea 1971:ataman 1883:Polohy 1743:Polohy 1726:Soviet 1707:Donbas 1677:. The 1655:Allies 1575:Bat'ko 1520:kulaks 1505:Bat'ko 1406:region 1395:mutiny 1296:soviet 1081:" and 709:Gotman 667:Shchus 657:Pravda 597:Kozhyn 592:Kotsur 552:Bilash 538:People 435:on the 277:(1918) 251:(1919) 221:(1918) 177:Allies 8892:Syria 8877:Spain 8757:Korea 8752:Japan 8747:Italy 8722:India 8657:Egypt 8607:China 8602:Chile 8482:Films 8472:Books 8458:Lists 8427:Volin 8332:Magón 8307:Kanno 8257:Faure 8252:Ervin 8247:Ellul 8132:Provo 7899:Films 7716:Queer 7691:Black 7619:Green 7193:Volin 6986:Brill 6623:JSTOR 6597:(3). 3769:S2CID 3739:S2CID 3698:(PDF) 3133:Paris 2991:Cheka 2784:] 2768:] 2744:] 2690:] 2609:Volin 2605:Nabat 2573:] 2537:] 2402:] 2194:] 2127:] 1978:Odesa 1967:] 1671:Odesa 1555:kulak 1551:] 1514:kulak 1497:kepis 1382:] 1257:, as 878:Nabat 744:Volin 739:Teper 694:Baron 677:Zadov 652:Popov 607:Lyuty 562:Brova 133:South 8827:Peru 8732:Iran 8627:Cuba 8432:Ward 8362:Most 8352:Mett 7884:Arts 7163:ISSN 7120:OCLC 7110:ISBN 7080:OCLC 7070:ISBN 7040:OCLC 7030:ISBN 7000:OCLC 6990:ISBN 6961:OCLC 6944:OCLC 6934:ISBN 6911:OCLC 6901:ISBN 6876:OCLC 6866:ISBN 6836:OCLC 6828:LCCN 6793:ISBN 6771:ISBN 6754:OCLC 6744:ISBN 6740:Kiev 6719:OCLC 6709:ISBN 6679:OCLC 6669:ISBN 6639:OCLC 6631:LCCN 6615:ISSN 3731:ISSN 3680:LCCN 3670:ISBN 3331:guns 3322:, a 2993:and 2948:Kyiv 2865:and 2849:and 2797:and 2706:Uman 2673:and 2657:and 2639:Kyiv 2633:and 2474:and 2444:and 2329:and 2239:and 2102:and 1958:The 1897:and 1885:and 1790:and 1686:and 1621:and 1603:Kyiv 1361:and 1301:The 1289:and 1265:and 1228:O.S. 1023:The 169:Size 8327:Liu 8237:Day 8142:LIP 7361:Law 7153:doi 7149:210 6824:245 6607:doi 3761:doi 3723:doi 3388:in 3059:. 2946:in 2665:at 2512:'s 2312:in 2177:in 2019:in 1969:of 1845:in 1833:to 1665:'s 9334:: 8202:Ba 7195:– 7161:. 7147:. 7143:. 7118:. 7108:. 7104:: 7100:. 7078:. 7068:. 7064:: 7060:. 7038:. 7028:. 7024:: 6998:. 6984:: 6942:. 6932:. 6909:. 6899:. 6895:: 6891:. 6874:. 6864:. 6860:: 6856:. 6834:. 6818:: 6752:. 6717:. 6707:. 6677:. 6667:. 6663:: 6659:. 6637:. 6629:. 6621:. 6613:. 6601:: 6595:27 6593:. 6587:. 5726:^ 5435:^ 5408:^ 5297:^ 5034:^ 4661:^ 3767:. 3757:28 3755:. 3737:. 3729:. 3719:28 3717:. 3700:. 3678:. 3664:. 3359:. 3284:, 3279:, 3247:, 3147:. 2925:. 2869:. 2861:, 2825:, 2821:, 2817:, 2813:, 2809:, 2805:, 2782:ru 2766:ru 2742:uk 2688:uk 2615:. 2571:ru 2535:uk 2470:, 2466:, 2440:, 2400:ru 2298:. 2192:ru 2167:, 2125:ru 2098:, 1965:ru 1881:, 1549:uk 1448:A 1380:uk 1298:. 1162:. 1146:, 1142:: 1116:, 1112:: 1100:. 1057:: 1035:, 1031:: 9121:e 9114:t 9107:v 7956:" 7952:" 7944:" 7940:" 7225:e 7218:t 7211:v 7169:. 7155:: 7126:. 7086:. 7046:. 7006:. 6967:. 6950:. 6917:. 6882:. 6842:. 6801:. 6779:. 6760:. 6725:. 6685:. 6645:. 6609:: 3775:. 3763:: 3745:. 3725:: 3686:. 3465:: 3430:: 3415:: 3400:: 3295:, 2954:. 2448:. 2380:. 2316:. 2181:. 1701:. 1458:. 1053:( 1027:( 1012:e 1005:t 998:v 34:. 20:)

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Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine

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