966:
of power has inspired the same passions, and occasioned the same disorders; but, from the long series of civil war, it would not be easy to extract a sentiment more pure and magnanimous than is contained in the saying of the
Turkish prince. On the eve of the battle, he performed his devotions at Thous, before the tomb of the Imam Riza. As the sultan rose from the ground, he asked his vizier Nizam, who had knelt beside him, what had been the object of his secret petition: "That your arms may be crowned with victory," was the prudent, and most probably the sincere, answer of the minister. "For my part," replied the generous Malek, "I implored the Lord of Hosts that he would take from me my life and crown, if my brother be more worthy than myself to reign over the Moslems." The favourable judgment of heaven was ratified by the caliph; and for the first time, the sacred title of Commander of the Faithful was communicated to a Barbarian. But this Barbarian, by his personal merit, and the extent of his empire, was the greatest prince of his age.
484:
68:
1014:. Whereas Alp Arslan had spent just over a year out of his decade-long reign in Isfahan, Malik Shah resided there for more than half of his rule. Isfahan also served as the burial site of Malik Shah, his descendants, as well as celebrated bureaucrats of the sultanate like Nizam al-Mulk. Malik Shah's decision of residing in a capital far away from the centers of Turkmen settlement around
717:, since these assassins regularly made attempts on the lives of Seljuk officials and rulers during the 11th century. Another theory had it that the attack had been instigated by Malik-Shah, who may have grown tired of his overmighty vizier. After Nizam al-Mulk's death, Malik-Shah appointed another Persian named
510:
claimed the throne for himself and sent Malik-Shah a message which said: "I am the eldest brother, and you are a youthful son; I have the greater right to my brother Alp-Arslan's inheritance." Malik-Shah then replied by sending the following message: "A brother does not inherit when there is a son."
998:
Despite being arguably the most powerful monarch of his era, it is believed that Malik-Shah was unpretentious and modest. The legend has it that during the years that were hugely successful for
Seljuks on all fronts, Malik-Shah, overwhelmed by the imperial might of his dynasty, used to climb to the
965:
On his father's death the inheritance was disputed by an uncle, a cousin, and a brother: they drew their cimeters, and assembled their followers; and the triple victory of Malek Shah established his own reputation and the right of primogeniture. In every age, and more especially in Asia, the thirst
991:. He was religiously tolerant which is supported by the fact that during his reign, subjects of the Seljuk Empire enjoyed internal peace and religious tolerance. Malik-Shah also showed lenience towards exquisite poetry as his reign is also memorable for the poetry of
544:. However, Nizam al-Mulk declined the offer, claiming that sparing him was an indication of weakness. After some time, Qavurt was strangled to death with a bowstring, while two of his sons were blinded. After having dealt with that problem, Malik-Shah appointed
761:
Malik-Shah died on 19 November 1092 while he was hunting. He was most likely poisoned by the caliph or the supporters of Nizam al-Mulk. Under the orders of Terken Khatun, Malik-Shah's body was taken back to
Isfahan, where it was buried in a
769:
Upon his death, the Seljuk Empire fell into chaos, as rival successors and regional governors carved up their empire and waged war against each other. The situation within the Seljuk lands was further complicated by the beginning of the
774:, which detached large portions of Syria and Palestine from Muslim control in 1098 and 1099. The success of the First Crusade is at least in part attributable to the political confusion which resulted from Malik-Shah's death.
355:. During one such campaign in 1072, Alp Arslan was fatally wounded and died only a few days later. After that, Malik-Shah was crowned as the new sultan of the empire, but the succession was contested by his uncle
725:
and sent him the following message: "You must relinquish
Baghdad to me, and depart to any land you choose." This was because Malik-Shah wanted to appoint his grandson (or nephew) Ja'far as the new caliph.
471:
against the
Karakhanids. However, Alp-Arslan was badly wounded during his expedition, and Malik-Shah shortly took over the army. Alp-Arslan died some days later, and Malik-Shah was declared as the new
540:
During the battle, the Turks of Malik-Shah's army mutinied against him, but he nevertheless managed to defeat and capture Qavurt. Qavurt then begged for mercy and in return promised to retire to
359:. Although Malik-Shah was the nominal head of the Seljuk state, Nizam al-Mulk held near absolute power during his reign. Malik-Shah spent the rest of his reign waging war against the
2423:
572:, which was ruled by Malik-Shah's brother Ayaz, who was unable to repel the Karakhanids and was killed by them. Malik-Shah eventually managed to repel the Karakhanids and captured
340:
2468:
713:. As the assassin was immediately cut down by Nizam's bodyguard, it became impossible to establish with certainty who had sent him. One theory had it that he was an
1812:
2503:
2473:
619:. During the same year, he appointed Qavurt's son Rukn al-Dawla Sultan-Shah as the ruler of Kerman. One year later, Malik-Shah sent an army under Sav-Tegin to
577:
675:
with the support of the local clergy, and imprisoned its
Karakhanid ruler Ahmad Khan ibn Khizr, who was the nephew of Terken Khatun. He then marched to
2493:
999:
top of a hill and say the following: "Oh
Almighty God, I will somehow cope with the problem of hunger, please save me from the threat of abundance".
2508:
2513:
545:
2498:
2478:
2433:
2005:
1902:
2749:
2463:
1010:
became securely established as his chief city of residence, although in the latter years of his rule Malik Shah preferred to winter in
635:
to Fadlun III as a fief. Throughout Malik's reign new institutions of learning were established and it was during this time that the
2248:
987:
was adopted. He thought highly of the art of architecture as well, as he enjoyed building new and splendid mosques in his capital,
370:
The cause of Malik-Shah's death remains under dispute to this day; according to some scholars, he was poisoned by
Abbasid caliph
612:
In 1074, Malik-Shah ordered the Turkic warlord Arghar to restore what he had destroyed during his raids in the territory of the
2744:
2102:
2061:
1943:
1792:
1701:
1676:
1579:
1551:
1523:
1498:
1440:
1085:
1851:. Publications of the Turkish Historical Society, Series VII, No. 38. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi. pp. 159–166.
2208:
786:
425:
183:
83:
2151:
2024:
1978:
1878:
753:, but ceased hostilities in connection with the death of Malik Shah on November 19, 1092, possibly due to poisoning.
2528:
745:, and the army under the command of the emir Arslan-Tash, sent by Malik Shah, could not recapture it. The Sultan's
718:
410:, Malik-Shah had fair skin, was tall and somewhat bulky. In 1064, Malik-Shah, only 9 years old by then, along with
2571:
2428:
2121:
1078:
Middle East
Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Volume 1
382:
Although he was known by several names, he was mostly known as "Malik-Shah", a combination of the Arabic word
1431:
Fisher, William Bayne; Boyle, John Andrew; Gershevitch, Ilya; Yarshater, Ehsan; Frye, Richard Nelson (1968).
2014:
568:
Malik-Shah then turned his attention towards the
Karakhanids, who had after the death of Alp-Arslan invaded
2241:
1052:
Malik Shāh was recognised by the Caliph as his successor, and invested with the title of 'Amir-al-Mu'minin
2483:
2388:
31:
17:
1999:
1906:
628:
2349:
782:
Malikshah had many wives and concubines and multiple children born from them. Principal wives were:
2368:
2329:
2218:
801:
631:. Sav-Tegin managed to easily conquer the region, thus ending Shaddadid rule. Malik-Shah then gave
512:
407:
230:
115:
2016:
The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay: The Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India 1040–1186
2449:
2234:
2114:
The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from Al-Kāmil Fīʻl-Taʻrīkh of ʻIzz Al-Dīn Ibn Al-Athīr
2072:
843:
2729:
2628:
2604:
2378:
2281:
1544:كتاب جهات الأئمة الخلفاء من الحرائر والإماء المسمى نساء الخلفاء: Women and the Court of Baghdad
915:
696:
519:, which lasted three days. Qavurt was accompanied by his seven sons, and his army consisted of
494:
979:
or Malikshah Observatory was constructed during his reign, closing shortly after his death in
2358:
433:
1966:
1622:"Câriye Kökenli Bir Selçuklu Hâtunu: Sultan Melikşah'ın Eşlerinden Tâceddîn Seferiyye Hâtun"
596:, but was defeated by Malik-Shah, who then made peace with the latter and gave his daughter
2739:
2734:
2599:
2594:
2551:
1852:
1397:
489:
336:
from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached the zenith of its power and influence.
73:
2658:
1787:. Routledge Studies in the History of Iran and Turkey. Taylor & Francis. p. 132.
1621:
8:
1694:
The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh. Part 3
1030:
could well be explained by the increasing distance between him and his nomadic subjects.
976:
640:
464:
460:
429:
87:
53:
2638:
1856:
2584:
1896:
714:
664:
1989:
467:. In 1072, Malik-Shah and Nizam al-Mulk accompanied Alp-Arslan during his campaign in
2286:
2147:
2117:
2098:
2057:
2020:
1974:
1939:
1884:
1874:
1788:
1697:
1672:
1643:
1575:
1547:
1519:
1494:
1436:
1081:
1027:
813:
734:
589:
253:
207:
576:, giving Sav-Tegin the key of the city. Malik-Shah then appointed his other brother
2663:
2614:
2518:
2404:
2344:
2276:
2132:
1633:
900:
620:
593:
456:
325:
220:
1920:
1829:
2688:
2648:
2092:
2042:
984:
636:
347:
During his youth, he spent his time participating in the campaigns of his father
1849:
The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory
2698:
2633:
2541:
2373:
2257:
2172:
1962:
1294:, Vol. 2, Ed. B. Lewis, C. Pellat and J. Schacht, (E. J. Brill, 1991), 397–398.
1002:
Malik Shah did not spend as much time on campaign as his prominent predecessor
859:
825:
530:
520:
403:
293:
188:
975:
Malik-Shah displayed substantial interest in science, art and literature. The
440:, where he appointed Malik-Shah as his heir and also granted him Isfahan as a
2723:
2678:
2488:
2383:
2339:
2305:
1888:
1807:
1647:
958:
839:
771:
738:
702:
601:
597:
549:
411:
352:
333:
270:
374:, while others say that he was poisoned by the supporters of Nizam al-Mulk.
2708:
2653:
2438:
2353:
992:
911:
876:
872:
864:
275:
225:
1967:"The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)"
1424:
790:
729:
The Sultan had a good relationship with the Shias at large except for the
2693:
2413:
2393:
2291:
1638:
1491:
The History of the Seljuq Turks: The Saljuq-nama of Zahir al-Din Nishpuri
896:
829:
613:
569:
468:
360:
313:
2086:. Vol. 2. Translated by Mason, Herbert. Princeton University Press.
946:
A daughter (m. 1101–02 Abdulaziz bin Omar bin Maza, governor of Bukhara)
511:
This message enraged Qavurt, who thereafter occupied Isfahan. In 1073 a
2683:
2673:
2418:
2363:
2319:
2201:
1871:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam
1435:. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge University Press. p. 244.
834:
817:
722:
616:
371:
348:
303:
215:
105:
1971:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods
1671:. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
935:
A daughter (m. Ispahbud Taj al-Mulk Mardavij, son of Ali ibn Mardavij)
2668:
2623:
2556:
2334:
2314:
1019:
941:
Rukn al-Din Mahmud Khan (r. 1132–1144), succeeded Sanjar in Khurasan.
907:
721:
as his vizier. Malik-Shah then went to Baghdad and decided to depose
672:
624:
585:
553:
195:
938:
Terken Khatun (m. Kara-Khanid Muhammad Arslan Khan (r. 1102 – 1129)
2703:
2589:
2546:
2532:
1048:
The Cambridge Medieval History: The Eastern Roman empire (717-1453)
856:
Taj al-Din Khatun Safariyya (also known as Bushali, d. 1121, Merv)
750:
730:
421:
364:
2226:
1574:. Library of literary history. Taylor & Francis. p. 301.
2643:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1003:
988:
921:
Safiya Khatun (m. Taj al-Din Abu'l-Fazl Nasr bin Halef, ruler of
763:
746:
706:
680:
668:
660:
656:
573:
525:
516:
399:
288:
159:
138:
679:, and made the Karakhanid Harun Khan ibn Sulayman, the ruler of
2575:
2561:
2458:
2301:
1430:
929:
922:
742:
684:
676:
652:
648:
644:
632:
557:
507:
483:
452:
416:
356:
67:
339:
72:
Investiture scene of Malik-Shah I, from the 14th-century book
2271:
581:
534:
448:
398:
Malik-Shah was born on 16 August 1055 and spent his youth in
383:
1546:. Library of Arabic Literature. NYU Press. pp. 62, 63.
1371:"The State of the Ismailis in Iran in the XI–XIII centuries"
2094:
A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries
1015:
980:
710:
671:, Nasir ibn Ali ibn Munquidh. In 1089, Malik-Shah captured
667:
governor of Aleppo and received homage of the Arab emir of
541:
441:
437:
387:
1461:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1973:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202.
1766:
1764:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1206:
1196:
1194:
420:
of the Empire, took part in Alp Arslan's campaign in the
1715:
1713:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1140:
1813:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1725:
1542:
al-Sāʿī, Ibn; Toorawa, Shawkat M.; Bray, Julia (2017).
1351:
1309:
1218:
1109:
1057:
506:
However, right after Malik-Shah's accession, his uncle
1761:
1749:
1737:
1696:. Crusade Texts in Translation. Ashgate. p. 168.
1588:
1407:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1191:
487:
Malik-Shah I seated on his throne. Miniature from the
1710:
1449:
1297:
1164:
1152:
1045:
2084:
The Passion of al-Hallaj, Mystic and Martyr of Islam
2019:. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private, Limited.
1373:. Publishing House: "Science", 1978. pp. 67, 69, 71
983:. It was from the work at the observatory that the
2144:A History of the Early Medieval Siege, c. 450–1220
1816:, New York: The Modern Library, n.d. v. 3, p. 406.
1541:
2721:
690:
436:. In 1066, Alp Arslan arranged a ceremony near
1938:. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. p. 69.
828:(b. 1056 d. 1099) – daughter of Yaquti son of
643:. In 1086–87, he led an expedition to capture
2242:
749:, Kizil Sarug, besieged the Daru fortress in
27:Sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092
2056:. Bibliotheca Persica. Bibliotheca Persica.
2040:
1988:Bosworth, C. Edmund (2002). "GOWHAR ḴĀTUN".
1873:. Kalın, İbrahim. Oxford. 2014. p. 92.
1134:
737:. Followers of Sabbah managed to occupy the
705:was assassinated near Sihna, on the road to
523:, while the army of Malik-Shah consisted of
1666:
1518:. Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1080:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 790.
563:
424:. The same year, Malik-Shah was married to
2249:
2235:
2097:. University of Michigan. pp. 1–219.
2004:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1901:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1824:
1822:
1572:A Literary History of Persia: 4 Volume Set
789:(b. 1053, m. 1065. d. 1094) – daughter of
363:to the east and establishing order in the
2081:
1637:
1565:
1563:
1537:
1535:
1382:
1342:
1327:
1272:
1100:
1063:
592:was seizing Seljuk territory in northern
2111:
2090:
2074:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8-9
2054:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
2041:Durand-Guédy, David (2012). "MALEKŠĀH".
2012:
1987:
1961:
1731:
1691:
1685:
1513:
1488:
1473:
1357:
1315:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1185:
1173:
1158:
663:. During this expedition, he appointed
482:
338:
2051:
1991:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XI, Fasc. 2
1933:
1819:
1770:
1755:
1743:
1719:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1467:
1455:
1418:
1404:, (Oxford University Press, 2002), 213.
529:("military slaves") and contingents of
14:
2722:
2141:
2070:
1846:
1660:
1569:
1560:
1532:
1303:
1146:
1075:
756:
451:campaign of his father, and stayed in
2230:
1782:
447:In 1071, Malik-Shah took part in the
2213:15 December 1072 – 19 November 1092
2071:Luther, K. A. (1985). "ALP ARSLĀN".
1619:
1600:
1493:. Taylor & Francis. p. 64.
501:
2256:
2130:
957:The 18th century English historian
928:A daughter (m. Sultan Shah, son of
869:A son (d. childhood, buried in Ray)
810:A son (d. childhood, buried in Ray)
687:, acknowledge him as his suzerain.
329:
97:15 December 1072 – 19 November 1092
24:
1863:
1840:
1667:Fisher, W.B.; Boyle, J.A. (1968).
1402:The Oxford History of the Crusades
25:
2761:
1385:The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 7
1345:The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 8
1330:The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 8
1275:The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 8
1103:The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 8
351:, along with the latter's vizier
2750:People of the Nizari–Seljuk wars
2112:Richards, Donald Sydney (2002).
1516:The Abbasid Caliphate: A History
1332:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 69–72.
1076:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2019).
580:as the ruler of Tukharistan and
402:. According to the 12th-century
66:
2131:Peacock, Andrew. "SHADDADIDS".
1927:
1913:
1801:
1776:
1507:
1391:
1376:
1363:
1336:
1321:
1281:
1266:
1094:
1069:
1046:Henry Melvill Gwatkin (1923).
1039:
1006:or his father Alp Arslan did.
970:
584:. During the same period, the
332:) was the third sultan of the
13:
1:
2745:11th-century monarchs in Asia
2142:Purton, Peter Fraser (2009).
1669:The Cambridge History of Iran
1433:The Cambridge History of Iran
1387:. Leiden: Brill. p. 275.
1033:
607:
600:in marriage to Ibrahim's son
393:
2146:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
1994:. London et al. p. 179.
1785:The Great Seljuqs: A History
1632:(30). Hale ŞIVGIN: 137–155.
1383:Gibb, H. A. R. (1960–1985).
1347:. Leiden: Brill. p. 72.
1343:Gibb, H. A. R. (1960–1985).
1328:Gibb, H. A. R. (1960–1985).
1277:. Leiden: Brill. p. 71.
1273:Gibb, H. A. R. (1960–1985).
1105:. Leiden: Brill. p. 70.
1101:Gibb, H. A. R. (1960–1985).
691:Domestic policy and Ismailis
386:(king) and the Persian word
377:
7:
2209:Sultan of the Seljuk Empire
2091:Minorsky, Vladimir (1958).
1620:ORUÇ, Züriye (2022-06-15).
455:when his father fought the
32:Malik Shah (disambiguation)
10:
2766:
1955:
1292:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
807:Abu'l-Qasim (d. childhood)
719:Taj al-Mulk Abu'l Ghana'im
709:, by a man disguised as a
694:
29:
2613:
2570:
2527:
2447:
2402:
2300:
2264:
2215:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2166:
2082:Massignon, Louis (1982).
952:
892:Amir Khumarin (an albino)
777:
623:, which was ruled by the
390:(which also means king).
343:Miniature of Malik-Shah I
309:
299:
287:
206:
176:
166:
145:
125:
121:
111:
101:
93:
82:
65:
44:
39:
2052:Lambton, A.K.S. (1988).
1969:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1934:Peacock, A.C.S. (2015).
564:Warfare with Karakhanids
478:
408:Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi
2013:Bosworth, C. E (1995).
1936:The Great Seljuk Empire
1834:Encyclopedia Britannica
1692:Richards, D.S. (2010).
1847:Sayili, Aydin (1960).
968:
498:
495:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
428:, the daughter of the
344:
193:Taj Safariyya Khatun (
2134:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2044:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1905:) CS1 maint: others (
1570:Browne, E.G. (2013).
1514:El-Hibri, T. (2021).
1489:Bosworth, E. (2013).
963:
791:Tamghach Khan Ibrahim
695:Further information:
486:
434:Ibrahim Tamghach-Khan
342:
280:Other three daughters
2116:. Psychology Press.
1783:Basan, O.A. (2010).
1639:10.19060/gav.1131119
1398:Jonathan Riley-Smith
844:Mas'ud III of Ghazni
639:was reformed at the
578:Shihab al-Din Tekish
30:For other uses, see
2077:. pp. 895–898.
1857:1960oipg.book.....S
1626:Gazi Akademik Bakış
1470:, pp. 226–227.
1290:, S. H. Taqizadeh,
1149:, pp. 895–898.
977:Isfahan Observatory
757:Death and aftermath
641:Isfahan observatory
556:as the governor of
548:as the governor of
461:Romanos IV Diogenes
88:Great Seljuk Empire
906:Salkim Khatun (m.
895:Sitara Khatun (m.
697:Nizari–Seljuk wars
499:
345:
2717:
2716:
2225:
2224:
2216:Succeeded by
2104:978-1-84511-645-3
2063:978-0-88706-133-2
2000:cite encyclopedia
1945:978-0-7486-3827-7
1794:978-1-136-95393-4
1703:978-0-7546-6952-4
1678:978-0-521-06936-6
1581:978-1-134-56835-2
1553:978-1-4798-6679-3
1525:978-1-107-18324-7
1500:978-1-136-75258-2
1442:978-0-521-06936-6
1215:, pp. 90–91.
1188:, pp. 88–89.
1135:Durand-Guédy 2012
1087:978-1-440-85353-1
886:Unknown mothers:
814:Mah-i Mulk Khatun
798:Ahmed (1077–1088)
735:Hassan ibn Sabbah
502:War of succession
490:Jami' al-tawarikh
319:
318:
254:Mah-i Mulk Khatun
74:Jami' al-tawarikh
16:(Redirected from
2757:
2664:Kilij Arslan III
2519:Muhammad-Shah II
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2199:Preceded by
2189:
2188:19 November 1092
2182:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2138:
2127:
2108:
2087:
2078:
2067:
2048:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2009:
2003:
1995:
1984:
1950:
1949:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1892:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1817:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1641:
1617:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1486:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1405:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1043:
901:Ali ibn Faramurz
515:took place near
331:
221:Muhammad I Tapar
198:
156:
154:
149:19 November 1092
136:
134:
70:
54:Amir al-Mu'minin
37:
36:
21:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2689:Kilij Arslan IV
2649:Kilij Arslan II
2609:
2566:
2523:
2494:Muhammad-Shah I
2443:
2398:
2296:
2265:Early Seljukids
2260:
2258:House of Seljuk
2255:
2221:
2212:
2204:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:House of Seljuk
2169:
2161:
2154:
2124:
2105:
2064:
2031:
2029:
2027:
1997:
1996:
1981:
1963:Bosworth, C. E.
1958:
1953:
1946:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1618:
1601:
1597:, pp. 227.
1593:
1589:
1582:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1487:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:. p. 307.
1044:
1040:
1036:
985:Jalali Calendar
973:
955:
795:Dawud (d. 1082)
780:
759:
739:Alamut fortress
699:
693:
637:Jalali calendar
610:
566:
504:
481:
475:of the empire.
396:
380:
283:
202:
194:
172:
162:, Seljuk Empire
158:
152:
150:
141:, Seljuk Empire
137:
132:
130:
78:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2763:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Kaykhusraw III
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Kilij Arslan I
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2615:Sultans of Rum
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Arslan-Shah II
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Malik-Shah III
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:Arslan Isra'il
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2194:Regnal titles
2191:
2190:
2170:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2109:
2103:
2088:
2079:
2068:
2062:
2049:
2038:
2025:
2010:
1985:
1979:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1926:
1912:
1879:
1862:
1839:
1818:
1800:
1793:
1775:
1773:, p. 262.
1760:
1758:, p. 261.
1748:
1746:, p. 268.
1736:
1734:, p. 232.
1724:
1709:
1702:
1684:
1677:
1659:
1628:(in Turkish).
1599:
1587:
1580:
1559:
1552:
1531:
1524:
1506:
1499:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1441:
1423:
1421:, p. 263.
1406:
1390:
1375:
1362:
1360:, p. 101.
1350:
1335:
1320:
1318:, p. 226.
1308:
1306:, p. 184.
1296:
1280:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1227:, p. 179.
1217:
1205:
1190:
1178:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1108:
1093:
1086:
1068:
1066:, p. 162.
1064:Massignon 1982
1056:
1037:
1035:
1032:
972:
969:
961:wrote of him:
954:
951:
950:
949:
948:
947:
944:
943:
942:
936:
933:
926:
919:
904:
893:
890:
883:
882:
881:
880:
870:
867:
862:
860:Muhammad Tapar
850:
849:
848:
847:
837:
826:Zubayda Khatun
823:
822:
821:
811:
808:
805:
799:
796:
779:
776:
758:
755:
692:
689:
609:
606:
565:
562:
503:
500:
480:
477:
414:, the Persian
395:
392:
379:
376:
317:
316:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
291:
285:
284:
282:
281:
278:
273:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
251:
250:Other two sons
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
228:
223:
218:
212:
210:
204:
203:
201:
200:
191:
189:Zubayda Khatun
186:
180:
178:
174:
173:
170:
168:
164:
163:
157:(aged 37)
147:
143:
142:
129:16 August 1055
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
80:
79:
71:
63:
62:
58:
57:
47:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2762:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Seljuk rulers
2728:
2727:
2725:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:Kaykhusraw II
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Turan-Shah II
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Arslan-Shah I
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2448:Governors of
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:Governors of
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Suleiman-Shah
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:Malik-Shah II
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:Seljuk Empire
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:8 August 1055
2180:
2175:
2174:
2168:Malik-Shah I
2165:
2162:
2155:
2153:9781843834489
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2028:
2026:9788121505772
2022:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1980:0-521-06936-X
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1880:9780199812578
1876:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1808:Edward Gibbon
1804:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1733:
1732:Richards 2002
1728:
1722:, p. 35.
1721:
1716:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1458:, p. 11.
1457:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1369:Stroeva L.V.
1366:
1359:
1358:Bosworth 1968
1354:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1316:Richards 2002
1312:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1263:, p. 95.
1262:
1261:Bosworth 1968
1257:
1251:, p. 40.
1250:
1249:Minorsky 1958
1245:
1239:, p. 94.
1238:
1237:Bosworth 1968
1233:
1226:
1225:Bosworth 2002
1221:
1214:
1213:Bosworth 1968
1209:
1203:, p. 89.
1202:
1201:Bosworth 1968
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:Bosworth 1968
1182:
1176:, p. 88.
1175:
1174:Bosworth 1968
1170:
1168:
1161:, p. 61.
1160:
1159:Bosworth 1968
1155:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
967:
962:
960:
959:Edward Gibbon
945:
940:
939:
937:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
909:
905:
902:
898:
894:
891:
888:
887:
885:
884:
878:
874:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
854:
853:
852:Concubines:
845:
841:
840:Gawhar Khatun
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
827:
824:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
792:
788:
787:Terken Khatun
785:
784:
783:
775:
773:
772:First Crusade
767:
765:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:Nizam al-Mulk
698:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
615:
605:
603:
599:
598:Gawhar Khatun
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Qutlugh-Tegin
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
509:
496:
492:
491:
485:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Terken Khatun
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:Nizam al-Mulk
409:
405:
401:
391:
389:
385:
375:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:Nizam al-Mulk
350:
341:
337:
335:
334:Seljuk Empire
327:
323:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
295:
292:
290:
286:
279:
277:
274:
272:
271:Gawhar Khatun
269:
267:Safiya Khatun
266:
264:Salkim Khatun
263:
261:Terken Khatun
260:
258:Sitara Khatun
257:
255:
252:
249:
246:
244:Amir Khumarin
243:
240:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
211:
209:
205:
197:
192:
190:
187:
185:
184:Terken Khatun
182:
181:
179:
175:
169:
165:
161:
148:
144:
140:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
55:
51:
50:
49:
46:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2709:Kayqubad III
2654:Kaykhusraw I
2499:Toghrul-Shah
2479:Turan-Shah I
2439:Ahmad Sanjar
2434:Arslan-Argun
2354:Ahmad Sanjar
2325:Malik-Shah I
2324:
2207:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2160:
2143:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2053:
2043:
2030:. Retrieved
2015:
1990:
1970:
1935:
1929:
1921:"in Russian"
1915:
1870:
1865:
1848:
1842:
1836:. June 2024.
1833:
1830:"Malik-Shāh"
1811:
1803:
1784:
1778:
1771:Lambton 1988
1756:Lambton 1988
1751:
1744:Lambton 1988
1739:
1727:
1720:Lambton 1988
1693:
1687:
1668:
1662:
1651:. Retrieved
1629:
1625:
1595:Lambton 1988
1590:
1571:
1543:
1515:
1509:
1490:
1468:Lambton 1988
1463:
1456:Lambton 1988
1451:
1432:
1426:
1419:Lambton 1988
1401:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1181:
1154:
1142:
1102:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1001:
997:
993:Omar Khayyam
974:
964:
956:
912:Shahriyar IV
877:Al-Mustazhir
875:(m. 1109 to
873:Ismah Khatun
865:Ahmad Sanjar
851:
816:(m. 1082 to
804:(b. 1087–88)
781:
768:
760:
728:
700:
611:
567:
539:
524:
505:
488:
472:
446:
415:
397:
381:
369:
346:
322:Malik-Shah I
321:
320:
276:Ismah Khatun
226:Ahmad Sanjar
76:
60:
52:
48:
45:
40:Malik-Shah I
2740:1092 deaths
2735:1055 births
2694:Kayqubad II
2659:Suleiman II
2617:(1092–1307)
2605:Sultan-Shah
2578:(1086–1117)
2535:(1076–1105)
2504:Bahram-Shah
2474:Sultan-Shah
2464:Kerman-Shah
2452:(1048–1188)
2429:Toghan-Shah
2424:Arslan-Shah
2407:(1040–1118)
2394:Toghrul III
2389:Arslan-Shah
2379:Muhammad II
2308:(1037–1194)
2292:Musa Yabghu
1304:Purton 2009
1147:Luther 1985
971:Personality
897:Garshasp II
830:Chaghri Beg
614:Shirvanshah
570:Tukharistan
469:Transoxiana
361:Karakhanids
314:Sunni Islam
247:Abdul Qasim
102:Predecessor
18:Malikshah I
2724:Categories
2684:Kaykaus II
2674:Kayqubad I
2639:Malik-Shah
2629:Suleiman I
2600:Alp Arslan
2419:Alp Arslan
2364:Tughril II
2345:Muhammad I
2320:Alp Arslan
2202:Alp Arslan
2123:0700715762
1653:2024-01-08
1034:References
1028:Azerbaijan
835:Barkiyaruq
818:Al-Muqtadi
723:al-Muqtadi
677:Semirechye
629:Fadlun III
617:Fariburz I
608:Other wars
602:Mas'ud III
430:Karakhanid
406:historian
394:Early life
372:al-Muqtadi
349:Alp Arslan
304:Alp Arslan
216:Barkiyaruq
153:1092-11-20
133:1055-08-16
106:Alp Arslan
2669:Kaykaus I
2624:Qutalmish
2585:Aq Sunqur
2572:Governors
2557:Tutush II
2529:Governors
2484:Iran-Shah
2350:Mahmud II
2335:Berkyaruq
2315:Tughril I
1897:cite book
1889:868981941
1648:1307-9778
910:, son of
908:Qarin III
899:, son of
701:In 1092,
673:Samarkand
665:Aq Sunqur
625:Shaddadid
586:Ghaznavid
554:Sav-Tegin
465:Manzikert
457:Byzantine
378:Etymology
196:concubine
112:Successor
2704:Mesud II
2590:Tutush I
2547:Tutush I
2533:Damascus
2405:Khorasan
2330:Mahmud I
2219:Mahmud I
1965:(1968).
751:Kuhistan
731:Ismailis
715:Assassin
594:Khorasan
537:troops.
521:Turkmens
459:emperor
422:Caucasus
365:Caucasus
310:Religion
231:Mahmud I
116:Mahmud I
2644:Mesud I
2414:Chaghri
2304:of the
2302:Sultans
1956:Sources
1853:Bibcode
1288:Djalali
1026:, and
1024:Hamadan
1012:Baghdad
1008:Isfahan
1004:Tughril
989:Isfahan
889:Tughril
764:madrasa
747:ghilman
707:Baghdad
681:Kashgar
669:Shaizar
661:Latakia
657:Antioch
590:Ibrahim
574:Tirmidh
531:Kurdish
526:ghulams
517:Hamadan
404:Persian
400:Isfahan
330:ملک شاه
326:Persian
241:Tughril
171:Isfahan
160:Baghdad
151: (
139:Isfahan
131: (
86:of the
2595:Ridwan
2576:Aleppo
2562:Irtash
2469:Husein
2459:Qawurd
2450:Kerman
2282:Mikail
2277:Seljuk
2184:
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2032:17 May
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953:Legacy
930:Qavurt
923:Sistan
802:Mahmud
778:Family
743:Qazvin
685:Khotan
653:Aleppo
649:Manbij
645:Edessa
633:Gorgan
627:ruler
588:ruler
558:Kerman
513:battle
508:Qavurt
473:sultan
453:Aleppo
449:Syrian
417:vizier
357:Qavurt
300:Father
294:Seljuk
177:Spouse
167:Burial
84:Sultan
2552:Duqaq
2542:Atsiz
2369:Masud
2359:Dawud
2272:Tuqaq
2186:Died:
2179:Born:
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914:, m.
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582:Balkh
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2148:ISBN
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2034:2014
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1885:OCLC
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