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Bragadin's fame rests upon the incredible resistance that he made against the vastly superior besieging forces. From a military point of view, the besieged garrison's perseverance required a massive effort by the
Ottoman Turks, who were so heavily committed that they were unable to redeploy in time
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Famagusta's defenders made terms with the
Ottomans before the city was taken by force, since the traditional laws of war allowed for negotiation before the city's defenses were successfully breached, whereas after a city fell by storm all lives and property in the city would be forfeit. The Ottoman
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There followed a massacre of all
Christians still in the city, with Bragadin himself most brutally abused. After being left in prison for two weeks, his earlier wounds festering, he was dragged round the walls with "sacks of earth and stone" on his back; next, he was tied to a chair and hoisted to
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The besieged garrison of
Famagusta put up a heroic struggle lasting well beyond the most optimistic assumptions, against far superior enemy numbers and without any hope of help from the motherland. Furthermore, the Turks were employing new tactics. The entire belt of walls surrounding the town and
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The
Ottoman forces kept pressure on Famagusta for months, while artillery relentlessly pounded the city's bulwarks. According to Venetian chroniclers, about 6,000 garrison troops stood against some 100,000 Turks with 1,500 cannons, backed by about 150 ships enforcing a naval blockade to stave off
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Bragadin worked hard to fortify
Famagusta thoroughly; the introduction of gunpowder meant that scientifically-planned fortifications with solid walls were needed. So the harbour was endowed with strong defenses, such as the Martinengo bastion, an excellent example of modern fortification granting
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In July 1571 the Turks eventually breached the fortifications and their forces broke into the citadel, being repulsed only at the cost of heavy losses. With provisions and ammunition running out, and no sign of relief from Venice on August 1, Bragadin asked for terms of surrender.
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Bragadin's skin was later stolen from
Constantinople's arsenal in 1580 by the young Venetian seaman Girolamo Polidori. He brought it back to Venice, where it was received as a returning hero. The skin was preserved first in the church of
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Once back in Venice, Bragadin was pressed into the city's magistrates; in 1560 and later in 1566 he was made a galley governor, without, though, having occasion to actually assume command of a ship.
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the exterior plain was filled with earth up to the top of the fortifications. In the meantime a number of tunnels were dug out towards and under the city walls to undermine and breach them.
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of the
Turkish flagship, where he was exposed to the taunts of the sailors. Finally, he was taken to his place of execution in the main square, tied naked to a column, and
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body was then distributed as a war trophy among the army, and his skin was stuffed with straw and sewn, reinvested with his military insignia, and exhibited riding an
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Crowley, Roger. "Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of
Lepanto, and the Contest for the center of the World." Random House: New York, NY. 2008.
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commander agreed that, in return for the city's surrender, all
Westerners in the city could exit under their own flag and be guaranteed safe passage to
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Monello, G. "Accadde a Famagosta, l'assedio turco ad una fortezza veneziana ed il suo sconvolgente finale", Cagliari, Scepsi e Mattana, 2006.
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took Famagusta, the fall of which signalled the end of Western presence in the Mediterranean island for the next three centuries.
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in 1543, Bragadin pursued a career in the navy, being entrusted with several posts on the Venetian
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48:(21 April 1523 – 17 August 1571), was a Venetian lawyer and military officer of the
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Marcantonio Bragadin led the defence of Famagusta with Lorenzo Tiepolo, Captain of
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speculate that Bragadin's flaying provided the inspiration for this painting.
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built up the fleet that was later victorious against the Muslim power at
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In 1569 he was elected as Captain of the Kingdom of Cyprus and moved to
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in August 1571 in contravention of negotiated safe passage after the
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Alvise Zorzi, La RĂ©publique du Lion, Histoire de Venise. Page 220
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Alvise Zorzi, La RĂ©publique du Lion, Histoire de Venise. Page 220
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in a mocking procession along the streets of Famagusta.
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fell after a two months' siege. The severed head of the
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Republic of Venice people of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars
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489:16th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
129:The Turks landed in Cyprus on 3 July 1570.
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401:The Sieges of Nicosia and Famagusta.
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413:Madden, Thomas F (2012).
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415:Venice: A New History
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91:Early life
37:(ca. 1571)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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