225:. The density is typically between 500 and 1,000 kg/m (31 and 62 lb/cu ft). The range of density and classification as light-, standard-, or high-density board is a misnomer and confusing. The density of the board, when evaluated in relation to the density of the fibre that goes into making the panel, is important. A thick MDF panel at a density of 700–720 kg/m (44–45 lb/cu ft) may be considered as high density in the case of softwood fibre panels, whereas a panel of the same density made of hardwood fibres is not regarded as so. The evolution of the various types of MDF has been driven by differing need for specific applications.
539:
267:
3644:
1961:
572:
36:
3654:
1983:
3664:
1971:
395:
activates the bonding resin and sets the strength and density profile. The pressing cycle operates in stages, with the mat thickness being first compressed to around 1.5 times the finished board thickness, then compressed further in stages and held for a short period. This gives a board profile with zones of increased density, thus mechanical strength, near the two faces of the board and a less dense core.
133:
621:
in particleboard and plywood fabrication. E1 and E2 are classified as having 9 and 30 g of formaldehyde per 100 g of glue, respectively. All around the world, variable certification and labeling schemes are there for such products that can be explicit to formaldehyde release, such as that of
Californian Air Resources Board.
386:
components (hardener, dye, urea, and so on) can be injected into blowline even at a high pressure (100 bar, 10 MPa, 1,500 psi) and the drying process continues inside a long pipe to the exit cyclones, that is connected to the heating chamber. This fibre may be used immediately, or stored.
633:
surface layer. In modern construction, spurred by the high costs of hardwoods, manufacturers have been adopting this approach to achieve a high-quality finishing wrap covering over a standard MDF board. One common type uses oak veneer. Making veneered MDF is a complex procedure, which involves taking
620:
According to
International Composite Board Emission Standards, three European formaldehyde classes are used, E0, E1, and E2, based on the measurement of formaldehyde emission levels. For instance, E0 is classified as having less than 3 mg of formaldehyde out of every 100 g of the glue used
433:
since the fibres are pressed tightly together through the sheet. Typical MDF has a hard, flat, smooth surface that makes it ideal for veneering, as no underlying grain is available to telegraph through the thin veneer as with plywood. A so-called "premium" MDF is available that features more uniform
380:
From the defibrator, the pulp enters a blowline, a distinctive part of the MDF process. This is an expanding circular pipeline, initially 40 mm in diameter, increasing to 1500 mm. Wax is injected in the first stage, which coats the fibres and is distributed evenly by the turbulent movement
592:
that pose health risks at concentrations considered unsafe, for at least several months after manufacture. Urea-formaldehyde is always being slowly released from the edges and surface of MDF. When painting, coating all sides of the finished piece is a good practice to seal in the free formaldehyde.
394:
Dry fibre gets sucked into the top of a "pendistor", which evenly distributes fibre into a uniform mat below it, usually of 230–610 mm thickness. The mat is precompressed and either sent straight to a continuous hot press or cut into large sheets for a multiple-opening hot press. The hot press
385:
resin is then injected as the main bonding agent. The wax improves moisture resistance and the resin initially helps reduce clumping. The material dries quickly in the final heated expansion chamber of the blowline and expands into a fine, fluffy and lightweight fibre. The glue and the other
377:. A typical defibrator consists of two counter-rotating discs with grooves in their faces. Chips are fed into the centre and are fed outwards between the discs by centrifugal force. The decreasing size of the grooves gradually separates the fibres, aided by the softened lignin between them.
369:, MDF is characterised by the next part of the process, and how the fibres are processed as individual, but intact, fibres and vessels, manufactured through a dry process. The chips are then compacted into small plugs using a screw feeder, heated for 30–120 seconds to soften the
356:
process. A typical disk chipper contains four to 16 blades. Any resulting chips that are too large may be rechipped; undersized chips may be used as fuel. The chips are then washed and checked for defects. Chips may be stored in bulk, as a reserve for manufacturing.
405:
The environmental impact of MDF has greatly improved over the years. Today, many MDF boards are made from a variety of materials. These include other woods, scrap, recycled paper, bamboo, carbon fibres and polymers, forest thinnings, and sawmill off-cuts.
609:(IARC), in 1995, also classified it as a "probable human carcinogen". Further information and evaluation of all known data led the IARC to reclassify formaldehyde as a "known human carcinogen" associated with nasal sinus cancer and
638:
thick and then, through high pressure and stretching methods, wrapping them around the profiled MDF boards. This is possible only with simple profiles; otherwise, when the thin wood layer dries, it breaks at bends and angles.
449:
also work well. MDF is not susceptible to splitting when screws are installed in the face of the material, but due to the alignment of the wood fibres, may split when screws are installed in the edge of the board without
596:
Whether these constant emissions of formaldehyde reach harmful levels in real-world environments is not fully determined. The primary concern is for the industries using formaldehyde. As far back as 1987, the
557:
industry. MDF is primarily used for indoor applications due to its poor moisture resistance. It is available in raw form, or with a finely sanded surface, or with a decorative overlay.
250:
Although similar manufacturing processes are used in making all types of fibreboard, MDF has a typical density of 600–800 kg/m or 0.022–0.029 lb/in, in contrast to
985:, George I.; Athanassiadou, Eleftheria Th.; Barbu, Marius C.; Wijnendaele, Kris (2018-03-15). "Adhesive systems used in the European particleboard, MDF and OSB industries".
1152:
409:
As manufacturers are being pressured to come up with greener products, they have started testing and using nontoxic binders. New raw materials are being introduced.
563:
MDF's density makes it a useful material for the walls of pipe-organ chambers, allowing sound, particularly bass, to be reflected out of the chamber into the hall.
708:
445:. Smooth-shank nails do not hold well, and neither do fine-pitch screws, especially in the edge. Special screws are available with a coarse thread pitch, but
3537:
328:, but a variety of other products have also been used, including other woods, waste paper, and fibres. Where moisture resistance is desired, a proportion of
847:
922:"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 88 (2006) Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol"
588:
are commonly used to bind together the fibres in MDF, and testing has consistently revealed that MDF products emit free formaldehyde and other
598:
771:
3527:
606:
100:
53:
72:
1213:
17:
1261:
398:
After pressing, MDF is cooled in a star dryer or cooling carousel, trimmed, and sanded. In certain applications, boards are also
79:
2019:
921:
1160:
86:
3512:
804:
68:
3657:
3542:
1235:
ASTM D5651 - 95a(2008) Standard Test Method for
Surface Bond Strength of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
712:
695:
119:
3517:
529:
the board. Screwing into the edge of a board will generally cause it to split in a fashion similar to delaminating.
1508:
3522:
1986:
1975:
855:
741:
593:
Wax and oil finishes may be used as finishes, but they are less effective at sealing in the free formaldehyde.
57:
1022:"Effects of post-manufacture board treatments on formaldehyde emission : a literature review (1960-1984)"
3532:
3242:
2260:
3688:
3667:
2869:
1399:
1254:
2719:
1528:
1523:
589:
93:
859:
3547:
3466:
2012:
1899:
602:
3693:
1864:
1803:
1304:
1126:
2899:
2047:
2042:
1884:
1464:
916:
914:
46:
709:"Medium Density Fiberboard, Moulding, Embossing, Kitchen Cabinets – Composite Panel Association"
3624:
2705:
2675:
2670:
2376:
1964:
1454:
1449:
1247:
780:
911:
2690:
2539:
2401:
2313:
1601:
1503:
648:
610:
542:
3647:
3552:
3436:
3327:
2821:
2501:
2481:
2421:
2005:
1349:
8:
3277:
3272:
2806:
2791:
2771:
2766:
2642:
2524:
1747:
1210:
1098:
1021:
663:
3335:
2845:
2781:
2406:
2361:
2133:
2093:
1664:
1182:
1080:
426:
349:
760:. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cellulose Modification. Honolulu, USA.
198:. Large-scale production of MDF began in the 1980s, in both North America and Europe.
3629:
3486:
3317:
3297:
2884:
2627:
2351:
2193:
1929:
1874:
1694:
1414:
1369:
1072:
1067:
1050:
1002:
737:
691:
446:
382:
218:
180:
1084:
755:
3287:
3262:
3237:
3207:
2864:
2446:
2341:
2108:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1869:
1823:
1533:
1389:
1294:
1062:
1051:"Sources of formaldehyde, other aldehydes and terpenes in a new manufactured house"
994:
519:
399:
1384:
998:
925:
560:
MDF is also usable for furniture such as cabinets, because of its strong surface.
3619:
3232:
3168:
2942:
2662:
2632:
2592:
2506:
2208:
1934:
1439:
1217:
982:
417:
are becoming popular fibres because they are a fast-growing, renewable resource.
148:
779:. Gaithersburg, MD: Composite Panel Association. 2002. p. 3. Archived from
579:
When MDF is cut, a large quantity of dust particulate is released into the air.
522:-edged cutting tools is almost mandatory, as high-speed steel dulls too quickly.
3598:
3588:
3496:
3456:
3252:
3247:
3212:
3163:
3138:
3128:
3118:
2932:
2695:
2391:
2213:
2198:
2183:
2083:
1859:
1838:
1833:
1818:
1709:
1513:
468:
251:
243:
184:
1099:"ALDEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM PARTICLEBOARD AND MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD PRODUCTS"
3682:
3568:
3461:
3431:
3133:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3035:
2889:
2874:
2836:
2786:
2776:
2529:
2486:
2243:
2168:
2118:
2078:
2073:
1889:
1808:
1798:
1704:
1659:
1652:
1319:
1006:
687:
442:
601:
classified it as a "probable human carcinogen", and after more studies, the
538:
525:
Though it does not have a grain in the plane of the board, it does have one
266:
3381:
3376:
3312:
3267:
3257:
3222:
3153:
3148:
3108:
3080:
3015:
3000:
2937:
2909:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2511:
2491:
2228:
2203:
2188:
2148:
2113:
1793:
1742:
1679:
1616:
1429:
1394:
1359:
1334:
1076:
958:
945:
897:
876:
812:
582:
554:
508:
325:
222:
1234:
332:
species may be used, making use of the endemic oil content of such trees.
3603:
3593:
3481:
3307:
3292:
3158:
3143:
3093:
3040:
3005:
2947:
2894:
2826:
2567:
2283:
2233:
2028:
1939:
1924:
1909:
1573:
1459:
1314:
630:
353:
352:. The debarked logs are sent to the MDF plant, where they go through the
341:
317:
168:
340:
The trees are debarked after being cut. The bark can be sold for use in
201:
Over time, the term "MDF" has become a generic name for any dry-process
3491:
3446:
3227:
3173:
3123:
3113:
3065:
3055:
3010:
2952:
2917:
2857:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2461:
2416:
2265:
2178:
2143:
1762:
1729:
1611:
1588:
1481:
1404:
1364:
1299:
658:
515:
and may cause allergy, eye and lung irritation when cutting and sanding
512:
451:
374:
321:
214:
202:
195:
156:
629:
Veneered MDF provides many of the advantages of MDF with a decorative
571:
3426:
3396:
3391:
3282:
3217:
3060:
3045:
3020:
2831:
2811:
2756:
2746:
2680:
2652:
2587:
2223:
2158:
2103:
2098:
2088:
1772:
1767:
1647:
1642:
1596:
1578:
1486:
1409:
1354:
1344:
1339:
981:
653:
614:
430:
313:
255:
479:
Stable dimensions (less expansion and contraction than natural wood)
270:
Development of the worldwide production of MDF by region 1995-2021.
35:
3406:
3386:
3030:
2995:
2731:
2607:
2534:
2476:
2441:
2436:
2333:
2252:
2163:
2128:
2123:
1945:
1879:
1788:
1757:
1737:
1719:
1699:
1689:
1669:
1621:
1568:
1551:
1491:
1469:
1419:
550:
366:
329:
172:
183:
similar in application to plywood. It is stronger and denser than
151:
product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into
3583:
3578:
3471:
3441:
3401:
3345:
3199:
3178:
3070:
3025:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2957:
2927:
2922:
2796:
2700:
2637:
2582:
2471:
2426:
2381:
2303:
2293:
2278:
2173:
2153:
1854:
1828:
1752:
1563:
1556:
1518:
1476:
1049:
Hodgson, A. T.; Beal, D.; McIlvaine, J. E. R. (1 December 2002).
734:
European forest sector outlook study: 1960/2000/2020, main report
549:
MDF is often used in school projects because of its flexibility.
464:
425:
MDF does not contain knots or rings, making it more uniform than
345:
191:
176:
1239:
3573:
3302:
3050:
2801:
2751:
2647:
2617:
2557:
2431:
2356:
2318:
2271:
2138:
2056:
1813:
1714:
1674:
1379:
1374:
1289:
1278:
437:
MDF may be glued, doweled, or laminated. Typical fasteners are
414:
370:
1997:
488:
High screw pull-out strength in the face grain of the material
233:
The different kinds of MDF (sometimes labeled by colour) are:
3451:
3360:
3355:
3340:
2761:
2552:
2545:
2516:
2496:
2466:
2451:
2411:
2396:
2386:
2371:
2366:
2346:
2323:
2298:
2218:
1894:
1626:
1606:
1424:
1324:
1309:
585:
438:
410:
164:
132:
1209:
English, Brent, John A. Youngquist, and
Andrzej M. Krzysik,
429:
during cutting and in service. However, MDF is not entirely
3350:
2879:
2816:
2741:
2622:
2577:
2572:
2308:
2052:
1329:
1270:
501:
Low-grade MDF may swell and break when saturated with water
152:
1153:"Which Particleboard and Plywood Standard Should you Use?"
753:
3476:
2967:
2736:
2562:
2456:
2288:
1684:
160:
179:. It is made up of separated fibre but can be used as a
1224:. New York: Hanser Publishers: 115–130; 1994. Chapter 6
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
504:
May warp or expand in humid environments if not sealed
3538:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
848:"The Manufacturing Process Medium Density Fibreboard"
1048:
684:
167:
binder, and forming it into panels by applying high
827:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
518:Dulls blades more quickly than many woods: Use of
3680:
871:
869:
420:
948:, United States Environmental Protection Agency
434:density throughout the thickness of the panel.
2013:
1255:
866:
599:United States Environmental Protection Agency
852:Australian National University Fenner School
754:R. Kozlowski and M. Helwig (December 1996).
1019:
607:International Agency for Research on Cancer
320:, the main species of tree used for MDF is
240:Moisture-resistant board is typically green
2020:
2006:
1262:
1248:
1222:Cellulosic polymers, blends and composites
1066:
773:ANSI A208.2 MDF for Interior Applications
190:The name derives from the distinction in
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3528:Building and Wood Workers' International
711:. Decorativesurfaces.org. Archived from
570:
537:
365:Compared to other fibre boards, such as
265:
131:
987:Wood Material Science & Engineering
946:"An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality"
757:Critical Look on Cellulose Modification
14:
3681:
208:
2001:
1243:
553:panels made from MDF are used in the
3663:
1970:
736:. New York : United Nations. p. 32.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3653:
3513:American Association of Woodturners
1982:
1119:
360:
24:
1203:
566:
335:
25:
3705:
3543:National Wood Carvers Association
1269:
1228:
924:. WHO Press. 2006. Archived from
3662:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3518:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1981:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1068:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01129.x
495:
389:
261:
213:MDF is typically made up of 82%
34:
2027:
1509:Oriented structural straw board
1175:
1145:
1091:
1042:
1013:
975:
951:
939:
624:
533:
473:Consistent in strength and size
175:. MDF is generally denser than
45:needs additional citations for
3523:British Woodworking Federation
1127:"Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk"
890:
856:Australian National University
797:
764:
747:
726:
701:
676:
13:
1:
3533:Caricature Carvers of America
999:10.1080/17480272.2017.1396622
805:"MDF, LDF, HDF - www.sppd.pl"
669:
457:
421:Comparison with natural woods
373:in the wood, then fed into a
221:resin glue, 8% water, and 1%
1220:in Gilbert, Richard D., ed.
545:being constructed out of MDF
246:MDF is typically red or blue
7:
959:"Medium Density Fibreboard"
877:"Medium Density Fibreboard"
682:Spence, William P. (2005).
642:
254:(500–800 kg/m) and to
237:Ultralight MDF plate (ULDF)
69:"Medium-density fibreboard"
10:
3710:
1900:Non-timber forest products
1524:Structural insulated panel
1211:Lignocellulosic Composites
898:"MDF Board FAQ - Tutorial"
634:a slice of hardwood about
590:volatile organic compounds
3638:
3612:
3561:
3548:Society of Wood Engravers
3505:
3419:
3369:
3326:
3198:
3191:
3079:
2966:
2908:
2727:
2718:
2661:
2332:
2251:
2242:
2066:
2035:
1955:
1847:
1781:
1728:
1635:
1587:
1544:
1438:
1277:
1131:National Cancer Institute
603:World Health Organization
511:, which is a known human
141:Medium-density fibreboard
18:Medium-density fiberboard
1865:Destructive distillation
228:
1885:Green building and wood
879:. Design-technology.org
732:United Nations (2005).
258:(600–1,450 kg/m).
256:high-density fibreboard
27:Engineered wood product
3625:Frameless construction
2706:Wood-plastic composite
1529:Wood–plastic composite
1455:Glued laminated timber
1450:Cross-laminated timber
900:. Diyaudioandvideo.com
576:
546:
309:
137:
1602:Corrugated fiberboard
1504:Oriented strand board
963:Design-technology.org
649:Oriented strand board
611:nasopharyngeal cancer
574:
543:Loudspeaker enclosure
541:
269:
135:
3553:Timber Framers Guild
2407:Australian Blackwood
1987:WikiProject Forestry
613:, and possibly with
485:Takes wood glue well
402:for extra strength.
159:, combining it with
54:improve this article
3689:Composite materials
3273:Hammer-headed tenon
2792:Janka hardness test
1748:Ramial chipped wood
1187:Skirtingboard.co.uk
664:Natural Fibre Board
300: Latin America
294: North America
209:Physical properties
2134:Japanese carpentry
1665:Cellulosic ethanol
1216:2021-04-20 at the
1163:on 9 November 2017
854:. Dept. Forestry,
577:
575:MDF dust collector
547:
447:sheet-metal screws
310:
155:fibre, often in a
138:
3676:
3675:
3630:Green woodworking
3487:Wood preservation
3415:
3414:
3318:Tongue and groove
3298:Mortise and tenon
3187:
3186:
2885:Warrington hammer
2714:
2713:
2402:African Blackwood
2194:Segmented turning
1995:
1994:
1930:Wood preservation
1875:Engineered bamboo
1695:Pyroligneous acid
1020:George E. Myers.
383:urea-formaldehyde
381:of the fibres. A
219:urea-formaldehyde
181:building material
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3701:
3666:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3196:
3195:
2865:Thickness planer
2725:
2724:
2519:(lime, basswood)
2249:
2248:
2109:Chainsaw carving
2022:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1920:Timber recycling
1915:Reclaimed lumber
1905:Natural building
1870:Dry distillation
1824:Split-rail fence
1264:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1159:. Archived from
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1070:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1010:
979:
973:
972:
970:
969:
955:
949:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
918:
909:
908:
906:
905:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
873:
864:
863:
858:. Archived from
844:
825:
824:
822:
820:
811:. Archived from
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
785:
778:
768:
762:
761:
751:
745:
730:
724:
723:
721:
720:
705:
699:
680:
637:
520:tungsten carbide
482:Takes paint well
361:Fibre production
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3694:Engineered wood
3679:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3634:
3620:Frame and panel
3608:
3557:
3501:
3411:
3370:Surface piecing
3365:
3322:
3243:Crown of thorns
3183:
3169:Smoothing plane
3075:
2962:
2904:
2807:Milling machine
2710:
2671:Cross-laminated
2657:
2328:
2238:
2209:Spindle turning
2199:Shingle weaving
2169:Pallet crafting
2062:
2031:
2026:
1996:
1991:
1951:
1935:Wood processing
1843:
1777:
1724:
1631:
1583:
1540:
1470:parallel strand
1441:
1434:
1282:
1273:
1268:
1231:
1218:Wayback Machine
1206:
1204:Further reading
1201:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1014:
980:
976:
967:
965:
957:
956:
952:
944:
940:
931:
929:
920:
919:
912:
903:
901:
896:
895:
891:
882:
880:
875:
874:
867:
846:
845:
828:
818:
816:
803:
802:
798:
789:
787:
783:
776:
770:
769:
765:
752:
748:
731:
727:
718:
716:
707:
706:
702:
681:
677:
672:
645:
635:
627:
569:
567:Safety concerns
536:
498:
460:
423:
392:
363:
338:
336:Chip production
308:
307:
303:
301:
297:
295:
291:
289:
285:
283:
279:
277:
273:
264:
231:
211:
149:engineered wood
136:A sample of MDF
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3599:Quarter sawing
3596:
3591:
3589:Wood splitting
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3497:Wood finishing
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:Paint stripper
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3164:Shoulder plane
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3139:Moulding plane
3136:
3131:
3129:Japanese plane
3126:
3121:
3119:Grooving plane
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2933:Flooring clamp
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Winding sticks
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2870:Timber-framing
2867:
2862:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Particle board
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Glue laminated
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Timber framing
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Relief carving
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Bush carpentry
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1967:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Certified wood
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:Timber framing
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:Sawdust brandy
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Sandalwood oil
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:Particle board
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1229:External links
1227:
1226:
1225:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1183:"Veneered MDF"
1174:
1144:
1133:. 10 June 2011
1118:
1090:
1061:(4): 235–242.
1041:
1012:
993:(2): 104–116.
974:
950:
938:
910:
889:
865:
862:on 8 Feb 2020.
826:
796:
763:
746:
725:
700:
674:
673:
671:
668:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
644:
641:
626:
623:
617:in June 2004.
568:
565:
535:
532:
531:
530:
523:
516:
505:
502:
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
459:
456:
443:machine screws
422:
419:
391:
388:
362:
359:
337:
334:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
271:
263:
260:
252:particle board
248:
247:
244:Fire retardant
241:
238:
230:
227:
210:
207:
185:particle board
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3706:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3669:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Chainsaw mill
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:Organizations
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Steam bending
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:French polish
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:Rabbet/Rebate
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:Mason's mitre
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Jointer plane
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Compass plane
3102:
3100:
3099:Chamfer plane
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Bedrock plane
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Veneer hammer
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Impact driver
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Red Quebracho
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:Bow and arrow
2077:
2075:
2074:Boat building
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:List of woods
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Billet (wood)
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Hemicellulose
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Railroad ties
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:Wood products
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1107:
1106:Fpl.fs.fed.us
1100:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1030:
1029:Fpl.fs.fed.us
1023:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
978:
964:
960:
954:
947:
942:
928:on 2017-12-01
927:
923:
917:
915:
899:
893:
878:
872:
870:
861:
857:
853:
849:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
815:on 2021-08-24
814:
810:
806:
800:
786:on 2012-01-05
782:
775:
774:
767:
759:
758:
750:
743:
739:
735:
729:
715:on 2018-07-23
714:
710:
704:
697:
696:1-4027-1055-0
693:
689:
688:New York City
685:
679:
675:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
640:
632:
622:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
594:
591:
587:
584:
580:
573:
564:
561:
558:
556:
552:
544:
540:
528:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:
499:
496:Disadvantages
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
470:
466:
462:
461:
455:
453:
448:
444:
441:and pan-head
440:
435:
432:
428:
427:natural woods
418:
416:
412:
407:
403:
401:
396:
390:Sheet forming
387:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
358:
355:
351:
347:
343:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
306: Oceania
268:
262:Manufacturing
259:
257:
253:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
234:
226:
224:
220:
216:
206:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3437:Heat bending
3382:Edge banding
3154:Router plane
3149:Rebate plane
3109:Finger plane
2840:
2685:
2544:
2538:
2518:
2512:Lignum vitae
2270:
2264:
2229:Wood carving
2204:Shipbuilding
2189:Root carving
2149:Log building
2114:Chip carving
1974:
1944:
1839:Wooden masts
1809:Dugout canoe
1794:Bavin (wood)
1743:Black liquor
1680:Liquid smoke
1496:
1430:Utility pole
1415:Timber truss
1335:Log building
1221:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:the original
1156:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1093:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
1015:
990:
986:
977:
966:. Retrieved
962:
953:
941:
930:. Retrieved
926:the original
902:. Retrieved
892:
881:. Retrieved
860:the original
851:
817:. Retrieved
813:the original
808:
799:
788:. Retrieved
781:the original
772:
766:
756:
749:
733:
728:
717:. Retrieved
713:the original
703:
690:: Sterling.
683:
678:
628:
625:Veneered MDF
619:
595:
583:Formaldehyde
581:
578:
562:
559:
555:shop fitting
548:
534:Applications
526:
509:formaldehyde
507:May release
463:Denser than
436:
424:
408:
404:
397:
393:
379:
364:
346:biomass fuel
339:
326:radiata pine
311:
288: Europe
276: Africa
249:
232:
223:paraffin wax
212:
200:
189:
144:
140:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3658:WikiProject
3604:Rift sawing
3594:Flat sawing
3482:Wood drying
3159:Scrub plane
3144:Razee plane
3094:Block plane
2948:Mitre clamp
2895:Wood scribe
2846:Combination
2588:Purpleheart
2284:Douglas fir
2234:Woodturning
2067:Occupations
2029:Woodworking
1940:Woodworking
1925:Wood drying
1910:Papermaking
1730:By-products
1636:Derivatives
1574:Pellet fuel
1315:Flitch beam
1157:Amrosia.com
631:wood veneer
476:Shapes well
452:pilot holes
348:in on-site
344:or used as
342:landscaping
318:New Zealand
169:temperature
3683:Categories
3613:Techniques
3562:Conversion
3492:Wood stain
3420:Treatments
3208:Birdsmouth
3174:Spokeshave
3124:Jack plane
3114:Fore plane
2953:Pipe clamp
2918:Band clamp
2842:Carpenters
2663:Engineered
2613:Rubberwood
2462:Eucalyptus
2266:Calocedrus
2179:Pyrography
2144:Kohlrosing
1782:Historical
1763:Wood flour
1612:Paperboard
1482:Fiberboard
1440:Engineered
1300:Bressummer
1192:2014-04-02
1167:17 January
1137:17 January
1111:17 January
1055:Indoor Air
1034:17 January
968:2016-12-14
932:2009-11-21
904:2014-04-02
883:2014-04-02
819:17 January
790:2012-06-06
742:9211169216
719:2014-04-02
670:References
659:Solid wood
513:carcinogen
458:Advantages
375:defibrator
322:plantation
282: Asia
215:wood fibre
203:fibreboard
196:fibreboard
157:defibrator
110:April 2012
80:newspapers
3402:Parquetry
3397:Oystering
3392:Marquetry
3233:Butterfly
2900:Workbench
2832:Sandpaper
2812:Mitre box
2757:Drawknife
2747:Burnisher
2732:Abrasives
2681:Hardboard
2342:Afromosia
2224:Whittling
2174:Parquetry
2159:Marquetry
2104:Certosina
2099:Carpentry
2089:Cabinetry
2036:Overviews
1804:Clapboard
1773:Woodchips
1768:Wood wool
1648:Cellulose
1643:Birch-tar
1597:Cardboard
1579:Wood fuel
1487:hardboard
1390:Reclaimed
1355:Panelling
1345:Log house
1340:Log cabin
1007:1748-0272
654:Hardboard
615:leukaemia
469:chipboard
431:isotropic
400:laminated
314:Australia
192:densities
3648:Category
3427:Adhesive
3407:Purfling
3387:Intarsia
3328:Profiles
3253:Dovetail
3192:Geometry
3031:Hand saw
3016:Crosscut
3001:Circular
2996:Chainsaw
2943:Holdfast
2608:Rosewood
2540:American
2535:Mahogany
2507:Jelutong
2477:Hornbeam
2442:Cocobolo
2437:Chestnut
2352:Andiroba
2164:Millwork
2129:Intarsia
2124:Fretwork
2119:Ébéniste
2048:Glossary
1965:Category
1946:Yakisugi
1880:Forestry
1848:See also
1789:Axe ties
1758:Tall oil
1738:Barkdust
1720:Wood gas
1700:Pine tar
1690:Methanol
1622:Pulpwood
1569:Firewood
1552:Charcoal
1545:Fuelwood
1492:Masonite
1420:Treenail
1320:Flooring
1214:Archived
1085:30065953
1077:12532755
983:Mantanis
643:See also
551:Slatwall
491:Flexible
367:Masonite
354:chipping
350:furnaces
330:eucalypt
173:pressure
147:) is an
3668:Commons
3584:Whipsaw
3579:Sawmill
3472:Varnish
3467:Thermal
3442:Lacquer
3377:Binding
3346:Chamfer
3213:Biscuit
3179:Surform
3071:Whipsaw
3041:Keyhole
3026:Fretsaw
3006:Compass
2991:Bucksaw
2981:Bandsaw
2976:Backsaw
2958:Sawbuck
2928:F-clamp
2923:C-clamp
2797:Jointer
2701:Plywood
2653:Zebrano
2593:Ovankol
2558:Meranti
2546:African
2517:Linden
2472:Hickory
2427:Cedrela
2422:Camphor
2417:Bubinga
2412:Boxwood
2392:Bilinga
2377:Avodire
2294:Juniper
2279:Cypress
2154:Luthier
2043:History
1976:Commons
1855:Biomass
1829:Tanbark
1753:Sawdust
1564:Firelog
1557:biochar
1519:Plywood
1477:I-joist
1395:Shingle
1350:Molding
809:Sppd.pl
465:plywood
324:-grown
177:plywood
94:scholar
3574:Hewing
3313:Splice
3268:Halved
3263:Groove
3258:Finger
3238:Coping
3223:Bridle
3200:Joints
3081:Planes
3066:Veneer
3056:Scroll
3051:Ripsaw
3036:Jigsaw
3011:Coping
2910:Clamps
2837:Square
2827:Shaper
2822:Router
2802:Mallet
2777:Gimlet
2752:Chisel
2648:Willow
2638:Walnut
2628:Totara
2618:Sapele
2583:Poplar
2568:Padauk
2530:Merbau
2502:Jarrah
2487:Imbuia
2482:Idigbo
2447:Cumaru
2432:Cherry
2357:Anigre
2319:Spruce
2272:Cedrus
2139:Khatam
2094:Caning
2057:lumber
1814:Potash
1715:Tannin
1675:Lignin
1589:Fibers
1534:lumber
1460:veneer
1400:Siding
1380:Rafter
1375:Purlin
1290:Batten
1283:timber
1279:Lumber
1083:
1075:
1005:
740:
698:p. 114
694:
636:1–2 mm
586:resins
439:T-nuts
415:bamboo
371:lignin
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
163:and a
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3452:Paint
3361:Ovolo
3356:Ogive
3341:Bevel
3308:Scarf
3293:Miter
3061:Table
3046:Miter
3021:Frame
2938:Gripe
2854:Speed
2850:Miter
2782:Gauge
2772:Float
2767:Fence
2762:Drill
2720:Tools
2643:Wenge
2633:Utile
2598:Ramin
2553:Maple
2525:Lovoa
2497:Iroko
2467:Hazel
2452:Ebony
2397:Birch
2387:Beech
2382:Balsa
2372:Aspen
2367:Apple
2347:Alder
2304:Kauri
2299:Larch
2261:Cedar
2244:Woods
2219:Treen
1895:Mulch
1705:Pitch
1627:Rayon
1607:Paper
1425:Truss
1365:Plate
1360:Plank
1325:Joist
1310:Cruck
1102:(PDF)
1081:S2CID
1025:(PDF)
784:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
411:Straw
229:Types
217:, 9%
165:resin
101:JSTOR
87:books
3351:Ogee
3336:Bead
3278:Knee
3248:Dado
3228:Butt
2968:Saws
2880:Vise
2817:Rasp
2742:Adze
2623:Teak
2578:Plum
2573:Pear
2334:Hard
2314:Rimu
2309:Pine
2253:Soft
2053:Wood
1670:Dyes
1653:nano
1617:Pulp
1442:wood
1410:Stud
1405:Sill
1370:Post
1330:Lath
1295:Beam
1169:2018
1139:2018
1113:2018
1073:PMID
1036:2018
1003:ISSN
821:2018
738:ISBN
692:ISBN
527:into
467:and
413:and
316:and
171:and
153:wood
73:news
3477:Wax
3447:Oil
3283:Lap
3218:Box
2986:Bow
2858:Try
2737:Axe
2691:OSB
2686:MDF
2563:Oak
2492:Ipê
2457:Elm
2362:Ash
2324:Yew
2289:Fir
1685:Lye
1497:MDF
1465:LVL
1305:CLS
1063:doi
995:doi
605:'s
312:In
194:of
161:wax
145:MDF
56:by
3685::
2856:,
2852:,
2848:,
2844:,
2543:,
2269:,
1185:.
1155:.
1129:.
1104:.
1079:.
1071:.
1059:12
1057:.
1053:.
1027:.
1001:.
991:13
989:.
961:.
913:^
868:^
850:.
829:^
807:.
686:.
454:.
205:.
187:.
2861:)
2839:(
2549:)
2537:(
2275:)
2263:(
2059:)
2055:(
2021:e
2014:t
2007:v
1281:/
1263:e
1256:t
1249:v
1195:.
1171:.
1141:.
1115:.
1087:.
1065::
1038:.
1009:.
997::
971:.
935:.
907:.
886:.
823:.
793:.
744:.
722:.
143:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
