1454:
gradually grew, and coverage increased (coverage wars were frequent in the early period). However, this period soon ended, with consolidation around 1995–1996 with gentlemen agreements between larger companies over areas of control and pricing, with claims of monopoly abounding. This process of consolidation was completed around 2005–2006, when only two big suppliers of cable remained: UPC-Astral and RDS. Cable TV is now available in most of the country, including most rural areas. Satellite digital TV appeared in 2004.
1111:
1813:
with the additional possibility to hold an amount not larger than 20% from another company in the field of audiovisual communication." (3) A "transfer of an audiovisual license is only possible with the approval of the NCA and results in a complete shift of responsibilities to the new license owner (Art. 56). This is particularly relevant for cases of mergers or acquisitions, in which the NCA can intervene by not approving the transfer of license."
580:
52:
4807:
1748:, CNA). The CNA is the main regulatory authority for the broadcast media in Romania, being the guardian of public interest. It is tasked with the implementation of the Audiovisual Law and of all by-laws, including the Code of Regulations for the Broadcasting Content, and it issues recommendations and instructions. The CNA is composed of 11 members, appointed for six years: three by each Chamber of Parliament, two by the
1855:", a consolidation of local capital, often connected with unclear interests, both economical and political. Owners use media outlets in the interest of other business or political purposes. Over 55% of generalists and news channels are directly or indirectly politically affiliated. In 2015 the CMPF assessed a high risk of "Politicisation of control over media outlets" and a medium risk of "Political bias in the media".
1706:, binding for the entire profession, although this is often not respected in practice. It also supported journalists in legal cases against arbitrary dismissals and mistreatment. Several journalists' associations exist, including The Association of Journalists in Romania, formed by 70 prominent Bucarest-based journalists.
1669:, as part of the Foreign Ministry, but discontinued in 1916 and re-established in 1921 as Orient-Radio Agency, later RADOR, turned by the communist regime in Agerpres in 1949. RADOR survives as the brand of the news service of the national public radio. Agerpres produces around 300 news items daily and takes part in the
1894:'s government (but the example was followed also on lower levels), either directly or through state companies, often with the mean of advertising. And while now public subsidies are close to zero, indirect ones, such as state advertising, are high. According to the CMPF state advertising represents a medium risk.
2607:
According to the Civil
Liberties Union for Europe this amount as establishing internet censorship. The most serious fact are that the decision can be taken by an administrative authority, without court intervention, and that the measures targets not only unauthorized gambling websites themselves, but
1453:
channels were available, one only in about 20% of the country. Private TV channels were slow to appear, because of lack of experience and high start-up costs. In this environment, cable TV companies appeared and thrived, providing 15-20 foreign channels for a very low price. Many small, startup firms
1384:
is the international channel. TVR also hosts regional stations based in Timișoara, Cluj, Targu Mures, Craiova and Iasi. TVR usually is slammed for being politicised (its president and board are nominated by the parliamentary majority) and for being based on a hybrid financing system, drawing from the
799:
The
Romanian Press Club has an Ethics Code and a Council of Honour to inquire journalists and media outlets found in breach of professional norms – although its decisions have often been criticised as arbitrary. The Convention of Media Organisations (COM) also adopted a deontological code; COM-member
771:
is guaranteed by the
Constitution and by a specific law (Law on Free Access to Information of Public Interest, adopted in 2001). Public bodies are required to release information to the public, and journalists are afforded special privileges to obtain them faster. Yet, access to public information is
1487:
Romania has rapidly improving domestic and international services, especially in wireless telephony. The domestic network offers good, modern services in urban areas; 98% of telephone network is automatic while 71% is digitized; trunk network is mostly fiber-optic cable and radio relay; about 80% of
1468:
Cinema is one of the least popular forms of entertainment in
Romania, and over 100 cinema theatres have closed down since 1989. Romania has the lowest number of cinema goers in Europe. 75 active cinemas were counted in 2008 (down from 155 in 2004), more than half being outdated theatres owned by the
956:
The print sector has suffered heavily from the economic crisis, and the TV sector is also facing contraction. Few media are profitable, and they increasingly depend on advertising. The distribution of public advertising funds is politicised, and that of advertising funds from the
European Union (the
2596:
Providers of networks and services of electronic communications are obliged to respect the decisions of the
Supervisory Board of on restricting access to the websites of gambling unauthorized in Romania, as well as those on advertising gambling organized by a gambling operator which is unlicensed
1877:
In 2017, Romanian media watchdog ActiveWatch warned that the private media sector was increasingly influenced by political interests. According to the NGO, "With job-insecurity and low pay commonplace, many
Romanian journalists face the stark choice between obeying orders that effectively come from
1093:
Magazines are a thriving segment. Some are spin-offs of popular newspapers, such as
Libertatea or Click. Women's weeklies, TV guides and business weeklies (Business Magazin, Money Express, Saptamana financiara, Capital) also make good revenues. Glossy magazines and international franchises complete
795:
Journalists have opposed initiatives for a Law on the Press, fearing that it would impose restrictions rather than granting freedoms. A 2009 study by CIJ, ActiveWatch and IMAS (The
Institute for Marketing and Polls) reports that most journalists say that professional norms are not respected, mostly
2577:
In its report "The State of
Romanian Mass Media 2020", the Center for Independent Journalism reiterated that self-censorship continues to be a problem in many newsrooms, wherein journalists are forced to tow a certain political line. The end result is that "less and less original stories come from
1812:
in the formation of public opinion. A media company is considered in a dominant position if its share from the national sector-based market is over 30%. Public service broadcaster is exempted. (2) The law "limits the number of media companies in which an owner can hold a majority of shares to one,
995:
The Romanian print press market is rich and diversified. The National Institute of Statistics (NIS) counted up to 300 newspaper publishers in 2007, of which 159 dailies, and over 350 magazine publishers. 300 of them are audited by the Romanian Audit Bureau of Circulation (BRAT), hence gaining in
2330:
was founded in 1993 and is the main competitor of ProTV. The group owns a total of five television channel, others being Antena 2, Antena 3, Antena International, and Euforia TV, radio station Radio Romantic, news agency Amos News, many printed periodicals, a publishing and a production house.
1638:
Newspapers' websites are the main sources of information online. Online-only news outlets (such as HotNews.ro, ziare.com, ziare.ro, news.ro, liberalist.ro, corectnews.com, psnews.ro, activenews.ro, stiripesurse.ro) are more and more common, but they usually do not have the resources to produce
2545:
Civil liability for any information or creation made public falls upon the publisher or producer, the author, the producer of the artistic performance, the owner of the copying facilities, radio or television station, under the terms laid down by law. Indictable offences of the press shall be
1828:
The Competition Law (RP 1996, amended in 2001) applies to all economic sectors. Its focuses mainly on preventing market dominance. Concentration is not illegal in itself, but only when it creates or consolidates a dominant position. Still, it is allowed in some cases, such as when it improves
1886:
For many years after the 1990 public funds were granted "in the form of rescheduling and cancelling tax liabilities for several groups of companies" in a way that "created advantages for the existing players in the market and raised obstacles for potential newcomers and for those who did not
1225:
Television is the most popular entertainment media in Romania, and it gathers two thirds of all advertising funds (337 million euro in 2008). The National Study of TV Audience has registered almost 50 TV stations distributed nationwide, including general audience and specialised channels.
2541:
Any defamation of the country and the nation, any instigation to a war of aggression, to national, racial, class or religious hatred, any incitement to discrimination, territorial separatism, or public violence, as well as any obscene conduct contrary to morality shall be prohibited by
812:
Journalists in Romania have to deal with job insecurity due to low and delayed salaries, as well as commercial and political pressures from media owners and advertisers. Collective labour contracts for the mass media sector expired in early 2014. Reporters in Romania also often face
800:
organisations have developed self-regulation guidelines for an increased accountability in the Romanian media. A "Unique Code" was issued in October 2009 by COM, MediaSind trade union and the Association of Journalists in Romania, to be adopted for the whole profession.
2222:, entered the Romanian market in 1995, with Adrian Sârbu's Media Pro as a local partner, something that was required for operating an audiovisual license. Sârbu was also appointed as chief executive and chairman of CME. However, in February 2014 he was charged with
1229:
Romanian television is dominated by a small number of corporations, owning multiple TV channels as well as radio stations, newspapers and media agencies. Their television business is structured around a flagship channel and a number of smaller specialized,
1164:) and Info Pro (CME). The most popular private networks are Radio Zu (Intact), Radio 21 (Lagardere), ProFM (CME), Kiss FM (ProSiebenSat1), relying mostly on advertisement revenues, and broadcasting musical hits, entertainment, and short news bulletins.
1781:
Even though the Romanian legislation in the field of media ownership transparency is fully aligned with the European standards, in practice sufficient information to assess who effectively owns and ultimately controls the media is not always available.
772:
less and less used by journalists, who do not have resources to invest in investigative reporting while faced with severe economic conditions in the media sector in the country. Cases of officials obstructing access to information have been reported.
2287:
defined ProTV as being dependent on the goodwill of Romanian government, because it is claimed it has granted huge loans to the media, thus allowing its rapid growth. In fact it has given the government more airtime than to the opposition in the
1473:. New multiplex cinemas have been opening in shopping malls, including Hollywood Multiplex, Movieplex Cinema, and Cinema City Romania. Over 85% of tickets are for US blockbusters, with only 3.6% in 2008 for domestic Romanian film productions.
673:
Romania's newspaper market thrived after the 1989 revolution, but many newspapers subsequently closed because of rising costs. Most households in Bucharest have cable TV. There are hundreds of cable distributors offering access to Romanian,
2566:
and Media" in South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) member countries noted that while in Romania there were no cases of direct censorship in mass media, there were indeed cases of "indirect censorship" or
1790:
There are many media outlets in the Romanian market, but few media conglomerates control most of the audience, leaving pluralism only on the surface. Media ownership is highly concentrated and state advertising also poses a risk.
2494:
The board of TVR is appointed by parliament. In 2015 the CMPF assessed a high risk for the "Independence of governance and funding". Romanian Television gave the government more airtime than to the opposition in the
1732:
Print and online media have no particular regulatory authority. The Culture and Mass Media Committees of the two chambers of Parliament are competent on the issue but do not exercise monitoring and control.
1159:
Private FM stations dominate the market in Romania, with more than 700 licenses from the National Broadcasting Council by 2009. Two networks achieved national coverage: Europa FM (owned by the French group
1188:
764:
charges. Defamation was decriminalised in 2010 by a Supreme Court ruling, but this was later overturned by a 2013 Constitutional Court decision. Civil defamation lawsuits often target journalists.
3098:
3151:
1848:
In 2015 the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) assessed a medium risk for "Concentration of media ownership" and a high risk for the "Concentration of cross-media ownership".
1408:'s daughter), are market leaders, sharing about 32% of the market, with public television in the third place. A feature of Romanian Television after 2000 was the boom of specialized channels.
899:
cover most cities and most of them belong to national radio networks. Overall readership of most newspapers is slowly declining due to increasing competition from television and the Internet.
2574:
Journalists risk their jobs in they do not respect the editorial policy decided by media owner, who might be a businessman protecting its business. Journalists who stay in line are rewarded.
2523:
Freedom of expression of thoughts, opinions, or beliefs, and freedom of any creation, by words, in writing, in pictures, by sounds or other means of communication in public are inviolable.
1713:
gathers the owners and managers of media outlets, pushing the interests of the media organisations. Local publishers are grouped into the Ownership Association of Local Publishers (APEL).
3591:
1717:
1752:, and three by the government; all have to be confirmed by the Parliament. The appointments to its board are politicised, and the body thus often acts in a biased and ineffective way.
4846:
1702:, claiming around 9,000 members, of which 7,500 journalists. Most of Romania's 30,000 journalist remain unaffiliated. MediaSind has negotiated with the employers' organisations the
1651:, a private news agency founded in 1991 and part of MediaPro group, dominates the news agency market, producing 600 news items per day, and expanding abroad in the Czech market too.
2642:
it can damage internet security. Moreover, while at the moment the infrastructure is used only for unauthorized gambling website, it could be potentially used for other purposes.
2249:
According to 2007 informations in terms of ownership the group controls 26% of the television market, 9% of the urban radio market and 5% of the print market. Its main outlet is
3195:
1152:
The first private radio stations appeared in 1990; there are now more than 100 of them. State-run Radio Romania operates four national networks and regional and local stations.
809:), issuing warnings and fines for non lack of fairness and accuracy, as well as forcing media to display public acknowledgements for promoting indecent language and behaviour.
1820:
appears however "more concerned with the regulation of content than with that of the market" The Audiovisual Law does not target vertical concentration/cross-media ownership.
2234:, sold his shares in CME and withdrew from all positions. He was detained for 30 days in February 2015. Meanwhile, Lauder withdrew from CME board. In 2014 CME was bought by
903:
and sport newspapers are among the most read national newspapers. In every large city there is at least one local newspaper, which usually covers the rest of the county. An
730:. The Constitution also states that "Freedom of the press also involves the free setting up of publications," and that "No publication shall be suppressed, establishes free
4198:
4881:
4876:
2479:
2097:
1296:
4753:
3879:
3245:
1994:
2319:(PSD) and Antena 1 was favourable to the party during the campaign. He was sentenced to 10 years of prison on money laundering charges. He is cited as an example of "
4901:
3674:. In Bárd, Petra; Bayer, Judit (eds.). A Comparative Analysis of Media Freedom and Pluralism in the EU Member States (Report). European Parliament. pp. 173–185.
914:, thus ensuring a constant pro-governmental bias. In the private sector, owners' interests in other economic sectors usually define the editorial line of the media.
3685:
4710:
2631:(ISP) through block and redirect to the ONJN website, which is the able to collect data about users who attempted to navigate to an unauthorized gambling website.
952:
admitted in September 2014 to having been an undercover agent, thus raising concerns about the penetration of the security services in the media sector of Romania.
961:. Ownership structure of Romanian media is often obfuscated through intermediaries. Foreign media have a presence in the country but have recently scaled it down
2749:
On 1 February 2017 German freelance cameraman Christian Gesellmann was violently arrested by police in Bucharest while covering an anti-government demonstration.
4951:
4946:
3811:
990:
840:
command the lion's share of viewing, however there is a large number of smaller, private stations, some of them part of local networks. The state broadcaster,
4936:
4851:
1683:-Catavencu group. It produces around 300 news items daily and focuses on business and technology, targeting companies directly rather than journalism outlets.
1433:, with over 79% of all households watching television through a CATV network in 2007. The market is extremely dynamic, and dominated by two giant companies –
1710:
1703:
1083:
4138:
2347:
Bluelink Comunicazioni. The company also launched a news agency, NewsIn, but was not able to challenge MediaFax. Vântu has been an informer for Securitate.
1837:) is in charge. The law also applies to print media. However, the CC policies are only based on economic principles, without attention for media pluralism.
1632:
In November 2008, the number of registered .ro domains was over 340,000, of which 315,000 were active. This represents an increase of 50% in a single year.
4996:
4976:
4931:
4743:
3786:
980:
741:
is forbidden when it insults state symbols or religion, and when it promotes fascist or racist ideologies. Small fines are imposed: in 2014, the president
5016:
4911:
4861:
4856:
4926:
4763:
4748:
4108:
3095:
1075:
5001:
4981:
4961:
4871:
4836:
4831:
4733:
5021:
4991:
4971:
4916:
4896:
1969:
497:
5011:
5006:
2506:
is publicly funded (€3.1 million in 2014). It was reorganized by Law 19/2003. According to 2007 informations it has 22% of television market share.
1689:
International agencies with bureaus in Bucarest include Reuters, AP and France Presse, while others such as Bloomberg have permanent correspondents.
4986:
4841:
319:
3148:
1300:
1054:
Local newspapers are usually not backed by big investors, and thus remain vulnerable to political and commercial pressures. The main ones include
884:
5138:
4921:
4906:
4886:
4826:
4821:
1304:
1055:
114:
3709:
4966:
919:
4168:
2743:
On 16 May 2012 "Dan Buruca, an investigative reporter at Realitatea TV, was beaten by two individuals in the lobby of his apartment building".
1721:
1470:
1048:
2107:
1385:
state budget, a special TV tax, and advertising too. Civil society pressures to achieve depoliticisation of TVR have not yet been fruitful
1308:
610:
1524:(owned by the Greek company OTE and the Romanian state) is the dominant fixed line provider (around 80% of the market share) and the only
1998:
1699:
4048:
2830:
4796:
2997:
2764:
1776:
3199:
1952:
941:
The state anticorruption prosecutor was repeatedly attacked in 2014 on the media controlled by the jailed political and media moghul
927:
4078:
2786:
2746:
On 10 November 2014, Stefan Mako, an investigative journalist of Casa Jurnalistului, was detained by police after filming an arrest.
2733:
insulted ZIUA Veche journalist Cornelia Popescu after she asked him about contradictions in his declarations of financial interests.
779:
adopted a draft amendment that would have obliged television and radio broadcasters to have a 50% of "good" or "positive" news. The
5770:
5054:
1676:
856:
2467:. "Lagardère also owned a stake in Radio XXI together with Fundaţia Secolul XXI", which has amongst its member politicians of the
1745:
1420:
5699:
3627:
2002:
1755:
The National Authority for Communications (ANCOM) is the regulatory body for the TLC market, setting and enforcing market rules.
976:
492:
2538:
Freedom of expression shall not be prejudicial to the dignity, honour, privacy of a person, and to the right to one's own image.
4414:
4206:
3522:
3491:
3331:
3273:
3174:
3125:
3045:
3022:
2977:
2870:
5173:
3581:
1762:– CNC), part of the Ministry of Culture, supervises the cinema industry and organises competitions to finance film projects.
828:
has one of the most dynamic media markets in southeastern Europe. TV is the medium of choice for most Romanians. State-owned
805:
507:
149:
3887:
3668:
3249:
1555:
cellular networks (Orange, Vodafone and Cosmote) covering more than 85% of the territory (about 98% of the population), one
5406:
5350:
3751:
5338:
5286:
5195:
3935:
958:
635:. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on
3002:(Press Self-regulation in Romania), cercetare cantitativa (quantitative research), CJI, ActiveWatch, IMAS, October 2009.
2315:(formerly Humanist Party), senator from 2004 to 2012. Before 2004 general election Voiculescu's party was allied to the
1845:
There are many media outlets in Romania, but a few of them got most of the audience, making pluralism just an illusion.
1716:
NGOs dealing with the media sector take part in the umbrella organisation called the Convention of Media Organisations (
5365:
4358:
3220:
2215:
1922:
1724:—The Media Monitoring Agency, both dealing with training and advocacy to improve the quality of journalism in Romania.
1670:
1397:
1252:
223:
5471:
5446:
3068:
2727:
2658:
2468:
2316:
1147:
3819:
1172:
5436:
5255:
5123:
4540:
1902:
This table gives an overview of the main media conglomerates in Romania. More details about some groups are below:
1805:
603:
99:
17:
4254:
4470:
4146:
780:
445:
388:
2918:"OSCE media freedom representative urges Romanian President to veto bill on mandatory percentage of 'good news'"
5765:
5760:
5431:
5210:
4789:
3995:
3968:
2496:
2326:
According to 2007 informations 15% of the print market, 2% of the urban radio market and 15% of the TV market.
2289:
383:
4307:"OSCE media freedom representative condemns attack on journalist in Romania and calls for swift investigation"
4116:
4026:
1449:. Broadcast television is very limited because of the high penetration of cable. In the early 1990s, only two
5491:
5225:
5163:
2686:
1871:
1156:
is available on 88 FM in the capital, and is relayed in Timișoara (93.9), Sibiu (88.4) and Constanta (96.9).
986:
279:
139:
2944:"OSCE media freedom representative welcomes Romanian Constitutional Court's ruling against 'good news' bill"
1122:
5301:
5240:
5096:
5047:
4281:"OSCE media freedom representative urges Romanian authorities to investigate recent attacks on journalists"
3909:
2312:
1817:
1482:
426:
314:
72:
2253:
which was launched in 1994, but it owns a total of five television stations, two national radio, the main
5599:
5515:
5421:
5101:
4677:
4490:
2400:
2177:
1525:
1192:
970:
864:
596:
559:
356:
218:
77:
3997:
1023:(Adevarul Holding), that in 2009 distributed 236,000 copies (more than all the quality press combined),
255:
5567:
5441:
5401:
5328:
5245:
5230:
5128:
4738:
4515:
4407:
3593:
The concentration of media ownership in Romania: supporting or challenging pluralism and media freedom?
3574:
The concentration of media ownership in Romania: supporting or challenging pluralism and media freedom?
2664:
Investigative journalist Iosif Costinas disappeared on 8 June 2002 and was found dead on 21 March 2003.
2483:
1548:
1544:
The penetration rate of mobile telephony exceeded 100 percent in 2007 and reached 126 percent in 2008.
1353:
564:
539:
502:
421:
351:
104:
3996:
Association for the Defense of Human Rights in Romania – the Helsinki Committee (September 30, 2015).
5604:
5360:
5250:
4782:
3377:
2892:"OSCE media freedom representative urges Romanian authorities to finalize decriminalization of libel"
2628:
1744:
allocations, content monitoring and license allocation are done by the National Audiovisual Council (
1419:
allocations, content monitoring and license allocation are done by the National Audiovisual Council (
859:
cover all the country and have also international programs. The state also owns a public news agency
757:
654:
416:
1196:
1176:
895:. It offers besides the national channels a great number of international and specialized channels.
260:
5592:
5486:
5466:
5461:
5411:
5235:
4705:
4602:
4597:
4176:
2261:
1990:
1357:
1346:
911:
852:
393:
309:
287:
2343:
was revealed in 2006 as being the key owner of Realitatea Media, which was formally controlled by
1180:
265:
250:
245:
5562:
5532:
5311:
5291:
5158:
5040:
4387:
2609:
2515:
2034:
848:, and a pan-European satellite channel. Pay TV channels have a smaller but significant audience.
753:
user was also fined after he had posted a Nazi slogan that was then quoted by a local newspaper.
719:
644:
534:
431:
378:
134:
2051:
2030:
1936:
1878:
corporate or financial masters, or – if refusing and asking too many questions – being sacked."
1268:
872:
5547:
5391:
5316:
5148:
4562:
2737:
2423:
2132:
1804:
The Audiovisual Law (RP 2002) applies to television and radio: (1) Article 44 establishes that
1314:
1286:
880:
124:
2116:
5632:
5557:
5542:
5345:
5333:
5306:
5260:
4715:
4400:
4056:
3626:
Marina Popescu; Adina Marincea; Ioana Lupea; Ruxandra Gubernat; Roxana Bodea (October 2015).
2827:
2351:
has been involved with Realitatea, but he left after a clash with Vântu and went on founding
1809:
1220:
910:
The parliamentary majority controls appointments in the leadership of the public broadcaster
768:
731:
723:
648:
458:
370:
346:
179:
4891:
4333:"OSCE Representative calls for full investigation of police attack on journalist in Romania"
2535:
The law may impose upon the mass media the obligation to make public their financing source.
2340:
2065:
2046:
1211:, a publishing house, a radio theatre production department, several orchestras and choirs.
5552:
5537:
5501:
5481:
5355:
5323:
5296:
5183:
5133:
4662:
3710:"Bought and paid for – how Romania's media is pressured by corporate and political masters"
2443:
According to 2007 informations it has 4% of the television market. It used to control also
2348:
1749:
1278:
1184:
1090:. Readership has been in decline, among lacking professionalisation and poor distribution.
923:
484:
206:
169:
109:
1016:
8:
5689:
5674:
5664:
5582:
5577:
5476:
5426:
5416:
5274:
5205:
5168:
5108:
4632:
4592:
4572:
4552:
4455:
4086:
2736:
In January 2012 journalists from various media outlets were assaulted while covering the
2707:
2587:
2464:
2190:
1830:
1627:
1450:
1012:
841:
829:
658:
301:
210:
144:
84:
3625:
2678:
On 6 November 2004 journalist Sebastian Oancea of the Ziarul de Vrancea was harassed in
2427:
2136:
2103:
1833:. The law also targets vertical concentration/cross-ownership. The Competition Council (
5725:
5718:
5619:
5609:
5496:
5379:
5200:
5143:
5088:
5078:
5067:
4866:
4567:
3845:. Vienna: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 2003. pp. 173–186.
2783:
2327:
2284:
2026:
2022:
2017:
1401:
1242:
1238:
1095:
1032:
1019:(Intact). Their circulation numbers remain low in relation to popular tabloids such as
900:
892:
837:
803:
Among the broadcast media, regulation is managed by the National Broadcasting Council (
521:
119:
62:
42:
3635:
2851:. Vol. 2 (48 ed.). London and New York: Routledge. 2007. pp. 3734–3759.
2460:
1608:
1161:
5642:
5572:
5396:
4695:
4647:
4642:
4617:
4475:
3577:
2693:
2653:
2444:
2406:
2320:
1851:
In recent years there was a decrease in transnational investments and the so-called "
1463:
1290:
1153:
1008:
776:
463:
4956:
3686:"The struggle of Romenian media: media ownership patterns in post-communist Romania"
3246:"Adevarul - Numărul domeniilor .ro a crescut cu 50% faţă de anul trecut - Financiar"
1891:
1592:
1568:
5734:
5694:
5684:
5647:
5627:
5527:
5220:
5215:
4672:
4622:
4582:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4480:
4465:
4460:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
3519:
3488:
3328:
3270:
3171:
3122:
3091:
3042:
3019:
2974:
2867:
2370:
2266:
2227:
2077:
2042:
1975:
1963:
1852:
1737:
1588:
1564:
1412:
1040:
888:
474:
453:
407:
324:
237:
33:
4941:
2366:
2082:
1488:
exchange capacity is digital. Roughly 3,300 villages have outdated or no service.
1168:
5669:
5659:
5153:
4758:
4700:
4667:
4657:
4637:
4627:
4612:
4607:
4587:
4557:
4525:
4510:
4485:
3526:
3495:
3335:
3277:
3178:
3155:
3129:
3102:
3072:
3049:
3026:
2981:
2874:
2834:
2790:
2568:
2563:
2374:
2160:
2111:
2087:
2070:
1576:
949:
896:
529:
192:
129:
4199:"Plea for charges to be dropped against two journalists in defence secrets case"
3096:
Romania are cea mai mare rata de penetrare a televiziunii prin cablu din Balcani
2264:. It is also the Romanian publisher of some international media outlets, namely
5739:
4652:
4577:
4547:
3782:
3758:
2304:
2011:
1720:– COM). Its most active members are the Center for Independent Journalism, and
1405:
1191:(a youth station broadcasting online). It also holds an international station (
942:
742:
703:
book production (inclusively pamphlets): 13,288,000 titles and 9,288,000 copies
675:
584:
338:
187:
3942:
3840:
2518:, adopted in 1991 and amended in 2003, is dedicated to freedom of expression:
1890:
Massive public support to media outlets cabinet was given particularly during
5754:
5652:
4229:"OSCE media watchdog calls on Romania to drop leak cases against journalists"
2712:
2448:
2431:
2277:
2219:
2125:
2060:
2056:
1986:
1867:
1442:
1282:
907:
was established in 1998 and today represents a large number of publications.
760:
praised reforms to the criminal code; journalists can no longer be jailed on
746:
662:
2352:
1200:
5637:
5453:
4774:
3149:
Romania are 19,5 milioane de utilizatori ai serviciilor de telefonie mobila
2689:
2635:
2300:
2243:
2231:
1373:
1231:
931:
784:
640:
3065:
2672:
5118:
2730:
2720:
2254:
2235:
2223:
1612:
1604:
1580:
1533:
957:
biggest advertisement buyer) has not been transparent in the wake of the
891:
is widely available in almost all localities, and some have even adopted
738:
636:
94:
2711:
faced charges for possessing and divulging contents of a CD relating to
2436:
2146:
1110:
1000:
3865:
2529:
Freedom of the press also involves the free setting up of publications.
2394:
2308:
2171:
1940:
1863:
1698:
The largest federation of Romanian trade unions in the media sector is
1680:
1596:
1572:
1529:
1521:
1446:
1438:
1329:
There are many localized or franchised international channels (such as
1264:
1204:
761:
727:
628:
2679:
815:
verbal abuse, intimidation, and occasionally even physical aggressions
5587:
3857:
2486:. According to 2007 informations it has 4% of the television market.
2422:
in 1997. Later he associated himself with international conglomerate
2392:
Ringier controls 56% of the print market, publishing newspapers like
1859:
1741:
1618:
network. Mobile telephony had a 108% penetration rate in March 2008.
1495:
1416:
814:
162:
4027:"Internet censorship redux – under the guise of regulating gambling"
1957:
1349:). Furthermore, there are a few independent and local broadcasters.
1079:
1004:
5032:
4359:"Romania: Bucharest police hit, arrest German cameraman at protest"
2645:
2613:
2503:
2419:
2358:
According to 2007 informations 4% it has of the television market.
2257:
2141:
1948:
1944:
1654:
1648:
1560:
1508:
digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest.
1502:
1377:
1318:
1272:
1246:
1036:
935:
750:
4806:
4392:
3787:"Romania's media haunted by communism and dominated by capitalism"
1932:
1512:
The combined (fixed+mobile) telephone penetration rate is 108.3%.
1260:
51:
5063:
4332:
3295:"Ştiri de ultima ora si ultimele ştiri – ştiri online – Mediafax"
3144:
3108:
2891:
2759:
2617:
2386:
2272:
2165:
1981:
1434:
1426:
1393:
1338:
1322:
1059:
876:
860:
825:
632:
4306:
4280:
4228:
2943:
2917:
1071:
2621:
2344:
2239:
2152:
1928:
1862:
involving media can be cited. Some owners had connections with
1430:
1389:
1256:
1087:
1067:
868:
833:
4255:"Improper behaviour towards a journalist by MEP George Becali"
3196:"Telefonia mobila are 22,6 milioane de utilizatori in Romania"
5113:
3107:
Romania has the highest penetration rates of cable TV in the
2639:
2250:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1063:
845:
89:
4139:"Local authorities again target the daily Ziarul de Vrancea"
3842:
The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional Journalism
3459:"AMOSNews Agentie Independenta de Presa – Agenţia AMOS News"
790:
2716:
2701:
2200:
2196:
1635:
Over 50% of the Romanian population used internet in 2014.
1615:
1600:
1584:
1556:
1381:
3458:
3385:
3294:
863:. The private media is grouped in media companies such as
3432:
1552:
1342:
1334:
1330:
4109:"Journalist who covers corruption is beaten unconscious"
3407:
1429:
has very high penetration rates for cable television in
3941:(Report). Independent Journalism Center. Archived from
3757:(Report). Centre for Media Transparency. Archived from
3352:
2463:
entered the Romanian market in 2000 with the launch of
1679:
is the newest national agency, launched in 2006 by the
694:
mobile cellular phones (subscribers): 22,000,000 (2008)
2793:
Reporters Without Borders, Retrieved 20 September 2013
2696:
of two Romanian journalists working for foreign media.
2682:
by three different political and official authorities.
1234:
channels. The biggest corporations of this kind are:
3812:"Media ownership concentration and crisis in Romania"
2651:
In 2002 Silvia Vranceanu of the opposition newspaper
2389:
was an exception to the lack of foreign investments.
1657:
is the state news agency (from 1990 to 2010 known as
904:
651:, the Romanian media system is under transformation.
2260:, national and local newspaper, publishing company
1919:Adrian Sârbu (founder and former CEO of Media Pro)
1520:There are 4,106,000 main lines in use (June 2007).
3159:(Romania has 19.5 millions mobile telephony users)
2592:Law 124/2015, passed on June 12, 2015, held that:
1808:and increase in audience shares must not generate
1563:only network (Romtelecom). Five networks, meaning
1039:, belonging to MediaPro. Business dailies include
783:, however, ruled the bill unconstitutional before
681:According to europaworld.com, in 2004 there were:
3856:
3666:
3353:"Agenția de presă Rador – Agenția de presă Rador"
3037:
3035:
2657:was intimidated after writing articles about the
2404:. From 2003 to 2010 it was also the publisher of
5752:
2646:Charges, attacks and threats against journalists
1686:Smaller agencies include AM Press and Amos News.
930:media group) after he had harshly criticised PM
691:telephones (main lines in use): 4,390,800 (2005)
1551:cards active by December 2013. There are three
3032:
1785:
1207:. Radio România also includes the news agency
737:No specific Press Law is in force in Romania.
5048:
4790:
4408:
4169:"Secret police tap phones of two journalists"
3749:
3667:Preoteasa, Manuela; Schwartz, Andrei (2016).
3221:"Rata de penetrare a telefoniei mobile, 108%"
734:and the autonomy of the public radio and TV.
604:
4804:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3690:Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso – Transeuropa
2482:is owned by Ioan and Viorel Micula, CEOs of
1639:original and quality journalistic contents.
1599:provides voice and data services over their
3816:European Centre for Press and Media Freedom
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
999:The quality segment includes title such as
5055:
5041:
4797:
4783:
4415:
4401:
4049:"Intimidation of an opposition journalist"
3781:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3408:"STATUS – Conceptul STATUS Healthcare Hub"
2840:
2765:Transparency of media ownership in Romania
1777:Transparency of media ownership in Romania
1214:
611:
597:
3982:
3933:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
1727:
1195:) and a regional network of 12 stations (
887:and other smaller independent companies.
796:due to political and business pressures.
791:Status and self-regulation of journalists
3969:"The State of Romanian Mass-Media, 2020"
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3649:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3476:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3060:
3058:
3005:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2612:(EDRi) advocacy group questions whether
713:
643:, and other sales-related revenues. The
4020:
4018:
3809:
3610:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
977:Category:Magazines published in Romania
14:
5753:
4024:
3929:
3927:
3750:Preoteasa, Manuela; Schwartz, Andrei.
3505:
3263:
3164:
2581:
2311:, founder and former president of the
1897:
996:credibility and advertising revenues.
844:, operates a second national network,
5036:
4778:
4396:
3976:The Center for Independent Journalism
3726:
3312:
3055:
2962:
2855:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2699:In February 2006 Sebastian Oancea of
2627:Since the restriction is operated by
2369:is a Turkish conglomerate founded by
1746:Consiliul Național al Audiovizualului
1611:provides voice and data services via
1476:
1421:Consiliul Național al Audiovizualului
1187:(farming and rural communities), and
1141:
806:Consiliul National al Audiovizualului
5062:
4015:
3998:"Romania Begins Internet Censorship"
3966:
3589:
3571:
3536:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2685:On 26 January 2005 the chief of the
1758:The National Cinematography Centre (
1105:
1031:(Ringier). Sport newspapers include
665:ranked it as "partly free" in 2014.
4422:
4205:. February 24, 2006. Archived from
3936:Labor Relations and Media – Romania
3924:
2999:Autoreglementarea Presei in Romania
2667:On 3 December 2003 Ino Ardelean of
2532:No publication shall be suppressed.
2526:Any censorship shall be prohibited.
1760:Centrul National al Cinematografiei
1661:). It was first founded in 1889 as
959:2014 Romanian presidential election
857:Societatea Română de Radiodifuziune
647:guarantees freedom of speech. As a
24:
4175:. January 28, 2005. Archived from
4145:. November 9, 2004. Archived from
4115:. December 5, 2003. Archived from
3849:
3135:
3132:, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010
3052:, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010
3029:, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010
2557:
2216:Central European Media Enterprises
2045:and Maricel Păcuraru (co-owners),
1923:Central European Media Enterprises
1887:benefited from masked subsidies".
1794:
1765:
1671:European Alliance of News Agencies
1398:Central European Media Enterprises
1253:Central European Media Enterprises
25:
5782:
4388:BBC NEWS country profile: Romania
4381:
2796:
2728:Member of the European Parliament
1718:Conventia Organizatiilor de Media
1642:
1559:only (Digi.Mobil) as well as one
1148:List of radio stations in Romania
4805:
4085:. March 27, 2003. Archived from
4079:"Vanished journalist found dead"
4055:. August 9, 2002. Archived from
4025:Vasile, Matei (12 August 2015).
3752:The men who bit the (watch) dogs
2550:Art. 30, Constitution of Romania
2186:board is appointed by parliament
2010:Camelia (president), Corina and
1806:concentration of media ownership
1171:manages five national stations:
1109:
820:
578:
50:
5771:Mass media in Europe by country
4351:
4325:
4299:
4273:
4247:
4221:
4191:
4161:
4131:
4101:
4071:
4041:
3960:
3902:
3872:
3833:
3803:
3775:
3702:
3678:
3520:Romania #Regulatory Authorities
3451:
3425:
3400:
3378:"AGERPRES • Actualizează lumea"
3370:
3345:
3287:
3238:
3213:
3188:
3115:
3082:
2975:Romania #Accountability systems
2385:In the 1990s Swiss media group
1770:
1693:
3859:Constitution of Romania (2003)
2991:
2936:
2910:
2884:
2777:
2638:can be bypassed, according to
1663:Agentia Telegrafica a Romaniei
1528:provider. Other providers are
964:
851:The public television company
756:In 2007 the media rights body
13:
1:
3884:Independent Journalism Center
3576:. Iași: Institutul European.
2770:
2687:Romanian Intelligence Service
2608:also those advertising them.
2509:
1872:Socialist Republic of Romania
1515:
1501:satellite earth station: 10 (
1189:Radio 3Net – "Florian Pittiş"
1101:
987:Category:Romanian journalists
697:personal computers: 2,450,000
659:Worldwide Press Freedom Index
4339:. Budapest. 13 November 2014
3912:. Mediacentar. 1 August 2008
3669:"Media pluralism in Romania"
2624:could become a target, too.
1818:National Audiovisual Council
1607:provives only data services
1491:International service data:
1483:Romania Telephone Area Codes
1098:is a cult satirical weekly.
905:Audit Bureau of Circulations
7:
4002:European Liberties Platform
3910:"Labor Relations and Media"
3880:"Labor Relations and Media"
3810:Ribeiro, Ana (2017-01-19).
3172:Romania #Telecommunications
2753:
2490:Public Service Broadcasters
2484:European Drinks & Foods
2128:(former owner of Adevărul)
1840:
1786:Concentration and pluralism
1621:
1193:Radio Romania International
1047:(Realitatea-Catavencu) and
971:List of Romanian newspapers
688:television users: 5,822,000
560:Romanian Cultural Institute
10:
5787:
5339:Chief of the General Staff
2868:Romania #Media Legislation
2849:The Europa World Year Book
2789:February 15, 2013, at the
2726:On 10 March 2010 Romanian
2671:was beaten unconscious in
2629:Internet service providers
2585:
2303:is owned by the family of
1774:
1736:Television broadcasts and
1625:
1603:(3G) networks, as long as
1480:
1461:
1411:Television broadcasts and
1354:public service broadcaster
1218:
1145:
984:
974:
968:
787:, so it never became law.
668:
657:ranks Romania 42nd in its
5712:
5618:
5523:
5514:
5387:
5378:
5282:
5273:
5191:
5182:
5087:
5074:
4817:
4724:
4686:
4428:
4287:. Vienna. 20 January 2012
3518:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3487:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3327:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3269:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3170:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3121:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3064:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3041:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
3018:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
2973:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
2866:Alexandru-Brădut Ulmanu,
2502:The national news agency
2307:, former collaborator of
1539:
1457:
1173:Radio România Actualităţi
1043:, published by MediaPro,
832:and the private stations
758:Reporters Without Borders
700:internet users: 4,500,000
655:Reporters Without Borders
5366:Unification with Moldova
5287:Administrative divisions
3628:"Romania – Results 2015"
2784:Press Freedom Index 2013
2738:anti-government protests
2447:, which is now owned by
2414:Prima Broadcasting Group
1991:PubliMedia International
709:other periodicals: 2,036
3967:Lupu, Cristina (2020).
3632:Media Pluralism Monitor
2705:and Marian Garleanu of
2659:Social Democratic Party
2610:European Digital Rights
2516:Constitution of Romania
2469:Social Democratic Party
2426:. In 2012 Burci bought
2418:Cristian Burci founded
2317:Social Democratic Party
2094:Ioan and Viorel Micula
1995:Ce se intampla doctore?
1858:Also, several cases of
1372:with a regional focus,
1215:Television broadcasting
1035:, owned by Intact, and
918:In July 2014, reporter
720:Constitution of Romania
645:Constitution of Romania
5472:Science and technology
4471:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4235:. Vienna. 8 March 2006
3329:Romania #News Agencies
2950:. Vienna. 11 July 2008
2605:
2555:
2480:Centrul Național Media
2475:Centrul Național Media
2424:SBS Broadcasting Group
2133:SBS Broadcasting Group
2098:Centrul Național Media
1728:Regulatory authorities
1547:There were 22.600.000
1388:Two private stations,
1360:, with five channels (
1315:SBS Broadcasting Group
1297:Centrul Național Media
1197:Radio România Regional
1177:Radio România Cultural
885:Centrul Național Media
881:SBS Broadcasting Group
745:was fined for an anti-
685:radio users: 5,369,000
5766:Mass media by country
5761:Mass media in Romania
5256:Territorial evolution
5139:United Principalities
4313:. Vienna. 18 May 2012
3588:Available online as:
3489:Romania #Trade Unions
2924:. Vienna. 8 July 2008
2594:
2520:
2497:2004 general election
2434:(Patriciu had bought
2290:2004 general election
1835:Consiliul Concurenței
1221:Television in Romania
1181:Radio România Muzical
855:and the public radio
769:access to information
732:access to information
724:freedom of expression
714:Legislative framework
649:country in transition
625:mass media in Romania
115:United Principalities
5700:World Heritage Sites
3590:Baya, Adina (2007).
3572:Baya, Adina (2009).
3531:EJC Media Landscapes
3500:EJC Media Landscapes
3340:EJC Media Landscapes
3282:EJC Media Landscapes
3183:EJC Media Landscapes
3077:EJC Media Landscapes
3020:Romania #Print Media
2986:EJC Media Landscapes
2898:. Vienna. 7 May 2013
2879:EJC Media Landscapes
2661:'s regional leaders.
2546:established by law.
2440:newspaper in 2006).
2193:(public television)
2052:Realitatea-Cațavencu
2031:Antena Internațional
1937:PRO.TV Internațional
1750:President of Romania
1279:Realitatea-Catavencu
1269:Pro TV Internaţional
1185:Radio Antena Satelor
1179:(culture and arts),
1015:(WAZ/Dan Adamescu),
991:Romanian journalists
873:Realitatea-Caţavencu
781:Constitutional Court
775:On 25 June 2008 the
706:daily newspapers: 84
678:and other stations.
493:World Heritage Sites
5109:Prehistoric Romania
4687:States with limited
3388:on 26 February 2009
3066:Romania #Television
2588:Internet in Romania
2582:Internet censorship
2398:and magazines like
1898:Media conglomerates
1711:Romanian Press Club
1704:collective contract
1628:Internet in Romania
1358:Televiziunea Română
1167:The public company
1084:Transilvania Expres
912:Televiziunea Română
853:Televiziunea Română
410:and performing arts
85:Prehistoric Romania
5492:Telecommunications
5407:Foreign investment
5226:Historical regions
4365:. February 2, 2017
3785:(24 August 2015).
3525:2016-01-13 at the
3494:2016-01-13 at the
3439:. 24 November 2016
3334:2016-01-13 at the
3276:2016-01-13 at the
3271:Romania #New Media
3177:2016-01-13 at the
3161:, October 10, 2007
3154:2007-10-12 at the
3128:2016-01-13 at the
3101:2007-07-11 at the
3071:2016-01-13 at the
3048:2016-01-13 at the
3025:2016-01-13 at the
2980:2016-01-13 at the
2873:2016-01-13 at the
2833:2016-04-02 at the
2562:A 2008 report on "
2514:Article 30 of the
2341:Sorin Ovidiu Vântu
2313:Conservative Party
2285:European Community
2218:(CME), founded by
2066:Academia Cațavencu
2047:Sorin Ovidiu Vântu
2018:Intact Media Group
1810:dominant positions
1477:Telecommunications
1239:Intact Media Group
1142:Radio broadcasting
1121:. You can help by
1096:Academia Catavencu
1033:Gazeta Sporturilor
981:Romanian magazines
948:TV and radio host
893:digital television
865:Intact Media Group
585:Romania portal
43:Culture of Romania
5748:
5747:
5708:
5707:
5510:
5509:
5374:
5373:
5351:Political parties
5302:Foreign relations
5269:
5268:
5164:Communist Romania
5124:Early Middle Ages
5030:
5029:
4772:
4771:
3583:978-973-611-590-5
2694:telephone tapping
2669:Evenimentul Zilei
2654:Evenimentul Zilei
2407:Evenimentul Zilei
2207:
2206:
2043:Cozmin Horea Gușă
1498:country code: 40;
1464:Cinema of Romania
1291:The Money Channel
1154:BBC World Service
1139:
1138:
1045:Business Standard
1017:Jurnalul Național
1009:Evenimentul zilei
631:outlets based in
621:
620:
498:National Register
140:Communist Romania
100:Early Middle Ages
16:(Redirected from
5778:
5728:
5721:
5600:Social structure
5521:
5520:
5457:
5422:Great Depression
5385:
5384:
5280:
5279:
5189:
5188:
5134:Early Modern Era
5057:
5050:
5043:
5034:
5033:
4811:Media in Romania
4809:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4776:
4775:
4725:Dependencies and
4429:Sovereign states
4417:
4410:
4403:
4394:
4393:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4261:. March 15, 2010
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4022:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3993:
3980:
3979:
3973:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3890:on 16 April 2017
3886:. Archived from
3876:
3870:
3869:
3863:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3818:. Archived from
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3634:. Archived from
3623:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3587:
3569:
3534:
3516:
3503:
3485:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3384:. Archived from
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3349:
3343:
3325:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3291:
3285:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3248:. Archived from
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3198:. Archived from
3192:
3186:
3168:
3162:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3119:
3113:
3092:Ziarul Financiar
3090:
3086:
3080:
3062:
3053:
3039:
3030:
3016:
3003:
2995:
2989:
2971:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2888:
2882:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2838:
2825:
2794:
2781:
2603:
2551:
2428:Adevărul Holding
2335:Realitatea Media
2321:Berlusconization
2228:money laundering
2137:Adevărul Holding
2124:Cristian Burci,
2104:Național 24 Plus
1970:Business Magazin
1964:Ziarul Financiar
1905:
1904:
1738:cable television
1413:cable television
1134:
1131:
1113:
1106:
1041:Ziarul Financiar
934:on his personal
889:Cable television
613:
606:
599:
583:
582:
581:
310:Eastern Orthodox
110:Early Modern Era
54:
45:
29:
28:
21:
18:Media of Romania
5786:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5704:
5614:
5568:Public holidays
5506:
5467:Property bubble
5455:
5370:
5329:Law enforcement
5265:
5246:Protected areas
5178:
5154:Greater Romania
5083:
5070:
5061:
5031:
5026:
4867:Bucharest-Ilfov
4847:Bistrița-Năsăud
4813:
4803:
4773:
4768:
4726:
4720:
4706:Northern Cyprus
4688:
4682:
4603:North Macedonia
4424:
4423:Media of Europe
4421:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4209:on 28 July 2020
4197:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4179:on 28 July 2020
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4149:on 28 July 2020
4137:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4119:on 28 July 2020
4107:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4089:on 28 July 2020
4077:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4060:
4059:on 28 July 2020
4047:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3994:
3983:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3948:on 5 March 2009
3945:
3938:
3934:Mihaela Mihis.
3932:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3825:
3823:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3793:
3783:Greenslade, Roy
3780:
3776:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3748:
3727:
3718:
3716:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3665:
3650:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3611:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3584:
3570:
3537:
3527:Wayback Machine
3517:
3506:
3496:Wayback Machine
3486:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3336:Wayback Machine
3326:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:Wayback Machine
3268:
3264:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:Wayback Machine
3169:
3165:
3156:Wayback Machine
3141:
3140:
3136:
3130:Wayback Machine
3123:Romania #Cinema
3120:
3116:
3103:Wayback Machine
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:Wayback Machine
3063:
3056:
3050:Wayback Machine
3040:
3033:
3027:Wayback Machine
3017:
3006:
2996:
2992:
2982:Wayback Machine
2972:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:Wayback Machine
2865:
2856:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:, Romania, 2014
2835:Wayback Machine
2826:
2797:
2791:Wayback Machine
2782:
2778:
2773:
2756:
2648:
2604:
2601:
2590:
2584:
2569:self-censorship
2564:Labor Relations
2560:
2558:Self-censorship
2552:
2549:
2512:
2381:Ringier Romania
2375:Kanal D Romania
2349:Sebastian Ghiță
2273:Playboy Romania
2161:Michael Ringier
2112:Transilvania TV
2088:Kanal D Romania
2071:Radio Guerrilla
1982:Playboy Romania
1900:
1843:
1824:Competition Law
1800:Audiovisual Law
1797:
1795:Legal framework
1788:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1766:Media ownership
1730:
1696:
1645:
1630:
1624:
1587:(3G) services.
1542:
1518:
1485:
1479:
1469:public company
1466:
1460:
1347:Cartoon Network
1223:
1217:
1150:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1119:needs expansion
1104:
993:
983:
973:
967:
950:Robert Turcescu
922:was fired from
823:
793:
749:comment, and a
716:
671:
617:
579:
577:
570:
569:
555:
554:
545:
544:
540:National anthem
525:
524:
513:
512:
488:
487:
469:
468:
449:
448:
437:
436:
417:Music by region
412:
411:
399:
398:
374:
373:
362:
361:
342:
341:
330:
329:
305:
304:
293:
292:
288:Music festivals
283:
282:
271:
270:
241:
240:
229:
228:
219:Characteristics
214:
213:
198:
197:
183:
182:
157:
156:
155:
154:
130:Greater Romania
66:
65:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5784:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5730:
5729:
5722:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5605:Urban planning
5602:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5487:Stock Exchange
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5361:Prime Minister
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5060:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5037:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4877:Caraș-Severin|
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4727:other entities
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4678:United Kingdom
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Czech Republic
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4382:External links
4380:
4377:
4376:
4350:
4324:
4298:
4272:
4246:
4220:
4190:
4160:
4130:
4100:
4070:
4040:
4014:
3981:
3959:
3923:
3901:
3871:
3848:
3832:
3802:
3774:
3725:
3701:
3677:
3648:
3609:
3582:
3535:
3504:
3475:
3450:
3433:"Prima pagină"
3424:
3399:
3369:
3344:
3311:
3286:
3262:
3237:
3212:
3187:
3163:
3134:
3114:
3081:
3054:
3043:Romania #Radio
3031:
3004:
2990:
2961:
2935:
2909:
2883:
2854:
2839:
2795:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2734:
2724:
2708:România liberă
2697:
2683:
2676:
2665:
2662:
2647:
2644:
2599:
2583:
2580:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2511:
2508:
2323:" in Romania.
2305:Dan Voiculescu
2205:
2204:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2139:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2049:
2039:
2038:
2020:
2015:
2012:Dan Voiculescu
2007:
2006:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1914:Media outlets
1912:
1909:
1899:
1896:
1892:Adrian Năstase
1842:
1839:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1775:Main article:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1729:
1726:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1674:
1667:Agentia Romana
1652:
1644:
1643:Media agencies
1641:
1626:Main article:
1623:
1620:
1541:
1538:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1478:
1475:
1462:Main article:
1459:
1456:
1451:state owned TV
1406:Dan Voiculescu
1392:(owned by the
1327:
1326:
1312:
1294:
1276:
1250:
1219:Main article:
1216:
1213:
1146:Main article:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1116:
1114:
1103:
1100:
1013:România liberă
969:Main article:
966:
963:
954:
953:
946:
943:Dan Voiculescu
939:
822:
819:
792:
789:
743:Traian Basescu
726:and prohibits
715:
712:
711:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
670:
667:
619:
618:
616:
615:
608:
601:
593:
590:
589:
588:
587:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
556:
552:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
537:
532:
526:
520:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
489:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:
456:
450:
444:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
413:
406:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
369:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
354:
349:
343:
337:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
322:
320:Greek Catholic
317:
315:Roman Catholic
312:
306:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
284:
278:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
242:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
215:
205:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
190:
184:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
166:
165:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
81:
80:
69:
68:
67:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
47:
46:
38:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5783:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:National Bank
5460:
5458:
5452:
5448:
5447:petrochemical
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Foreign trade
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5051:
5046:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Faroe Islands
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4711:South Ossetia
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4563:Liechtenstein
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4418:
4413:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4028:
4021:
4019:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3928:
3911:
3905:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3822:on 2017-03-28
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3764:on 2016-03-22
3760:
3753:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3715:
3714:openDemocracy
3711:
3705:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3670:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3638:on 2017-03-28
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3595:
3594:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3252:on 2008-12-16
3251:
3247:
3241:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3202:on 2014-02-01
3201:
3197:
3191:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3142:(in Romanian)
3138:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3089:(in Romanian)
3085:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:Freedom House
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:in Bucharest.
2739:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:Romanian army
2710:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2692:admitted the
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:French group
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:Antenna Group
2446:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2432:Dinu Patriciu
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:Doğan Holding
2364:
2363:
2362:Doğan Holding
2359:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:Maxim Romania
2263:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2244:RCS & RDS
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:Ronald Lauder
2217:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:Dinu Patriciu
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2102:Național TV,
2101:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Doğan Holding
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2061:Realitatea FM
2058:
2057:Realitatea TV
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:(Euforia TV)
2036:
2035:Happy Channel
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:Maxim Romania
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:secret police
1865:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1778:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:also provide
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:United States
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:Realitatea TV
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:), including
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Radio România
1165:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1117:This section
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:, Tribuna in
1061:
1057:
1056:Gazeta de Sud
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
988:
982:
978:
972:
962:
960:
951:
947:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
916:
915:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
821:Media outlets
818:
816:
810:
808:
807:
801:
797:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
770:
765:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
683:
682:
679:
677:
666:
664:
663:Freedom House
661:, from 2013.
660:
656:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
614:
609:
607:
602:
600:
595:
594:
592:
591:
586:
576:
575:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:Organisations
549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
523:
517:
516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
480:
479:
476:
473:
472:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
441:
440:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
409:
403:
402:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
366:
365:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
334:
333:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
303:
297:
296:
289:
286:
285:
281:
275:
274:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
239:
233:
232:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
212:
208:
202:
201:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
181:
175:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
160:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
79:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
64:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
5679:
5633:Architecture
5563:Prostitution
5533:Demographics
5437:construction
5312:Human rights
5292:Constitution
5159:World War II
4810:
4716:Transnistria
4367:. Retrieved
4362:
4353:
4341:. Retrieved
4336:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4310:
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4284:
4275:
4263:. Retrieved
4258:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4232:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4207:the original
4202:
4193:
4181:. Retrieved
4177:the original
4172:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:the original
4142:
4133:
4121:. Retrieved
4117:the original
4112:
4103:
4091:. Retrieved
4087:the original
4082:
4073:
4061:. Retrieved
4057:the original
4052:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4005:. Retrieved
4001:
3975:
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3943:the original
3914:. Retrieved
3904:
3892:. Retrieved
3888:the original
3883:
3874:
3864:– via
3858:
3851:
3841:
3835:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:the original
3815:
3805:
3794:. Retrieved
3791:The Guardian
3790:
3777:
3766:. Retrieved
3759:the original
3717:. Retrieved
3713:
3704:
3693:. Retrieved
3689:
3680:
3640:. Retrieved
3636:the original
3631:
3601:. Retrieved
3592:
3573:
3533:, circa 2010
3530:
3502:, circa 2010
3499:
3466:. Retrieved
3462:
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3436:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3381:
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3356:
3347:
3342:, circa 2010
3339:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:
3289:
3284:, circa 2010
3281:
3265:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:the original
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:the original
3190:
3185:, circa 2010
3182:
3166:
3158:
3137:
3117:
3106:
3084:
3079:, circa 2010
3076:
2998:
2993:
2988:, circa 2010
2985:
2952:. Retrieved
2947:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2921:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2881:, circa 2010
2878:
2848:
2842:
2779:
2706:
2700:
2690:Radu Timofte
2668:
2652:
2636:DNS blocking
2633:
2626:
2606:
2602:Law 124/2015
2595:
2591:
2578:reporters."
2576:
2573:
2561:
2513:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2435:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2339:Businessman
2338:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2301:Intact Group
2299:
2296:Intact Group
2295:
2294:
2282:
2271:
2265:
2248:
2242:was sold to
2232:embezzlement
2213:
2209:
2208:
2185:
2176:
2170:
2151:
2145:
2115:
2064:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1901:
1889:
1885:
1882:Public funds
1881:
1880:
1876:
1857:
1853:mogulisation
1850:
1847:
1844:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:Transparency
1759:
1757:
1754:
1735:
1731:
1715:
1708:
1697:
1694:Trade unions
1666:
1662:
1658:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1546:
1543:
1519:
1511:
1490:
1486:
1467:
1425:
1410:
1387:
1374:TVR Cultural
1351:
1328:
1228:
1224:
1208:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1130:January 2016
1127:
1123:adding to it
1118:
1092:
1076:Viața liberă
1053:
1044:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1007:(MediaPro),
998:
994:
955:
932:Victor Ponta
920:Cristi Citre
909:
850:
824:
811:
804:
802:
798:
794:
785:promulgation
774:
766:
755:
736:
717:
680:
672:
653:
641:subscription
624:
622:
535:Coat of arms
347:Architecture
135:World War II
26:
5548:Immigration
5392:Agriculture
5211:Earthquakes
5149:World War I
5129:Middle Ages
5119:Roman Dacia
4754:Isle of Man
4689:recognition
4663:Switzerland
4598:Netherlands
3463:Amosnews.ro
3382:Agerpres.ro
3299:Mediafax.ro
3225:Standard.ro
2847:"Romania".
2731:Gigi Becali
2721:Afghanistan
2597:in Romania.
2371:Aydın Doğan
2278:MTV România
2255:news agency
2236:Time Warner
2224:tax evasion
2078:Aydın Doğan
1987:MTV România
1925:/Media Pro
1722:ActiveWatch
1534:UPC Romania
1530:RCS&RDS
1471:Romaniafilm
1439:RCS&RDS
1301:Național TV
1094:the scene.
1049:Financiarul
1011:(Ringier),
965:Print media
897:FM stations
767:Freedom of
739:Hate speech
637:advertising
508:Monasteries
125:World War I
105:Middle Ages
95:Roman Dacia
5755:Categories
5690:Philosophy
5675:Literature
5558:Minorities
5543:Healthcare
5456:(currency)
5432:automotive
5346:Parliament
5307:Government
5261:Topography
5174:Since 1989
5169:Revolution
4633:San Marino
4593:Montenegro
4573:Luxembourg
4553:Kazakhstan
4456:Azerbaijan
3866:Wikisource
3826:2017-03-27
3796:2017-03-27
3768:2017-03-27
3719:2022-03-24
3695:2017-03-27
3642:2017-03-27
3603:2017-03-26
3437:Ampress.ro
3256:2009-01-05
3206:2014-01-22
2771:References
2715:action in
2586:See also:
2510:Censorship
2395:Libertatea
2373:. It owns
2353:România TV
2309:Securitate
2262:Publimedia
2172:Libertatea
2108:Favorit TV
2014:(founder)
1941:PRO Cinema
1908:Person(s)
1864:Securitate
1831:efficiency
1681:Realitatea
1597:Digi.Mobil
1573:Digi.Mobil
1522:Romtelecom
1516:Land lines
1481:See also:
1447:UPC-Astral
1404:(owned by
1309:Favorit TV
1265:Pro Cinema
1205:Radio Cluj
1201:Radio Iași
1102:Publishing
1051:(Intact).
1029:Libertatea
985:See also:
975:See also:
762:defamation
728:censorship
629:mass media
627:refers to
459:Television
371:Literature
224:Characters
180:Traditions
150:Since 1989
145:Revolution
5588:Romanians
5553:Languages
5538:Education
5502:Transport
5482:Squatting
5356:President
5324:Judiciary
5297:Elections
5241:Mountains
5184:Geography
4997:Teleorman
4977:Satu Mare
4952:Mehedinți
4947:Maramureș
4932:Hunedoara
4902:Dâmbovița
4892:Constanța
4744:Gibraltar
4568:Lithuania
3468:3 October
3443:3 October
3417:3 October
3412:Newsin.ro
3392:3 October
3362:3 October
3304:3 October
3230:3 October
2673:Timișoara
2465:Europa FM
2461:Lagardère
2455:Lagardère
2214:Bermudan
1999:Descopera
1860:blackmail
1742:frequency
1700:MediaSind
1496:satellite
1417:frequency
1287:Romantica
1183:(music),
1162:Lagardere
869:Media Pro
718:The 2003
485:Monuments
422:Composers
357:Sculptors
280:Festivals
207:Mythology
170:Languages
5735:Category
5665:Folklore
5583:Religion
5578:Refugees
5477:Services
5427:Industry
5417:Forestry
5334:Military
5275:Politics
5206:Counties
5097:Timeline
5068:articles
4937:Ialomița
4927:Harghita
4882:Călărași
4852:Botoșani
4764:Svalbard
4749:Guernsey
4696:Abkhazia
4648:Slovenia
4643:Slovakia
4618:Portugal
4476:Bulgaria
4033:15 April
4007:15 April
3952:15 April
3916:15 April
3894:15 April
3599:(Thesis)
3523:Archived
3492:Archived
3357:Rador.ro
3332:Archived
3274:Archived
3175:Archived
3152:Archived
3126:Archived
3099:Archived
3069:Archived
3046:Archived
3023:Archived
2978:Archived
2871:Archived
2831:Archived
2787:Archived
2754:See also
2614:Facebook
2600:—
2548:—
2504:Agerpres
2437:Adevărul
2420:Prima TV
2328:Antena 1
2258:Mediafax
2210:MediaPro
2147:Adevărul
2142:Prima TV
2027:Antena 3
2023:Antena 1
1949:Mediafax
1945:Sport.ro
1841:Practice
1655:Agerpres
1649:Mediafax
1622:Internet
1589:Vodafone
1565:Vodafone
1561:CDMA2000
1503:Intelsat
1435:Romanian
1423:, CNA).
1402:Antena 1
1378:TVR Info
1319:Prima TV
1273:Sport.ro
1247:Antena 5
1243:Antena 1
1175:(news),
1037:ProSport
1001:Adevărul
938:account.
936:Facebook
926:(of the
901:Tabloids
838:Antena 1
751:Facebook
722:upholds
676:European
384:Examples
352:Painters
302:Religion
261:Desserts
211:folklore
73:Timeline
34:a series
32:Part of
5719:Outline
5648:Cuisine
5628:Academy
5620:Culture
5610:Welfare
5593:Gypsies
5516:Society
5497:Tourism
5402:Exports
5380:Economy
5231:Islands
5201:Climate
5144:Kingdom
5102:ancient
5089:History
5064:Romania
5022:Vrancea
4992:Suceava
4972:Prahova
4917:Giurgiu
4897:Covasna
4673:Ukraine
4623:Romania
4583:Moldova
4541:Ireland
4536:Iceland
4531:Hungary
4521:Germany
4516:Georgia
4506:Finland
4501:Estonia
4496:Denmark
4481:Croatia
4466:Belgium
4461:Belarus
4451:Austria
4446:Armenia
4441:Andorra
4436:Albania
3145:Hotnews
3109:Balkans
2760:Romania
2680:Focșani
2618:YouTube
2445:Kiss TV
2401:Capital
2387:Ringier
2345:Cypriot
2203:, etc.
2178:Capital
2166:Ringier
2117:Crișana
2005:, etc.
1953:InfoPro
1870:of the
1659:Rompres
1609:Cosmote
1577:Cosmote
1427:Romania
1396:-based
1394:Bermuda
1352:The TV
1339:Cinemax
1323:Kiss TV
1060:Craiova
1025:Can Can
928:RCS-RDS
924:Digi TV
877:Ringier
861:ROMPRES
826:Romania
669:History
633:Romania
565:Museums
522:Symbols
503:Castles
427:Theatre
394:Writers
379:History
256:Cheeses
238:Cuisine
120:Kingdom
78:ancient
63:History
5740:Portal
5670:Humour
5643:Cinema
5573:Racism
5442:mining
5397:Energy
5251:Rivers
5196:Cities
5079:Topics
5066:
5017:Vâlcea
5012:Vaslui
5007:Tulcea
4912:Galați
4862:Brăila
4857:Brașov
4759:Jersey
4701:Kosovo
4668:Turkey
4658:Sweden
4638:Serbia
4628:Russia
4613:Poland
4608:Norway
4588:Monaco
4558:Latvia
4526:Greece
4511:France
4486:Cyprus
4291:12 May
4029:. EDRi
3861:
3580:
2954:12 May
2928:12 May
2902:12 May
2634:While
2622:Google
2240:Pro FM
2153:Click!
2131:Prima/
1958:Gândul
1929:Pro TV
1911:Group
1866:, the
1677:NewsIn
1593:Orange
1569:Orange
1540:Mobile
1458:Cinema
1445:based
1437:based
1431:Europe
1400:) and
1390:Pro TV
1317:(with
1299:(with
1281:(with
1257:Pro TV
1255:(with
1241:(with
1088:Brasov
1080:Galați
1068:Ziarul
1005:Gândul
834:Pro TV
777:Senate
464:Cinema
432:Actors
266:Drinks
251:Salads
246:Dishes
193:Humour
163:People
36:on the
5726:Index
5695:Sport
5685:Music
5680:Media
5528:Crime
5236:Lakes
5221:Flora
5216:Fauna
5114:Dacia
5002:Timiș
4987:Sibiu
4982:Sălaj
4962:Neamț
4957:Mureș
4872:Buzău
4842:Bihor
4837:Bacău
4832:Argeș
4734:Åland
4653:Spain
4578:Malta
4548:Italy
4369:9 May
4343:9 May
4317:9 May
4265:9 May
4239:9 May
4213:9 May
4183:9 May
4153:9 May
4123:9 May
4093:9 May
4063:9 May
3972:(PDF)
3946:(PDF)
3939:(PDF)
3762:(PDF)
3755:(PDF)
3672:(PDF)
3597:(PDF)
2640:ICANN
2430:from
2251:ProTV
2003:Go4it
1933:Acasă
1665:, or
1370:TVR 3
1366:TVR 2
1362:TVR 1
1261:Acasă
1232:niche
1209:Rador
1064:Sibiu
1021:Click
846:TVR 2
475:Sport
454:Radio
446:Media
408:Music
389:Poets
325:Islam
188:Dress
90:Dacia
5660:Flag
5653:Wine
5454:Leu
5317:LGBT
4942:Iași
4922:Gorj
4907:Dolj
4887:Cluj
4827:Arad
4822:Alba
4371:2017
4345:2017
4337:OSCE
4319:2017
4293:2017
4285:OSCE
4267:2017
4241:2017
4233:OSCE
4215:2017
4185:2017
4155:2017
4125:2017
4095:2017
4065:2017
4035:2017
4009:2017
3954:2017
3918:2017
3896:2017
3578:ISBN
3470:2017
3445:2017
3419:2017
3394:2017
3364:2017
3306:2017
3232:2017
2956:2017
2948:OSCE
2930:2017
2922:OSCE
2904:2017
2896:OSCE
2719:and
2717:Iraq
2702:Ziua
2542:law.
2283:The
2276:and
2238:and
2230:and
2201:TVR2
2197:TVR1
1816:The
1709:The
1616:UMTS
1613:Zapp
1605:Zapp
1601:UMTS
1585:UMTS
1581:Zapp
1579:and
1557:UMTS
1532:and
1526:POTS
1441:and
1382:TVRi
1376:and
1321:and
1307:and
1289:and
1271:and
1203:and
1082:and
1072:Iași
989:and
979:and
836:and
747:Roma
623:The
530:Flag
209:and
5638:Art
4967:Olt
4363:RSF
4311:OCE
4259:RSF
4203:RSF
4173:RSF
4143:RSF
4113:RSF
4083:RSF
4053:RSF
2620:or
2191:TVR
1874:.
1553:GSM
1549:SIM
1505:4);
1380:).
1356:is
1343:AXN
1335:MTV
1331:HBO
1305:N24
1125:.
1086:in
1078:in
1070:in
1058:in
1027:or
842:TVR
830:TVR
339:Art
5757::
4361:.
4335:.
4309:.
4283:.
4257:.
4231:.
4201:.
4171:.
4141:.
4111:.
4081:.
4051:.
4017:^
4000:.
3984:^
3974:.
3926:^
3882:.
3814:.
3789:.
3728:^
3712:.
3688:.
3651:^
3630:.
3612:^
3538:^
3529:,
3507:^
3498:,
3478:^
3461:.
3435:.
3410:.
3380:.
3355:.
3338:,
3314:^
3297:.
3280:,
3223:.
3181:,
3147:,
3094:,
3075:,
3057:^
3034:^
3007:^
2984:,
2964:^
2946:.
2920:.
2894:.
2877:,
2857:^
2798:^
2616:,
2571:.
2499:.
2471:.
2451:.
2410:.
2377:.
2355:.
2292:.
2280:.
2270:,
2246:.
2226:,
2199:,
2175:,
2150:,
2144:,
2114:,
2110:,
2106:,
2069:,
2063:,
2059:,
2033:,
2029:,
2025:,
2001:,
1997:,
1993:,
1989:,
1985:,
1979:,
1973:,
1967:,
1961:,
1955:,
1951:,
1947:,
1943:,
1939:,
1935:,
1931:,
1740:,
1595:,
1591:,
1575:,
1571:,
1567:,
1536:.
1415:,
1368:,
1364:,
1345:,
1341:,
1337:,
1333:,
1325:).
1303:,
1285:,
1267:,
1263:,
1259:,
1249:),
1074:,
1066:,
1003:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
871:,
867:,
817:.
639:,
5056:e
5049:t
5042:v
4798:e
4791:t
4784:v
4416:e
4409:t
4402:v
4373:.
4347:.
4321:.
4295:.
4269:.
4243:.
4217:.
4187:.
4157:.
4127:.
4097:.
4067:.
4037:.
4011:.
3978:.
3956:.
3920:.
3898:.
3868:.
3829:.
3799:.
3771:.
3722:.
3698:.
3645:.
3606:.
3586:.
3472:.
3447:.
3421:.
3396:.
3366:.
3308:.
3259:.
3234:.
3209:.
3112:)
3105:(
2958:.
2932:.
2906:.
2723:.
2675:.
2135:/
1673:.
1311:)
1293:)
1275:)
1245:-
1132:)
1128:(
945:.
612:e
605:t
598:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.