221:
Paris, were to act as judges delegate of the pope and examine the case of Philip and
Ingeborg; they were to induce the king to take back the queen. If they were to fail, then on the second Sunday after Easter, 5 May 1196, Cardinal Melior, on the mandate of the pope, was to assemble a council of the archbishops of Reims, Sens, and Tours, and the bishop of Bourges and their suffragans, along with the papal notary, were to induce the king to take back his wife. At some point after August, Ingeborg wrote to the pope, complaining that the cardinals, the legates, the archbishops, and the bishops had failed.
139:
designated during the pontificate of
Celestine III legate to France, a position he held from 1193 to 1197;" and Ganzer is sure that Melior later gave up the bishopric. Inspection of the original parchment, however, indicates that there is a space after the word "Cardinalis" and before the word "Massanae", leaving room for the name or initial of Martinus. Melior was not bishop of Massa Maritima at any time.
205:, pronounced the marriage uncanonical and dissolved. Ingeborg fled to a convent in Soissons and appealed the case to the pope. Pope Celestine was sufficiently disturbed that he quashed the divorce judgment, "contra ordinem juris prolatam," and sent his notary, the subdeacon Centius, as his legate, with letters for the king. He was annoyed at the reception of both his legate and his letters by the king.
201:. Philip was dissatisfied within a day, and sought an immediate annulment, claiming he had been bewitched by sorcery. He ordered an assembly of the notables of his kingdom at Compiègne on 4 November 1193, at which he presented a genealogy which claimed to show that Philip was related to Ingeborg within the prohibited degrees of kinship. The archbishop of Reims, the king's uncle,
456:, § 3: "nel 1191 divenne vescovo di Massa Marittima, per essere poi designato durante il pontificato di Celestino III legato a latere per la Francia, carica che rivestì dal 1193 al 1197." There is no evidence of a resignation (and becoming a legate does not require a resignation); being a bishop would be a positive status for a legate.
209:
and the abbot of Cîteux. If there was any disagreement between the contracting parties, the
Cardinal Legate Magister Melior would inquire into the truth of things, and if the offender did not correct his violation, the legate would pronounce the sentence of excommunication and lay the territory under the interdict.
182:, whose designs on Apulia and Sicily were about to lead to a war of conquest. They remained in Rome for half the year before daring to resume their journey to France. Pope Celestine placed them in the care of Cardinal Melior, his legate, who accompanied them to Pisa, Genoa, Marseille, and finally Poitiers.
70:, who was at Verona, expecting to receive assistance for Tusculum and against the Romans. Some of the cardinals followed Pope Lucius to Verona; others, however, whose followers had perpetrated the outrages at Tusculum and in the Roman campagna, remained in the city. Far from obtaining aid from the emperor
138:
creates a problem. There already was a bishop of Massa
Marittima, Bishop Martinus; he is attested in a document of 28 November 1189 and in a document of 17 November 1196. There is no room for Melior. Monaco glides over the problem by writing carefully, "He became bishop of Massa Marittima, only to be
212:
In 1195, Andreas, the chancellor of the king of
Denmark, led an embassy to Rome to fully brief Pope Celestine on the Ingeborg case. On his return journey, he was entrusted by the pope with letters for Cardinal Melior. When they arrived at Dijon, however, they were imprisoned by agents of the duke of
208:
On 23 July 1194, the
Constable of France, Drogo de Merloto; Anselm, the Dean of S. Martin in Tours; and Ursio, the royal French Chamberlain; announced the agreement of yet another truce between the perpetually warring houses of Plantagenet and Capet. It was achieved through the pleas of the cardinal
97:
On 11 November 1185, two weeks before the pope's death, eighteen cardinals, including Melior, subscribed a bull in Verona in favor of the monastery of S. Peter
Lobiensis. Lucius died in Verona on 25 November 1185, and the election of his successor took place immediately after the funeral on the same
286:
Tomus CCXI (Paris 1855), p. 379. The editor remarks, note 36: "Forsan non aberrabo si hunc
Meliorem archidiaconum, eum esse dixerim qui postea S. R. E. cardinalis creatus est, ad quem epist. 113, cum praesertim addat in proximo melioris fortunae futurum, subintelligens cardinalitiam dignitatem, ad
185:
At some point during his legateship, Cardinal Melior was approached by the archbishop of Reims, the king's uncle, in the hope of settling the centuries' old dispute between the bishop of Dol and the archbishop of Tours over the claim of Dol to metropolitan status over the dioceses of
Brittany. The
106:. On 16 December 1185, Cardinal Melior subscribed a bull in Verona for Pope Urban. Shortly after 22 September 1187, Urban and the cardinals escaped from Verona, and by 3 October had found refuge in Ferrara. Cardinal Melior subscribed a bull in Ferrara on 13 October. There Urban died on 20 October.
30:
of the Roman
Catholic Church. He was a native of Pisa. He served as papal legate in France for more than three years, trying to arrange a peace between Richard I and Philip II. He became a major negotiator, on the mandate of Pope Celestine III, in the divorce case between King Philip II of France
220:
In a later letter, written by the chancellor Andreas to Archbishop Absalon of Lund in 1196, he recapitulates his troubles of the previous year, and adds that, on 7 April 1196, the archbishop of Sens, the bishop of Arras, the abbots of Cîteux and of Clairvaux, and Magister Petrus the precentor of
102:, which was brief and unanimous. The successful candidate, was Humbertus Crivelli, the Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, "a violent and unyielding spirit, and a strong opponent of Frederick (Barbarossa)," in the words of Ferdinand Gregorovius. He took the name
322:
Scriptorum Tomus VI (Hannover: Hahn 1844), p. 534" "Lucius papa in capite ieiunii, id est feria 4 cinerum, ordinavit plures cardinales, inter quos Magistrum Meliorem presbiterum cardinalem, quem etiam fecit camerarium suum.. Ciaconius-Olduin I, p. 1118, also consider the date
186:
king and his principal subjects, the archbishop said, were bitter and likely to resort to violence over what they regarded as an insult to the dignity of Tours and the entire kingdom. Melior's response is not recorded. The matter was finally settled by
604:"...intuitu Dei, ad preces cardinalis et abbatis Cisterciensis....," in: Roger of Hoveden, "Chronica", pp. 257, 259. Stubbs identifies the cardinal as Melior, cardinal priest of S. John and S. Paul, and the abbot of Cîteux as Guy Paré.
217:. They were released by intervention of the abbot of Cîteux, and taken to Clairvaux, where they were to await the pleasure of the king of France. In the meantime they were able to send on the pope's letters to the legate.
613:"...ab Illustri Rege Danorum Romam transmissi, ejusdem Regis domini nostri negotium auribis summi Pontificis diligenter intulimus.... Est autem domini Regis negotium inter Regem et Reginam celebratum divortium."
113:, a friend of the emperor, brokered an agreement which might lead to a papal return to Rome, but Gregory VIII reigned for less than two months, having only been able to move from Ferrara to Pisa.
240:
Melior subscribed a papal bull, along with the datary Cardinal Cencius, at the Lateran on 9 February 1197. This is his last known act. He died before 11 June 1197.
713:
Die Entwicklung des auswartigen Kardinalats im Hohen Mittelalter: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalkollegiums von 11. bis 13. Jahrhunderts.
763:
740:
801:
178:, his sister, stopped in Rome on their way back from Cyprus and the Third Crusade. They hoped to avoid the attentions of the
194:
784:
Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae: ab aequalibus conscriptae
175:
91:
465:
Ganzer, p. 149: "Auf jeden Fall aber gab Melior das Bistum wieder auf." There is no evidence for such a claim.
771:
669:
Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschafter zu Göttingen, philologisch-historische Klasse
453:
266:
570:
Celestine had received an accurate genealogy from King Canute, perhaps in August 1194. Davidsohn, pp. 53-54.
202:
179:
127:
224:
In June 1196, King Philip compounded his sins, crimes and errors by attempting another marriage, with
806:
229:
214:
418:
Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Legum sectio IV. Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum ac regum
47:
287:
quam vocabatur, ut valde est probabile." This would apparently date the letter just before 1184.
27:
639:
623:
580:
416:
167:
126:
On 1 March 1191, at Pisa, Cardinal Melior witnessed a charter of the new Holy Roman Emperor,
811:
198:
171:
74:, they fell into quarreling, and the papal court became prisoner of the emperor in Verona.
71:
67:
8:
99:
757:
734:
155:
51:
727:
Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII
685:
Papsturkunden in Spanien. Vorarbeiten zur Hispania (Iberia) Pontificia. III. Kastilien
707:(in Latin). Vol. I (2nd ed.). Roma: P. et A. De Rubeis. pp. 1118–1119.
187:
579:
He is identified as the Prior of S. Prassede: Davidsohn, p. 58. M.J.J. Brial (ed.),
256:
Kartusch, p. 41. Ganzer, p. 148. Early authors report that he was French, "Gallus".
225:
722:
782:
702:
475:
83:
63:
300:
Vol. IV, part 2. (London: George Bell 1896), pp. 609-611. Jaffé II, pp. 465-466.
87:
23:
39:
Melior was a monk, belonging to the Vallombrosian branch of the Benedictines.
795:
110:
674:(Berlin: Weidmann 1899), p. 282, no. 24. Migne (ed.), Tomus CCVI, p. 1141.
122:
Ego Melior presbiter cardinalis sanctorum iohannis et pauli tit. pamachii.
54:, abbot of S. Geneviève in Paris (1176–1192), to the archbishop of Reims.
480:
Tom 2 (Stuttgart: Hiersemann 1970), p. 473, citing: Gisela LĂĽpke (1962),
117:
50:, based on a single reference to a Melior the archdeacon in a letter of
62:
Driven out of Rome by the Roman commune, due to the war over Tusculum,
120:
was about to return to Rome, on 13 January 1188, he subscribed a bull
103:
384:
Jaffé II, p. 527, no. 16010. J.P. Migne (ed.), Tomus CCII, p. 1532.
318:
Ganzer, p. 148, note 4. Robert de Monte, "Cronica", at 1184, in:
701:
Ciaconius (ChacĂłn), Alphonsus (1677). Agustinus Olduinus (ed.).
704:
Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium
649:, edito novissima, Tomus XXII (Venice: A. Zatta 1778), p. 672.
683:
Daniel Berger, Klaus Herbers &Thorsten Schlauwitz (ed.):
193:
In the same summer, on 14 August 1193, King Philip married
116:
When he was in Pisa with the papal court, as the new pope,
86:
at Verona, on Ash Wednesday in 1184. He granted Melior the
371:
Jaffé II, p. 494, nos. 15486 and 15487. J.P. Migne (ed.),
269:, speculates that the degree might have been in canon law.
484:(Wien: Institut für österreichische Geschichtsforschung).
158:
at the Lateran; likewise on 15 May, 3 June, and 10 June.
151:
in a document signed at the Lateran on 27 December 1191.
687:, De Gruyter Akademie Forschung 2020, p. 521-525 no. 287
519:
Roger of Hoveden, "Chronica", in: William Stubbs (ed.),
362:
Vol. IV, part 2 (London: George Bell 1896), pp. 610-612.
787:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus II. Leipzig: G. Engelmann.
435:
Vol. III (Venice: Coleti 1718), p. 712. Cappelletti,
523:
Vol. III (London: Longman and TrĂĽbner 1870), p. 228.
149:
Ego Melior SS. Joannis et Pauli presbyter cardinalis
477:
Herrschaftsformen der FrĂĽhstaufer in Reichsitalien,
349:, Volume 10 (London: Kegan Paul 1914), pp. 286-289.
98:day. Cardinal Melior certainly participated in the
700:
641:Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France,
625:Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France,
582:Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France,
647:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio
510:Tomus CCVI (Paris 1855), p. 994, 998, 1103, 1106.
793:
750:Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181–1227
347:The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages
547:Philipp II. August von Frankreich und Ingeborg
132:magister Melior Cardinalis Massanae episcopus
130:, for the benefit of Pisa. He signed himself
26:(died c. 1197) was a Benedictine monk, and a
629:(Paris: Imprimerie royal 1833), pp. 317-318.
406:III (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer 1886), p. 346.
154:On 23 April 1193, he subscribed a bull for
134:, a unique formula. However, the signature
762:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
739:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
780:
46:. It is stated that he was archdeacon of
747:
393:Jaffé, pp. 527-528. Gregorovius, p. 614.
375:Tomus CCII (Paris 1855), pp. 1337, 1341.
586:(Paris: Imprimerie royal 1833), p. 319.
482:Die Aeugen in den Urkunden Heinrichs VI
443:(Ratisbon: Manz 1873), p. 756 column 1.
441:Series episcoporum ecclesiae catholicae
422:(Hannover: Hahn 1893), p. 477, no. 333.
203:Cardinal Guillaume "aux blanches mains"
794:
360:The History of Rome in the Middle Ages
298:The History of Rome in the Middle Ages
721:
667:P. Kehr, "Papsturkunden in Friaul.,"
775:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
552:(Stuttgart: Kröner 1888), pp. 32-34.
534:Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus
508:Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus
495:Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus
373:Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus
284:Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus
638:Davidsohn, pp. 62-63. Brial (ed.),
521:Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houdene
341:Ralph of Diceto, in: J. Watterich,
13:
770:Monaco, Francesca Roversi (2010).
729:(in Latin). Vol. II. Leipzig.
42:He enjoyed the academic status of
14:
823:
645:, pp. 319-320. J.D. Mansi (ed.),
439:Vol. XVII, pp. 694-695. P. Gams,
404:Acta pontificum Romanorum inedita
94:, and named him his chamberlain.
497:Tomus CCVI (Paris 1855), p. 906.
66:(1181–1185) fled to the Emperor
677:
661:
652:
632:
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539:
526:
513:
500:
487:
468:
459:
446:
425:
409:
396:
387:
378:
365:
345:, p. 663. Horace Kinder Mann,
296:Ferdinand Gregorovius, (1896),
282:LXXXIII, in: J.P, Migne (ed.),
82:Melior was named a cardinal by
31:and Queen Ingeborg of Denmark.
802:12th-century Italian cardinals
352:
335:
326:
312:
303:
290:
272:
259:
250:
1:
343:Pontificum Romanorum... Vitae
320:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
243:
34:
781:Watterich, J. B. M. (1862).
595:Jaffé II, p. 614, no. 17241.
431:Ganzer, p. 148. F. Ughelli,
190:in 1199, in favor of Tours.
147:Cardinal Melior subscribed,
7:
748:Kartusch, Elfriede (1948).
77:
10:
828:
777:Volume 74 (Treccani 2010).
694:
474:Alfred Haverkamp (1970),
235:
230:Berthold, Duke of Merania
161:
57:
402:J. von Pflugk-Harttung,
180:German Emperor, Henry VI
170:of England, the wife of
142:
711:Ganzer, Klaus (1963).
176:Queen Joanna of Sicily
100:election of a new pope
658:Davidsohn, pp. 63-64.
561:Davidsohn, pp. 39-46.
622:M.J.J. Brial (ed.),
309:Gregorovius, p. 611.
278:Stephen of Tournai,
92:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
72:Frederick Barbarossa
68:Frederick Barbarossa
536:Tomus CCXI, p. 399.
195:Ingeborg of Denmark
752:(in German). Wien.
545:Robert Davidsohn,
506:J.P. Migne (ed.),
493:J.P. Migne (ed.),
437:Le chiese d'Italia
156:Pope Celestine III
136:Massanae episcopus
52:Stephen of Tournai
415:Ganzer, p. 148.
188:Pope Innocent III
819:
807:Cardinal-priests
788:
767:
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263:
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226:Agnes of Merania
197:, the sister of
168:Queen Berengaria
111:Alberto di Morra
16:Benedictine monk
827:
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109:His successor,
84:Pope Lucius III
80:
64:Pope Lucius III
60:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
825:
815:
814:
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723:Jaffé, Philipp
719:
718:TĂĽbingen 1963.
709:
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351:
334:
332:Jaffé, #15471.
325:
311:
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258:
248:
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245:
242:
237:
234:
228:, daughter of
199:King Canute VI
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141:
88:titular church
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59:
56:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
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2:
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25:
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43:
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24:O.S.B. Vall.
19:
18:
812:1197 deaths
772:"Migliore."
716:(in German)
672:(in German)
550:(in German)
454:"Migliore."
267:"Migliore."
118:Clement III
796:Categories
244:References
213:Burgundy,
35:Early life
758:cite book
735:cite book
643:Volume 19
627:Volume 19
584:Volume 19
280:Epistolae
215:Eudes III
172:Richard I
166:In 1193,
104:Urban III
725:(1888).
452:Monaco,
265:Monaco,
128:Henry VI
78:Cardinal
44:Magister
28:cardinal
695:Sources
532:Migne,
420:Tomus I
174:, and
162:France
58:Verona
20:Melior
323:1185.
764:link
741:link
236:Rome
143:Rome
48:Laon
90:of
798::
760:}}
756:{{
737:}}
733:{{
232:.
22:,
766:)
743:)
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