2522:, Viviane (Niviene) is introduced as a young teenage princess. She is about to depart from Arthur's court following her initial episode but, with some encouragement from Merlin, Arthur asks her to stay in his castle with the queen. During her stay, Merlin falls in love with her and desires her. Viviane, frightened that Merlin might take advantage of her with his spells, swears that she will never love him unless he swears to teach her all of his magic. Merlin consents, unaware that throughout the course of her lessons, Viviane will use Merlin's own powers against him, forcing him to do her bidding. When Viviane finally goes back to her country, Merlin escorts her. However, along the way, Merlin receives a vision that Arthur is in need of assistance. Viviane and Merlin rush back to Arthur's castle, but have to stop for the night in a stone chamber once inhabited by two lovers (a king's son Anasteu and a peasant woman in their forbidden affair). Merlin relates that when the lovers died, they were placed in a magic tomb within a room in the chamber. That night, while Merlin is asleep, Viviane, still disgusted with Merlin's desire for her, as well as his demonic heritage, casts a spell over him and places him in the magic tomb so that he can never escape, thus causing his slow death.
1943:
1320:
2447:(here Arthur's contemporary) and tells the emperor that only the wild man of the woods can interpret the dream that has been troubling him. Later, he returns in the form of a black, shaggy man, barefoot, with a torn coat. In another episode, he decides to do something that will be spoken of forever. Going into the forest of Brocéliande, he transforms himself into a herdsman carrying a club and wearing a wolf-skin and leggings. He is large, bent, black, lean, hairy and old, and his ears hang down to his waist. His head is as big as a buffalo's, his hair is down to his waist, he has a hump on his back, his feet and hands are backwards, he is hideous, and is over 18 feet tall. By his arts, he calls a herd of deer to come and graze around him.
1178:
773:
1418:, while either removing or altering many other episodes. Merlin's magical interventions in the Post-Vulgate versions of his story are relatively limited and markedly less spectacular, even compared to the magical feats of his own students, and his character becomes less moral. In addition, Merlin's prophecies also include sets of alternative possibilities (meaning future can be changed) instead of only certain outcomes. The Post-Vulgate Cycle has Merlin warn Arthur of how the birth of his other son will bring great misfortune and ruin to his kingdom, which then becomes a
1782:
939:
2092:
appeal, but also from significant, often irresolvable tensions or polarities between beast and human (Wild Man), natural and supernatural (Wonder Child), physical and metaphysical (Poet), secular and sacred (Prophet), active and passive (Counselor), magic and science (Wizard), and male and female (Lover). Interwoven with these primary tensions are additional polarities that apply to all of Merlin's roles, such as those between madness and sanity, pagan and
Christian, demonic and heavenly, mortality and immortality, and impotency and potency.
797:
73:
2487:, Merlin (Merlino) first appears as a knight to foretell the death of Meliodas' wife Eliabella, who will search for her husband without success while pregnant with Tristan. He then gathers and leads a group of the knights of the realm Leonis to the Wise Damsel's magically hidden and otherwise unnaccessible tower or castle deep in the wilderness of the forest Dirlantes (the same Darnantes that Merlin sometimes meets his end) so they can kill her, which Merlin explicitly orders them to do, and free Meliodas. Years later,
1800:
1256:(the story's narrator and perhaps Merlin's divine twin in a hypothetical now-lost oral tradition) is contacted by the child's mother; Blaise immediately baptizes the boy at birth, thus freeing him from the power of Satan and his intended destiny. The demonic legacy invests Merlin (already able to speak fluently even as a newborn) with a preternatural knowledge of the past and present, which is supplemented by God, who gives the boy prophetic knowledge of the future. The text lays great emphasis on Merlin's power to
2097:
1300:
1077:
1720:
1150:
923:(City of Emrys). More than once, the tower collapsed before completion. Vortigen's wise men advised him that the only solution was to sprinkle the foundation with the blood of a child born without a father. Ambrosius was rumoured to be such a child. When he was brought before the king, Ambrosius revealed that below the foundation of the tower was a lake containing two dragons battling into each other, representing the struggle between the invading
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7987:
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1480:
1535:(c. 1276) contains long prophecies of Merlin (mostly concerned with 11th to 13th-century Italian history and contemporary politics), some by his ghost after his death, interspersed with episodes relating Merlin's deeds and with assorted Arthurian adventures in which Merlin does not appear at all. It pictures Merlin as a righteous seer chastising people for their sins, as does the 13th-14th Italian story collection
6774:
310:. Merlin matures to an ascendant sagehood and engineers the birth of Arthur through magic and intrigue. Later stories have Merlin as an advisor and mentor to the young king until he disappears from the tale, leaving behind a series of prophecies foretelling events to come. A popular version from the French prose cycles tells of Merlin being bewitched and forever sealed up or killed by his student, the
2204:
1226:. The work presents itself as the story of Merlin's life as told by Merlin himself to be written down by the "real" author while the actual author claimed merely to translate the story into French. Only a few lines of what is believed to be the original text have survived, but a more popular prose version had a great influence on the emerging genre of Arthurian-themed
2543:), does describe what happened next. Merlin informs Bagdemagus that only Tristan could have opened the iron door sealing the cave in which Merlin is trapped in, but Tristan is by that time still just a baby. Merlin than gives the story's eponymous great cry in a demonic voice, calling for his father to come and take him, and dies amidst a terrific supernatural event.
323:
2353:, the Old Breton word for wolf, may have originally been a wolf-man double figure of Merlin in pagan-influenced tales before he was thoroughly Christianized and turned into Merlin's scribe and confidant. This association would explain Merlin's animal-like appearance at birth and the name Lailoken, 'the twin'.
517:, 'the maritime' or 'born of the sea'. There is no obvious connection between Merlin and the sea in the texts about him, but Claude Sterckx has suggested that Merlin's father in the Welsh texts, Morfryn, might have been a sea spirit. Philippe Walter connected it with the figure of the insular Celtic sea god
2083:(attributing positive values to one's links to forest and wild animals), thus "dechristianizing" Merlin to present him as a champion for the idea of return to nature. Diverging from his traditional role in medieval romances, Merlin is also sometimes portrayed as a villain. As Peter H. Goodrich wrote in
2401:
In one example of Merlin's interventions, the
Vulgate version has him conjure a magical mist that causes the forces of Arthur's enemy King Amant to clash with the Saxon army at Carmelide. On another occasion, Merlin comes to aid Arthur a dragon banner that comes to life and throws fire and flames out
1096:
makes a similar argument based on the fact that early references to Merlin describe him as possessing characteristics which modern scholarship would recognize as druidical (but that sources of the time would not have recognized), the inference being that those characteristics were not invented by the
1007:
Merlin is born all hairy and already able to speak like an adult, as well as possessing supernatural knowledge that he uses to save his mother. The story of
Vortigern's tower is the same; the underground dragons, one white and one red, represent the Saxons and the Britons, and their final battle is a
2091:
Merlin's primary characteristics continue to be recalled, refined, and expanded today, continually encompassing new ideas and technologies as well as old ones. The ability of this complex figure to endure for more than fourteen centuries results not only from his manifold roles and their imaginative
2297:
Peter H. Goodrich wrote, "According to authorial and cultural interests, assumes seven primary roles: Wild Man, Wonder Child, Prophet, Poet, Counselor, Wizard, and Lover. Most literature about the mage is selective, emphasizing and elaborating on one or more of these features and de-emphasizing or
2066:
to the present day, especially since the renewed interest in the legend of Arthur in modern times. As noted by
Arthurian scholar Alan Lupack, "numerous novels, poems and plays center around Merlin. In American literature and popular culture, Merlin is perhaps the most frequently portrayed Arthurian
1746:
archetype. Contrary to many modern works in which they are archenemies, Merlin and Morgan are never opposed to each other in any medieval tradition, other than Morgan forcibly rejecting him in some texts. In fact, his love for Morgan is so great that he even lies to the king to save her in the Huth
1506:
and an advisor to the young Arthur, sometimes in the struggle between good and evil sides of his character, and living in deep forests connected with nature. Through his ability to change his shape, he may appear as a "wild man" figure, evoking his prototype
Myrddin Wyllt, as a civilized man of any
1848:
However, Merlin's fate of either demise or eternal imprisonment, along with his destroyer or captor's motivation (from her fear of Merlin and protecting her own virginity, to her jealousy of his relationship with Morgan), is recounted differently in variants of this motif. The exact form of his
1835:
cycle, after having been inserted into the legend of Merlin by either de Boron or his continuator. There are many different versions of their story. Common themes in most of them include Merlin actually having the prior prophetic knowledge of her plot against him (one exception is the
Spanish
1291:, the mage both predicts and, wielding elemental magic, influences the course of battles, in addition to helping the young Arthur in other ways. Eventually, he arranges the reconciliation between Arthur and his rivals, and the surrender of the defeated Saxons and their departure from Britain.
2366:
by a follower of Uther disguised as an ugly man and tending a great herd of beasts. He then appears first as a handsome man and then as a beautiful boy. Years later, he approaches Arthur disguised as a peasant wearing leather boots, a wool coat, a hood, and a belt of knotted sheepskin. He is
1939:, this particular variant of their story also mirrors episodes found in some other texts, wherein Merlin either is an object of one-sided desire by a different amorous sorceress who too (unsuccessfully) plots to trap him or it is Merlin himself who traps an unwilling lover with his magic.
1114:(in the "A-text", written c. 1100), as well as a later copy (the "C-text", written towards the end of the 13th century) do not mention Myrddin. Myrddin furthermore shares similarities with the shamanic bard figure of Taliesin, alongside whom he appears in the Welsh Triads and in
2071:, Merlin embodies a conflict between knowledge and power: beginning as a symbol of wisdom in the first Welsh stories, he became an advisor to kings in the Middle Ages, and eventually a mentor and teacher to Arthur and others in the works around the world since the 19th century.
540:(and his disciple Saint Hilaire) in hagiography and folklore are similar to these of Merlin. If a relationship between the two figures does exist, however, it may rather be a reverse one in which the Merlin tradition inspired the later accounts of the saint's miracles and life.
2852:
1920:, his tomb is unsuccessfully searched for by various parties, including Morgan and her enchantresses, but the tomb cannot be accessed due to the deadly magic traps around it, while the Lady of the Lake comes to taunt Merlin, asking if he has rotted yet.
872:("Prophecies of Merlin", c. 1130), which he claimed were the actual words of the legendary poet (including some distinctively apocalyptic prophecies for Geoffrey's contemporary 12th century); however, the work reveals little about Merlin's background.
2078:
movements instead see Merlin as a druid who accesses all the mysteries of the world. Francophone artistic productions since the end of the 20th century have tended to avoid the
Christian aspects of the character in favor of the pagan aspects and the
1931:, where Niniane peacefully confines him in Brocéliande with walls of air, visible only as a mist to others but as a beautiful yet unbreakable crystal tower to him (only Merlin's disembodied voice can escape his prison one last time when he speaks to
1379:), Merlin "possessed all the wisdom that can come from demons, which is why he was so feared by the Bretons and so revered that everyone called him a holy prophet and the ordinary people all called him their god." In the Vulgate Cycle's version of
1459:
which described Merlin as "treacherous and disloyal by nature, like his father before him"), Malory limited the extent of the negative association of Merlin and his powers. He is relatively rarely condemned as demonic by other characters such as
2575:
Merlin is credited with predicting this: "Today I will perish, overwhelmed by stones and cudgels. / Today by body will be pierced through by a sharp stake / of wood, and so my life will expire. / Today I shall end my present life engulfed in the
1773:, the ancestry of both Merlin and the Lady of the Lake is descended from the ancient fairy Morgane (unrelated to Arthur's sister), who cursed their bloodline when she wrongly believed that her daughter was raped by her daughter's human lover.
1662:
in his fight against the
English rule. The vagueness of Merlin's prophecies enabled British monarchs and historians to continue using them even in the early modern period. Notably, the King of Scotland and later also of England and Ireland,
2367:
described as tall, black and bristly, and as seeming cruel and fierce. Finally, he appears as an old man with a long beard, short and hunchbacked, in an old torn woolen coat, who carries a club and drives a multitude of beasts before him.
5876:
translated and retold in modern
English prose, the story from Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland MS Advocates 19.2.1 (the Auchinleck MS) (from the Middle English of the Early English Text Society edition: O D McCrae-Gibson, 1973,
2842:
1515:
and usually also attributed to Robert), where Merlin is the initiator of the Grail Quest and cannot die until the end of days, he eventually retires after Arthur's downfall by turning himself into a bird and entering the mysterious
2508:
tells of Morgan's reaction to the news of his entombment by the Lady of the Lake, saying she was "at the same time glad and sorry" and "sorry and worried, because if she were to have need of Merlin, she would be ruined for want of
1274:
is largely based on
Geoffrey's familiar tale of Vortigern's Tower, Uther's war against the Saxons, and Arthur's conception. New in this retelling is the episode of young Arthur (who had been secreted away by Merlin) drawing the
973:'s brother Aurelius Ambrosius. Geoffrey added his own embellishments to the tale, which he set in Carmarthen, Wales (Welsh: Caerfyrddin). While Nennius' "fatherless" Ambrosius eventually reveals himself to be the son of a Roman
295:. Later chronicle and romance writers in France and elsewhere expanded the account to produce a more full, multifaceted character, creating one of the most important figures in the imagination and literature of the Middle Ages.
1908:) manages to find the rock under which Merlin is entombed alive by Niviene, as she is named there. He communicates with Merlin, but is unable to lift the stone; what follows next is supposedly narrated in the mysterious text
1896:, she (aged just 12 at the time) makes Merlin sleep forever in a pit in the forest of Darnantes, "and that is where he remained, for never again did anyone see or hear of him or have news to tell of him." In the Post-Vulgate
2044:, came about when a spate of the Tweed and Pausayl occurred during the reign of the Scottish James VI and I on the English throne: "When Tweed and Pausayl meet at Merlin's grave, / Scotland and England one king shall have."
1888:, is mentioned as having broken his heart before his later second relationship with Morgan, but here the text does not tell how exactly Merlin did vanish, other than relating his farewell meeting with Blaise. In the Vulgate
5636:
1840:
where his foresight ability is explicitly dampened by sexual desire) but lacking either ability or will to counteract it in any way, along with her using one of his own spells to get rid of him. Usually (including in
1754:
Instead, Merlin's eventual undoing comes from his lusting after another of his female students: the one often named Viviane, among various other names and spellings (including Malory's own Nyneve that his editor
1641:
During the 15th century, Welsh works predicting the Celtic revenge and victory over the Saxons were recast as Merlin's (Myrddin's) prophecies and used along with Geoffrey by the propaganda of the Welsh-descended
2560:, falls in love with Merlin and plans to trap him for herself in her purpose-built Palace of Great Desire, but Merlin foils this plot and banishes her to Avalon. Conversely, Gaucher de Dourdan's continuation of
5897:
by Philippe Walter, Christine Bord, Jean-Charles Berthet and Nathalie Stalmans. Moyen Âge européen, 1999. Earliest Merlin texts and studies on them, available to read for free at OpenEdition Books (in French)
1633:
presents the titular redeemed half-demon as Merlin's half-brother. In Britain, Merlin remained as much as a prophet as a magician up to and including the 16th century, when political content in the style of
2348:
Blaise also figures within the text as its supposed original author, decades later writing down Merlin's own words in a third-person narration. According to Philippe Walter, Blaise, whose name resembles
1873:(where he also asserts that it "seems almost certain that Morgan le Fay and the Lady of the Lake were originally the same person" in the legend) has Merlin trapped by his mistress inside a tree on the
1471:, where he was born as the "fatherless child" from not a supernatural rape of a virgin but a consensual union between a lustful demon and an unmarried beautiful young lady and was never baptized.
1037:(1150). He based it on stories of the original 6th-century Myrddin, set long after his time frame for the life of Merlin Ambrosius. Nevertheless, Geoffrey asserts that the characters and events of
264:, with several other main roles. The familiar depiction of Merlin, based on an amalgamation of historical and legendary figures, was introduced by the 12th-century British pseudo-historical author
528:
proposed that the name of Merlin is of French origin and means 'little blackbird', an allusion to the mocking and provocative personality usually attributed to him in medieval stories. The Welsh
2243:
As noted by Alan Lupack, "Merlin plays many roles in Arthurian literature, including bard, prophet, magician, advisor, and warrior. Though usually a figure who supports Arthur and his vision of
5531:"Gaëlle Zussa, Merlin. Rémanences contemporaines d'un personnage littéraire médiéval dans la production culturelle francophone (fin xxe siècle et début xxie siècle) : origines et pouvoirs"
905:(c. 1136), he supplemented his characterisation of Merlin by attributing stories of Ambrosius to Merlin. These stories were taken from one of Geoffrey's primary sources, the early 9th-century
2040:: stoned and beaten by the shepherds, he falls over a cliff and is impaled on a stake, his head falls forward into the water, and he drowns. The fulfillment of another prophecy, ascribed to
1557:, which sympathizes with Mordred as usual in Scottish chronicle tradition, particularly attributes Merlin's supernatural evil influence on Arthur to its very negative portrayal of his rule.
1283:
for fifty members, following his own act of creating the table itself. The text ends with the coronation of Arthur. The prose version of Robert's poem was then continued in the 13th-century
1507:
age (including as a very young child), or even as a talking animal. His guises can be highly deformed and animalistic even when Merlin is presenting as a human or humanoid being. In the
1383:, his acts include arranging the consummation of Arthur's desire for "the most beautiful maiden ever born," Lady Lisanor of Cardigan, resulting in the birth of Arthur's illegitimate son
2298:
eliminating others. Merlin was not always all of these things. Instead, his figure developed by gradually accreting varied capabilities, each suggesting further capabilities and roles."
1132:
by at least half century while telling a different version of the same story. According to Villemarqué, the origin of the legend of Merlin lies with the Roman story of Marsus, a son of
5869:
1823:"How by her subtle working she made Merlin to go under the stone to let wit of the marvels there and she wrought so there for him that he came never out for all the craft he could do."
2910:
3882:
5614:
4280:
Saunders, Corinne (9 November 2018). "Lifting the Veil: Voices, Visions, and Destiny in Malory's Morte Darthur". In Archibald, Elizabeth; Leitch, Megan; Saunders, Corinne (eds.).
2192:, is also named after Merlin; the name is given in memory of a Welsh legend in which the broken tail parts of trilobites were identified as butterflies turned to stone by Merlin.
1437:
and its continuations have been adapted in verse and prose, translated into several languages, and further modified to various degrees by other authors. Notably, the Post-Vulgate
3385:
3552:
5640:
1845:), having learned everything she could from him, Viviane will then also replace the eliminated Merlin within the story, taking up his role as Arthur's adviser and court mage.
444:
1410:, the so-called "romantic" rewrite (as opposed to the so-called "historical" original of the Vulgate). It added some content such as Merlin providing Arthur with the sword
3975:
1246:
1016:
as a burial place for Aurelius Ambrosius, bringing the stones from Ireland. In the second, Merlin's magic enables the new British king, Uther Pendragon, to enter into
935:, adding new episodes that tie Merlin with King Arthur and his predecessors. Geoffrey stated that this Ambrosius was also called "Merlin", hence Ambrosius Merlinus.
2464:(downfall). Or Morgue may appear as an ambitious and unscrupulous bitch ready to seduce an old tottering Merlin in order to gain the wisdom he alone can dispense."
4451:
Le Saint Graal, ou le Joseph d'Arimathie, première branche des romans de la Table ronde. T1 / Publié d'après des textes et des documents inédits par Eugène Hucher
1097:
early chroniclers but belonged to a real person. If so, the hypothetical proto-Merlin would have lived about a century after the hypothetical historical Arthur.
4914:
Miller, Barbara D. (2000). "The Spanish 'Viviens' of "El baladro del sabio Merlín" and "Benjamín Jarnés's Viviana y Merlín": From Femme Fatale to Femme Vitale".
2535:
referred to in the story is an unknown, supposedly separate text that might have been just fictitious. However, the Spanish Post-Vulgate manuscript known as the
5126:
1191:
themes in the legend by either riding on it or transforming himself into one in an apparent association with old Celtic pagan beliefs and their Christianisation
5665:
5697:
3530:
501:. This contrasts with the popular folk etymology that the town was named after the bard. The name Carmarthen is derived from the town's previous Roman name
4854:
2168:
1584:, presents Merlin as Uter's father, effectively making Merlin's grandson Arthur a part-devil too. Bauduin (Baudouin) Butor's 1294 romance known as either
1110:, between the sons of Eliffer and Gwenddolau son of Ceidio; in which battle Gwenddolau fell; Myrddin went mad." The earliest version of the same entry in
8050:
3925:
2362:
Merlin appears as a woodcutter with an axe about his neck, big shoes, a torn coat, bristly hair, and a large beard. He is later found in the forest of
8002:
2175:
in 2011, and one of the three Arthurian figures (along with Arthur and Morgan) commemorated on the gold and silver British pound coins issued by the
2419:," actual descriptions of Merlin's father tend to talk of an airborne spirit, sometimes taking material shape of a handsome man. One version of the
710:
2384:, a related work also attributed to Robert de Boron. This may be thus an invention of the prose author. Furthermore, the Modena manuscript of the
4057:
2605:
6811:
4031:
2477:
tradition identifies the Wise Damsel (Savia Donzella / Savia Damigella) as the usually unnamed fairy enchantress who abducted Tristan's father
2339:" motif become increasingly Christianised, monastic writers of Arthurian prose romances would even directly equate it with the Christ himself.
6865:
5864:
1049:. Merlin spends a part of his life as a madman in the woods and marries a woman named Guendoloena (a character inspired by the historic king
2902:
2460:, depending on the version of the narrative, "it may be that a lustful Merlin seduces an (almost) innocent Morgue , thus pushing her to her
1965:), outside Carmarthen. Carmarthen is also associated with Merlin more generally, including through the 13th-century manuscript known as the
1740:
In the prose chivalric romance tradition, Merlin has a major weakness that leads him to his relatively early doom: young beautiful women of
1592:
names Merlin's usually unspecified mother as Optima, daughter of King Melias of Demetia (Dyfed), while Paolino Pieri's 14th-century Italian
829:
in later texts influenced by Geoffrey). Myrddin's legend has parallels with a northern Welsh and southern Scottish story of the mad prophet
5854:
TEAMS Middle English text series) edited by John Conlea, 1998. A selection of many passages of the prose Middle English translation of the
4824:
3874:
4987:
854:
In Welsh poetry, Myrddin was a bard who was driven mad after witnessing the horrors of war and subsequently fled civilization to become a
8125:
5637:"United Kingdom: Last gold and silver Proof coins in "Mythical Legends" series concludes with sorceress Morgan le Fay | Coin Update"
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1279:, an event orchestrated by Merlin in the role of kingmaker. Earlier, Merlin also instructs Uther to establish the original order of the
7945:
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5922:
4601:
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on the knight's quest to find him), where they then spend almost every night together as lovers. Besides evoking the final scenes from
7990:
2415:
As noted by Miranda Griffin, "while demons are often portrayed with quite extraordinary bodies in illuminations in manuscripts of the
1166:
5843:
1367:. There, while not identifying his mother, it is stated that Merlin was named after his grandfather on her side. The Vulgate's Prose
5018:
1957:
Unrelated to the legend of the Lady of the Lake, other purported sites of Merlin's burial include a cave deep inside Merlin's Hill (
1942:
6671:
2380:(it is not included in the surviving fragment of the poem), absent of any Biblical connections, contradicts the plot and themes of
86:
5832:
1106:(dubbed the "B-text", written at the end of the 13th century) and influenced by Geoffrey, records that in the year 573 after "the
7170:
5584:
3619:
2999:
Merlin in German Literature: A Study of the Merlin Legend in German Literature from Medieval Beginnings to the End of Romanticism
1650:, which traced its lineage directly to Arthur. Later, the Tudors' Welsh supporters, including bards, interpreted the prophecy of
1615:
of the late 13th century, which drew from the chronicles and the Vulgate Cycle. In English-language medieval texts that conflate
1705:. His various apprentices gain or expand their magical powers through Merlin, however his prophetic powers cannot be passed on.
8120:
8115:
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5858:
with connecting summary. The sections from "The Birth of Merlin to "Arthur and the Sword in the Stone" cover Robert de Boron's
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2703:
1136:, which eventually influenced the Breton and Welsh tales of a supernaturally-born bard or enchanter named Marzin or Marddin.
5782:
4732:
3013:
2566:
has Merlin magically abducting a maiden who did not want to love him and then building a house for them to live in together.
2018:
Another site associated with Merlin's burial, in his 'Merlin Silvestris' aspect, is the confluence of the Pausalyl Burn and
7900:
7160:
5011:"Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur"
1319:
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1008:
portent of things to come. At this point Geoffrey inserted a long section of Merlin's prophecies, taken from his earlier
5548:
2327:
Merlin's connections with stags within his stories may be a shadow of the belief in avatars of the Celtic "horned god",
306:, from whom he inherits his supernatural powers and abilities. His most notable abilities commonly include prophecy and
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6804:
5794:
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1498:" aspects were sometimes de-emphasized (or even seemingly vanish entirely, as in the fragmentary and more fantastical
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2443:, for instance, Merlin enters Rome in the form of a huge stag with a white fore-foot. He bursts into the presence of
1767:) like Morgan and described as a Lady of the Lake, or the "chief Lady of the Lake" in the case of Malory's Nimue. In
1651:
1464:, instead he is presented as an ambiguous trickster. Conversely, Merlin seems to be inherently evil in the so-called
1270:
was originally part of a cycle of Robert's poems telling the story of the Grail over the centuries. The narrative of
5661:
4506:
The Novellino or One Hundred Ancient Tales: An Edition and Translation based on the 1525 Gualteruzzi editio princeps
3303:
2247:, Merlin is, because of the stories in which he is said to be the son of a devil, sometimes presented as a villain."
1857:), or an invisible tower made of magic with no physical walls. The scene is often placed in the enchanted forest of
8110:
8080:
5508:
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4326:
2562:
1598:
1548:
1028:
notes, Merlin subsequently disappears from the narrative. He does not tutor or advise Arthur as in later versions.
5686:
5569:
3526:
1654:
as having been fulfilled after their ascent to the throne of England that they sought to legitimize following the
8100:
6244:
3800:
Origins of Arthurian Romances: Early Sources for the Legends of Tristan, the Grail and the Abduction of the Queen
1177:
17:
6106:
1950:
1118:, as well as in the poem "Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin" ("The Conversation between Myrddin and Taliesin") from
393:) for feces. 'Merlin' may also be an adjective, in which case he should be called "The Merlin", from the French
314:
after he fell in love with her. Other texts variously describe his retirement, at times supernatural, or death.
8060:
8045:
7966:
5915:
5691:
3361:
2504:
Merlin also otherwise protects Morgan and continues to aid her when she requests help in some other texts. The
2138:, who also use some of his other traits. Things named in honour of the legendary figure have included asteroid
2108:
1849:
prison or grave can be also variably a cave, a tree, or hole either within or under a large rock (according to
1686:(Dama di Isola do Vallone). Others who have learned sorcery from Merlin include the Wise Damsel in the Italian
1553:
5211:
The Romance of the Grail: A Study of the Structure and Genesis of a Thirteenth-century Arthurian Prose Romance
4846:
8130:
8030:
6797:
5235:
3917:
1455:
which formed a now-iconic version of the legend. Compared to some of his French sources (such as the Vulgate
1204:
1159:
1057:. There, he is often visited by Taliesin and by his own sister Ganieda (a Latinized name of Myrddin's sister
993:). Usually, the name of Merlin's mother is not stated, but it is given as Adhan in the oldest version of the
651:
581:
1088:
Mark Chorvinsky hypothesized that Merlin is based on a historical person, probably a 5th and/or 6th-century
8105:
8065:
6196:
6161:
5431:"'A land shining with goodness': Magic and Religion in Stephen R. Lawhead's "Taliesin, Merlin, and Arthur""
1120:
7825:
2122:
with a long white beard, creating a modern wizard archetype reflected in many fantasy characters, such as
1623:, the Anglo-Saxon enemies against whom Merlin aids first Uther and then Arthur tend to be replaced by the
1602:, a young daughter of Merlin himself, called the Lady of the High Peak of Mont Dolorous, appears to guide
8070:
7960:
7260:
6666:
2074:
While some modern authors write about Merlin positively through an explicitly Christian world-view, some
1674:, who is sometimes depicted as Merlin's lover and sometimes as just his unrequited love interest. In the
3510:
8085:
7950:
6714:
6324:
6061:
2152:
1905:
1351:, a vast cyclical series of Old French prose works also known as the Vulgate Cycle, in the form of the
1053:). He eventually retires to observing stars from his house with seventy windows in the remote woods of
762:
705:
4053:
2597:
969:. At the same time, however, Geoffrey also turned Ambrosius Aurelianus into the separate character of
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5908:
5803:
2847:
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1577:
1427:
958:
901:
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of its mouth. Merlin's part in these wars is depicted in more detail in the recently-found Bristol
2053:
1967:
1611:
1561:
1419:
292:
8075:
7075:
6985:
5943:
5851:
5773:
2695:
The Manuscript and Meaning of Malory's Morte Darthur: Rubrication, Commemoration, Memorialization
1724:
1287:, telling of King Arthur's early wars and Merlin's role in them. In this text, also known as the
42:
35:
4820:
1635:
7884:
7675:
7670:
5043:
George Eliot's Originals and Contemporaries: Essays in Victorian Literary History and Biography
4971:
2392:, sometimes also attributed to Robert, features only 13 seats at the Round Table instead of 50.
1667:, claimed his 1603 unification of Britain into the United Kingdom had been foretold by Merlin.
772:
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4624:
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4190:
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3997:
3836:
3759:
3720:
3641:
3472:
3433:
3351:
3106:
2759:
Lloyd-Morgan, Ceridwen. "Narratives and Non-Narrtives: Aspects of Welsh Arthurian Tradition."
2666:
2628:
1759:
changed to Nymue which in turn eventually became the now-popular Nimue). She is also called a
7715:
7620:
7165:
6676:
5333:
5250:
5216:
5149:
4504:
4477:
4348:
4163:
3798:
3407:
3235:
3184:
3145:
2772:
2693:
2143:
2068:
1237:, Merlin is created as a demon spawn, but in Robert's account he is explicitly to become the
666:
378:
7830:
7820:
4689:
4585:
4570:
4449:
3668:
2734:
1183:
Emil Johann Lauffer's painting of Merlin taking the newborn Arthur to be secretly raised by
411:) into which he could metamorphose through his shamanic powers, as was notably the case for
7625:
7450:
7375:
7250:
7175:
7045:
7020:
6945:
6820:
6429:
6414:
6389:
6339:
6214:
6036:
5961:
2801:
2777:
An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures
2598:"Frequently Asked Questions about the Arthurian Legends | Robbins Library Digital Projects"
1866:
1643:
1451:
1331:
1050:
888:
718:
354:
280:
265:
125:
111:
7998:
5840:
8:
8090:
7851:
7730:
7430:
7315:
7185:
7180:
7070:
3554:
Arthur in the Celtic Languages: The Arthurian Legend in Celtic Literatures and Traditions
2157:
1781:
1527:
1107:
916:
670:
431:(man), to mean 'madman'. It may also mean ' many names' if it was derived from the Welsh
333:
6903:
5900:
5291:
5232:"The Enchantress, the Knight and the Cleric: Authorial Surrogates in Arthurian Romance'"
5010:
4054:"September: Bristol Merlin update | News and features | University of Bristol"
3999:
The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature
3220:
Jean-Charles Berthet, "Merlin et saint Martin ou les chemins qui ne mènent pas à Rome".
518:
7810:
7750:
7655:
7605:
7340:
7230:
7035:
6837:
6734:
6729:
6329:
6289:
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5535:
Perspectives médiévales. Revue d'épistémologie des langues et littératures du Moyen Âge
5500:
5458:
5450:
4939:
4931:
4893:
4431:
4318:
4144:
4136:
2488:
1729:
1620:
1503:
1399:
938:
907:
868:
847:, an Irish tale of the wandering insane king Suibihne mac Colmáin (often Anglicised to
784:
691:
599:
261:
154:
100:
5580:
4573:. Society for the study of mediæval languages and literature – via Google Books.
3669:"Merlin; Or, The Early History of King Arthur: A Prose Romance (about 1450-1460 A.D.)"
3616:
1165:, elaborating on the brief mention by Geoffrey. This was the first popular account of
1012:. Geoffrey also told two further tales of the character. In the first, Merlin creates
7910:
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4695:
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4630:
4591:
4537:
4510:
4483:
4381:
4354:
4287:
4283:
Romance Rewritten: The Evolution of Middle English Romance. A Tribute to Helen Cooper
4249:
4223:
4196:
4169:
4148:
4085:
4003:
3842:
3804:
3765:
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2100:
2041:
2012:
2000:
1817:
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1227:
859:
796:
61:
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3222:
Mémoire de maîtrise de littérature du Moyen Âge sous la direction de Philippe Walter
1732:(1874). The depicted episode in its various tellings became a major inspiration for
1569:
7972:
7710:
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7390:
7365:
6990:
6613:
6419:
6399:
6354:
5538:
5442:
5366:
4923:
4423:
4414:
Griffin, Miranda (2011). "The Space of Transformation: Merlin Between Two Deaths".
4128:
3527:"WHEN I INTERVIEWED MARK CHORVINSKY - REMEMBERING A MUCH-MISSED FORTEAN AND FRIEND"
3039:
2491:
will take refuge in her now abandoned but still enchanted castle while hiding from
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2209:
2147:
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2057:
1714:
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prophets with no connection to Arthur, to form the composite figure that he called
241:
220:
190:
72:
5886:
1659:
1371:
further relates that after growing up in the borderlands between 'Scotland' (i.e.
595:
seeks a "fatherless child" for a blood sacrifice to strengthen his castle's tower
8095:
8035:
8025:
7856:
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7640:
7630:
7530:
7520:
7515:
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7440:
7385:
7310:
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6694:
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6603:
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6569:
6379:
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5798:
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3623:
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2033:
1972:
1862:
1799:
1691:
1199:
1125:
1093:
1017:
970:
621:
537:
269:
249:
1658:. Prophecies attributed to Merlin were also used by the 14th-century Welsh hero
1158:'s circa 1480 illumination of the story of Merlin's unholy birth as told in the
322:
7915:
7720:
7695:
7535:
7410:
7155:
7110:
7080:
7050:
7040:
6778:
6766:
6541:
6495:
4281:
2483:
2457:
2427:
2363:
2028:
1980:
1958:
1805:
1756:
1664:
1647:
1465:
1347:
1054:
994:
928:
884:
843:
779:
746:
487:
451:, which he considered the original form of Merlin's name, from the Breton word
412:
284:
233:
6896:
6576:
3617:
Annales Cambriae, from Saint Patrick to AD 682: Texts A, B & C in Parallel
2376:
Merlin's apparently own creation of the Round Table as described in the Prose
1874:
1858:
1638:
continued to be written using Merlin's name to guarantee their authenticity.
1525:
Among other medieval works dealing with the Merlin legend is the 13th-century
866:. Geoffrey had Myrddin in mind when he wrote his earliest surviving work, the
8019:
7745:
7600:
7455:
7245:
6874:
6454:
6239:
6026:
5530:
4889:
4192:
The Fall of Kings and Princes: Structure and Destruction in Arthurian Tragedy
2815:
2444:
2420:
2308:
2131:
1699:
1671:
1446:
1326:
1218:
1024:). These episodes appear in many later adaptations of Geoffrey's account. As
952:
818:
533:
307:
276:
194:
121:
31:
5791:
5398:
Merlin: Knowledge and Power through the Ages - Stephen Knight - Google Books
4286:. Wellcome Trust–Funded Monographs and Book Chapters. Boydell & Brewer.
1045:. Here, Merlin survives the reign of Arthur, whose fall he is told about by
536:
and some of the powers and other attributes of the 4th-century French Saint
7935:
7740:
7610:
7545:
7540:
7415:
6853:
6754:
6709:
6500:
6319:
6249:
5734:
4291:
2805:
2426:
also makes Merlin essentially a "half-brother" of the monster known as the
2119:
1742:
1422:. Eventually, long after Merlin is gone, his advice to dispose of the baby
1155:
1033:
1025:
525:
510:
470:
460:
364:
291:. His rendering of the character became immediately popular, especially in
5809:
5446:
4927:
4132:
3435:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
1923:
One notably alternate version that has a happier ending for Merlin is the
1751:, which is the only instance of him ever intentionally misleading Arthur.
7955:
7805:
7760:
7735:
7555:
7330:
7210:
6970:
6925:
6618:
6536:
6364:
6334:
6304:
5931:
5183:
Transforming Tales: Rewriting Metamorphosis in Medieval French Literature
4081:
Transforming Tales: Rewriting Metamorphosis in Medieval French Literature
2217:
2167:. He was one of eight British magical figures who were commemorated on a
2139:
2115:
2063:
2019:
1976:
1769:
1733:
1670:
Merlin's apprentice in chivalric romances is often Arthur's half-sister,
1629:
1487:
1280:
965:
Geoffrey's account of Merlin's early life is based on the story from the
920:
883:), a character based in part on the 5th-century historical figure of the
863:
646:
629:
257:
81:
5504:
5454:
4935:
4897:
4435:
4322:
4306:
4140:
3287:
1479:
1076:
7565:
7370:
7360:
7220:
7215:
7200:
7195:
7000:
6975:
6950:
6930:
6789:
6521:
6490:
6434:
6151:
6071:
5488:
5430:
2336:
2186:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2062:
Merlin and stories involving him have continued to be popular from the
2023:
1901:
1495:
1305:
The conception of Merlin as depicted in a circa 1494 manuscript of the
1299:
1261:
1257:
1238:
1209:
1013:
943:
814:
701:
609:
576:
498:
5543:
4664:
Saracens and the Making of English Identity: The Auchinleck Manuscript
1719:
7930:
7878:
7795:
7790:
7680:
7665:
7650:
7635:
7380:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7295:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7135:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7065:
7005:
6960:
6955:
6724:
6516:
6485:
6459:
6394:
6369:
6259:
6229:
6181:
6171:
6006:
6001:
5971:
5078:
4427:
3034:
2492:
2328:
2189:
2015:
wrote in 1215: "Merlin's tumulus gave you your name, Merlebergia").
2004:
1539:
which draws heavily from it. An even more political Italian text was
1411:
1388:
1276:
1184:
1149:
1062:
1058:
876:
662:
592:
209:
177:
6091:
4757:
Propaganda and the Tudor State: Political Culture in the Westcountry
3841:. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 131.
3515:. Boston Public Library. New York, N.Y. : D. Appleton & Co.
469:
is an early name for Great Britain as stated in the third series of
7890:
7800:
7755:
7660:
7595:
7590:
7570:
7550:
7505:
7500:
7475:
7470:
7325:
7305:
7265:
7235:
7225:
7190:
7145:
7140:
7130:
7120:
7115:
7030:
6995:
6980:
6965:
6940:
6643:
6633:
6608:
6598:
6588:
6449:
6404:
6374:
6299:
6269:
6234:
6209:
6176:
6141:
6121:
6076:
6031:
5951:
2478:
2181:
1880:
Niniane, as the Lady of the Lake student of Merlin is known in the
1854:
1603:
1461:
1046:
855:
830:
575:
Blaise's intervention redeems Merlin from his intended role of the
5231:
3292:. Senefiance. Presses universitaires de Provence. pp. 51–64.
2667:"The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal"
2220:, also said to have been conceived by a nun without a human father
1073:
seems to have little influence on the later portrayals of Merlin.
1065:
and is also endowed with prophetic powers. Compared to Geoffrey's
476:
Celticist Alfred Owen Hughes Jarman suggested that the Welsh name
7925:
7920:
7785:
7775:
7765:
7705:
7645:
7585:
7485:
7480:
7465:
7460:
7435:
7425:
7420:
7395:
7335:
7320:
7025:
7010:
6593:
6559:
6531:
6526:
6359:
6314:
6274:
6224:
6204:
6186:
6166:
6156:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6116:
6111:
6101:
6096:
6021:
6016:
6011:
5986:
5966:
3186:
Le devin maudit: Merlin, Lailoken, Suibhne : Textes et étude
2557:
2556:, a fairy enchantress named Escorducarla, the mother of the evil
2474:
2244:
2127:
2075:
2037:
1624:
1423:
1394:
A further reworking and an alternative continuation of the Prose
1021:
986:
978:
912:
684:
633:
625:
348:
303:
299:
166:
162:
150:
140:
3409:
Magic in Merlin's Realm: A History of Occult Politics in Britain
2318:, Geoffrey's Merlin actually does not use magic in this episode.
1831:
Viviane's character in relation to Merlin is first found in the
1020:
in disguise and to father Arthur with his enemy's wife, Igerna (
7905:
7846:
7770:
7700:
7580:
7525:
7300:
7290:
7240:
7205:
7150:
7125:
7090:
7015:
6920:
6638:
6628:
6564:
6480:
6444:
6439:
6384:
6349:
6264:
6146:
6086:
5996:
5991:
3694:
Lawrence-Mathers, A. (2020) . "Chapter 6: A Demonic Heritage".
2160:, and more than a dozen different British warships each called
1932:
1683:
1679:
1376:
974:
924:
198:
1627:
or simply just invading pagans. The 15th-century English poem
862:
until he was cured of his madness by Kentigern, also known as
399:
meaning blackbird. According to Martin Aurell, the Latin form
7815:
7615:
7270:
7255:
7060:
7055:
6464:
6424:
6309:
6294:
6051:
6046:
5956:
4876:
Berthelot, Anne (2000). "Merlin and the Ladies of the Lake".
4119:
Berthelot, Anne (2000). "Merlin and the Ladies of the Lake".
3286:
Berthelot, Anne (17 January 2014). "Merlin magicien ?".
1760:
1384:
1372:
1133:
1089:
256:) is a mythical figure prominently featured in the legend of
5887:
LE DEVIN MAUDIT Merlin, Lailoken, Suibhne — Textes et études
2107:
on a 1948 stamp for the 150th anniversary of the victorious
7490:
7405:
6254:
6081:
5981:
2931:
Brian Frykenberg (2006). "Myrddin". In John T. Koch (ed.).
1861:, a legendary location today identified with the real-life
1213:
1188:
947:
158:
5930:
4718:
Prophecy, Politics and the People in Early Modern England
3643:
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
788:(British Library MS Cotton Claudius B VII f.224, c. 1250)
298:
Merlin's traditional biography casts him as an often-mad
4028:
University of Rochester Robbins Library Digital Projects
3972:
University of Rochester Robbins Library Digital Projects
3922:
University of Rochester Robbins Library Digital Projects
2311:
in south-west Wales. Unlike in the later accounts since
1609:
The earliest English verse romance concerning Merlin is
1494:
As the Arthurian myths were retold, Merlin's prophetic "
5079:
University of California, Los Angeles (15 March 1970).
4533:
Premodern Scotland: Literature and Governance 1420-1587
1791:, the title using the Lady's name popularized by Caxton
946:
in an illustration for a circa 1325—1350 manuscript of
275:
Geoffrey seems to have combined earlier Welsh tales of
5489:"The New Age Mage: Merlin as Contemporary Occult Icon"
5294:. Boston, Ginn & Co. – via Internet Archive.
4847:"Arthur and Gawain - Robbins Library Digital Projects"
1682:, two other witch queens, and the Lady of the Isle of
1325:"Merlin", an illustration in the 1894 Dent edition of
5292:"Studies in the fairy mythology of Arthurian romance"
3224:, Université Stendhal, Bibliothèque de Lettres, 1992.
3087:. Bruxelles, Société belge d'études celtiques, 1996 (
2256:
Alternate forms of Merlin's name include the English
645:
Merlin chooses the fifty original knights of Uther's
3903:
Philippe Walter, "Merlin, le loup et saint Blaise".
2800:
2199:
1853:, this happens somewhere in Benwick, the kingdom of
1260:, his joking personality, and his connection to the
1245:. The infernal plot is thwarted when a priest named
1222:, an Anglo-Norman creative adaptation of Geoffrey's
1031:
Geoffrey dealt with Merlin again in his third work,
915:. In this source, Ambrosius was discovered when the
5111:
3803:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 96.
3237:
Merlin and the Discovery of Avalon in the New World
2036:, at the hands of some shepherds of the under-king
931:(the red dragon). Geoffrey retold the story in his
899:). When Geoffrey included Merlin in his next work,
813:Geoffrey's composite Merlin is based mostly on the
5208:
1596:calls her Marinaia. In the Second Continuation of
497:, the Welsh name for the town known in English as
382:
5607:"Gallery: Royal Mail: Stamps from magical realms"
5581:"The Story of Merlin and the Demons who made him"
4571:"Ulrich Füetrer's Parzival: Material and Sources"
4530:Martin, Joanna; Wingfield, Emily (16 June 2017).
3550:
3338:Bibliographical Bulletin of the Arthurian Society
2481:to be her lover. In some versions, including the
1445:) was the main source for the opening section of
532:could be also phonetically connected to the name
8017:
5428:
3693:
2118:period, Merlin has been typically depicted as a
1646:(who fought under the red dragon banner) of the
1560:The earliest Merlin text written in Germany was
1551:whom the author regarded as the Antichrist. The
1430:leads to the deaths of many, among them Arthur.
837:), probably the same as Myrddin son of Morfryn (
5486:
4529:
4118:
1000:, the text also naming his grandfather as King
346:
4245:The Holy Grail: History, Legend, and Symbolism
3438:. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020.
2669:. W. Curry, jun., and Company. 15 March 1864.
1987:), where he lives in a house of glass (Welsh:
1128:as "certainly" before 1100, that is predating
806:'s compilation of texts of astronomy (c. 1400)
782:in an illustration for Geoffrey of Monmouth's
6805:
5916:
5687:"How trilobites conquered prehistoric oceans"
5401:. Cornell University Press. 18 October 2018.
4688:Brinkley, Roberta Florence (13 August 2014).
3551:Lloyd-Morgan, Ceridwen; Poppe, Erich (2019).
3085:Dieux d'eau : Apollons celtes et gaulois
2903:"Excalibur et les mystères de la table ronde"
505:, in turn, derived from the Celtic Brittonic
41:"Merlyn" redirects here. For other uses, see
3687:
3071:Noms de lieux celtiques de l'Europe ancienne
1736:authors and artists of the late 19th century
1441:(along with an earlier version of the Prose
687:'s birth and the coming fall of his kingdom
665:pulling contest to prove the young Arthur's
452:
438:
407:to bring him closer to the blackbird (Latin
394:
5881:, 2 vols, EETS and Oxford University Press)
5367:"Merlin | Robbins Library Digital Projects"
4691:Arthurian Legend in the Seventeenth Century
3069:
2272:. Thomas Malory's Winchester Manuscript of
1993:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
1264:, the quest for which he later foretells.
919:, Vortigern, attempted to erect a tower at
778:The young Merlin reading his prophecies to
756:
492:
477:
458:
432:
426:
388:
368:
358:
326:
8051:Fictional characters with mental disorders
7946:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
6812:
6798:
5923:
5909:
5776:. Numerous texts and art concerning Merlin
5303:
5301:
4969:
4797:. Printed at the "Welsh gazette" offices.
4377:Heroes and Anti-heroes in Medieval Romance
3667:Wheatley, Henry Benjamin (15 March 1865).
3051:
3049:
2876:Markale, J (1995). Belle N. Burke (trans)
841:) mentioned in the Welsh Triads, and with
272:and prose successors in the 13th century.
71:
5739:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5542:
4875:
4373:
4307:"Malory's Merlin: An Ambiguous Magician?"
3947:
3945:
3943:
3285:
2933:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
2796:
2794:
2792:
1865:in Brittany. A Breton tradition cited by
6819:
5780:Timeless Myths: The Many Faces of Merlin
5763:Merlin: Texts, Images, Basic Information
5714:
5334:"Merlin's Mount, Marlborough, Wiltshire"
5206:
5082:Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies
4793:Davies, Jonathan Ceredig (8 June 1911).
4714:
4687:
4476:Sauer, Michelle M. (24 September 2015).
4279:
4084:. Oxford University Press. p. 185.
3718:
3666:
3639:
3508:
3470:
3349:
3233:
2953:Merlin and Wales: A Magician's Landscape
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2732:
2626:
2307:The stones, in actuality, came from the
2095:
1941:
1718:
1708:
1478:
1345:was incorporated as a foundation of the
1202:retold and expanded on this material in
1139:
1080:An illustration of Merlin as a druid in
1075:
937:
875:Geoffrey was further inspired by Emrys (
321:
87:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
7171:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
5298:
5215:. Manchester University Press. p.
5179:
4587:Studies on the Legend of the Holy Grail
4502:
4413:
4350:A Companion to the Lancelot-Grail Cycle
4077:
3796:
3757:
3696:The True History of Merlin the Magician
3577:
3571:
3182:
3143:
3046:
2996:Weiss, Adelaide Marie (16 March 1970).
2691:
956:, an expanded adaptation of Geoffrey's
728:Blaise writes down the story of Merlin
628:though a spell by Merlin and conceives
14:
8018:
7986:
5587:from the original on 23 September 2023
5361:
5359:
5229:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5039:
5008:
4913:
4792:
4753:
4660:
4622:
4304:
4188:
3940:
3875:"Vision de Galaad, Perceval et Bohort"
3108:Dictionnaire de mythologie arthurienne
3104:
2872:
2870:
2837:
2835:
2789:
2032:tells that Merlin himself underwent a
1999:). One site of his tomb is said to be
1426:through an event evoking the Biblical
1241:intended to reverse the effect of the
977:, Geoffrey's Merlin is fathered by an
367:suggests that Geoffrey chose the form
6793:
5904:
5700:from the original on 13 October 2023.
5559:– via journals.openedition.org.
5528:
5290:Paton, Lucy Allen (9 November 1903).
5289:
5129:from the original on 11 November 2012
4909:
4907:
4857:from the original on 19 November 2017
4475:
4346:
4248:. Courier Corporation. January 2006.
4114:
4112:
3640:Bromwich, Rachel (15 November 2014).
3405:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3147:Lancelot et la chevalerie arthurienne
2995:
2938:
2728:
2726:
2608:from the original on 28 November 2020
1474:
1449:'s English-language compilation work
1198:Around the turn of the 13th century,
1169:motif in Western Christian literature
981:demon through a nun, daughter of the
821:, that is Myrddin the Wild (known as
486:
268:and then built on by the French poet
7901:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
7161:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
5821:, a Chronicle documentary on YouTube
5733:
5617:from the original on 11 October 2018
5493:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
5307:
5147:
5021:from the original on 8 February 2023
4970:Roussineau, Gilles (15 March 1987).
4827:from the original on 1 November 2023
4583:
4568:
4550:from the original on 15 January 2023
4215:
4161:
3834:
3340:Vol. LIX (2007). Page 108, item 302.
3234:Phillips, Graham (12 October 2005).
3125:from the original on 5 November 2023
2975:. Collins Gem. HarperCollins. 2009.
1398:were included within the subsequent
341:The name Merlin is derived from the
5356:
5310:Merlin, the Prophet and his History
5168:
4219:Lancelot-Grail: The Story of Merlin
4002:. University of Wales Press. 2020.
3968:"Arthur and the Sword in the Stone"
3719:Goodrich, Peter H. (22 June 2004).
3105:Walter, Philippe (1 January 2015).
2965:
2935:. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. p. 1326.
2867:
2832:
2811:The History of the Kings of Britain
2779:, p.440. New York: Pantheon Books.
2627:Goodrich, Peter H. (15 June 2004).
1892:, which predates the later Vulgate
942:Giants help the young Merlin build
549:Stories and earliest known sources
24:
8126:People whose existence is disputed
7896:List of legendary kings of Britain
5099:from the original on 15 March 2023
5085:. University of California Press.
5060:from the original on 15 March 2023
5040:Haight, Gordon S. (18 June 1992).
4990:from the original on 15 March 2023
4904:
4754:Cooper, John P. D. (8 June 2003).
4503:Consoli, Joseph P. (4 July 2013).
4109:
3675:from the original on 16 March 2023
3452:from the original on 16 March 2023
3266:
3254:from the original on 16 March 2023
3016:from the original on 16 March 2023
2723:
2673:from the original on 15 March 2023
2647:from the original on 15 March 2023
2226:, a location under Tintagel Castle
1502:) in favor of portraying him as a
927:(the white dragon) and the native
858:in the 6th century. He roamed the
700:Merlin sets up the search for the
169:, others (depending on the source)
25:
8142:
5756:
5344:from the original on 1 March 2020
4795:"Folk-lore of West and Mid-Wales"
4584:Nutt, Alfred (13 February 2019).
4034:from the original on 19 June 2019
3978:from the original on 19 June 2019
3954:Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance
3928:from the original on 19 June 2019
2855:from the original on 29 June 2011
2047:
1871:Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance
7997:
7985:
6772:
6760:
6748:
5679:
5654:
5629:
5599:
5573:
5563:
5551:from the original on 2 June 2023
5522:
5480:
5422:
5389:
5377:from the original on 4 July 2019
5326:
5283:
5270:
5223:
5200:
5141:
5072:
4801:from the original on 3 June 2023
4774:from the original on 3 June 2023
4735:from the original on 5 June 2023
4604:from the original on 1 June 2023
3885:from the original on 4 June 2023
3855:from the original on 4 June 2023
3778:from the original on 21 May 2023
3739:from the original on 21 May 2023
3471:Goodrich, Peter H. (June 2004).
3350:Goodrich, Peter H. (June 2004).
3306:from the original on 2 June 2023
3164:from the original on 2 June 2023
3144:Markale, Jean (1 January 1985).
2913:from the original on 2 June 2023
2733:Goodrich, Peter H. (June 2004).
2569:
2563:Perceval, the Story of the Grail
2546:
2525:
2512:
2202:
1798:
1780:
1599:Perceval, the Story of the Grail
1549:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
1341:The extended prose rendering of
1318:
1298:
1176:
1148:
802:An older Merlin as portrayed in
795:
771:
562:Birth from a virgin and a demon
440:Myrdhinn, ou l'Enchanteur Merlin
403:is a euphony of the Celtic form
302:, born of a mortal woman and an
5708:
5668:from the original on 2023-12-21
5511:from the original on 2023-06-02
5469:from the original on 2023-06-05
5238:from the original on 2021-08-13
5151:Lancelot-Grail: Lancelot, pt. I
5033:
5002:
4963:
4950:
4869:
4839:
4821:"What are Merlin's Prophecies?"
4813:
4786:
4747:
4708:
4681:
4654:
4643:from the original on 2023-11-05
4616:
4577:
4562:
4523:
4496:
4469:
4458:from the original on 2022-04-14
4442:
4407:
4394:
4367:
4340:
4329:from the original on 2023-03-28
4305:Greene, Wendy Tibbetts (1987).
4298:
4273:
4262:from the original on 2023-11-05
4236:
4209:
4182:
4165:Lancelot-Grail: Lancelot, pt. I
4155:
4098:from the original on 2023-06-05
4071:
4060:from the original on 2021-09-10
4046:
4016:
3990:
3960:
3910:
3897:
3867:
3828:
3817:from the original on 2023-06-04
3790:
3751:
3712:
3660:
3633:
3609:
3596:
3544:
3533:from the original on 2023-11-05
3519:
3502:
3491:from the original on 2023-07-07
3464:
3426:
3406:Young, Francis (3 March 2022).
3399:
3388:from the original on 2020-03-31
3370:
3343:
3331:
3318:
3227:
3214:
3203:from the original on 2024-04-04
3176:
3137:
3098:
3077:
3062:
3028:
2989:
2925:
2895:
2766:
2712:from the original on 2024-04-04
2498:
2467:
2450:
2433:
2409:
2395:
2370:
2356:
2342:
2321:
2301:
1061:), who has become queen of the
624:takes on the appearance of the
491:) was derived from the toponym
457:(wonder) to mean 'wonder man'.
7967:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
6720:King Arthur's messianic return
4612:– via Project Gutenberg.
3951:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1927).
3671:. Early English Text Society.
3412:. Cambridge University Press.
3314:– via OpenEdition Books.
3289:Magie et illusion au Moyen Âge
3183:Berthet, Jean-Charles (1999).
2753:
2685:
2659:
2620:
2590:
2291:
2250:
2237:
1997:Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain
1554:Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland
513:proposed a similar etymology:
377:to avoid a resemblance to the
13:
1:
8121:Male characters in television
8116:Male characters in literature
5529:Zussa, Gaëlle (1 June 2009).
4661:Calkin, Siobhain Bly (2013).
4569:Boyd, James (15 April 1936).
4195:. Stanford University Press.
3758:Markale, Jean (1 June 1995).
3646:. University of Wales Press.
3615:Gough-Cooper, Henry (2012). "
3606:, Cengage Gale, 1994, p. 115.
3557:. University of Wales Press.
3512:The Rose, or Affection's Gift
3074:, Errance, Paris (in French).
2955:, 2004. Thames & Hudson.
2583:
2541:The Shriek of the Sage Merlin
2026:, Scotland. The 15th-century
2007:, known in medieval times as
1979:tradition, Merlin retires to
1545:Expositio Sybillae et Merlini
1359:), also known as the Vulgate
1092:living in southern Scotland.
8056:Fiction about the Antichrist
5154:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
4222:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
4189:Guerin, M. Victoria (1995).
3957:. Columbia University Press.
2692:Whetter, Kevin Sean (2017).
1951:Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard
1387:from before the marriage to
1187:. Merlin is often linked to
1121:The Black Book of Carmarthen
1041:are the same as told in the
739:Entrapment of Merlin by the
7:
7961:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
7261:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
5801:of the "Merlin" episode of
5715:Goodrich, Peter H. (2004).
5186:. Oxford University Press.
5009:Mangle, Josh (1 May 2018).
4536:. Oxford University Press.
2195:
2169:series of UK postage stamps
2109:Battle of St. George's Caye
1947:Bradamante at Merlin's Tomb
1606:towards the Grail Castle.
1375:lands) and 'Ireland' (i.e.
345:name of the legendary bard
10:
8147:
7951:Treason of the Long Knives
6715:Historicity of King Arthur
4479:Gender in Medieval Culture
3630:, Issue 15 (October 2012).
3068:Delamarre, Xavier (2021),
2051:
1906:Knights of the Round Table
1712:
1576:, in the section based on
1522:, never to be seen again.
763:Historicity of King Arthur
760:
706:Knights of the Round Table
413:Merlin's Irish counterpart
363:in his works. Medievalist
40:
30:For the bird species, see
29:
7981:
7839:
7826:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
6913:
6864:
6846:Historia Regum Britanniae
6827:
6743:
6687:
6659:
6550:
6509:
6473:
6195:
6060:
5942:
5772:, Camelot Project at the
5429:Doherty, John J. (1999).
5180:Griffin, Miranda (2015).
5107:– via Google Books.
5068:– via Google Books.
4998:– via Google Books.
4809:– via Google Books.
4782:– via Google Books.
4704:– via Google Books.
4590:. The Folk-Lore Society.
4519:– via Google Books.
4482:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4311:Arthurian Interpretations
3786:– via Google Books.
3747:– via Google Books.
3698:. Yale University Press.
3683:– via Google Books.
3656:– via Google Books.
3578:Tolstoy, Nikolai (1985).
3460:– via Google Books.
3262:– via Google Books.
3172:– via Google Books.
3133:– via Google Books.
3024:– via Google Books.
2848:Oxford English Dictionary
2681:– via Google Books.
2655:– via Google Books.
2067:character." According to
1787:Edward Burne-Jones' 1861
1578:Albrecht von Scharfenberg
1511:(also known as the Didot
1428:Massacre of the Innocents
1043:Historia Regum Britanniae
959:Historia Regum Britanniae
902:Historia Regum Britanniae
639:Historia Regum Britanniae
615:Historia Regum Britanniae
567:Historia Regum Britanniae
543:
459:
421:may be a combination of *
373:rather than the expected
327:
215:
205:
183:
173:
146:
136:
131:
117:
107:
95:
70:
58:
53:
7941:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
5879:Of Arthour and of Merlin
5866:Of Arthour and of Merlin
5487:Goodrich, Peter (1992).
5338:The Northern Antiquarian
5207:Bogdanow, Fanni (1966).
5148:Lacy, Norris J. (2010).
4629:. Boydell & Brewer.
4374:Cartlidge, Neil (2012).
4216:Lacy, Norris J. (2010).
4168:. Boydell & Brewer.
4162:Lacy, Norris J. (2010).
3761:Merlin: Priest of Nature
3509:Marshall, Emily (1848).
2878:Merlin: Priest of Nature
2698:. Boydell & Brewer.
2537:Baladro del sabio Merlin
2230:
2150:, the literary magazine
2054:Fiction featuring Merlin
1612:Of Arthour and of Merlin
1586:Les Fils du Roi Constant
1562:Caesarius of Heisterbach
1420:self-fulfilling prophecy
933:Historia Regum Britanniæ
757:Geoffrey and his sources
554:Selected Merlin episodes
8111:Male characters in film
8081:Fictional shapeshifters
7076:Camber (legendary king)
6986:Augustine of Canterbury
6355:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
5852:University of Rochester
5774:University of Rochester
5692:National History Museum
5308:Ashe, Geoffrey (2008).
4973:Le roman de Perceforest
4626:The Legend of the Grail
3838:Celtic Culture: A-Celti
3326:The Discovery of Arthur
2552:In the Italian romance
2335:-associated "enchanted
2146:, the handheld console
1725:The Beguiling of Merlin
557:Earliest known sources
383:
347:
317:
132:In-universe information
43:Merlyn (disambiguation)
36:Merlin (disambiguation)
8101:Legendary Welsh people
7885:Gesta Regum Britanniae
7676:Quintus Laberius Durus
7671:Publius Septimius Geta
6624:Land/Castle of Maidens
5884:Phillip Walter (ed.),
5258:Cite journal requires
5230:Larrington, Carolyne.
4623:Bryant, Nigel (2004).
3797:Johnson, F.F. (2012).
3764:. Simon and Schuster.
3240:. Simon and Schuster.
3070:
2763:. 21. (2004): 115–136.
2142:, the British company
2111:
2094:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1971:and the local lore of
1962:
1954:
1810:Romance of King Arthur
1737:
1690:, and the male wizard
1491:
1212:epic poem inspired by
1100:A late version of the
1085:
962:
493:
478:
453:
439:
433:
427:
395:
389:
369:
359:
338:
253:
245:
237:
34:. For other uses, see
27:Legendary Welsh wizard
8061:Fictional half-demons
8046:Fictional astronomers
7621:Oswald of Northumbria
7166:Constantine the Great
5447:10.1353/art.1999.0063
5123:Sydney Morning Herald
4928:10.1353/art.2000.0035
4715:Thornton, T. (2006).
4347:Dover, Carol (2003).
4133:10.1353/art.2000.0029
3918:"The Birth of Merlin"
3378:"Building Stonehenge"
2773:Katharine Mary Briggs
2276:used, in addition to
2144:Merlin Entertainments
2099:
2089:
2069:Stephen Thomas Knight
2052:Further information:
1945:
1812:(1917) abridged from
1722:
1709:Tales of Merlin's end
1484:Merlin, the Enchanter
1482:
1140:Romance reimagination
1124:, which was dated by
1079:
941:
823:Merlinus Caledonensis
325:
8131:Supernatural legends
8031:Arthurian characters
7626:Oswiu of Northumbria
7451:Julius Asclepiodotus
7376:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
7251:Edwin of Northumbria
7176:Constantine (Briton)
7046:Budic II of Brittany
7021:Bledric ap Custennin
6946:Ambrosius Aurelianus
6821:Geoffrey of Monmouth
6390:Lynette and Lyonesse
6215:Angharad Golden-Hand
6037:Ambrosius Aurelianus
5119:"The enchanted wood"
4078:Griffin, M. (2015).
3604:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3580:The Quest for Merlin
2880:. Inner Traditions.
2814:. Penguin Classics.
2802:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2761:Arthurian Literature
2518:In the Post-Vulgate
2506:Prophéties de Merlin
1918:Prophéties de Merlin
1867:Roger Sherman Loomis
1808:'s illustration for
1694:in the Post-Vulgate
1676:Prophéties de Merlin
1652:King Arthur's return
1644:Henry VII of England
1594:La Storia di Merlino
1590:Pandragus et Libanor
1566:Dialogus Miraculorum
1533:Prophéties de Merlin
1402:as the Post-Vulgate
1277:sword from the stone
1051:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
889:Ambrosius Aurelianus
856:wild man of the wood
683:Arthur is warned of
484:Welsh pronunciation:
425:(mad) and the Welsh
355:Geoffrey of Monmouth
266:Geoffrey of Monmouth
260:and best known as a
126:Ambrosius Aurelianus
112:Geoffrey of Monmouth
84:'s illustration for
78:The Enchanter Merlin
8106:Literary archetypes
8066:Fictional humanoids
7852:Battle of Arfderydd
7731:Silvius (mythology)
7431:Ingenius of Britain
7316:Gogmagog (folklore)
7186:Cordelia of Britain
7181:Constantius Chlorus
7071:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
5811:Merlin — The Legend
5371:d.lib.rochester.edu
4760:. Clarendon Press.
4294:– via PubMed.
3835:Koch, J.T. (2006).
3582:. Hamish Hamilton.
3529:. 17 October 2020.
2890:Merlin L'Enchanteur
2602:d.lib.rochester.edu
2382:Joseph d'Arathmetia
2081:tradition sylvestre
1696:Merlin Continuation
1688:Historia di Merlino
1547:, directed against
1528:Le Roman de Silence
1285:Merlin Continuation
1108:battle of Arfderydd
917:King of the Britons
839:Myrddin map Morfryn
671:King of the Britons
550:
334:Nuremberg Chronicle
201:(romance tradition)
48:Fictional character
8071:Fictional prophets
7831:Œthelwald of Deira
7821:Æthelberht of Kent
7811:Wulfhere of Mercia
7751:Son of Gorbonianus
7656:Pir of the Britons
7606:Nennius of Britain
7341:Gracianus Municeps
7231:Dunvallo Molmutius
7036:Brutus Greenshield
6838:Prophetiae Merlini
6779:History portal
6767:England portal
6735:Tristan and Iseult
6730:Knight of the Swan
6330:Guiron le Courtois
6290:Elaine of Corbenic
6220:Anguish of Ireland
5892:2023-10-07 at the
5872:2021-11-06 at the
5846:2004-04-06 at the
5835:2004-03-04 at the
5817:2023-05-20 at the
5797:2018-11-09 at the
5785:2011-01-09 at the
5768:2010-08-27 at the
5717:Merlin: A Casebook
5583:. 4 October 2020.
5518:– via JSTOR.
5476:– via JSTOR.
5278:Merlin: A Casebook
4976:. Librairie Droz.
4958:Merlin: A Casebook
3722:Merlin: A Casebook
3622:2013-05-15 at the
3474:Merlin: A Casebook
3353:Merlin: A Casebook
3328:, Owl Books, 1987.
3150:. Editions Imago.
3111:. Editions Imago.
2736:Merlin: A Casebook
2630:Merlin: A Casebook
2489:Tristan and Iseult
2112:
2085:Merlin: A Casebook
1955:
1904:(one of the early
1738:
1730:Edward Burne-Jones
1621:Kingdom of England
1574:Buch der Abenteuer
1492:
1475:Later developments
1400:Post-Vulgate Cycle
1086:
1010:Prophetiae Merlini
967:Historia Brittonum
963:
908:Historia Brittonum
869:Prophetiae Merlini
785:Prophetiae Merlini
692:Post-Vulgate Cycle
600:Historia Brittonum
548:
467:Merlin's Enclosure
339:
289:Merlinus Ambrosius
101:Prophetiae Merlini
8086:Fictional wizards
8013:
8012:
7911:Matter of Britain
7873:Brut y Tywysogion
7867:Battle of Guoloph
7862:Battle of Camlann
7726:Septimius Severus
7691:Regan (King Lear)
7561:Marius of Britain
7511:Lucius of Britain
7401:Hengist and Horsa
6936:Alhfrith of Deira
6890:Brut y Brenhinedd
6787:
6786:
6700:Battle of Camlann
6474:Animal characters
6430:Percival's sister
6280:Elaine of Astolat
5936:Matter of Britain
5748:978-1-85109-440-0
5726:978-1-135-58340-8
5544:10.4000/peme.2803
5499:(1 (17)): 42–73.
5319:978-0-7509-4149-5
5193:978-0-19-968698-8
5161:978-1-84384-226-2
5125:. 26 March 2005.
4767:978-0-19-926387-5
4728:978-1-84383-259-1
4674:978-1-135-47171-2
4543:978-0-19-109148-3
4489:978-1-4411-8694-2
4387:978-1-84384-304-7
4360:978-0-85991-783-4
4229:978-1-84384-234-7
4202:978-0-8047-2290-2
4091:978-0-19-968698-8
4009:978-1-78683-743-1
3848:978-1-85109-440-0
3810:978-0-7864-9234-3
3602:Curley, Michael,
3564:978-1-78683-344-0
3484:978-1-135-58340-8
3196:978-2-84310-018-5
2982:978-0-00-728959-2
2886:978-0-89281-517-3
2825:978-0-14-044170-3
2705:978-1-84384-453-2
2456:As summarized by
2333:Celtic Otherworld
2280:, also the forms
2274:Le Morte d'Arthur
2268:, and the Breton
2156:, the metal band
2042:Thomas the Rhymer
2001:Marlborough Mound
1900:, the young King
1855:Lancelot's father
1851:Le Morte d'Arthur
1843:Le Morte d'Arthur
1824:
1818:Alfred W. Pollard
1814:Le Morte d'Arthur
1678:, he also tutors
1656:Wars of the Roses
1636:Agrippa d'Aubigné
1509:Perceval en prose
1452:Le Morte d'Arthur
1353:Estoire de Merlin
1332:Le Morte d'Arthur
1243:Harrowing of Hell
1233:As in Geoffrey's
1228:chivalric romance
1167:demonic parentage
860:Caledonian Forest
827:Merlin Sylvestris
754:
753:
669:to the throne of
488:[ˈmərðin]
437:, myriad. In his
227:
226:
62:Matter of Britain
16:(Redirected from
8138:
8041:English folklore
8004:Wikisource texts
8001:
7989:
7988:
7973:Walter of Oxford
7711:Rud Hud Hudibras
7686:Redon of Britain
7446:Julius and Aaron
7391:Helena (empress)
7366:Gurguit Barbtruc
6991:Aurelius Conanus
6814:
6807:
6800:
6791:
6790:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6755:Wales portal
6753:
6752:
6751:
6614:Esplumoir Merlin
6420:Nine sorceresses
6400:Mark of Cornwall
6285:Elaine of Benoic
6197:Other characters
6082:Bors the Younger
5977:Elaine of Garlot
5925:
5918:
5911:
5902:
5901:
5752:
5730:
5702:
5701:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5639:. Archived from
5633:
5627:
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5624:
5622:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5577:
5571:
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5415:
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5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5340:. 10 June 2010.
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3424:
3423:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3382:English Heritage
3374:
3368:
3367:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3324:Ashe, Geoffrey.
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3283:
3264:
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3102:
3096:
3083:Claude Sterckx,
3081:
3075:
3073:
3066:
3060:
3053:
3044:
3040:Hibbert Lectures
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2973:Welsh Dictionary
2969:
2963:
2951:Dames, Michael.
2949:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2909:. 6 April 2011.
2899:
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2399:
2393:
2388:continuation of
2374:
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2340:
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2254:
2248:
2241:
2212:
2210:Mythology portal
2207:
2206:
2205:
2124:J. R. R. Tolkien
2058:Merlin in comics
1884:continuation of
1822:
1802:
1789:Merlin and Nimue
1784:
1715:Lady of the Lake
1572:'s 15th-century
1541:Joachim of Fiore
1416:Lady of the Lake
1322:
1302:
1255:
1180:
1152:
1112:Annales Cambriae
1103:Annales Cambriae
991:South West Wales
895:, also known as
804:Alfonso the Wise
799:
775:
722:
626:Duke of Cornwall
608:Construction of
551:
547:
496:
490:
485:
481:
464:
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442:
436:
430:
398:
392:
386:
372:
362:
352:
331:(Merlin) in the
330:
329:
312:Lady of the Lake
283:, two legendary
223:", British woods
221:Esplumoir Merlin
191:Lady of the Lake
187:
96:First appearance
75:
64:
51:
50:
21:
8146:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8009:
7977:
7857:Battle of Badon
7835:
7781:Uther Pendragon
7641:Penda of Mercia
7631:Owain mab Urien
7531:Maelgwn Gwynedd
7521:Lud son of Heli
7516:Lucius Tiberius
7496:Leir of Britain
7441:Jago of Britain
7386:Queen Gwendolen
7311:Goffar the Pict
7086:Capetus Silvius
6909:
6860:
6823:
6818:
6788:
6783:
6773:
6771:
6761:
6759:
6749:
6747:
6739:
6705:Dolorous Stroke
6695:Battle of Badon
6683:
6655:
6649:Tintagel Castle
6604:Chapel perilous
6582:Val sans retour
6570:Glastonbury Tor
6546:
6505:
6469:
6320:Green Knight(s)
6245:Black Knight(s)
6230:Balin and Balan
6191:
6063:
6056:
6042:Uther Pendragon
5938:
5929:
5894:Wayback Machine
5874:Wayback Machine
5848:Wayback Machine
5837:Wayback Machine
5819:Wayback Machine
5799:Wayback Machine
5787:Wayback Machine
5770:Wayback Machine
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5015:Graduate Theses
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5003:
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4991:
4984:
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4964:
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4951:
4912:
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4874:
4870:
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4858:
4845:
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4828:
4823:. 9 June 2021.
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3624:Wayback Machine
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2201:
2198:
2060:
2050:
1927:section of the
1914:Tale of the Cry
1910:Conte del Brait
1898:Suite de Merlin
1863:Paimpont forest
1829:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1717:
1711:
1477:
1404:Suite du Merlin
1357:Story of Merlin
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1289:Suite du Merlin
1249:
1200:Robert de Boron
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1153:
1142:
1126:Rachel Bromwich
1094:Nikolai Tolstoy
1018:Tintagel Castle
971:Uther Pendragon
815:North Brythonic
811:
810:
809:
808:
807:
800:
791:
790:
789:
776:
765:
759:
716:
622:Uther Pendragon
546:
538:Martin of Tours
483:
320:
270:Robert de Boron
185:
91:
60:
49:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Merlin (wizard)
15:
12:
11:
5:
8144:
8134:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
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8078:
8076:Fictional owls
8073:
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8010:
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7958:
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7916:Molmutine Laws
7913:
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7721:Sawyl Penuchel
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7696:Rhydderch Hael
7693:
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7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7536:Magnus Maximus
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7411:Humber the Hun
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7156:Conan Meriadoc
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7111:Cassivellaunus
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7081:Cap of Britain
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7051:Cadfan ap Iago
7048:
7043:
7041:Brutus of Troy
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6850:
6842:
6833:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6817:
6816:
6809:
6802:
6794:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6769:
6757:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6562:
6556:
6554:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6542:Siege Perilous
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6496:Questing Beast
6493:
6488:
6483:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6305:Fisher King(s)
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6255:Bors the Elder
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6062:Knights of the
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5928:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5882:
5862:
5856:Vulgate Merlin
5822:
5807:
5792:BBC audio file
5789:
5777:
5758:
5757:External links
5755:
5754:
5753:
5747:
5731:
5725:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5678:
5653:
5628:
5598:
5572:
5562:
5521:
5479:
5421:
5407:
5388:
5355:
5325:
5318:
5297:
5282:
5269:
5260:|journal=
5222:
5199:
5192:
5167:
5160:
5140:
5110:
5091:
5071:
5052:
5032:
5001:
4982:
4962:
4949:
4903:
4868:
4838:
4812:
4785:
4766:
4746:
4727:
4707:
4700:
4680:
4673:
4653:
4635:
4615:
4596:
4576:
4561:
4542:
4522:
4515:
4495:
4488:
4468:
4441:
4406:
4402:Celtic Culture
4393:
4386:
4366:
4359:
4339:
4297:
4272:
4254:
4235:
4228:
4208:
4201:
4181:
4174:
4154:
4108:
4090:
4070:
4045:
4024:"Prose Merlin"
4015:
4008:
3989:
3959:
3939:
3909:
3896:
3879:BnF Essentiels
3866:
3847:
3827:
3809:
3789:
3770:
3750:
3731:
3711:
3705:978-0300253085
3704:
3686:
3659:
3652:
3632:
3628:The Heroic Age
3608:
3595:
3588:
3570:
3563:
3543:
3518:
3501:
3483:
3463:
3444:
3425:
3418:
3398:
3369:
3362:
3342:
3330:
3317:
3298:
3265:
3246:
3226:
3213:
3195:
3175:
3156:
3136:
3117:
3097:
3076:
3061:
3057:Celtic Culture
3045:
3027:
3008:
2988:
2981:
2964:
2937:
2924:
2894:
2888:. (Originally
2866:
2831:
2824:
2788:
2765:
2752:
2745:
2722:
2704:
2684:
2658:
2639:
2619:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2554:Tavola Ritonda
2545:
2524:
2511:
2497:
2484:Tavola Ritonda
2466:
2458:Anne Berthelot
2449:
2432:
2428:Questing Beast
2408:
2394:
2386:Didot-Perceval
2369:
2364:Northumberland
2355:
2341:
2320:
2300:
2290:
2249:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2197:
2194:
2171:issued by the
2049:
2048:Modern culture
2046:
2029:Scotichronicon
2011:(the Abbot of
1981:Bardsey Island
1929:Livre du Graal
1925:Premiers Faits
1833:Lancelot-Grail
1806:Arthur Rackham
1804:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1757:William Caxton
1710:
1707:
1665:James VI and I
1648:House of Tudor
1570:Ulrich Füetrer
1476:
1473:
1348:Lancelot-Grail
1324:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1182:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1138:
929:Celtic Britons
911:attributed to
885:Romano-British
844:Buile Shuibhne
817:poet and seer
801:
794:
793:
792:
780:King Vortigern
777:
770:
769:
768:
767:
766:
758:
755:
752:
751:
750:(before 1235)
747:Lancelot-Grail
743:
736:
735:
729:
725:
724:
708:
697:
696:
688:
680:
679:
673:
659:
658:
649:
642:
641:
636:
618:
617:
612:
605:
604:
596:
589:
588:
579:
572:
571:
563:
559:
558:
555:
545:
542:
509:, 'sea fort'.
445:La Villemarqué
319:
316:
225:
224:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
188:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
97:
93:
92:
76:
68:
67:
56:
55:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8143:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7996:
7994:
7993:
7984:
7983:
7980:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7746:Sisillius III
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7601:Myrddin Wyllt
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7456:Julius Caesar
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7246:Edern ap Nudd
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6875:Roman de Brut
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6815:
6810:
6808:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6780:
6770:
6768:
6758:
6756:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6672:List of works
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6455:Tegau Eurfron
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6435:Red Knight(s)
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Lady Bertilak
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6027:Morgan le Fay
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5941:
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5808:
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5781:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5767:
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5761:
5760:
5750:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5735:Koch, John T.
5732:
5728:
5722:
5719:. Routledge.
5718:
5713:
5712:
5699:
5695:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5643:on 2023-09-27
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5408:9781501732928
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5092:9780520031364
5088:
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5053:9781349126507
5049:
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5016:
5012:
5005:
4989:
4985:
4983:9782600026116
4979:
4975:
4974:
4966:
4960:, p. 149–150.
4959:
4953:
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4908:
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4851:rochester.edu
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4720:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4701:9781317656890
4697:
4694:. Routledge.
4693:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4670:
4667:. Routledge.
4666:
4665:
4657:
4642:
4638:
4636:9781843840060
4632:
4628:
4627:
4619:
4603:
4599:
4597:9783749406272
4593:
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4565:
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4545:
4539:
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4534:
4526:
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4516:9781136511059
4512:
4509:. Routledge.
4508:
4507:
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4491:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4472:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4422:(1): 85–103.
4421:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4389:
4383:
4380:. DS Brewer.
4379:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4353:. DS Brewer.
4352:
4351:
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4328:
4324:
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4255:9780486452791
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4175:9781843842262
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3900:
3884:
3881:(in French).
3880:
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3806:
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3771:9781620554500
3767:
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3732:9781135583408
3728:
3725:. Routledge.
3724:
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3653:9781783161461
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3522:
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3486:
3480:
3477:. Routledge.
3476:
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3451:
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3445:9781786837349
3441:
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3429:
3421:
3419:9781316512401
3415:
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3356:. Routledge.
3355:
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3299:9782821836143
3295:
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3118:9782849528501
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3093:2-87285-050-3
3090:
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3058:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3015:
3011:
3009:9780404502232
3005:
3002:. AMS Press.
3001:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2978:
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2961:0-500-28496-2
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2816:Penguin Books
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2785:0-394-73467-X
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2746:9781135583408
2742:
2739:. Routledge.
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2672:
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2640:9781135583408
2636:
2633:. Routledge.
2632:
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2445:Julius Caesar
2442:
2441:Livre d'Artus
2436:
2429:
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2309:Preseli Hills
2304:
2294:
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2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2236:
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2224:Merlin's Cave
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2174:
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2165:
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2137:
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2132:J. K. Rowling
2129:
2125:
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2117:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2098:
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2065:
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2031:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:Livre d'Artus
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1836:Post-Vulgate
1834:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1790:
1783:
1774:
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1716:
1706:
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1703:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:Morgan le Fay
1668:
1666:
1661:
1660:Owain Glyndŵr
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1632:
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1534:
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1523:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1500:Livre d'Artus
1497:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:Thomas Malory
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:or the Prose
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1327:Thomas Malory
1321:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:Roman de Brut
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1151:
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1123:
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1117:
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1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
992:
988:
984:
983:King of Dyfed
980:
976:
972:
968:
961:
960:
955:
954:
953:Roman de Brut
949:
945:
940:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
897:Myrddin Emrys
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
870:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:Myrddin Wyllt
816:
805:
798:
787:
786:
781:
774:
764:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:fairy Viviane
738:
737:
734:
730:
727:
726:
723:(after 1200)
720:
715:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:
694:
693:
689:
686:
682:
681:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
661:
660:
657:(after 1200)
656:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:
640:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:
619:
616:
613:
611:
607:
606:
602:
601:
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586:
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569:
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561:
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553:
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541:
539:
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531:
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516:
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500:
495:
489:
480:
474:
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468:
462:
455:
450:
446:
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429:
424:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
391:
385:
380:
376:
371:
366:
361:
357:Latinised to
356:
351:
350:
344:
336:
335:
324:
315:
313:
309:
308:shapeshifting
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
222:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:Morgan le Fay
192:
189:
182:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
130:
127:
123:
122:Myrddin Wyllt
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:
98:
94:
89:
88:
83:
79:
74:
69:
65:
63:
57:
52:
44:
37:
33:
32:Merlin (bird)
19:
8003:
7991:
7965:
7936:River Malvam
7883:
7871:
7741:Sisillius II
7611:Octa of Kent
7575:
7546:Queen Marcia
7541:Mandubracius
7416:Iago ap Beli
6902:
6895:
6888:
6882:
6873:
6866:Translations
6854:Vita Merlini
6852:
6844:
6836:
6710:Loathly lady
6667:Bibliography
6501:Twrch Trwyth
6409:
6250:Blanchefleur
5885:
5878:
5865:
5859:
5855:
5830:Introduction
5825:
5810:
5802:
5741:. ABC-CLIO.
5738:
5716:
5709:Bibliography
5690:
5681:
5670:. Retrieved
5662:"Trilobites"
5656:
5645:. Retrieved
5641:the original
5631:
5621:22 September
5619:. Retrieved
5611:The Guardian
5610:
5601:
5589:. Retrieved
5575:
5565:
5553:. Retrieved
5534:
5524:
5513:. Retrieved
5496:
5492:
5482:
5471:. Retrieved
5441:(1): 57–66.
5438:
5434:
5424:
5412:. Retrieved
5397:
5391:
5379:. Retrieved
5370:
5346:. Retrieved
5337:
5328:
5309:
5285:
5277:
5272:
5251:cite journal
5240:. Retrieved
5225:
5210:
5202:
5182:
5150:
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5122:
5113:
5101:. Retrieved
5081:
5074:
5062:. Retrieved
5046:. Springer.
5042:
5035:
5023:. Retrieved
5014:
5004:
4992:. Retrieved
4972:
4965:
4957:
4952:
4922:(1): 82–93.
4919:
4915:
4884:(1): 55–81.
4881:
4877:
4871:
4859:. Retrieved
4850:
4841:
4831:17 September
4829:. Retrieved
4815:
4803:. Retrieved
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4756:
4749:
4737:. Retrieved
4717:
4710:
4690:
4683:
4663:
4656:
4645:. Retrieved
4625:
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4586:
4579:
4564:
4552:. Retrieved
4532:
4525:
4505:
4498:
4478:
4471:
4460:. Retrieved
4450:
4444:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4401:
4396:
4376:
4369:
4349:
4342:
4331:. Retrieved
4317:(2): 56–63.
4314:
4310:
4300:
4282:
4275:
4264:. Retrieved
4244:
4238:
4218:
4211:
4191:
4184:
4164:
4157:
4127:(1): 55–81.
4124:
4120:
4100:. Retrieved
4080:
4073:
4062:. Retrieved
4048:
4036:. Retrieved
4027:
4018:
3998:
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3952:
3930:. Retrieved
3921:
3912:
3905:Mediaevistik
3904:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3878:
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3837:
3830:
3819:. Retrieved
3799:
3792:
3780:. Retrieved
3760:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3721:
3714:
3695:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3662:
3642:
3635:
3627:
3611:
3603:
3598:
3579:
3573:
3553:
3546:
3535:. Retrieved
3521:
3511:
3504:
3493:. Retrieved
3473:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3434:
3428:
3408:
3401:
3390:. Retrieved
3381:
3372:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3288:
3256:. Retrieved
3236:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3205:. Retrieved
3185:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3146:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3107:
3100:
3084:
3079:
3064:
3056:
3038:
3030:
3018:. Retrieved
2998:
2991:
2972:
2967:
2952:
2932:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2906:
2897:
2889:
2877:
2857:. Retrieved
2846:
2810:
2806:Lewis Thorpe
2776:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2735:
2714:. Retrieved
2694:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2629:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2601:
2592:
2571:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2505:
2500:
2482:
2473:The Italian
2469:
2461:
2452:
2440:
2435:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2358:
2350:
2344:
2323:
2314:
2303:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:, the Welsh
2257:
2252:
2239:
2180:
2163:
2151:
2120:wise old man
2113:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2061:
2034:triple-death
2027:
2017:
2008:
1973:Merlin's Oak
1966:
1963:Bryn Myrddin
1956:
1946:
1937:Vita Merlini
1936:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1813:
1809:
1788:
1768:
1764:
1753:
1748:
1743:femme fatale
1741:
1739:
1723:
1701:
1695:
1687:
1675:
1669:
1640:
1628:
1610:
1608:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1537:Il Novellino
1536:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1467:
1456:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1407:
1406:or the Huth
1403:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1308:
1288:
1284:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1203:
1197:
1161:
1156:Jean Colombe
1130:Vita Merlini
1129:
1119:
1116:Vita Merlini
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1042:
1039:Vita Merlini
1038:
1034:Vita Merlini
1032:
1030:
1026:Lewis Thorpe
1009:
1006:
996:
966:
964:
957:
951:
932:
906:
900:
896:
893:Emrys Wledig
892:
891:(Welsh name
880:
874:
867:
853:
848:
842:
838:
834:
826:
822:
812:
783:
745:
732:
712:
704:by Arthur's
690:
676:
667:divine right
653:
638:
614:
598:
583:
565:
529:
526:Jean Markale
523:
514:
511:Eric P. Hamp
506:
475:
471:Welsh Triads
466:
461:Clas Myrddin
448:
422:
418:
417:
408:
404:
400:
387:(from Latin
379:Anglo-Norman
374:
365:Gaston Paris
340:
332:
297:
288:
274:
229:
228:
184:Significant
99:
85:
77:
59:
7956:Trinovantum
7806:Vortiporius
7761:Tasciovanus
7736:Sisillius I
7556:Marganus II
7331:Gorbonianus
7211:Saint David
6971:King Arthur
6926:Saint Alban
6904:Merlínússpá
6897:Breta sögur
6619:Joyous Gard
6577:Brocéliande
6537:Round Table
6365:Leodegrance
6335:Gwenhwyfach
6064:Round Table
5962:Constantine
5932:King Arthur
5804:In Our Time
4721:. Boydell.
4416:Medium Ævum
2218:Garab Dorje
2140:2598 Merlin
2064:Renaissance
2020:River Tweed
2013:Cirencester
2009:Merlebergia
1991:) with the
1977:North Welsh
1875:Île de Sein
1859:Brocéliande
1770:Perceforest
1630:Sir Gowther
1488:Louis Rhead
1466:non-cyclic
1281:Round Table
1250: [
921:Dinas Emrys
887:war leader
864:Saint Mungo
717: [
647:Round Table
524:Folklorist
494:Caerfyrddin
258:King Arthur
82:Howard Pyle
8091:Holy Grail
8020:Categories
7566:Mempricius
7371:Gurgustius
7361:Gurgintius
7221:Diocletian
7216:Digueillus
7201:Cunobeline
7196:Cunedagius
7001:Beldgabred
6976:Arvirargus
6951:Amphibalus
6931:Albanactus
6914:Characters
6881:Layamon's
6522:Holy Grail
6491:Petitcrieu
6072:Bagdemagus
5672:2023-10-22
5647:2023-09-27
5515:2023-06-02
5473:2023-06-08
5435:Arthuriana
5312:. Sutton.
5276:Goodrich,
5242:2018-07-03
4956:Goodrich,
4916:Arthuriana
4878:Arthuriana
4647:2023-06-27
4554:16 January
4462:2022-04-14
4404:, p. 1325.
4333:2023-03-28
4266:2023-04-08
4121:Arthuriana
4102:2023-06-05
4064:2021-09-11
3907:11 (1998).
3821:2023-06-04
3537:2023-10-11
3495:2023-07-07
3392:2020-01-12
3363:1135583390
3207:2024-04-04
3035:Rhys, John
2716:2024-04-04
2584:References
2337:white stag
2313:Layamon's
2187:Ordovician
2177:Royal Mint
2173:Royal Mail
2136:Dumbledore
2114:Since the
2024:Drumelzier
1985:Ynys Enlli
1968:Black Book
1902:Bagdemagus
1713:See also:
1414:through a
1262:Holy Grail
1258:shapeshift
1239:Antichrist
1210:Old French
1014:Stonehenge
989:, today's
944:Stonehenge
761:See also:
702:Holy Grail
695:(c. 1235)
610:Stonehenge
587:(c. 1200)
577:Antichrist
570:(c. 1136)
499:Carmarthen
147:Occupation
108:Created by
7992:Wikiquote
7931:Riothamus
7879:Excalibur
7796:Vortigern
7791:Vespasian
7681:Redechius
7666:Porrex II
7651:Peredurus
7636:Pandrasus
7381:Gwenddydd
7356:Guithelin
7351:Guinevere
7346:Guiderius
7296:Fulgenius
7286:Eudaf Hen
7281:Estrildis
7276:Enniaunus
7136:Cledaucus
7106:Carausius
7101:Caradocus
7096:Caracalla
7066:Cadwaladr
7006:Beli Mawr
6961:Archgallo
6956:Andragius
6857:(c. 1150)
6849:(c. 1136)
6841:(c. 1135)
6725:Pendragon
6517:Excalibur
6486:Gringolet
6460:Vortigern
6395:Maleagant
6370:Lohengrin
6265:Brunor(s)
6260:Brangaine
6182:Sagramore
6172:Pellinore
6162:Palamedes
6007:Guinevere
6002:Gingalain
5463:161452366
5280:, p. 168.
4944:162352301
4890:1078-6279
4149:161777117
3189:. ELLUG.
3095:), p. 44.
3059:, p. 321.
3043:. p. 168.
2892:, 1981.l)
2493:King Mark
2462:déchéance
2406:fragment.
2331:. As the
2329:Cernunnos
2190:trilobite
2179:in 2023.
2005:Wiltshire
1619:with the
1564:'s Latin
1519:esplumoir
1412:Excalibur
1389:Guinevere
1063:Cumbrians
1059:Gwenddydd
1055:Rhydderch
877:Old Welsh
663:Excalibur
603:(c. 828)
593:Vortigern
507:moridunon
503:Moridunum
375:*Merdinus
343:Brythonic
281:Ambrosius
206:Relatives
178:Gwendolen
66:character
7891:Lailoken
7801:Vortimer
7756:Taliesin
7661:Porrex I
7596:Morvidus
7591:Morgause
7571:Merianus
7551:Marganus
7506:King Lot
7501:Locrinus
7476:Kinarius
7471:Kimarcus
7326:Gorboduc
7306:Gerennus
7266:Elidurus
7236:Ebraucus
7226:Dionotus
7191:Corineus
7146:Coel Hen
7141:Clotenus
7131:Claudius
7121:Catigern
7116:Catellus
7031:Brennius
6996:Bedivere
6981:Ascanius
6966:Archmail
6941:Allectus
6660:In media
6644:Tintagel
6634:Lyonesse
6609:Corbenic
6599:Celliwig
6589:Caerleon
6450:Taliesin
6405:Meliodas
6340:Hellawes
6300:Feirefiz
6270:Catigern
6210:Agrestes
6177:Percival
6142:Lancelot
6122:Galehaut
6077:Bedivere
6032:Morgause
5952:Agravain
5934:and the
5890:Archived
5870:Archived
5844:Archived
5833:Archived
5815:Archived
5795:Archived
5783:Archived
5766:Archived
5737:(2006).
5698:Archived
5666:Archived
5615:Archived
5585:Archived
5549:Archived
5509:Archived
5505:43308138
5467:Archived
5455:27869422
5375:Archived
5342:Archived
5236:Archived
5127:Archived
5103:15 March
5097:Archived
5064:15 March
5058:Archived
5019:Archived
4994:15 March
4988:Archived
4936:27869522
4898:27869521
4855:Archived
4825:Archived
4799:Archived
4772:Archived
4733:Archived
4641:Archived
4602:Archived
4548:Archived
4456:Archived
4436:43632466
4327:Archived
4323:27868621
4292:30620517
4260:Archived
4141:27869521
4096:Archived
4058:Archived
4032:Archived
3976:Archived
3926:Archived
3883:Archived
3853:Archived
3815:Archived
3776:Archived
3737:Archived
3679:15 March
3673:Archived
3620:Archived
3531:Archived
3489:Archived
3456:16 March
3450:Archived
3386:Archived
3304:Archived
3258:16 March
3252:Archived
3201:Archived
3162:Archived
3123:Archived
3020:16 March
3014:Archived
2911:Archived
2907:Europe 1
2853:Archived
2851:. 2008.
2843:"Merlin"
2804:(1977).
2775:(1976).
2710:Archived
2677:15 March
2671:Archived
2651:15 March
2645:Archived
2606:Archived
2479:Meliodas
2196:See also
2182:Merlinia
2116:Romantic
1995:(Welsh:
1989:Tŷ Gwydr
1983:(Welsh:
1890:Lancelot
1763:(French
1734:Romantic
1698:and the
1625:Saracens
1604:Perceval
1580:'s lost
1568:(1220).
1513:Perceval
1468:Lancelot
1462:King Lot
1457:Lancelot
1369:Lancelot
1309:Lancelot
1235:Historia
1224:Historia
1082:The Rose
1067:Historia
1047:Taliesin
835:Laleocen
831:Lailoken
713:Perceval
519:Manannán
447:derived
443:(1862),
401:Merlinus
370:Merlinus
360:Merlinus
328:Merlinus
262:magician
155:magician
118:Based on
7926:Pridwen
7921:Nennius
7786:Venissa
7776:Urianus
7766:Trahern
7706:Rivallo
7646:Peredur
7586:Mordred
7486:Lavinia
7481:Latinus
7466:Keredic
7461:Sir Kay
7436:Innogen
7426:Igraine
7421:Idvallo
7396:Helenus
7336:Gorlois
7321:Goneril
7026:Bledudo
7011:Belinus
6594:Camelot
6560:Astolat
6532:Prydwen
6527:Pridwen
6510:Objects
6415:Nentres
6360:Laudine
6345:Hengist
6325:Guiomar
6315:Gorlois
6275:Claudas
6225:Annowre
6205:Accolon
6187:Tristan
6167:Pelleas
6157:Moriaen
6137:Lamorak
6132:Griflet
6127:Geraint
6117:Galahad
6112:Dinadan
6102:Dagonet
6097:Caradoc
6022:Mordred
6012:Igraine
5987:Gaheris
5967:Culhwch
5348:1 March
4038:19 June
3982:19 June
3932:19 June
2808:(ed.).
2612:27 June
2576:waves."
2558:Elergia
2475:Tristan
2439:In the
2423:Tristan
2286:Marylon
2282:Merlyon
2262:Merddyn
2245:Camelot
2128:Gandalf
2076:New Age
2038:Meldred
1838:Baladro
1702:Tristan
1617:Britain
1424:Mordred
1373:Pictish
1084:(1848)
1022:Igraine
987:Demetae
979:incubus
913:Nennius
881:Embreis
849:Sweeney
685:Mordred
634:Igraine
530:Myrddin
515:Morij:n
479:Myrddin
419:Myrddin
405:Myrddin
349:Myrddin
304:incubus
300:cambion
277:Myrddin
254:Merzhin
246:Merdhyn
242:Cornish
238:Myrddin
210:Ganieda
167:warrior
163:advisor
151:Prophet
141:Cambion
137:Species
8096:Incubi
8036:Druids
8026:Merlin
7906:Logres
7847:Avalon
7840:Topics
7771:Turnus
7701:Rience
7581:Millus
7576:Merlin
7526:Maddan
7301:Gawain
7291:Ferrex
7241:Edadus
7206:Danius
7151:Coilus
7126:Cherin
7091:Capoir
7016:Bladud
6921:Aeneas
6688:Topics
6677:comics
6639:Sarras
6629:Logres
6565:Avalon
6552:Places
6481:Cavall
6445:Sebile
6440:Rience
6410:Merlin
6385:Lunete
6380:Lucius
6350:Iseult
6152:Lionel
6147:Lanval
6107:Daniel
6092:Cligès
6087:Brunor
5997:Gawain
5992:Gareth
5944:Family
5860:Merlin
5826:Merlin
5824:Prose
5745:
5723:
5591:7 July
5555:2 June
5537:(33).
5503:
5461:
5453:
5414:5 June
5405:
5381:4 July
5316:
5190:
5158:
5133:7 July
5089:
5050:
5025:15 May
4980:
4942:
4934:
4896:
4888:
4805:3 June
4778:3 June
4764:
4739:5 June
4725:
4698:
4671:
4633:
4608:1 June
4594:
4540:
4513:
4486:
4434:
4400:Koch,
4384:
4357:
4321:
4290:
4252:
4226:
4199:
4172:
4147:
4139:
4088:
4006:
3889:5 June
3859:5 June
3845:
3807:
3782:21 May
3768:
3743:21 May
3729:
3702:
3650:
3586:
3561:
3481:
3442:
3416:
3360:
3310:2 June
3296:
3244:
3193:
3168:2 June
3154:
3129:8 June
3115:
3091:
3055:Koch,
3006:
2979:
2959:
2917:2 June
2884:
2859:7 June
2822:
2783:
2743:
2702:
2637:
2421:Prose
2417:Merlin
2404:Merlin
2390:Merlin
2378:Merlin
2278:Merlyn
2270:Marzin
2266:Myrdin
2258:Merlyn
2185:, the
2164:Merlin
2158:Merlin
2153:Merlin
2148:Merlin
2105:(1796)
2103:Merlin
1953:(1820)
1933:Gawain
1916:). In
1894:Merlin
1886:Merlin
1749:Merlin
1700:Prose
1684:Avalon
1680:Sebile
1582:Merlin
1531:. The
1504:wizard
1490:(1923)
1443:Merlin
1435:Merlin
1408:Merlin
1396:Merlin
1381:Merlin
1377:Argyll
1365:Merlin
1361:Merlin
1343:Merlin
1307:Prose
1272:Merlin
1268:Merlin
1247:Blaise
1205:Merlin
1162:Merlin
1160:Prose
1069:, his
1002:Conaan
995:Prose
975:consul
925:Saxons
733:Merlin
731:Prose
711:Prose
677:Merlin
675:Prose
654:Merlin
652:Prose
630:Arthur
584:Merlin
582:Verse
544:Legend
534:Martin
449:Marzin
409:merula
337:(1493)
285:Briton
250:Breton
230:Merlin
199:Sebile
174:Spouse
90:(1903)
54:Merlin
7816:Ywain
7616:Oenus
7271:Eliud
7256:Eldol
7061:Cador
7056:Cadoc
6829:Works
6465:Yniol
6425:Olwen
6310:Garel
6295:Enide
6052:Yvain
6047:Urien
5972:Ector
5957:Cador
5850:(the
5501:JSTOR
5459:S2CID
5451:JSTOR
4940:S2CID
4932:JSTOR
4894:JSTOR
4861:1 May
4432:JSTOR
4319:JSTOR
4145:S2CID
4137:JSTOR
2533:Conte
2520:Suite
2509:him."
2351:bleiz
2231:Notes
1975:. In
1959:Welsh
1761:fairy
1692:Mabon
1439:Suite
1433:Both
1385:Lohot
1254:]
1208:, an
1185:Ector
1134:Circe
1090:druid
721:]
632:with
434:myrdd
396:merle
390:merda
384:merde
381:word
353:that
293:Wales
234:Welsh
186:other
7716:Runo
7491:Leil
7406:Hoel
6883:Brut
5982:Hoel
5841:Text
5839:and
5743:ISBN
5721:ISBN
5694:cite
5623:2022
5593:2023
5557:2023
5416:2023
5403:ISBN
5383:2019
5350:2020
5314:ISBN
5264:help
5188:ISBN
5156:ISBN
5135:2018
5105:2023
5087:ISBN
5066:2023
5048:ISBN
5027:2019
4996:2023
4978:ISBN
4886:ISSN
4863:2018
4833:2023
4807:2023
4780:2023
4762:ISBN
4741:2023
4723:ISBN
4696:ISBN
4669:ISBN
4631:ISBN
4610:2023
4592:ISBN
4556:2023
4538:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4484:ISBN
4382:ISBN
4355:ISBN
4288:PMID
4250:ISBN
4224:ISBN
4197:ISBN
4170:ISBN
4086:ISBN
4040:2019
4004:ISBN
3984:2019
3934:2019
3891:2023
3861:2023
3843:ISBN
3805:ISBN
3784:2023
3766:ISBN
3745:2023
3727:ISBN
3700:ISBN
3681:2023
3648:ISBN
3584:ISBN
3559:ISBN
3479:ISBN
3458:2023
3440:ISBN
3414:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3312:2023
3294:ISBN
3260:2023
3242:ISBN
3191:ISBN
3170:2023
3152:ISBN
3131:2023
3113:ISBN
3089:ISBN
3022:2023
3004:ISBN
2977:ISBN
2957:ISBN
2919:2023
2882:ISBN
2861:2010
2820:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2700:ISBN
2679:2023
2653:2023
2635:ISBN
2614:2019
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1071:Vita
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851:).
454:marz
318:Name
279:and
216:Home
159:bard
124:and
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