97:". It was also argued that violence portrayed in the media could influence young African American men and actually raise the crime rate, so there was some action taken to try to reduce the crime and violence shown to the younger generation. When Midnight Basketball was discussed in the media in relation to the anti-crime bill, 98.2 percent of the time it was being shown negatively was when it was coming from an identifiable conservative-Republican. On the other hand, when a liberal-Democratic source discussed it, it was shown in a positive light 97.9 percent of the time. It was even referred to as social engineering by some Republican opponents. Midnight Basketball became the symbol of the overall anti-crime bill struggle. Specifically, it allowed racial issues to be explicitly talked about, and because Midnight Basketball was almost completely for crime prevention in minorities, it helped make young
59:
and uncontroversial piece of policy innovation. However, once
President Clinton's anti-crime bill was being debated about five years after the creation of Midnight Basketball, it became a highly contentious part of the bill. This was striking because the initiative only made up $ 50 million of the original $ 33 billion bill. Midnight Basketball's initiative was already racially coded, so when lawmakers were discussing whether it was a positive or negative part of this massive bill, it was part of a covert racial dialogue. It was argued that race was the key to midnight basketball's importance. The influence of the media associating crimes with African Americans actually made crime seem more dangerous, and there was more want for anti-crime programs.
42:
something. He opened
Glenarden Recreation Center, funded by both private donations and public funds. They ran during those specific hours, where young men could come and play basketball. It was run by volunteers and supervised by officers to make sure everything was alright. Even the officers complimented how well the programs were working and what a benefit it was to the community. Afterwards, participants would have to attend workshops that informed them about different necessities for living. It lowered crime rates in the area, and the programs were found to be incredibly helpful to the young men. Soon other communities saw the merit in the program and started to adopt Midnight Basketball themselves. It was later added to the
24:
immediately, thereafter, attending informative programs that gave them helpful skills for everyday life. It was a way for young men to form a sense of community, get out of a dangerous environment, and give them a sense of hope for the future. Midnight basketball helped decrease crime in the neighbourhoods where it was run, and it was a positive outlet for many young men. It helped many stay out of trouble and off the streets. By 2019, various cities in the United States brought back the program.
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122:, ex-convicts, and young males. The programs goals were to help young people get to a place where they would be self-sufficient and well-versed in how to act and live successfully, while staying away from violent or harmful situations. It helped many young men who went back to school, and got jobs, all while staying off the streets.
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that they wouldn't have gotten to experience on the streets. There are some people who believed that it would actually increase crime because it would bring at-risk people into a group together, and it might encourage gangs. However, this is not the case, and the program has been very successful, and
58:
pushed for an anti-crime bill that would lead to 100,000 more police officers as well as a number of programs intended to "deter crime where it starts" by providing "community activities like midnight basketball." At the time of its inception, despite being racially coded, it was a relatively unknown
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Empirically, a 2006 study of the 1990-1994 period during which rates of most crimes in the United States peaked, and when urban midnight basketball programs were initiated as a crime-prevention strategy, found that—while confounding factors were likely involved—property crime rates fell more rapidly
23:
by keeping urban youth off the streets and engaging them with alternatives to drugs and crime. It was founded by G. Van
Standifer in the late 1980s. Young people aged from 14 to 29, mostly men of various minority groups, could go and play basketball during the peak crime hours of 22:00 to 02:00,
183:
in cities that were early adopters of the original midnight basketball model than in other
American cities in the same period. It shows that there was a drop in crime rates in places where these programs were taking place. There was a 30% drop in crime in Glenarden, where the program began, and
41:
first came to
Washington. The program was started when Van Standifer noticed that the crime rates were incredibly high especially during the hours of 10 pm and 2 am. He observed that young men had nothing to do, as many did not have jobs, were living in poverty and could not always afford to do
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Either before or after participants would play in their basketball games, they would have to attend informal workshops or programs on different life skills. Programs would be aimed to provide assistance and advice to different groups of young people, mostly male
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The volunteers work hard to make sure they do everything they can to provide for the young men, and the programs have helped to give hope to its participants. It has also helped save many lives, and help them into a more successful environment.
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leagues had only 160 participants and there were still around 85,000 young adults across the city that were at risk, which made the statistics seem unrealistic. Participants were not at risk of committing a
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neighborhood 89 percent on nights when games are held." As well, "Murders, rapes, robberies and burglaries dropped to zero during the late-night games." The program helps show the young men a sense of
763:
Hartmann, Douglas; Depro, Brooks (May 2006). "Rethinking Sports-Based
Community Crime Prevention: A Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship Between Midnight Basketball and Urban Crime Rates".
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Midnight
Basketball and the 1994 Crime Bill Debates: The Operation of a Racial Code Darren Wheelock and Douglas Hartmann, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Spring, 2007), p. 317.
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Midnight
Basketball and the 1994 Crime Bill Debates: The Operation of a Racial Code Darren Wheelock and Douglas Hartmann, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Spring, 2007), p. 319.
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497:"Midnight Basketball Is Winner on Street : Crime: Players, coaches, police officers say the prevention programs have proved their worth. But some lawmakers aren't convinced"
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when they attended basketball, and there were police officers stationed in the building to make sure of this. An article from Texas stated that it "has cut crime in one
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article, it is stated that "There was a 60% reduction in drug-related crime." Although there was uncertainty about this statistic, as the
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Remarks on
Signing the Points of Light National Celebration of Community Service Proclamation in Glenarden, Maryland
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Idelson, Holly. 1994. "Provisions: Anti-Crime Bills
Compared." Congressional Quarterly Weekly, May 7, pp. 1147-1158.
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223:. It has helped give young men an alternative to crime, and many have found jobs or are seeking further education.
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339:"Summer Basketball at Lima Senior: Friday Brings the "Midnight Grind"; Youth Clinic Takes the Court Next Week"
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By 2019, various cities in the United States had brought back their midnight basketball programs.
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populations targeted by the program. Midnight basketball was not a proposal unique to the
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690:(Speech). Glenarden Community Center, Maryland. Archived from the original on 2004-08-22.
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459:"In Full Uniform, Officer Joins Basketball Game: 'We Do Love Interacting With People'"
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had 10.4% less juvenile arrests and 50% less juvenile related incidents. In one
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is an initiative which developed in the 1990s to curb inner-city crime in the
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Midnight basketball began in Glenarden, Maryland, in 1986, when
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Midnight Basketball: Race, Sports, and Neoliberal Social Policy
390:"Hoops program provides community to Spokane middle-schoolers"
373:"You can drink beer to help a local youth basketball program"
284:"Midnight Basketball: A Popular Distraction To Real Problems"
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The plan was widely criticized by conservatives such as
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by Douglas Hartmann, 2016, University of Chicago Press
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A list of some content of different sessions include:
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https://www.oaklandmidnightbasketball.com/2019-league
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Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
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Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
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562:"Basketball at Midnight: 'Hope' on a Summer Eve"
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407:"Milwaukee Recreation: Midnight Sports Leagues"
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740:"Late-night hoops offer lifeline to young men"
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1119:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
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534:"Crime-time Basketball - Linguapress.com EFL"
2043:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
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140:Youth Development/Youth Development Programs
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46:and was signed by President Bill Clinton.
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130:The main focus of the programs include:
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798:Schoofs, Mark (15 February 1990).
765:Journal of Sport and Social Issues
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495:SHOGREN, ELIZABETH (1994-08-19).
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1453:Nadir of American race relations
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3175:Basketball in the United States
1362:First transcontinental railroad
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627:Crowley, Michael (2005-01-23).
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219:a program has even started in
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1384:Second Industrial Revolution
1218:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
924:Exploration of North America
850:History of the United States
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2054:Indictments of Donald Trump
1245:First Industrial Revolution
1079:Declaration of Independence
1069:Second Continental Congress
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247:America In the 20th Century
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1946:Killing of Osama bin Laden
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700:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
560:Terry, Don (1994-08-19).
3016:Northern Mariana Islands
1589:Strike wave of 1945–1946
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95:thousand points of light
2551:Middle Eastern American
2368:Technology and industry
1238:Seneca Falls Convention
1039:Continental Association
939:Settlement of Jamestown
101:men the face of crime.
2671:Admission to the Union
2037:Afghanistan withdrawal
2032:January 6 insurrection
1951:Rise in mass shootings
1923:Virginia Tech shooting
1476:Paris Peace Conference
1250:Second Great Awakening
989:American Enlightenment
157:Leadership Empowerment
126:The Service Categories
2663:Territorial evolution
2027:George Floyd Protests
2010:Unite the Right rally
1879:Oklahoma City bombing
1874:Republican Revolution
1821:Space Shuttle program
1643:Civil Rights Movement
1611:North Atlantic Treaty
1419:Sherman Antitrust Act
1404:Chinese Exclusion Act
994:French and Indian War
984:Prelude to Revolution
969:First Great Awakening
929:European colonization
800:"Midnight Basketball"
2577:Palestinian American
2004:Obergefell v. Hodges
1896:September 11 attacks
1732:Second-wave feminism
1653:Cuban Missile Crisis
1513:Bath School disaster
1431:Spanish–American War
1394:The Gospel of Wealth
1273:California Gold Rush
1233:Mexican–American War
1223:Nullification crisis
1191:Era of Good Feelings
1091:Confederation period
999:Proclamation of 1763
949:Atlantic slave trade
629:"Learning from Newt"
288:Non-Profit Quarterly
160:High School Diploma/
3026:U.S. Virgin Islands
2512:Lithuanian American
2468:Vietnamese American
1814:End of the Cold War
1804:Invasion of Grenada
1754:Iran hostage crisis
1503:Tulsa race massacre
1310:Election of Lincoln
1305:Dred Scott decision
1293:Kansas–Nebraska Act
1196:Missouri Compromise
1114:Northwest Ordinance
1104:Pennsylvania Mutiny
1099:and Perpetual Union
1059:American Revolution
974:War of Jenkins' Ear
154:Health and Wellness
17:Midnight basketball
2676:Historical regions
2632:Transgender people
2190:Capital punishment
2049:Support of Ukraine
1998:Black Lives Matter
1906:War in Afghanistan
1831:Invasion of Panama
1787:Iran–Contra affair
1648:Early–mid Cold War
1518:Harlem Renaissance
1377:Compromise of 1877
1352:Reconstruction era
1288:Fugitive Slave Act
1283:Compromise of 1850
1228:Westward expansion
1166:Louisiana Purchase
1009:Stamp Act Congress
954:King William's War
656:"Block That Rush!"
566:The New York Times
290:. 2 November 2016.
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2482:Albanian American
2476:European American
2453:Japanese American
2443:Filipino American
2404:
2403:
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2065:
2062:
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2015:COVID-19 pandemic
1918:Hurricane Katrina
1859:Los Angeles riots
1749:Watergate scandal
1594:Start of Cold War
1562:Manhattan Project
1149:Whiskey Rebellion
979:King George's War
944:Thirteen Colonies
905:Pre-Columbian Era
682:George H. W. Bush
501:Los Angeles Times
190:Los Angeles Times
169:Respect for Women
91:George H. W. Bush
89:as it was one of
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2987:Federal District
2686:Manifest destiny
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2562:Iranian American
2536:Mexican American
2522:Serbian American
2507:Italian American
2497:Finnish American
2487:English American
2438:Chinese American
2425:African American
2410:
2409:
2215:Direct democracy
2205:The Constitution
2164:Higher education
2087:American Century
2072:
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1525:Great Depression
1498:Women's suffrage
1488:Roaring Twenties
1414:Haymarket affair
1372:Enforcement Acts
1161:Jeffersonian era
1109:Shays' Rebellion
1029:Intolerable Acts
1024:Boston Tea Party
959:Queen Anne's War
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2458:Korean American
2448:Indian American
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2225:Law enforcement
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1928:Great Recession
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1809:Reagan Doctrine
1763:
1742:Stonewall riots
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1638:Project Mercury
1599:Truman Doctrine
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1483:First Red Scare
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1426:Progressive Era
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324:. 13 June 2019.
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260:Midnight league
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249:by Gini Holland
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235:Further reading
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136:Adult Education
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3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Navassa Island
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Johnston Atoll
3054:
3049:
3047:Howland Island
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:American Samoa
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:South Carolina
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:North Carolina
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2717:The West Coast
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2691:Indian removal
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2612:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2582:Saudi American
2579:
2574:
2569:
2567:Iraqi American
2564:
2559:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Irish American
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2432:Asian American
2428:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2360:Sexual slavery
2350:
2343:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Postal service
2227:
2222:
2220:Foreign policy
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1796:
1794:Crack epidemic
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1759:Moral Majority
1756:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:Gay liberation
1734:
1729:
1727:Counterculture
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1715:Fall of Saigon
1712:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1693:Apollo program
1690:
1688:Project Gemini
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1606:Early Cold War
1603:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1278:Prelude to War
1275:
1270:
1268:Antebellum Era
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Trail of Tears
1208:Jacksonian era
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1144:Federalist Era
1141:
1139:Bill of Rights
1135:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1074:Lee Resolution
1071:
1066:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
901:
893:
891:
883:
882:
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
857:
854:
853:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
816:
815:
804:Chicago Reader
790:
771:(2): 180–196.
755:
731:
707:
684:(1991-04-12).
673:
646:
619:
610:
601:
585:
549:
520:
476:
465:. July 9, 2019
447:
430:
416:
413:on 2017-09-08.
395:
378:
375:. 2 June 2019.
361:
344:
327:
310:
293:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
262:
255:
252:
251:
250:
244:
236:
233:
228:
225:
179:
176:
171:
170:
167:
164:
158:
155:
148:
147:
141:
138:
127:
124:
106:
103:
64:
61:
51:
50:The Crime Bill
48:
34:
31:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3202:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:List of years
3127:
3126:
3123:
3109:
3101:
3099:
3098:Urban history
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:Palmyra Atoll
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Jarvis Island
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:Insular areas
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:West Virginia
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:New Hampshire
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Massachusetts
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Thai American
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2301:Party Systems
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:Voting rights
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:War on terror
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:Late Cold War
1797:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Great Society
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Post-war boom
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
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1070:
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1056:
1054:
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1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
913:
907:
906:
902:
900:
899:
895:
894:
892:
888:
884:
877:
873:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
855:
851:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
824:
821:
805:
801:
794:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
759:
745:
741:
735:
721:
717:
711:
703:
697:
689:
688:
683:
677:
663:
662:
657:
650:
636:
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630:
623:
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571:
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556:
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535:
529:
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491:
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485:
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464:
460:
454:
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443:
437:
435:
428:
423:
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412:
408:
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400:
391:
385:
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334:
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323:
317:
315:
306:
300:
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289:
285:
279:
275:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
232:
224:
222:
217:
216:sportsmanship
213:
209:
205:
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1890:Bush v. Gore
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1700:Mid Cold War
1552:Pearl Harbor
1547:World War II
1367:Ku Klux Klan
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2136:Immigration
1864:WTC bombing
1782:Reaganomics
1710:Vietnam War
1626:McCarthyism
1508:Second Klan
1493:Prohibition
1471:World War I
1446:Square Deal
1436:Imperialism
1171:War of 1812
898:Prehistoric
696:cite speech
469:November 3,
3169:Categories
2963:Washington
2883:New Mexico
2878:New Jersey
2753:California
2248:Journalism
2200:Corruption
2179:Government
2130:Demography
2117:Newspapers
1966:Sandy Hook
1869:Waco siege
1777:Reagan era
1683:Space Race
1616:Korean War
1557:home front
1389:Gilded Age
1357:Amendments
809:2017-05-21
749:2017-05-19
725:2017-05-19
667:2017-06-06
661:The Nation
640:2017-06-06
579:2017-05-21
543:2017-05-19
514:2017-05-19
271:References
212:friendship
204:Fort Worth
144:Employment
134:Education/
116:unemployed
112:minorities
2973:Wisconsin
2938:Tennessee
2843:Minnesota
2818:Louisiana
2712:The South
2283:Air Force
2158:Education
2020:recession
1976:Las Vegas
1884:Columbine
1841:1991–2008
1769:1980–1991
1670:1964–1980
1581:1945–1964
1535:Dust Bowl
1463:1917–1945
1344:1865–1917
1322:Civil War
1315:Secession
1260:1849–1865
1183:1815–1849
1154:Quasi-War
1131:1789–1815
1051:1776–1789
1004:Sugar Act
785:146750026
574:0362-4331
509:0458-3035
221:Australia
208:community
87:Democrats
63:Reception
54:In 1994,
3144:Category
2958:Virginia
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2888:New York
2863:Nebraska
2853:Missouri
2838:Michigan
2828:Maryland
2813:Kentucky
2793:Illinois
2768:Delaware
2758:Colorado
2748:Arkansas
2627:Lesbians
2601:Comanche
2596:Cherokee
2389:Medicine
2347:Genocide
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2235:Taxation
2185:Abortion
2101:Cultural
1981:Parkland
1911:Iraq War
1849:Gulf War
1621:Ivy Mike
1540:New Deal
916:Colonial
861:Timeline
254:See also
105:Programs
2978:Wyoming
2953:Vermont
2858:Montana
2798:Indiana
2778:Georgia
2773:Florida
2743:Arizona
2733:Alabama
2700:Regions
2622:Gay men
2394:Railway
2354:Slavery
2150:Banking
2144:Economy
1986:El Paso
1971:Orlando
1705:DĂ©tente
866:Outline
227:Revival
195:Chicago
185:Phoenix
28:History
3154:Portal
3108:Cities
3091:Cities
2913:Oregon
2868:Nevada
2808:Kansas
2783:Hawaii
2738:Alaska
2726:States
2652:Places
2414:Groups
2384:Lumber
2322:Fourth
2312:Second
2122:Sports
2107:Cinema
2076:Topics
1991:Uvalde
1961:Aurora
1956:Tucson
880:Events
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3190:Crime
2943:Texas
2823:Maine
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2609:Women
2379:Labor
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2327:Fifth
2317:Third
2307:First
2112:Music
1854:NAFTA
781:S2CID
200:crime
69:House
3011:Guam
2948:Utah
2903:Ohio
2803:Iowa
2278:Navy
2268:Army
2172:Flag
702:link
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