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it, destroying some of the follow-up battalions before they even moved into No Man's Land. 4 Division suffered 4,300 casualties out of the 6,750 men who attacked (one of the three brigades was in reserve). 29 Division suffered 5,000 casualties, including 90% of the
Newfoundland Battalion. In total VIII Corps suffered 14,000 casualties, about 50% of its strength – but of the 29 battalions which actually attacked (8 remained in corps reserve and 2 saw action only briefly) the average casualty rate was 66%, and 80–90% for some battalions. The artillery bombardment – spread too thin in the vain hope of taking both German positions on the first day – had comprehensively failed to cut the German wire, destroy German defences or knock out German artillery. (Prior&Wilson 2005, pp. 74, 77, 79, 80)
967:, 2 July) blamed the failure on the ineffective artillery bombardment, including lack of howitzer shells. Much later (in 1929) he blamed the premature detonation of the mine and claimed that failure had been inevitable and foreseen at the time because of the poor artillery preparation. However, at the time he had refused to alter the artillery scheme. Replying to Robertson's inquiries, Hunter Weston wrote (2 July) "It is inadvisable to give currency to such unpleasant and dangerous facts". In the following weeks he visited every battalion that had attacked, thanking the soldiers and telling them that they had made a necessary sacrifice so that advances could be made elsewhere on the front. On one of these occasions he narrowly escaped death from a German shell.
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British, 6 French) not to the centre but to the unsuccessful attacks on the flanks (Indians on the left flank and the Royal Naval
Division and the French on the right). This error of reinforcing failure rather than success made the battle, in Robin Prior's view, "not one of (his) finer moments". However, Steel & Hart to some extent defend this decision, taken after consultation with the French, on the grounds that he had very limited reserves and the weaker parts of the line had to be shored up (in the event the renewed attack was cancelled as the French were in no state to attack again). Afterwards he blamed wire, machine-gun fire and the French, lack of training stopping the Royal Naval Division holding onto captured trenches, and loss of officers.
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398:
956:'s command, commenting that "The VIII Corps seems to need looking after!" Reports of the slaughter in that sector had not yet reached him. After 1 July it was impossible to renew the attack in this sector as the trenches were clogged with dead and dying men. Andy Simpson compares Hunter-Weston's command style at this time to that of "a sleepwalker". Hunter-Weston's own writings show that he regarded this as the modern managerial approach to fighting larger battles, and Simpson also points out that in practice he did direct his divisions actively on 1 July and he was "very busy" on 2 and 3 July as he tried to salvage the disaster which had befallen his corps.
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McNeile of the 4th KOSBs appears to have had a heated discussion with Hunter-Weston over the objectives: he was subsequently killed in the attack. On 13 July, in an attempt to forestall a
Turkish counterattack (there had been an incident of panic amongst the 7th Highland Light Infantry), Hunter-Weston ordered the Royal Marine Brigade to attack at 16.30. Owing to confusion, only two of the three battalions (Portsmouth, and Nelson but not Chatham) attacked, and incurred over 500 casualties advancing over open ground (although communication trenches had been dug) from the "original" British front line to a line already held by the 157th Brigade.
589:(6–8 May 1915) was probably the last chance to break through at Helles. 105 guns were available, of which probably 75 were used but this was still far fewer than would have been used on the Western Front and there was still a lack of H.E. shells (many guns were 18-pounders firing only shrapnel), mules and knowledge of the Turkish positions, whilst Hunter-Weston's plans were excessively detailed and complex, full of map references and complex wheeling manoeuvres. Hunter-Weston had around 25,000 troops, few of them fresh. Intelligence estimated Turkish numbers at around 15,000–20,000 which was broadly accurate.
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second and third objectives, details and map references for strong points to be constructed, artillery plans, water supply plans and plans for the handling of prisoners. A section entitled "all units must push on resolutely" was followed by detailed plans for the digging of burial pits. Andy
Simpson comments that the plan "seems to have been constructed on the basis that nothing could or would go wrong". Hunter-Weston wrote to his wife that he and his "excellent staff (had) done all possible to ensure success … I have nothing more to do now but to rest until well after the attack has taken place".
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method. Progress was made in some attacks in late June and early July, with one French attack using a density of shelling up to 20 times that of the early attacks. In some cases these inflicted greater casualties on the
Turkish defenders than the attackers, as lack of space, reserves and guns did not allow the Turks to adopt the defensive tactics used by the Germans later in the war: holding the front line thinly, counter-attacking and counter-battery fire on Allied artillery. Travers attributes "bite and hold" to Hamilton, who proposed it, on Birdwood's suggestion on 10 May.
816:
776:) against Achi Baba". Political leaders in London had agreed to commit a further five divisions to Gallipoli in July, but had decided instead that further attacks from the Helles bridgehead were too slow and costly and that a fresh landing at Suvla Bay offered a better chance of swift victory. Hunter-Weston wrote to Hamilton (11 August – after criticism had been made of Stopford's lack of initiative at Suvla) urging that he appoint commanders who would "push unrelentingly, push without ceasing, push without mercy", without regard to the "yelping" of subordinate commanders.
728:
699:, these "bite and hold" tactics were then abandoned and their discovery in Gallipoli largely forgotten by historians. This may be because Hunter-Weston and Gouraud were both soon invalided out of the peninsula or because the Allies had never intended Gallipoli to be about trench warfare and so were not interested in learning tactical land warfare lessons from it or because the development of artillery tactics throughout the war was not a clear-cut process, as is shown by the fact that similar tactics almost worked at
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completely stationary – Robin Prior writes "no ground was gained by this lamentable episode". Hunter-Weston lent the French, the morale of whose
African troops was in difficulties, the Anson Battalion of the Royal Naval Division and some Worcesters. Milward, a British officer, wrote that Hunter-Weston was cheerful and firm with the French. By this time the 29th Division had suffered 4,500 casualties, leaving 6,000 effectives, although the French attacking on the right flank had suffered in similar proportion.
521:'s first offer (9.21am) to make more trawlers available to land more troops at Y Beach, where they had surprise and lack of opposition. After being ordered to reply to the second message (10:00 am) he only did so at 10.35 am after consulting Admiral Wemyss. He was still awaiting reports from V Beach at the time. At 6:00 pm Marshall, the commander at X Beach, asked permission to advance to assist Y Beach, but after a delay of two hours Hunter-Weston ordered him to stay put and advance the following day.
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125th
Brigade that "it was blooded today. It did fairly well, and will do better still as it gets more experience" and that the rattle of musketry "lull(ed) him to sleep". He also informed his wife that Hamilton thought him a great commander, worth a brigade of troops, which he explained to her was 4,000 men (Hamilton indeed thought he had "truly great qualities as a commander" but also that he was tiresome, grasping and talkative). Hunter-Weston also wrote to the King's adviser
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675:(4 June), Hunter-Weston planned with more caution and realism, gaining better intelligence of Turkish positions (including aerial photography), ordering night digging to get the start-off point within 250 yards (230 m) of the Turkish positions (it had been 1,800 yards (1,600 m) the previous time) and ordering a lull in the bombardment in the hope that the Turkish guns might give away their positions by retaliating, thus enabling counter-battery fire.
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380:, where he supervised his command from a motorbike (at a time when senior generals used cars and most other officers used horses). He "often appeared in the most surprising places" and his handling of the brigade was "skilful". His was the first British unit to cross the Aisne, on a damaged bridge. His bravery and determination marked him out for promotion. Hunter-Weston was one of the senior officers commanded to write regularly to
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sector the opposite was true, but the decision had been made by senior generals (Haig and
Rawlinson) to launch the attack over a wide front. His corps suffered 14,581 casualties on the first day. Only a few small sections of enemy line were gained, and these had to be abandoned within a day or two. Of the three corps which tried a creeping barrage on the day of the attack, only VIII Corps was completely unsuccessful.
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882:) which was to attack at Serre, thought Hunter-Weston's plan "a terrible document" of 76 pages, to which division HQ added a further 365 pages of supplementary instructions. Rees spent three days condensing this to a summary of eight pages and five maps, before having "a severe argument" with Hunter-Weston to have the plan amended to allow his brigade an extra ten minutes to take an orchard just east of Serre.
715:– the attack succeeded on the left, where artillery fire was concentrated (as the Indians had been thrown back there earlier in June) but the attack was over too wide a distance and half the 156th Brigade, attacking on the right with insufficient artillery support became casualties, of which over a third were killed (this was the attack of which Hunter-Weston claimed he was "blooding the pups").
1028:(in which VIII Corps did not directly participate), he suggested that he launch a feint attack on his front five minutes before the main attack. This was vetoed by Plumer. Hunter-Weston's VIII Corps was moved again, this time out of the Ypres salient, as he had not been selected to command in the upcoming Third Ypres offensive. He handed over his sector to
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raiding or counter-battery fire, and after talking to a VIII Corps artillery officer thought they were "amateurs in hard fighting" who thought they knew it all because of
Gallipoli, unlike those who had learned from "adversity, shortage of ammunition, and fighting under difficulties against a superior European enemy". One patrol—by a unit of
1217:, comments on the way in which he was regarded as a "butcher" but wrote that "Actually no man I have met brimmed over more richly with human sympathy. He was a logican (sic) of war and as a logican he believed and was always ready to contend in open debate that, provided the objective was gained, casualties were of no importance".
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with the situation at V and only succeeded because the
Turkish defence was stretched too thinly." Gordon Corrigan claims – without giving further detail – that his command of the division was "one of the more competent aspects" of the Helles landings and that "his handling of the division, once ashore, was thoroughly competent".
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Line on the first day of the offensive, before bringing guns forward and attacking the Second Line several days later—was critical that Hunter-Weston "was only going to take the enemy first system to begin with, and proceed slowly stage by stage" which would give the Germans a chance to bring up reserves, like the French at
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Travers comments that VIII Corps staff work was poor, Hunter-Weston had too much freedom at Krithia and attacks became "ritualistic". He comments on his time as a Western Front commander that he was "an officer of intelligence, but lacking mental balance, given to extravagant and flamboyant gestures,
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was in progress. Although he has been ridiculed for this, it has also been pointed out that VIII Corps was not involved in fighting at the time and that such events boosted morale and encouraged care of horses, which were still extensively used for transport and hauling equipment. He played an active
1044:, GOC II Corps, in May 1917 (three corps—Jacob took over only a small part of VIII Corps sector—replacing one, due to the greater density of troops needed for a major offensive). VIII Corps returned to the Ypres Salient after the main offensive ended and took part in a local operation on the night of
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while Hunter-Weston was away visiting his dentist in Boulogne (Gough was keen to centralise control of artillery at army rather than corps level). A letter to his wife (3 August 1916) expresses his dissatisfaction at staffwork in Gough's Reserve Army and his gladness that VIII Corps was moving to the
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On 1 July 1916 it was Hunter-Weston's divisions, attacking in the northern sector between the Ancre and the Serre, that suffered the worst casualties and failed to capture any of their objectives. Artillery fire was weaker here and the Germans had the advantage of high ground, whereas in the southern
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Progress up from the bridgehead at Helles was severely hampered by lack of artillery: at First Krithia (28 April 1915) only 18 guns were available—a comparable division-sized assault on the Western Front at the time might have had 200—and there was a shortage of mules to pull them forward, and nobody
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Robin Prior writes that Hunter-Weston "remained anchored off W beach.. He was out of contact with S and Y, neglected X and seemed determined to avoid any knowledge of V... (he) took no steps to gather information for himself. His one positive move (to shift troops from V to W beach) had nothing to do
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between 1899 and 1902 as a staff officer then as commander of the Mounted Engineers, then of the Royal Engineer Cavalry Division. He then became Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General (DAAG), then Chief of Staff, to Sir John French's Cavalry Division, then commanded a cavalry column. His mounted engineers
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After three weeks' home leave for preparation, he delivered his House of Commons maiden speech on the Manpower Bill on 24 January 1918 (at a time of much dispute over the manpower requirements of the army relative to agriculture, munitions, shipbuilding and ship-crewing and open warfare in the press
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in the VIII Corps sector. Hunter-Weston wished to detonate the mine four hours early, but this was vetoed by the Inspector of Mines at BEF GHQ, who pointed out that the British had a poor record of seizing craters before the Germans got there. As a compromise Hunter-Weston was allowed to detonate at
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Prior to the main attack VIII Corps was the only corps of Fourth Army to produce far more negative than positive reports from patrols. Ten raids were conducted, and it was reported that the German wire was intact on 31 Division sector, well cut on 4th Division sector, and variably cut on 29 Division
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that he was "strongly opposed to a wild rush … for an objective 4,000 yards away" and that "to lose the substance by grasping at the shadow is a mistake that has been made too often in this war". Haig—who had recently rejected Rawlinson's initial proposal to concentrate on capturing the German First
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to a collapse and a breakdown. Hamilton ... saw him 'staggering' off to a hospital ship." Hamilton recorded "He is suffering very much from his head". Next day he recorded "Hunter-Weston has to go home" and a few days later he referred to "Hunter-Weston's breakdown". Hamilton later wrote to Aspinall
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Colonel Wolley Dod, a staff officer of 29th Division, later called Krithia "a mad adventure without the necessary artillery support" and "had some difference of opinion with Hunter-Weston" about using the 125th Brigade again after their initial defeat. In a letter to his wife, Hunter-Weston noted of
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Hunter-Weston persisted in his attacks on 7 and 8 May. Hunter-Weston issued a warning order to brigadiers at 23.35 on 7 May, but formal orders were not issued on the morning of 8 May until two hours before the attack was due to begin, giving brigadiers little time to locate and confer with battalion
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Hunter-Weston concentrated on V, W and X Beaches at the tip on the peninsula, less on S and Y beaches (on the right and left flanks respectively), which were intended merely to threaten the Turkish retreat. No contingency plan had been made for S or Y beach forces to push ahead if the main forces at
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The men of 31 Division had already crawled out into No Man's Land, but were machine-gunned where they lay – one battalion had no functioning officers by 7.28am. As early as 7.25am (or even 7am in some areas) German artillery was shelling the British front line and the communication trenches behind
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Hunter-Weston was a regular inspector of trenches and machine gun positions. He reconnoitred positions personally and on one occasion (1 November 1918) climbed into a fort on a rope ladder. Aged in his early fifties, he took great pride in his physical fitness and was proud of reducing more junior
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VIII Corps "were saturated with optimism over-emphasising the effect of the preliminary bombardment". Hunter-Weston "was extremely optimistic, telling everybody that the wire had been blown away" although "they could see it standing strong and well" and that the enemy front line "would be blown to
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wrote of how "a great number of the Brigadier-Generals openly refused to take any further orders from Hunter-Weston, who was responsible for the muddle … they all said that … he had been affected by the sun a little, and was incapable of giving orders". Hunter-Weston relieved Egerton of command of
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The attack was renewed on 12–13 July, with 155th and 157th Brigade (both part of 52nd Division) committed for the first time. Maj-Gen Egerton, GOC 52nd division, later (in 1929) wrote that Hunter-Weston "simply enunciated" his "positively wicked" plan, but that there was little discussion. Colonel
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Hunter-Weston wrote to his wife (27 April) "my men have effected the impossible … we have managed it, we have achieved the impossible!" Having believed that the landing had only a one in four chance of success, he now believed that getting ashore had solved half the problem, and that capturing the
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Because the French were taking time to get ashore, on 27 April Hunter-Weston postponed his advance until 4pm, with a view to taking the hill of Achi Baba the following day. The complex wheeling plan had neglected the effect of gullies and ravines on troop movements. Hunter-Weston, in response to a
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Hunter-Weston appears to have little interest in Y Beach during the night of 25–26 April. He did not mention Y Beach in his diary, and later concealed the evidence about it from Hamilton until July 1915. When the force at Y Beach had to be evacuated on the morning of 26 April – a decision taken at
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recorded that they "were in complete ignorance of what was going on anywhere except at W and possibly at X Beach" and was furious at Hamilton for adhering to Staff College doctrine by not interfering with "the man on the spot" (Hamilton claimed he was dissuaded by Braithwaite, even though he could
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The Hawthorne Crater was to be seized by two companies. Artillery fire was lifted ten minutes before zero hour so as not to hit them, and field artillery two minutes before. In a blunder this was applied across the whole of VIII Corps sector, allowing the Germans ample time to man their parapets.
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Haig claimed (Diary 28 June) that VIII Corps had not carried out any successful raids, apparently forgetting 29th Division's raid on the night of 4/5 June, which had discovered the existence of deep enemy dugouts. Two days before the offensive began Haig had little confidence in VIII Corps trench
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Les Carlyon comments that he "threw away men the way other men tossed away socks" and writes "One cannot condemn (him) for failing to understand the new warfare of the twentieth century; few generals did in 1915. One can, however, condemn (him) for faults that are timeless. (He was) careless and
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from 29th Division—managed to fight its way through the wire, and observed (report of 29 June) that the German front trench had been destroyed by the bombardment, but could not reach even that far as the area was swept by fire from the German second position. On the eve of battle Rawlinson noted
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52nd Division on 13 July, sending him to his ship for a night's rest. Orlo Williams, a cipher officer, wrote in his diary (21 July) of how Hamilton, the nominal commander-in-chief of the campaign, had little direct involvement and how Hunter-Weston and a few staff officers were running the show.
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In Prior's view "there is strong evidence that (Hunter-Weston) took to heart the lessons" that concentrated High Explosive bombardment by heavy howitzers was needed for success and held meetings with the French General Gouraud at which they agreed to cooperate with their artillery and adopt this
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Hunter-Weston planned a three-pronged assault: 125th Brigade (territorials), part of the newly-arriving 42nd Division, on the left, a composite 88th Brigade in the centre, and the French on the right. Hamilton would have preferred an attack just before dawn, but Hunter-Weston, citing the loss of
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recorded that Hunter-Weston devoted too much time to minor details which should have been left to junior staff officers. He thought him "a mountebank" and self-important, with the brain of an inexperienced boy and with a penchant for heroics. He was also notorious for his interest in inspecting
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VIII Corps took an exceptionally prescriptive approach to planning the Somme attack. Conferences were held on 21 and 23 June for brigadiers to share ideas. A 70-page report was issued, whose 28 headings included orders for the formation to be adopted down to company level for the advance on the
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as his main offensive force, as the other three divisions of IX Corps were too worn out for much more than line-holding operations. Hamilton had wanted to deploy 52nd Division to ANZAC Cove, but concurred as he accepted that the Turks at Helles needed to be pressed after their losses on 5 July.
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A breakthrough towards Krithia was almost attained by the British infantry (88th brigade) in the centre – where the artillery fire had been concentrated – Hunter-Weston was concerned about an advance in the centre being trapped in a salient and so committed nine of his 18 reserve battalions (12
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The Turks attacked the French on the nights of 1–2 May and 3–4 May. On 2 May, seeking to exploit the repulse of a Turkish attack the previous night, he launched an attack across the line, despite his troops being tired and short of ammunition – the 86th Brigade, too tired even to attack, stayed
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Kereves Spur and Gully Spur, which had held up the advance on 4 June, were taken on 21 June and 28 June by limited advances under heavy artillery fire, whilst Hunter-Weston and Gouraud agreed that an attack on Fir Tree Spur on 28 June had failed because of lack of artillery there. Even in this
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He still thought that more men, guns and ammunition might enable him to win a "glorious victory" on 11 June, and after the event thought it had been "glorious in execution". Travers comments on Hunter-Weston's "mental and physical detachment" at this time, and on the romantic view of war and
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to lunch twice and in late 1918 accompanied him on a visit to recently liberated towns and villages. At other times he received the Siamese, Italian and Romanian military attaches. He also used to take visiting British politicians to a vantage point on Hill 63 to see the Ypres Battlefield.
798:, about Operation Hush a planned amphibious assault on the Belgian Coast (Haig diary 25 February 1916). After Haig had to abandon his plans for a Flanders Offensive in 1916, this landing was eventually scheduled to take place in the late summer or early autumn of 1917, to coincide with the
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request for information at 3.30pm, reported that there was nothing to justify "alarmist" reports, but that his troops were exhausted, short of ammunition, had suffered too many casualties and were at risk from Turkish counter-attack. He declined Hamilton's request to attack that day.
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He diverted the Essex Regiment (part of 88th Brigade) from V to W Beach at 0830 hrs. Hunter-Weston's diary records that "V Beach is still hung up", suggesting that he thought the problems there temporary, although he was dissuaded from landing to take personal command at that beach.
932:, who was recording the 29th Division attack. The other mines were detonated at 7:28 am, two minutes before Zero hour when the infantry advance would begin. In many cases, including Hawthorne Ridge, the Germans were able to seize the craters before the British troops crossed
341:. He was a general staff officer in the Eastern Command from 1904 to 1908. He married Grace Strang-Steel in 1905. He was promoted colonel in 1908. He was a general staff officer in the Scottish Command from 1908 to 1911. In 1911 he succeeded his mother as the 27th Laird of
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described it as the "Greatest Speech of the War". Hunter-Weston warned Haig (Haig Diary 25 February 1918) that some of his men had asked some visiting MPs if they were "Labour MPs" and had complained to them about the horrors of war and asked what they were fighting for.
505:, the attendant ship at W beach, so were unable to inspect elsewhere – Hunter-Weston and his chief of staff Brigadier-General H. E. Street were on the bridge, where their papers were scattered every five minutes when the ship's 9.2-inch gun was fired. An angry
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Hunter-Weston was himself relieved on 23 July, officially for enteric or sunstroke, and returned to England. Les Carlyon wrote "What was wrong with (Hunter-Weston) has never become clear. The explanations run from sunstroke and exhaustion to enteric fever and
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Hunter-Weston seems to have been regarded by his superiors as a "safe pair of hands" for receiving visiting dignitaries. He frequently visited Belgian divisional and corps HQ, as well as, on occasion, Belgian GCQ, the Belgian Prime Minister, and once took
980:" (a Boer War term for moving generals to unimportant duties back at the base). He may well have been saved from the sack because, owing to the shortage of competent senior generals, British corps commanders were seldom sacked at this stage of the war.
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Chelmers, by 7,419 votes to 1,300. Hunter-Weston, who was the first Member of Parliament to simultaneously command an army corps on the field, continued to command VIII Corps but was not involved in another offensive. He had the permission of General
765:(July 1916) that Lady Hunter-Weston had been told that her husband was being "sent home", normally a euphemism for sacking. Travers argues that his illness was used as an excuse to relieve him of command. He was knighted after being invalided home.
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earned his reputation "as one of the most brutal and incompetent commanders of the First World War" "in his later battles (at Gallipoli) he seemed to hit upon a formula for success ...(but) these small achievements were largely forgotten".
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to confer with Hamilton, who recorded that he was "cheery, stout-hearted, quite a good tonic and – on the whole – his news is good". After 25 April landings Hunter-Weston thought the bravery of the men at W Beach "a most marvellous feat".
657:, who had replaced d'Amade in command of the French troops on 15 May. Hamilton, who would have preferred to wait for more troops and munitions, deferred to their judgement, and planning for Third Krithia began at a conference on 31 May.
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On 3 July 1915 John Churchill reported "The 29th Div is down to small numbers now … These continual frontal attacks are terrible, and I fear the generals will be called butchers by the troops. HW already has that name with the 29th."
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also privately wrote the same, and Travers suggests that, as British officers of the era were expected to remain cheerful and optimistic in public, this may have been "a safety outlet" to be pointed to if the operation went wrong.
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With the BEF having recently expanded tenfold in size, able officers were in short supply and were often poached by units higher up the chain of command. Hunter-Weston's senior artillery officer Brig-Gen Tancred was removed to
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Rawlinson also noted that counter-battery fire had not worked well on VIII Corps sector, although in fact, largely owing to shortage of artillery, the problem was more widespread across other sectors than Rawlinson realised.
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Hunter-Weston was deeply concerned at the problem of defending the ground which had been gained and wrote claiming that he would resign for the good of the Empire if Haig attempted to renew the offensive (7 December 1917).
475:, preferred a daylight landing at Helles (Hamilton and Birdwood preferred an attack just before first light – this was used for the ANZAC landing further north, which had been intended to land on the beach at Gaba Tepe).
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234:, as a "rank amateur", and has been referred to by one modern writer as "one of the Great War's spectacular incompetents". However, another historian writes that although his poor performance at the battles of
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Major-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, along with two members of his staff, in the trench leading to his dug-out, the entrance to which, protected by sand-bags, is seen in the background, July 1915.
3036:"Measuring Worth – Measures of worth, inflation rates, saving calculator, relative value, worth of a dollar, worth of a pound, purchasing power, gold prices, GDP, history of wages, average wage"
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For ten hours on 25 April Lt-Col Godfrey Matthews signalled to Hunter-Weston, demanding reinforcements of men and ammunition at Y Beach, but received no reply. Hunter-Weston did not reply to
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self-praise in his letters. Hunter-Weston's dugout, dug in June 1915 as protection from Turkish guns firing from near Troy (on the east bank of the Dardanelles) was called "Baronial Hall".
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in October 1917, taking his party on a tour of the Messines battlefield, where the ground had been carefully seeded with interesting souvenirs for them to "find". He had French President
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cut Boer-controlled roads and railways, and cut the railway near Bloemfontein to prevent the Boers from reinforcing it. In 1900 he was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel and awarded the
844:(Haig Diary 7 and 8 April 1916) He urged Hunter-Weston that his men should push on as far as possible without consolidating, as far as artillery cover allowed (Haig Diary 10 May 1916).
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recorded how Hunter-Weston insisted that the 127th Manchester Brigade sap forward during a full moon on the night of 2 June, despite his protests that they were advancing into a
413:, prior to the division's departure for Gallipoli, 12 March 1915. The 29th Division's GOC, Major General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, rides alongside the King at the right of the photo.
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W. B. Wood, one of the Official History writing team, wrote (in 1944) "my own blood had boiled as I read of the … results of Hunter-Weston's pig-headed tactics at Gallipoli".
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about how detachment was a necessary quality in a commander. On 15 May he commented that 29th Division, whose severe casualties he had just listed, were "glorious fellows".
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Godley wrote (23 July) "with all his faults Hunter-Weston was a gallant soul … At the same time, one is rather thankful to think he will not be (as he calls it) "blooding"
668:. Visiting the troops afterwards to congratulate them, Hunter-Weston commented that it would have been worth doing even for 500 casualties (there had in fact been fifty).
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to keep His Majesty informed of military developments. In October 1914, "for distinguished conduct in the Field", he was promoted to the temporary rank of major-general.
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1060:, in February 1918) for lack of aggression. Hunter-Weston spoke to subordinate generals "as if he was teaching a class of NCOs" (according to Major-General Sir
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As the campaign proceeded and more reinforcements were dispatched to Helles, on 24 May he was promoted to temporary lieutenant-general and placed in command of
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The next attack was scheduled for 12 July as the superior French artillery would not be available until then. Hunter-Weston aimed to use the relatively fresh
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Haig commented in his diary (1 July) that given their lack of progress VIII Corps men could not have left their trenches, and placed VIII and X Corps under
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divisions at Enos on the west coast of Thrace. Hunter-Weston was advising Hamilton that another attack could deliver Achi Baba, with no need to wait for
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company officers, did not, and it is unclear that he was wrong. D'Amade agreed and Hamilton deferred to their Western front experience, which he lacked.
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on a tour of the British lines. He received the Apostolic Delegate and Doyen of Ypres to dinner. He laid on a lavish lunch for the Portuguese President
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Gordon Corrigan claims that Hunter-Weston's performance at Gallipoli was "competent" but that he is unfairly vilified for his premature blowing of the
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makes 425,000 First World War items from European libraries available online, including manuscripts and photographs by or relating to Hunter-Weston
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In March 1916 Hunter-Weston was again promoted to acting lieutenant-general and again placed in command of VIII Corps, which was re-established in
349:. He was Assistant Director of Military Training 1908–11 and his motto was "teach the trainers how to teach before they try to teach the Tommies".
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hill of Achi Baba would solve three-quarters, although he added that this would take some time. There was no time for conferences before the
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officers, including on one occasion a battalion commander in his mid-thirties, to breathlessness whilst out walking. In his autobiography
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456:" which would damage Britain's standing with neutral Greece and Romania. He suggested that given the loss of surprise (because of the
3706:
3701:
186:
158:
891:
sector. Rawlinson was particularly concerned with the situation, to the point of discussing it with Haig (Haig Diary 28 June 1916).
1093:
964:
940:
Gallipoli veteran Major J.H.Gibbon of 460th Battery wrote to Hunter-Weston to protest that this was unwise, but received no reply.
632:
661:
287:
and took part in the Miranzai Expedition of 1891 and was wounded during the Waziristan Expedition of 1894–95. He was promoted to
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852:
284:
134:
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1997:
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1184:
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913:
256:
178:
106:
1198:
after his death. Andy Simpson writes of these documents that "self-congratulation was one of his favourite activities".
452:
needed to cover attacks risked an Allied bridgehead being tied up in front of Kilitbahir Plateau and becoming "a second
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3422:
346:
3616:
3390:
3367:
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3329:
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3163:
3137:
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2689:
2636:
1954:
1681:
1535:
1483:
1445:
1382:
1191:; he was survived by his wife. His wealth at death was £41,658 11s (around £2m at 2016 prices) as of 23 August 1940.
665:
3516:
736:
653:
After Second Krithia Hunter-Weston still believed that the capture of Achi Baba was a realistic aspiration, as did
613:
326:. He was described as having "reckless courage combined with technical skill and great coolness in emergency", was
268:
1619:"Hunter Surname DNA Project Worldwide Database – includes others related to Dr. Johnson Calhoun Hunter, born 1787"
1177:. He resigned from the Army in 1919. He was promoted to Permanent Lieutenant-General that year. After the war his
3541:
989:
712:
3498:
1053:
879:
856:
848:
518:
437:
381:
368:
A few weeks after the outbreak of the war in 1914, he led his brigade to France as part of 4th Division on the
228:
130:
916:
to weaken enemy defences. The northernmost mine of 40,000 pounds (18,000 kg) of explosives was under the
3681:
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3671:
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3656:
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1618:
331:
264:
166:
1072:
397:
337:
Hunter-Weston served on the Royal Engineers staff in London in late 1902, when he was appointed for duty at
1057:
1014:
463:
Hunter-Weston wrote to his wife (7 April) "the odds against us are heavy. However, nothing is impossible".
972:
624:
369:
323:
259:
John Gould Read Hunter-Weston (1823–1904) and his second wife, who was the daughter and heir of the 25th
193:
162:
126:
1052:
Hunter-Weston unjustifiably (in Simon Robbins' view) sacked two divisional commanders, Philip. R. Wood (
3298:
3276:
1110:, to meet the German spring offensives, VIII Corps was at one point on the verge of being sent to join
859:
Divisions. The German front line was overlooked by their second line, and by the fortified villages of
815:
650:(27 May) "a marvellous sight" and later thought the sinking of a French transport "a wonderful sight".
525:
353:
1187:
and died, aged seventy-five, on 18 March 1940 following a fall from a turret at his ancestral home in
3525:
1025:
997:
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377:
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1115:
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1232:
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His diaries, typed up and accompanied by letters and newspaper cuttings, were deposited in the
1120:
917:
896:
762:
748:
708:
536:
the local level – Hamilton assumed that Hunter-Weston had ordered this without consulting him.
426:
1166:
Hunter-Weston married Grace Strang Steel on 5 December 1905 at Selkirk; they had no children.
1106:
In May 1918, during the reshuffling of Allied units, now under the Supreme Command of General
1137:
1096:
over the deployment of troops between fronts). It was praised by his army commander, and the
900:(Rawlinson Diary 30 June) that "VIII Corps front … is somewhat behind-hand" at wire-cutting.
820:
696:
422:
338:
2156:
1729:
1657:
1421:
860:
3606:
3601:
1547:
868:
727:
628:
449:
224:
790:
At a meeting at Dover, Hunter-Weston was asked to lend his experience to discussions with
620:
wrote in his private diary that Hunter-Weston was "more hated than most of the generals".
8:
1249:
1146:
1124:
867:
pieces" and that the attackers would "walk into Serre" (testimony of various officers to
644:
609:
499:
373:
1154:
440:
that the Turks had had ample time to turn the peninsula into "an entrenched camp", that
3176:
A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917
2161:
1734:
1662:
1552:
1426:
1150:
1111:
1077:
769:
418:
206:
3411:"A Slashing Man of Action": The Life of Lieutenant-General Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston MP
3508:
3418:
3386:
3363:
3344:
3325:
3306:
3284:
3262:
3243:
3220:
3201:
3180:
3159:
3133:
3039:
2746:
2685:
2632:
2463:
2339:
2314:
2289:
2228:
2212:
2068:
2043:
2018:
1993:
1950:
1934:
1774:
1749:
1677:
1531:
1479:
1441:
1378:
1326:
1310:
1294:
1210:
1179:
1076:
Lieutenant-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, commanding VIII Corps, in conversation with
566:
303:
288:
214:
3450:
3179:(PhD thesis). Birmingham: Birmingham University Centre for First World War Studies.
1018:
933:
841:
464:
231:
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1061:
929:
926:
832:
314:
272:
223:
Nicknamed "Hunter-Bunter", Hunter-Weston has been seen as a classic example of a
210:
202:
148:
144:
116:
1195:
1107:
921:
791:
785:
617:
495:
472:
3595:
3193:
3184:
1037:
654:
252:
2399:
Travers (2001, p. 109) writes that this was to ground held by 155th brigade.
1206:
Hunter-Weston acquired a reputation as an eccentric man, prone to laughter.
1127:(11 October) and recollecting his successful handling of his brigade there.
3632:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
1469:, laying the groundwork for the more famous expedition to Omdurman in 1898.
1169:
Hunter-Weston continued in politics after the war, being elected again for
1098:
1081:
977:
953:
795:
602:
410:
318:
291:
198:
88:
3236:
878:
Brigadier-General Hubert Rees, commander of 94th Brigade (part of the raw
483:
421:
commenced in March 1915, Hunter-Weston was promoted to the command of the
1041:
506:
453:
430:
3379:
3322:
Directing Operations: British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914-18
1188:
1029:
436:
When asked for his advice before the landings, Hunter-Weston cautioned
357:
342:
248:
32:
608:
Hunter-Weston (15 May) proposed to break the stalemate by landing six
757:
448:
but conversely offered little room for manoeuvre and given Britain's
445:
406:
2971:
Statutory registers Marriages, 1905, Selkirk, 778/39, page 20 of 29.
2745:
David A Woodward, Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, 1998, p. 52,
498:
and Hunter-Weston spent 25 April, the day of the landings, on board
1005:
402:
3174:
3440:
1466:
1325:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', Photo 10 Caption,
703:
in March 1915 but were then not used for over a year afterwards.
235:
3474:
King's College London Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
548:
835:. At a Fourth Army Conference 30 March 1916 Hunter-Weston told
828:
441:
1183:
entry filled an entire column. He retired from Parliament in
976:
Ypres Salient. Hunter-Weston protested that he had not been "
707:
period, attacks did not always turn out as hoped: during the
260:
1114:. Hunter-Weston held a horseshow in August 1918, whilst the
2836:
3476:
Weston, Sir Aylmer Hunter- (1864–1940), Lieutenant General
2631:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp. 199–200,
2338:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', pp. 153–8,
2313:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', pp. 159–9,
2288:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', pp. 153–8,
2211:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', pp. 147–8,
2067:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', pp. 140–1,
912:
Across the entire British front, 19 mines had been dug by
3456:
Centre for First World War Studies, Birmingham University
306:'s staff on the Nile Expedition of 1896. He attended the
2684:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp. 273–4,
1530:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp. 198–9,
1440:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp. 198–9,
2462:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 163,
2227:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 152,
2042:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 139,
2017:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 138,
1992:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 133,
1933:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 109,
1478:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp.198–9,
1377:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp.198–9,
3463:
Royal Engineers and the Gallipoli Expedition (1915–16)
1949:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp. 199,
1773:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 81,
1748:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 81,
1676:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', pp. 199,
1571:. No. 36912. London. 30 October 1902. p. 10.
1309:
Robin Prior, 'Gallipoli: The End of the Myth', p. 80,
310:(where he was Master of Staff College Hounds) 1898–9.
3132:
Gordon Corrigan, 'Mud, Blood and Poppycock', p. 199,
2496:
Edmonds, J. E. Military Operations 1917, 1948, p. 115
920:, a front-line fortification west of the village of
779:
643:
Hunter-Weston thought the sinking of the battleship
573:
was sure where the Turkish front line actually was.
3446:
contributions in Parliament by Aylmer Hunter-Weston
686:
3378:
3235:
405:(centre, mounted) inspecting the 29th Division at
283:He was promoted captain in 1892. He served on the
3692:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
3200:. Vol. 58. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1897:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 100–1, 106, 108–9, 111
1852:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 100–1, 106, 108–9, 111
524:On the evening of 25 April Hunter-Weston boarded
460:) it might be better to call off the expedition.
3687:People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
3593:
1089:between allies of the Prime Minister and of the
711:in late June he attacked with the inexperienced
3297:
3275:
569:, was confused as to what was expected of him.
1228:and far too interested in irrelevant detail".
847:VIII Corps consisted (from north to south) of
3642:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
3622:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
831:; he commanded it in the early months of the
3717:British military personnel in colonial India
3612:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
3191:
209:in 1915 and in the very early stages of the
3233:
3214:
1465:That year's expedition up the Nile reached
925:07:20. The explosion was filmed by British
444:was less vulnerable to Turkish attack than
330:(including 31 March 1900) and received the
3637:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
197:(23 September 1864 – 18 March 1940) was a
31:
3697:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
3408:
3338:
3192:J Lethbridge (2004). "Hunter-Weston". In
3172:
2842:
1209:Hamilton called him "an acute theorist".
1056:, in November 1917) and P. S. Wilkinson (
159:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
3303:Command and Control on the Western Front
3281:Douglas Haig Diaries and Letters 1914-18
3259:British Generalship on the Western Front
2155:
1728:
1656:
1546:
1420:
1071:
814:
726:
547:
482:
396:
278:
271:in 1882, then was commissioned into the
3376:
3357:
3319:
3256:
3153:
959:After the event, Hunter-Weston (to the
635:and the 29th Indian Infantry Brigade).
3722:Military personnel from North Ayrshire
3594:
2329:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 201, 206–7
1915:Travers 2001, pp. 56–7, 59, 61–4, 224
1870:Travers 2001, pp. 56–7, 59, 61–4, 224
1843:Travers 2001, pp. 56–7, 59, 61–4, 224
1825:Travers 2001, pp. 56–7, 59, 61–4, 224
1807:Travers 2001, pp. 56–7, 59, 61–4, 224
1567:"Naval & Military intelligence".
1293:Les Carlyon, 'The Great War', p. 27,
1161:
458:unsuccessful naval attack on 18 March
387:
297:
3627:British Army generals of World War I
1556:. 8 February 1901. pp. 844–846.
227:; he was described by his superior,
2577:Sheffield & Todman 2004, p. 159
1004:, defeating a pro-peace clergyman,
961:Chief of the Imperial General Staff
914:Royal Engineer tunnelling companies
802:, but in the end never took place.
255:, on 23 September 1864, the son of
13:
3401:
3339:Steel, Nigel; Hart, Peter (1994).
510:see that V Beach was in trouble).
363:
347:Companion of the Order of the Bath
263:of Hunterston. He was educated at
14:
3738:
3433:
2962:Simpson 2006, pp. 196–7, 202, 203
2478:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 219–20
1666:. 13 February 1914. p. 1176.
780:Seaborne Landing on Belgian Coast
580:
3707:People of the Gallipoli campaign
3702:British Army lieutenant generals
3517:Parliament of the United Kingdom
3198:Dictionary of National Biography
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2678:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2202:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 188–9
2110:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 161–2
1738:. 3 November 1914. p. 8881.
1130:
1123:, revisiting the battlefield of
1080:, the French Prime Minister, at
713:Scottish 52nd (Lowland) Division
687:Improved artillery concentration
638:
543:
356:of the 11th Infantry Brigade at
3467:Europeana Collections 1914–1918
2613:Prior&Wilson 2005, pp. 65–6
2586:Prior&Wilson 2005, pp. 65–6
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2332:
2323:
2307:
2298:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2221:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2061:
2052:
2036:
2027:
2011:
2002:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1943:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1834:Steel & Hart 1994, pp. 98–9
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1767:
1758:
1742:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1670:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1560:
1540:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1472:
1459:
1450:
1434:
1414:
1405:
1396:
3234:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005).
2514:Prior & Wilson 2005, p. 39
1387:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1319:
1303:
1287:
1201:
1119:role leading his corps in the
947:
907:
695:Having been discovered by the
372:, including at the battles of
182:Sir Aylmer Gould Hunter-Weston
1:
3647:Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs
3146:
2718:Prior&Wilson 2005, p. 121
2390:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 212
2363:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 208
2261:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 197
2193:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 187
2165:. 27 July 1915. p. 7441.
1924:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 112
1224:arrogant and not very good".
810:
450:lack of high explosive shells
352:In February 1914 he was made
242:
167:Venerable Order of Saint John
3727:Accidental deaths from falls
3215:Middlebrook, Martin (1971).
3105:Carlyon 2001, pp. 120–1, 653
2926:Simpson 2006, pp. 188, 206–9
2881:Simpson 2006, pp. 194, 207–8
2656:Prior&Wilson 2005, p. 72
2622:Prior&Wilson 2005, p. 69
2541:Prior&Wilson 2005, p. 71
1816:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 80
1798:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 47
1701:Steel & Hart 1994, p. 40
1430:. 24 May 1892. p. 3072.
1280:
805:
722:
565:, and the French commander,
471:Hunter-Weston, supported by
7:
3158:. Pan Macmillan Australia.
1238:
488:Cape Helles landing beaches
478:
392:
324:Distinguished Service Order
163:Distinguished Service Order
10:
3743:
3568:Bute and Northern Ayrshire
3409:McFarland, Elaine (2014).
3217:The First Day on the Somme
2917:Simpson 2006, pp. 207, 209
1171:Bute and Northern Ayrshire
885:
783:
360:, as a brigadier-general.
354:General Officer Commanding
332:Queen's South Africa Medal
313:He later took part in the
285:Indian North West Frontier
247:Hunter-Weston was born at
201:officer who served in the
3712:People from West Kilbride
3580:
3561:
3556:
3530:
3526:Duncan Frederick Campbell
3522:
3515:
3505:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3451:First World War who's who
3242:. Yale University Press.
3173:Lo Cicero, M. S. (2011).
2770:Simpson 2006, pp. 27, 196
2083:Carlyon 2001, pp. 298–301
552:Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston.
494:V, W and X were held up.
429:near the entrance to the
154:
140:
122:
112:
102:
94:
82:
74:
62:
47:
39:
30:
23:
3617:Royal Engineers officers
2736:Travers 1987, pp. 157–60
2727:Simpson 2006, p36, 198-9
2647:Travers 1987, pp. 139–40
2604:Travers 1987, pp. 157–60
2408:Travers 2001, pp. 108–10
2381:Travers 2001, pp. 108–10
2033:Travers 2001, pp. 99–100
2008:Travers 2001, pp. 99–100
1260:Second Battle of Krithia
1147:the King of the Belgians
1084:, France, 21 April 1918.
992:, he was elected to the
990:October 1916 by-election
587:Second Battle of Krithia
425:, which was to make the
308:Staff College, Camberley
25:Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston
3551:Constituency abolished
3279:; Bourne, John (2005).
3261:. Abingdon: Routledge.
3257:Robbins, Simon (2005).
3087:Carlyon 2001, pp. 120–1
3078:Carlyon 2001, pp. 120–1
3060:Simpson 2006, pp. 182–3
2989:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
2806:Simpson 2006, pp. 207–8
2797:Middlebrook 1971 p. 296
2761:Middlebrook 1971 p. 256
2426:Carlyon 2001, pp. 401–4
2372:Carlyon 2001, pp. 401–4
2252:Travers 2001, pp. 107–8
2119:Travers 2001, pp. 103–4
2092:Travers 2001, pp. 102–3
2058:Travers 2001, pp. 102–3
1974:Carlyon 2001, pp. 276–9
1906:Carlyon 2001, pp. 236–7
1861:Carlyon 2001, pp. 236–7
1764:Carlyon 2001, pp. 120–1
1608:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
1581:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
1512:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
1494:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
1411:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
1350:Travers 1987, pp. 287–8
1265:Third Battle of Krithia
1255:First Battle of Krithia
1067:
983:
673:Third Battle of Krithia
563:First Battle of Krithia
328:mentioned in despatches
213:in 1916. He was also a
171:Mentioned in Despatches
3584:Charles Glen MacAndrew
3461:Royal Engineers Museum
3324:. Stroud: Spellmount.
3320:Simpson, Andy (2006).
3305:. Stroud: Spellmount.
3301:; Todman, Dan (2004).
2890:Sheffield 2005, p. 384
2709:Sheffield 2005, p. 197
2532:Sheffield 2005, p. 187
2487:Sheffield 2005, p. 181
1983:Travers 2001, pp. 92–3
1965:Travers 2001, pp. 92–3
1275:First day on the Somme
1270:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt
1245:Landing at Cape Helles
1233:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt
1121:Hundred Days Offensive
1085:
1021:debate in March 1917.
918:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt
897:Royal Dublin Fusiliers
824:
763:Dardanelles Commission
732:
709:Battle of Gully Ravine
553:
490:
427:landing at Cape Helles
414:
3385:. Allen & Unwin.
3377:Travers, Tim (1987).
3358:Travers, Tim (2001).
3343:. Macmillan, London.
3154:Carlyon, Les (2001).
1075:
1064:, 24 December 1917).
1040:, GOC XIX Corps, and
818:
800:Third Ypres Offensive
730:
551:
486:
423:British 29th Division
400:
339:Shorncliffe Army Camp
279:Early military career
95:Years of service
3564:Member of Parliament
3533:Member of Parliament
3123:Travers 2001, p. 104
3114:Travers 2001, p. 105
3096:Travers 1987, p. 157
3069:Simpson 2006, p. 208
3007:Carlyon 2001, p. 653
2944:Travers 2001, p. 104
2908:Simpson 2006, p. 188
2899:Simpson 2006, p. 202
2854:Simpson 2006, p. 141
2833:Simpson 2006, p. 208
2595:Travers 1987, p. 140
2523:Robbins 2005, p. 124
2435:Travers 2001, p. 110
2417:Travers 2001, p. 112
2304:Travers 2001, p. 104
2279:Carlyon 2001, p. 244
2270:Travers 2001, p. 104
2243:Carlyon 2001, p. 376
2184:Travers 2001, p. 104
2175:Carlyon 2001, p. 374
2146:Carlyon 2001, p. 373
2137:Travers 2001, p. 104
2128:Travers 2001, p. 104
2101:Travers 2001, p. 103
1888:Travers 2001, p. 104
1879:Carlyon 2001, p. 241
629:Royal Naval Division
627:(29th Division, the
16:British Army general
3341:Defeat at Gallipoli
3283:. London: Phoenix.
2953:Robbins 2005, p. 16
2935:Robbins 2005, p. 45
2872:Robbins 2005, p. 14
2863:Robbins 2005, p. 32
2824:Simpson 2006, p. 89
2815:Simpson 2006, p. 86
2788:Travers 1987, p. 13
2779:Simpson 2006, p. 42
2700:Simpson 2006, p. 34
2568:Simpson 2006, p. 31
2559:Simpson 2006, p. 34
2550:Robbins 2005, p. 74
2453:Travers 2001, p. 46
1789:Travers 2001, p. 46
1250:Battle of Gallipoli
1032:, GOC XVIII Corps,
1013:, commander of the
794:, commander of the
772:'s reinforcements (
3381:The Killing Ground
3362:. Tempus, Stroud.
3025:Matthew 2004, p283
3016:Matthew 2004, p283
2998:Matthew 2004, p283
2980:Matthew 2004, p283
2665:Matthew 2004, p283
2505:Matthew 2004, p283
2444:Matthew 2004, p283
2354:Matthew 2004, p283
2162:The London Gazette
1735:The London Gazette
1719:Matthew 2004, p283
1710:Robbins 2005, p. 4
1692:Matthew 2004, p283
1663:The London Gazette
1647:Matthew 2004, p283
1638:Matthew 2004, p283
1599:Matthew 2004, p283
1590:Matthew 2004, p283
1553:The London Gazette
1521:Matthew 2004, p283
1503:Matthew 2004, p283
1456:Matthew 2004, p283
1427:The London Gazette
1402:Matthew 2004, p283
1393:Matthew 2004, p283
1368:Matthew 2004, p283
1359:Matthew 2004, p283
1341:Matthew 2004, p283
1215:Gallipoli Memories
1162:Post-military life
1112:French Fourth Army
1086:
1078:Georges Clemenceau
1026:Battle of Messines
1011:Sir Herbert Plumer
825:
733:
660:Brigadier-General
554:
491:
419:Gallipoli campaign
415:
388:Gallipoli Campaign
302:He was on General
298:Egypt and Boer War
265:Wellington College
257:Lieutenant-Colonel
179:Lieutenant General
107:Lieutenant-General
3590:
3589:
3581:Succeeded by
3509:Beauvoir De Lisle
3506:Succeeded by
3499:GOC 29th Division
3484:Military offices
3312:978-1-86227-420-4
3290:978-0-297-84702-1
3207:978-0-19-861411-1
2845:, pp. 1–419.
2468:978-0-300-16894-5
2344:978-0-300-16894-5
2319:978-0-300-16894-5
2294:978-0-300-16894-5
2233:978-0-300-16894-5
2217:978-0-300-16894-5
2073:978-0-300-16894-5
2048:978-0-300-16894-5
2023:978-0-300-16894-5
1998:978-0-300-16894-5
1939:978-0-300-16894-5
1779:978-0-300-16894-5
1754:978-0-300-16894-5
1331:978-0-300-16894-5
1315:978-0-300-16894-5
1299:978-1-4050-3761-7
1211:Compton Mackenzie
1094:William Robertson
1036:, GOC XIV Corps,
616:, due on 7 June.
473:Admiral de Robeck
304:Herbert Kitchener
215:Scottish Unionist
176:
175:
58:23 September 1864
3734:
3682:UK MPs 1931–1935
3677:UK MPs 1929–1931
3672:UK MPs 1924–1929
3667:UK MPs 1923–1924
3662:UK MPs 1922–1923
3657:UK MPs 1918–1922
3652:UK MPs 1910–1918
3558:New constituency
3523:Preceded by
3489:Preceded by
3481:
3480:
3428:
3396:
3384:
3373:
3354:
3335:
3316:
3294:
3272:
3253:
3241:
3230:
3211:
3188:
3169:
3140:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3042:on 31 March 2016
3038:. Archived from
3032:
3026:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
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2879:
2873:
2870:
2864:
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2855:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2813:
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2798:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2753:
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2737:
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2728:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2698:
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2682:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2460:
2454:
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2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2418:
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2400:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2225:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1947:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
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1668:
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1654:
1648:
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1609:
1606:
1600:
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1558:
1557:
1544:
1538:
1528:
1522:
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1513:
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1501:
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1476:
1470:
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1412:
1409:
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1400:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1291:
1235:on 1 July 1916.
1116:Battle of Amiens
1047:
1017:, to attend the
994:House of Commons
821:Philip de László
770:Freddie Stopford
749:Ashmead-Bartlett
662:William Marshall
465:William Birdwood
438:General Hamilton
345:and was made a
232:Sir Douglas Haig
225:"donkey" general
196:
191:
84:
69:
57:
55:
35:
21:
20:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3571:
3540:
3528:
3511:
3503:March–May 1915
3502:
3494:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3404:
3402:Further reading
3399:
3393:
3370:
3351:
3332:
3313:
3299:Sheffield, Gary
3291:
3277:Sheffield, Gary
3269:
3250:
3227:
3208:
3166:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3104:
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3095:
3091:
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3077:
3073:
3068:
3064:
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3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2997:
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2988:
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2966:
2961:
2957:
2952:
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2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
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2894:
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2885:
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2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
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2760:
2756:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
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2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2545:
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2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1948:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1545:
1541:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1308:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1241:
1204:
1164:
1133:
1070:
1062:Reginald Pinney
1045:
1019:Irish Home Rule
986:
950:
930:Geoffrey Malins
927:cinematographer
910:
888:
863:and Beaucourt.
833:Somme Offensive
813:
808:
788:
782:
747:The journalist
725:
689:
641:
583:
546:
528:Queen Elizabeth
489:
481:
395:
390:
366:
364:First World War
315:Second Boer War
300:
281:
273:Royal Engineers
245:
211:Somme Offensive
203:First World War
189:
185:
169:
165:
161:
149:First World War
147:
145:Second Boer War
133:
129:
117:Royal Engineers
67:
53:
51:
43:"Hunter-Bunter"
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3740:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
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3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3537:North Ayrshire
3529:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3504:
3495:
3492:Frederick Shaw
3490:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3435:
3434:External links
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:978-3034302906
3423:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3374:
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3311:
3295:
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3267:
3254:
3248:
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3225:
3212:
3206:
3194:Matthew, Colin
3189:
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2847:
2843:Lo Cicero 2011
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1196:British Museum
1163:
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1129:
1108:Ferdinand Foch
1069:
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1002:North Ayrshire
985:
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978:Stellenbosched
949:
946:
922:Beaumont Hamel
909:
906:
887:
884:
812:
809:
807:
804:
786:Operation Hush
781:
778:
724:
721:
701:Neuve Chapelle
688:
685:
640:
637:
618:Aubrey Herbert
582:
581:Second Krithia
579:
545:
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496:Admiral Wemyss
487:
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91:
86:
80:
79:
78:United Kingdom
76:
72:
71:
70:(aged 75)
64:
60:
59:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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3350:0-330-49058-3
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3331:1-86227-292-1
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3249:0-300-10694-7
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3138:0-304-36659-5
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2758:
2752:
2751:0-275-95422-6
2748:
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2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2691:
2690:0-304-36659-5
2687:
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2637:0-304-36659-5
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2601:
2592:
2583:
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2565:
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2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2469:
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2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
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2369:
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2345:
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2326:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1956:
1955:0-304-36659-5
1952:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1751:
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1731:
1725:
1716:
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1682:0-304-36659-5
1679:
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1563:
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1536:0-304-36659-5
1533:
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1500:
1491:
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1484:0-304-36659-5
1481:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1446:0-304-36659-5
1443:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1383:0-304-36659-5
1380:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1138:Bonham-Carter
1131:Command style
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:50th Division
1055:
1054:33rd Division
1050:
1046:2/3 December.
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
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991:
981:
979:
974:
968:
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962:
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945:
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935:
934:No Man's Land
931:
928:
923:
919:
915:
905:
901:
898:
892:
883:
881:
880:31st Division
876:
872:
870:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
838:
834:
830:
822:
817:
803:
801:
797:
793:
792:Admiral Bacon
787:
777:
775:
771:
766:
764:
759:
753:
750:
745:
741:
738:
737:52nd Division
729:
720:
716:
714:
710:
704:
702:
698:
693:
684:
680:
676:
674:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
655:Henri Gouraud
651:
649:
648:
639:Third Krithia
636:
634:
633:42nd Division
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
614:52nd Division
611:
606:
604:
598:
594:
590:
588:
578:
574:
570:
568:
564:
558:
550:
544:First Krithia
541:
537:
533:
530:
529:
522:
520:
515:
511:
508:
504:
503:
497:
485:
476:
474:
469:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:
408:
404:
399:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:Western Front
361:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
295:
293:
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:West Kilbride
250:
240:
237:
233:
230:
229:Field Marshal
226:
221:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
188:
183:
180:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
131:29th Division
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
81:
77:
73:
66:18 March 1940
65:
61:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3531:
3497:
3439:
3410:
3380:
3359:
3340:
3321:
3302:
3280:
3258:
3237:
3216:
3197:
3175:
3155:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3040:the original
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2680:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2334:
2325:
2309:
2300:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2223:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2063:
2054:
2038:
2029:
2013:
2004:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1945:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1769:
1760:
1744:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1672:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1624:17 September
1622:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1562:
1551:
1542:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1474:
1461:
1452:
1436:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1321:
1305:
1289:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1213:, author of
1208:
1205:
1193:
1178:
1168:
1165:
1143:
1134:
1105:
1099:Daily Sketch
1097:
1087:
1051:
1023:
987:
973:Reserve Army
969:
958:
951:
942:
938:
911:
902:
893:
889:
877:
873:
865:
846:
826:
819:Portrait by
796:Dover Patrol
789:
767:
754:
746:
742:
734:
717:
705:
694:
690:
681:
677:
670:
659:
652:
646:
642:
622:
607:
603:Clive Wigram
599:
597:commanders.
595:
591:
584:
575:
571:
559:
555:
538:
534:
527:
523:
516:
512:
501:
492:
470:
462:
435:
416:
411:Warwickshire
367:
351:
336:
319:South Africa
312:
301:
282:
267:1875–82 and
246:
222:
199:British Army
181:
177:
141:Battles/wars
135:11th Brigade
89:British Army
68:(1940-03-18)
18:
3607:1940 deaths
3602:1864 births
3444:1803–2005:
3219:. Penguin.
2157:"No. 29245"
1730:"No. 28961"
1658:"No. 28801"
1548:"No. 27282"
1422:"No. 26290"
1202:Assessments
1015:Second Army
1000:member for
948:Under Gough
908:1 July 1916
507:Roger Keyes
431:Dardanelles
40:Nickname(s)
3596:Categories
3415:Peter Lang
3147:References
1189:Hunterston
1141:latrines.
784:See also:
666:re-entrant
625:VIII Corps
358:Colchester
343:Hunterston
249:Hunterston
243:Early life
127:VIII Corps
75:Allegiance
54:1864-09-23
3360:Gallipoli
3238:The Somme
3185:784568126
3156:Gallipoli
1569:The Times
1281:Footnotes
1180:Who's Who
1125:Le Cateau
965:Robertson
871:, 1929).
837:Rawlinson
806:The Somme
758:dysentery
723:Departure
446:Suvla Bay
417:When the
407:Dunchurch
378:the Aisne
374:Le Cateau
294:in 1895.
275:in 1884.
207:Gallipoli
98:1884–1919
3046:26 March
1239:See also
1155:Poincaré
1006:Reverend
998:Unionist
811:Planning
774:IX Corps
647:Majestic
610:New Army
519:Hamilton
502:Euryalus
479:Landings
403:George V
393:Planning
382:the King
269:Woolwich
123:Commands
83:Service/
3441:Hansard
3196:(ed.).
1467:Dongola
1151:Machado
1024:At the
996:as the
886:Patrols
869:Edmonds
761:of the
671:At the
567:d'Amade
236:Krithia
3421:
3389:
3366:
3347:
3328:
3309:
3287:
3265:
3246:
3223:
3204:
3183:
3162:
3136:
2749:
2688:
2635:
2466:
2342:
2317:
2292:
2231:
2215:
2071:
2046:
2021:
1996:
1953:
1937:
1777:
1752:
1680:
1534:
1482:
1444:
1381:
1329:
1313:
1297:
1082:Cassel
988:In an
842:Verdun
829:France
823:, 1916
697:Allies
454:Crimea
442:Helles
289:brevet
155:Awards
85:branch
1042:Jacob
1038:Watts
1034:Cavan
1030:Maxse
954:Gough
861:Serre
401:King
292:major
261:Laird
192:
190:,
3577:1935
3573:1918
3566:for
3546:1918
3542:1916
3535:for
3419:ISBN
3387:ISBN
3364:ISBN
3345:ISBN
3326:ISBN
3307:ISBN
3285:ISBN
3263:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3221:ISBN
3202:ISBN
3181:OCLC
3160:ISBN
3134:ISBN
3048:2017
2747:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2069:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1626:2006
1532:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1185:1935
1175:1918
1091:CIGS
1068:1918
984:1917
857:29th
855:and
849:31st
645:HMS
585:The
526:HMS
500:HMS
376:and
113:Unit
103:Rank
63:Died
48:Born
1173:in
853:4th
317:in
205:at
194:DSO
187:KCB
3598::
3417:.
3413:.
2159:.
1732:.
1660:.
1550:.
1424:.
963:,
936:.
851:,
631:,
433:.
409:,
334:.
251:,
220:.
218:MP
184:,
3575:–
3544:–
3427:.
3395:.
3372:.
3353:.
3334:.
3315:.
3293:.
3271:.
3252:.
3229:.
3210:.
3187:.
3168:.
3050:.
1628:.
56:)
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
