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626:, reforms in April 1965 brought an end to the Scottish Unionist Party as an independent force. It was renamed "Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party" that constitutionally then came under the control of the mainstream UK party. These, and further reforms in 1977, saw the Scottish Conservatives transformed into a regional unit, with its personnel, finances, and political offices under the control of the party leadership in London.
496:. A crucial aspect of this, particularly in the 1940s and 1950s, was the ability to place an "alien" identity upon Labour by successfully using the term "Socialist" to describe the Labour Party. This distinctively Scottish appeal was further strengthened when combined with opposition to the Labour Party's post-war
613:
brought unparalleled success as the party gained 50.1% of the vote and 36 of the 71 seats at
Westminster. Often cited as the only party to achieve a majority of the Scottish vote, six of the Conservative and Unionist MPs were returned that year under the label of Liberal Unionist or National Liberal.
678:
in
Northern Ireland that created more concrete problems. On one level, there was the residual perception of a connection that many mainstream Protestant voters associated with the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland – a perception that is unfair to a large extent since the Scottish Orange Order
432:
unity was the central thread of the
Scottish Unionist Party's belief system. While the Scottish Unionist party was linked on a Parliamentary level with the Conservative Party in England and Wales, it was conscious that it had to appeal to the liberal tradition in Scotland, and so until 1965; it
381:
After the 1912 merger of
Liberal Unionists and Conservatives as the Conservative and Unionist Party, the Scottish Unionist Party effectively acted as the Conservative Party in Scotland, although some candidates still stood on a Liberal Unionist ticket because of the latent appeal of the word
646:
rose. The decline of strictly
Protestant associations, and the loss of its Protestant working-class base, spelled the erosion of the Unionist vote. Though many Conservatives would still identify with the Kirk, most members of the established Church of Scotland did not identify themselves as
322:
did until 1972. At
Westminster, the differences between the Scottish Unionist and the English party could appear blurred or non-existent to the external casual observer, especially as many Scottish MPs were prominent in the parliamentary Conservative Party. Examples include party leaders
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than its
Northern Irish equivalent. However, the ramifications of this perception also led to the Scottish Conservative Party downplaying and ignoring past associations, which further widened the gap with the Orange Order. Any links that lingered were ultimately broken when
436:
The party built up significant working-class support by emphasising the connection between the Union, the Empire, and the fate of local industry. Unity across the classes was often cited as one of the party's planks of unionism. Along with this
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programme, which centralised control (in London) of former
Scottish-owned businesses and council-run services. The strong Scottish character of the party was even evident in relations with Conservative government ministers, when, for example,
674:
The relations between the
Scottish Conservatives with the largely working-class Orange Order also became problematic because of the perceived aristocratic connection of the former, but it was
445:
also played an important part in the party's working-class appeal. Although not explicitly articulated by the party, lest it alienate what small but wealthy middle and upper-class
1332:
544:
With the
Liberal Party divided and declining, the Scottish Unionist Party managed to attract former Liberal voters during this period – sometimes with candidates standing on a
614:
This apparent success was the prelude to a number of events that weakened the appeal of both the Scottish Unionist Party and the Scottish Conservatives that followed.
590:, a majority of Labour MPs was returned again, but the Scottish Unionist Party closed the gap by returning 32 MPs. At the subsequent Conservative election victory of
663:. Combined with the new name, this helped turn previous Unionist voters to the Labour Party and the SNP, which advanced considerably at the two general elections of
378:. The Liberal Unionists quickly agreed to an electoral pact with the Tories, and in Scotland this overcame the former electoral dominance of the Scottish Liberals.
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studiously avoided using the term "Conservative". For example, it used Conservative Party literature but changed the word 'Conservative' to 'Unionist'.
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newspaper switching from endorsing the Unionists to the Labour Party, the Conservative Party in the 1960s was mercilessly portrayed as a party of the
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when they expressed their support for the synthesis of "two fundamental ideas of human individuality and of service to others and to the community."
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appointment; however, it was Gilmour who, as the Secretary for Scotland, repudiated the Church of Scotland's highly controversial report entitled "
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346:. This relationship ended when the Conservatives started fielding their own candidates, who stood against both Labour and the Progressives.
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Map of the results of the 1955 general election in Scotland; often cited as a high point for the Unionist Party. This map needs a key
374:. Before this, the Tory party in Scotland had never achieved parity with the dominant Whig and Scottish Liberal ascendancy since the
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Torrance, David (April 2018). "'Standing up for Scotland': The Scottish Unionist Party and 'nationalist unionism', 1912–68".
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With Church of Scotland membership peaking at 1,300,000 in 1955 – or over one-quarter of Scotland's population – the
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This chart shows the electoral results of the Scottish Unionist Party, from its first general election contested in
394:
Map of the results of the 1931 general election in Scotland; when the Unionists won a record 66% of Scottish seats.
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as a threat to the middle-classes resulted in the Scottish Unionists gaining a majority of Scottish seats at the
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The party traditionally did not stand at the local government level but it instead supported and assisted the
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1284:"The Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party: 'the lesser spotted Tory'?" by Dr David Seawright
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Being an independent Scottish party also drew electoral appeal when set against the threat of a
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support it had, this appeal was projected through the endorsement and promotion of well-known
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during an electoral backlash against the Labour Party that resulted in the creation of the
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575:. The Scottish Unionist Party won 79% of the Scottish seats that year, 58 out of 73. In
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in their appeal to potential Labour voters. This projected an image of flexibility and
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695:. This event witnessed Orange Lodges (amongst other supporters) setting up their own
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admitted he would be at odds with Scotland's Unionist Party for refusing the post of
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candidates. Those who became members of parliament (MPs) would take the Conservative
303:
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594:, an equal number of Labour and Unionist MPs were returned from Scotland, 35, with
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306:, it stood for election at different periods of its history in alliance with a few
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This article is about the historical party. For the unrelated modern party, see
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was the main centre-right political party in Scotland between 1912 and 1965.
971:(Unionists & National Liberal total was 50.1% of the vote and 36 seats)
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Following electoral defeat when the Party lost six seats in Scotland at the
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The party's campaigns reflected their desire to reconcile the themes of
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The origins of the Scottish Unionist Party lie in the 1886 split of the
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750:'Coalition' Conservative Hung Parliament / 'Coalition' Liberal Victory
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came to an end, so too did the primacy of Protestant associations, as
1289:"Baldwin and Scotland: More than Englishness" by Gabrielle Ward-Smith
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715:. Total number of seats, and vote percentage, is for Scotland only.
42:
1346:
586:. The Unionists won only 30 of the (now) 71 Scottish seats. At the
232:
555:
Within this context, their support grew, and the emergence of the
531:
582:
This remained the case until Labour's landslide victory at the
489:
563:, with 37 out of Scotland's 73 seats. Suffering a setback in
1205:"Scottish Conservatism: A Party Organization in Transition"
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has dealt more stringently with members associating with
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The Menace of the Irish Race to our Scottish Nationality
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1247:"British Statewide Parties and Multilevel Politics"
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
465:had strong support. Prominent Orangemen included
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461:in areas of west and central Scotland where the
27:Former centre-right political party in Scotland
1294:Number of Scottish MPs by Party 1868 – present
1098:"School of Politics and International Studies"
532:Electoral record and the 1955 general election
298:Independent of, although associated with, the
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1414:Scottish United Trades Councils Labour Party
1279:Official Scottish Conservative Party website
579:they returned a reduced majority of 45 MPs.
1150:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 221.
1419:Scottish Workers' Representation Committee
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885:National Government (Conservative) Victory
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1561:East Dunbartonshire Independent Alliance
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1629:List of political parties by country
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624:1964 United Kingdom general election
567:, they reasserted themselves at the
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331:(1963–1965), both of whom served as
65:adding citations to reliable sources
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1685:1965 disestablishments in Scotland
1254:Publius: The Journal of Federalism
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1221:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1966.tb00399.x
1144:Hassan, Gerry; Shaw, Eric (2012).
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1115:An Important Matter of Principle
366:. The union in question was the
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1304:17 October 2012 at the
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382:"Liberal" in Scotland.
246:Political position
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1266:10.1093/publius/pjj008
1190:10.3366/scot.2018.0235
772:Conservative Victory (
630:Consequences of merger
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1624:Elections in Scotland
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329:Sir Alec Douglas-Home
1665:Unionism in Scotland
1614:Politics of Scotland
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992:Conservative Victory
969:Conservative Victory
947:Conservative Victory
863:Conservative Victory
821:Conservative Victory
730:Outcome of election
492:-based centralising
271:Politics of Scotland
257:National affiliation
61:improve this article
1245:Hopkin, J. (2006),
604:Orkney and Shetland
573:National Government
469:, the intermittent
228:British imperialism
1133:. 22 January 1996.
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1260:: 135–152,
1072:, 1965–1967
1066:, 1963–1965
1060:, 1962–1963
1054:, 1950–1962
1037:, 1924–1926
1031:, 1916–1923
691:signed the
661:aristocracy
511:Westminster
455:John Buchan
236:regionalism
1644:Categories
1601:Solidarity
1460:Moderates
1363:Kirk Party
658:Anglicised
640:secularism
596:Jo Grimond
526:pragmatism
370:, not the
87:newspapers
1226:18 August
1077:Footnotes
721:Election
650:With the
644:ecumenism
459:Orangemen
325:Bonar Law
281:Elections
170:Dissolved
1356:Historic
1302:Archived
665:February
447:Catholic
430:imperial
428:Popular
233:Scottish
210:Ideology
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669:October
634:As the
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350:Origins
162:Founded
101:scholar
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1043:, 1928
1003:37.3%
981:39.8%
958:41.5%
936:39.9%
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874:42.0%
852:49.5%
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