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with pig snouts, others are misshapen, and several are depicted as dwarves. One pygmy in particular is depicted as mounting a horse with the assistance of a ladder. On the far right, there is a man with elephantine ears, while in the center we see a man covered in feathers. The architects and artisans depicted the unbelievers as physically grotesque in order to provide a visual image of what they saw as the non-believers' moral turpitude. This is a direct reflection of
Western perceptions of foreigners such as the Moors, who were being specifically targeted by the Crusaders. Even Pope Urban II, in his call for a crusade, helped promote this ethnocentric perception of the Turks by calling on westerners to, "exterminate this vile race." Most Westerners had absolutely no idea what the Turks and Muslims looked like, and they assumed that an absence of Christianity must coincide with repulsive physical attributes. It has also been argued that the disbelievers were carved as deformed monsters in an effort to dehumanize them. By dehumanizing their enemies in art, the Crusaders' mission to capture the holy land and convert or kill the Muslims was glorified and sanctified. The Vézelay lintel is, therefore, a political statement as well as a religious one.
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demons and devils. These acts are represented in the upper four compartments of the Vézelay tympanum. In one compartment, a pair of lepers is shown with looks of astonishment as they compare limbs that have been miraculously healed. The demons are analogous to the non-Christians inhabiting the holy land. In reference to the
Turkish take-over of the holy lands, Pope Urban said, "What a disgrace that a race so despicable, degenerate, and enslaved by demons should thus overcome a people endowed with faith in Almighty God!" It is not difficult to see the parallel between the Apostles' mission of casting out demons, and the designer's view of the crusaders' mission of casting out "a race ... enslaved by demons." It is further evidence of the Vézelay portal's peculiar political motives.
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The Vézelay Christ, however, is pictured contraposto with arms wide. He is delivering a message, not exacting punishment. The Vézelay tympanum is remarkable because it is so different. The Vézelay Christ is sending the
Crusaders out—he is not judging them. Indeed, the Crusaders were guaranteed remission of all sins if they participated in the Crusades. A forbidding Christ placed upon the throne of judgment would have been out of place at Vézelay. That is why the traditional Romanesque Christ, with its angry stare, was replaced at Vézelay by a kind and welcoming Christ with arms wide open.
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down and reforged as wrought iron railings surrounding the
Magdalene's altar. Thus the erection of one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture which followed was made possible by pilgrims to the declared relics and these tactile examples demonstrating the efficacy of prayers. Mary Magdalene is the prototype of the penitent, and Vézelay has remained an important place of
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every detail. These compartments can, therefore, can be seen as an allegory for the crusading nations. The
Crusader armies were made up of many different nationalities bound only by faith in the same God. Nations that had previously warred with one another were suddenly united for a common goal. The lower tympanum compartments are an expression of this newfound solidarity.
472:, the Angevin king of Sicily. When Charles erected a Dominican convent at La Sainte-Baume, the shrine was found intact, with an explanatory inscription stating why the relics had been hidden. The local Dominican friars compiled an account of miracles that these relics had wrought. This discovery undermined Vézelay's position as the principal shrine of the Magdalene in Europe.
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While the lower four compartments represent the
Christian nations, the upper four compartments are a representation of the second mission of the Apostles. According to the Bible, "many wonders and signs were done by the apostles." These wonders included the healing of the sick and the casting out of
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tympanum. The
Moissac Christ is a forbidding figure that sits upon the throne of judgment. It is another example of the typical Romanesque Christ. His face is without caring or emotion. He holds the scrolls containing the deeds of mankind, and he stands ready to execute punishment on the damned.
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The lintel of the Vézelay portal portrays the "ungodly" people of the world. It is a depiction of the first
Pentecostal Mission to spread the word of God to all the people of the world. The figures in the tympanum who have not received the Word of God are depicted as not fully human. Some are shown
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The characters in the lower Vézelay compartments are regal and well proportioned. They are a direct contrast to their "heathen" counterparts in the lintel. They are human as opposed to monstrous. In the eyes of the designers, they had received God's grace and are thus pictured as fully human in
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wrote, "To most people the term
Romanesque sculpture brings to mind a large church portal, dominated by a tympanum carved with an apocalyptic vision, usually the Last Judgment." This is true in most cases, but Vézelay is an exception. In a 1944 article, Adolf Katzenellenbogen interpreted Vézelay's
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to be Mary
Magdalene. The monks of Vézelay pronounced this to be Mary Magdalene's tomb, from which her relics had been translated to their abbey. Freed captives then brought their chains as votive objects to the abbey, and it was the newly elected Abbot Geoffroy in 1037 who had the ironwork melted
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Vézelay's political motivation becomes all the more apparent when compared with contemporary portal designs from other churches around France. The Vézelay lintel is distinct, but some comparisons can be made between it and other Romanesque portal sculptures of the time. Vézelay's lintel is
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fathers charged with stewardship of the Vézelay sanctuary, discovered that beyond the customary east-west orientation of the structure, the architecture of La Madeleine incorporates the relative positions of the Earth and the Sun into its design. Every June, just before the
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To accommodate the influx of pilgrims a new abbey church was begun, dedicated on April 21, 1104, but the expense of building so increased the tax burden on the abbey's lands that the peasants rose up and killed the abbot. The crush of pilgrims was such that an extended
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chapter 2—proclaiming to the visiting laity the tenets of Benedictine monasticism and to visiting pilgrims the extent and reach of a universalizing church that welcomes "the full, even monstrous range of the globe's inhabitants."
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was appointed to supervise a massive and successful restoration, undertaken in several stages between 1840 and 1861, during which his team replaced a great deal of the weathered and vandalized sculpture. The
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of France met and joined their armies for a combined western invasion of the holy land. It is appropriate, therefore, that Vézelay's portal reflect its place in the history of the crusades.
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conveying his message to the Apostles, who flank him on either side. This Christ is distinct in Romanesque architecture. He is a stark contrast to the angry Christ of the
461:, which had reformed its rule and sought to maintain control of the abbot within its hierarchy; the townsmen of Vézelay, who demanded a modicum of communal self-government.
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in that both show humans who have sinned. While the Vézelay lintel is devoted to the depiction of "heathens," the Autun lintel shows the damned souls on
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Delautre, Hugues (October 1979). "Entretien au sujet des éclairages des solstices à Vézelay" [Discussion of solstice illuminations at Vézelay].
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is different from its counterparts across Europe. From the beginning, its tympanum was specifically designed to function as a spiritual defense of the
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Delautre, Hugue; Gréal, Jacqueline (1981). "Architecture cosmique et mystique de la lumière" [Cosmic and mystical architecture of light].
545:, but Vézelay remained a central figure in the history of the crusades. The tympanum was completed in 1130. Fifteen years after its completion,
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raiders. In the 9th century, the abbey was refounded under the guidance of Badilo, who became an affiliate of the reformed Benedictine order of
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planned on announcing his call for a crusade at La Madeleine. In 1095, Urban altered his plans and preached for the First Crusade at the
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The central portion of the Vézelay tympanum continues this process of politicizing religion. The central tympanum shows a benevolent
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Delautre, Hugues (October 1979). "Regard renouvelé sur l'église de la Madeleine" [Fresh look at the church of La Madeleine].
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906:. see footnote on cited page for Katzenellenbogen article citation; (access is restricted on JSTOR). Boydell Press. p. 207.
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After the Revolution, Vézelay stood in danger of collapse. In 1834 the newly appointed French inspector of historical monuments,
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The lower four compartments of the Vézelay tympanum show the nations that had already received the Gospels. They include the
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The primary source for the history of Vézelay is a codex compiled in the twelfth century, containing the abbey's annals, a
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The beginning of Vézelay's decline coincided with the well-publicized discovery in 1279 of the body of Mary Magdalene at
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in 1569, the building suffered neglect in the 17th and the 18th centuries and some further damage during the period of
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The abbey's self-assured monastic community was prepared to defend its liberties and privileges against all comers: the
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1066:] (in French). Abbaye Sainte-Marie de la Pierre-qui-Vire (Yonne): Editions Zodiaque. pp. 21, 105–109.
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and to portray a Christian allegory to the Crusaders' mission. When compared to contemporary churches such as
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windows casts a series of illuminated spots precisely along the longitudinal center of the nave floor.
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Turks through warfare, and they were eager to seek western military support to reclaim that territory.
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1022:. Solstices à Vézelay (in French). Vol. 122. Les ateliers de la Pierre-qui-Vire. pp. 7–16.
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1007:. Solstices à Vézelay (in French). Vol. 122. Les ateliers de la Pierre-qui-Vire. pp. 1–6.
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Voreux, Damien (1994). "Les jeux de la pierre et du soleil" [Games of sun and stone].
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The art historian Peter Low argues for the central tympanum as a visualization of both the
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sermon in 1166, announcing the excommunication of the main supporters of his English King,
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in 1979 because of their importance in medieval Christianity and outstanding architecture.
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Floorplan of Vézelay shows the adjustment in vaulting between the choir and the new nave.
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Geary, Patrick. Readings in Medieval History. Canada: Broadview Press, 1997. Pg. 388
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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936:""You Who Once Were Far Off": Enlivening Scripture in the Main Portal at Vézelay"
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Early Christian basilica, Chapel of Saint-Julien (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges)
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Looking east through nave on 23 June 1976, two days after the summer solstice
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met there and spent three months at the Abbey in 1190 before leaving for the
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Monumenta Vizeliacensia: Textes relatifs à l'histoire de l'abbaye de Vézelay
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for the Catholic faithful, though the actual claimed relics were torched by
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of Vézelay was founded, as many abbeys were, on land that had been a late
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Hospice of the Plan and chapel of Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption (Aragnouet)
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The intervention of Viollet-le-Duc is briefly told in Kevin D. Murphy,
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Bridge called "des pèlerins" over river Boralde (Saint-Chély-d'Aubrac)
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Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Abbey of St Michael of Frigolet
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Church of Saint-Jacques-Le-Majeur et Saint-Jean-Baptiste (Folleville)
1037:(in French). Lescuyer, Lyon: Editions Franciscaines. pp. 27–29.
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in Provence, carved on an empty sarcophagus, a representation of the
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About 1050 the monks of Vézelay began to claim to hold the relics of
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780:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
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Oursel, Raymond (1993). "Les taches solaires" [Sunspots].
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Basilica of the Holy Saviour and Our Lady of Miracles and Virtues
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Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)
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Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception (Upper Church)
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Church of Saint-Sauveur and crypt of Saint-Amadour (Rocamadour)
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Priory church of Sainte-Croix-Notre-Dame (La Charité-sur-Loire)
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1091:(in French). Edilarge: Editions Ouest-France. pp. 15–18.
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athedral Basilica of Our Lady of Grace and the Holy Sepulchre
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Church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Fin-des-Terres (Soulac-sur-Mer)
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Prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère valley
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This occasioned the compiling of the codex now at Auxerre.
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chose Vézelay as the place from which he would call for a
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Collegial church of Saint-Étienne (Neuvy-Saint-Sépulchre)
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Parochial church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste (Gavarnie-Gèdre)
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Royal abbey of Saint-Jean-Baptiste (Saint-Jean-d'Angély)
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Romanesque Art. New York: University Books, 1971. Pg. 57
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Between Nasbinals and Saint-Chély-d'Aubrac (17 km)
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Bridge of Artigues or Lartigues (Beaumont/Larressingle)
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and depicting the Pentecostal mission of the Apostles.
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of Vézelay declared that he had detected in a crypt at
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12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France
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Thirty years before the Vézelay tympanum was carved,
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Christian monasteries established in the 9th century
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Basilica of Our Lady of Aiguebelle, Aiguebelle Abbey
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Jerusalem monastic community Vézelay - present state
818:, and much besides, in the Bibliothèque municipale,
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Cathedral Basilica of St Gervasius and St Protasius
522:, the distinctiveness of Vézelay becomes apparent.
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351:in Galicia, in the north-western corner of Spain.
2923:Church of Notre-Dame de Tramesaygues (Audressein)
2868:Between Saint-Côme-d'Olt and Estaing (17 km)
2716:Church of Saint-Léonard (Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat)
1791:Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
1599:Cathedral Basilica of St Cyriacus and St Julietta
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407:in 1132, to help accommodate the pilgrim throng.
288:The church and hill at Vézelay were added to the
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1700:Basilica of St Albinus and Our Lady of Good News
738:, when the sunlight coming through the southern
331:and devolved to a Carolingian count, Girart, of
2851:Gate of Saint Jacques (Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port)
2821:Church of Saint-Blaise (L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise)
1753:Basilica of St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort
903:Maps of Medieval Thought: The Hereford Paradigm
876:Memory and Modernity: Viollet-le-Duc at Vézelay
826:(Corpus Christianorum) Turnhout, Belgium, 1976.
2726:Former abbey of Notre-Dame de la Sauve Majeure
1690:Basilica of St Remigius (Abbey of St Remigius)
453:, who challenged its claims to exemption; the
403:(an enclosed porch) was built, inaugurated by
327:). The villa had passed into the hands of the
2770:Church of Sainte-Quitterie (Aire-sur-l'Adour)
2609:Parochial church of Saint-Jacques (Compiègne)
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1918:
1852:Basilica of St Mary Magdalene (Vézelay Abbey)
1604:Cathedral Basilica of St Mary and St Reparata
1150:
1032:
838:
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801:, L’abbaye de Vézelay, Paris 1930, pp. 18-19.
553:. Vézelay was even the staging point for the
2842:Collegial church of Saint-Pierre (La Romieu)
1612:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady and St Castor
1542:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady and St Privat
1288:Cathedral Basilica of St John the Evangelist
1246:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady and St Vedast
752:Commons:Great Romanesque tympanums in France
2874:Between Faycelles and Cajarc (22.5 km)
2836:Hospital of Saint-Jacques (Le Puy-en-Velay)
2677:Church of Saint-Jacques d’Asquins (Asquins)
2125:, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance
2972:, episcopal palace, rempart (Saint-Lizier)
2547:Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France
2538:
2524:
2343:Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France
2142:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
1925:
1911:
1558:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter and St Paul
1520:Basilica of St Victor (Abbey of St Victor)
1489:Basilica of St Pius X (Underground Church)
1357:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Chartres
1264:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Doms
1157:
1143:
829:
598:Comparison with other contemporary portals
45:
2941:Church of Notre-Dame-du-Bourg (Rabastens)
2871:Between Montredon and Figeac (18 km)
2845:Church of Saint-Avit (Saint-Avit-Sénieur)
2825:Abbey church pf Saint-Pierre and cloister
2777:Abbey church of Notre-Dame de la Nativité
1663:Cathedral Basilica of St John the Baptist
1493:Basilica of St Martin of the Sacred Heart
1349:Cathedral Basilica of St Francis de Sales
1271:Basilica of St Gervasius and St Protasius
1125:Vézelay page on the site Bourgogne Romane
700:
343:. Vézelay also stood at the beginning of
261:in the east-central French department of
2883:Between d'Aroue and Ostabat (22 km)
2880:Between Lectoure and Condom (35 km)
2160:Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe
1455:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Le Puy
1419:Basilica of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart
1017:
1002:
768:
766:
712:
704:
679:
630:
584:
389:
247:Abbaye Sainte-Marie-Madeleine de Vézelay
2681:Former cathedral of Saint-Jean-Baptiste
2378:Pitons, cirques and remparts of Réunion
2013:Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars
1635:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Paris
1625:Basilica of Our Lady, Mont Sainte-Odile
1583:Basilica of St Donatius and St Rogatius
1164:
1035:La Madeleine de Vézelay, Guide et plans
14:
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2618:Bell tower of the old church (Mimizan)
2310:The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier
1654:Basilica of Our Lady of Perpetual Help
1608:Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption
1588:Old Cathedral of St Just and St Pastor
1475:Basilica of Our Lady of the Good Guard
1198:Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Saviour
1086:
1057:
468:in Provence, given regal patronage by
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2244:Roman and Romanesque monuments, Arles
1906:
1835:Basilica of Our Lady of the Holy Cord
1831:Cathedral Basilica of St Apollinarius
1724:Basilica of St Benedict, Fleury Abbey
1640:Basilica of St Clotilde and St Valery
1484:Basilica of the Rosary (Lower Church)
1341:Basilica of St Nazarius and St Celsus
1293:Basilica of SS Ferreolus and Ferrutio
1254:Cathedral Basilica of St Mary of Auch
1138:
899:
763:
721:In 1976, Hugues Delautre, one of the
666:
626:
347:through France for pilgrims going to
216:
186:
2981:Hospital of Saint-Jacques (Toulouse)
2877:Between Bach and Cahors (26 km)
2647:Abbey of Saint-Jean (Sorde-l'Abbaye)
1720:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Succour
1620:Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Cross
1546:Basilica of St Michael the Archangel
1428:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Succour
1361:Basilica of Our Lady of the Children
1307:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Succour
1300:Basilica of Our Lady of Bon-Encontre
1278:Cathedral Basilica of St Christopher
717:Mary Magdalene's relics in the crypt
3019:Romanesque architecture in Burgundy
2984:Basilica of Saint-Just (Valcabrère)
2806:Bridge over river Dourdou (Conques)
1808:Basilica of Our Lady of the Daurade
1686:Basilica of Our Lady of Deliverance
1515:Cathedral Basilica of St Mary Major
1425:Basilica of Our Lady of Thierenbach
1387:Basilica of Our Lady of Deliverance
1297:Basilica of Our Lady of the Trinity
933:
839:Susan Haskins (30 September 2011).
728:feast day of Saint John the Baptist
370:, when Jesus' head was anointed by
24:
2970:cathedral of Notre-Dame-de-la-Sède
2815:Hospital of Saint-Jacques (Figeac)
1856:Basilica of Our Lady of the Willow
1706:Basilica of Our Lady of Rocamadour
1562:Basilica of Our Lady of the Tables
1443:Basilica of Our Lady of La Salette
1431:Basilica of Our Lady of Montligeon
845:. Random House. pp. 115–118.
438:, in exile, chose Vézelay for his
414:preached at Vézelay in favor of a
25:
3075:
3049:Romanesque architecture in France
3029:Buildings and structures in Yonne
3009:Benedictine monasteries in France
2818:Dolmen of Pech-Laglaire (Gréalou)
2731:Church of Saint-Pierre (La Sauve)
2644:Church of Saint-Eutrope (Saintes)
1703:Basilica of St Amabilis, Ricomage
1682:Cathedral Basilica of St Corentin
1650:Basilica of Our Lady of Victories
1500:Basilica of Our Lady of Fourvière
1467:Basilica of Our Lady of Marceille
1446:Basilica of Our Lady of Avénières
1440:Basilica of St John Francis Regis
1396:Basilica of Our Lady of the White
1203:Basilica of Our Lady of Brebières
1108:
675:
303:can be seen inside the Basilica.
2932:Church of Saint-Laurent (Jézeau)
2929:Church of Saint-Jacques (Gazost)
2657:
2633:Church of Saint-Hilaire le Grand
2114:Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans
1979:
1885:
1866:
1763:Basilica of Our Lady of Miracles
1749:Basilica of Our Lady of the Laus
1729:Cathedral Basilica of St Stephen
1537:Cathedral Basilica of St Stephen
1533:Basilica of Our Lady of Miracles
1530:Basilica of Our Lady of Miracles
1416:Basilica of Our Lady of Paradise
1412:Basilica of Our Lady, Marienthal
1371:Basilica of Our Lady of the Port
1353:Basilica of Our Lady of Mézières
1322:Basilica of Our Lady of Boulogne
1259:Cathedral Basilica of St Lazarus
1208:Cathedral Basilica of St Cecilia
479:(more familiar as the author of
215:
208:
185:
178:
2812:Bridge over river Lot (Estaing)
2638:Former pilgrims hospital (Pons)
2615:Church of Saint-Hilaire (Melle)
2091:Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin
1859:Basilica of Our Lady of the Oak
1804:Basilica of St Francis de Sales
1777:Basilica of Our Lady of Victory
1717:Basilica of Sainte-Anne-d'Auray
1678:Basilica of Our Lady of Buglose
1616:Basilica of Our Lady of Orcival
1576:Basilica of Our Lady of Lourdes
1422:Basilica of Our Lady of Roncier
1364:Basilica of St John the Baptist
1331:Basilica of Our Lady of Ceignac
1212:Basilica of Our Lady of Alençon
1080:
1051:
1026:
1011:
996:
987:
978:
494:that support the nave are his.
3024:World Heritage Sites in France
2945:Former cathedral of Notre-Dame
2086:Belfries of Belgium and France
2003:Belfries of Belgium and France
1934:World Heritage Sites in France
1847:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
1839:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter
1787:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
1737:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter
1710:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
1675:Basilica of Our Lady of Prayer
1668:Cathedral Basilica of St Peter
1658:Cathedral Basilica of St Front
1566:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
1505:Basilica of St Martin of Ainay
1463:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
1459:Basilica of Our Lady of Liesse
1283:Basilica of Our Lady of Sewing
1274:Basilica of Our Lady of Beaune
1268:Basilica of Our Lady of Avioth
1216:Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady
927:
893:
881:
868:
859:
804:
792:
498:Interpretation of the tympanum
13:
1:
3014:Cluniac monasteries in France
2966:Former cathedral and cloister
2947:(Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges)
2368:French Austral Lands and Seas
1950:Palace and Park of Versailles
1510:Basilica of Our Lady of Guard
1450:Basilica of Our Lady of Épine
1393:Basilica of Our Lady of Épine
1375:Basilica of Our Lady of Cléry
1220:Basilica of St Mary Magdalene
842:Mary Magdalen: Truth and Myth
561:the Lionheart of England and
530:tympanum as referring to the
506:of the central portal of the
466:Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
2914:Church of St Honorat (Arles)
2795:Church of Notre-Dame-du-Port
2735:Basilica of Sainte-Madeleine
2693:Church of Notre-Dame-en-Vaux
1783:Basilica of Our Lady of Zion
1733:Basilica of Our Lady of Hope
1714:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
1645:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
1630:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
1573:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
1527:Basilica of St Peter Fourier
1524:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
1434:Basilica of Our Lady of Pity
1408:Basilica of Our Lady of Help
1405:Basilica of the Sacred Heart
1381:Basilica of Our Lady of Dole
1378:Basilica of the Holy Saviour
1367:Basilica of the Holy Trinity
984:Marilyn Sostad. Medieval Art
778:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
418:at Easter 1146, in front of
345:one of the four major routes
7:
3044:Basilica churches in France
1672:Basilica of Our Lady of Joy
1120:Maison du visiteur, Vezelay
745:
572:and a passage from book of
51:The abbey church in Vézelay
10:
3080:
2801:Abbey church of Sainte-Foy
2783:Cathedral of Saint-Etienne
2765:Cathedral of Saint Caprais
2687:Cathedral of Saint-Etienne
2556:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2395:Shared locally with other
2290:Roman Theatre and environs
2183:Port of the Moon, Bordeaux
2040:Former Abbey of Saint-Rémi
1977:
1384:Basilica of St Joan of Arc
1223:Basilica of the Visitation
1130:Gallery of detailed images
900:Kline, Naomi Reed (2003).
774:"Vézelay, Church and Hill"
306:
38:UNESCO World Heritage Site
27:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2962:(Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert)
2918:Cathedral of Sainte-Marie
2894:
2858:
2757:
2744:
2666:
2655:
2586:Cathedral of Sainte-Marie
2562:
2553:
2391:
2356:
2302:
2234:
2206:
2168:
2150:
2099:
2076:
1988:
1940:
1875:
1864:
1345:Basilica of St Maxellende
1188:
1170:
814:, a history of the early
580:
374:, who was assumed in the
172:
133:
117:
109:
101:
89:
79:
69:
56:
44:
35:
2976:Basilica of Saint-Sernin
2711:Cathedral of Saint-Front
2604:Cathedral of Saint-André
2598:Basilica of Saint-Michel
2592:Basilica of Saint-Seurin
2373:Lagoons of New Caledonia
2320:Fortifications of Vauban
1746:Basilica of St Eutropius
1312:Basilica of St Severinus
1241:Basilica of St Trophimus
757:
31:Vézelay, Church and Hill
2960:Former abbey of Gellone
2831:Cathedral of Notre-Dame
2779:(Le Buisson-de-Cadouin)
2574:Cathedral of Notre-Dame
2068:Vézelay Church and hill
2036:Cathedral of Notre-Dame
1813:Basilica of St Saturnin
1768:Old Cathedral of St Pol
1758:Basilica of St Nicholas
1694:Basilica of St Clotilde
1579:Basilica of St Nicholas
1317:Basilica of St. Michael
279:Sacked by the Huguenots
2954:Former abbatial church
2936:Church of Sainte-Marie
2702:Basilica of Notre-Dame
2695:(Châlons-en-Champagne)
2580:Church of Saint-Pierre
2453:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2274:, Episcopal Ensemble,
1892:Catholicism portal
1780:Basilica of St Andoche
1773:Basilica of St Quentin
1549:Basilica of St Vincent
1471:Basilica of St Theresa
1390:Basilica of St Maurice
718:
710:
701:Astronomical alignment
685:
636:
590:
395:
349:Santiago de Compostela
246:
224:Vézelay Abbey (France)
2938:(Oloron-Sainte-Marie)
2809:Old Bridge (Espalion)
2193:Pyrénées – Mont Perdu
1821:Basilica of St Tudwal
1817:Basilica of St Martin
1402:Basilica of St Joseph
1327:Basilica of St Julian
1250:Basilica of St Sixtus
1226:Basilica of St Joseph
716:
708:
694:St. Pierre de Moissac
683:
634:
588:
520:St. Pierre de Moissac
487:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
393:
387:in the 16th century.
283:the French Revolution
2358:Overseas departments
2178:Episcopal city, Albi
1964:Paris: Banks of the
1843:Basilica of Our Lady
1826:Basilica of St Urban
1742:Basilica of St Peter
1595:Basilica of St James
1570:Basilica of St Aprus
1496:Basilica of St Peter
1437:Basilica of Our Lady
1399:Basilica of Our Lady
1237:Basilica of St Denis
1234:Basilica of Our Lady
589:Detail of right side
563:King Philip Augustus
547:Bernard of Clairvaux
508:Madeleine de Vézelay
424:Richard I of England
412:Bernard of Clairvaux
294:World Heritage Sites
267:Saint Mary Magdalene
199:Show map of Burgundy
157:47.46639°N 3.74861°E
3039:Landmarks in France
2338:Chalonnes-sur-Loire
2249:Carcassonne citadel
2108:Great Saltworks of
1592:Basilica of St Paul
1165:Basilicas of France
1060:Lumières de Vézelay
934:Low, Peter (2003).
557:. It is there that
543:Council of Clermont
428:Philip II of France
195:Location of Vézelay
153: /
125:.basiliquedevezelay
32:
2797:(Clermont-Ferrand)
2627:Tour Saint-Jacques
2258:Calanches de Piana
2078:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
2018:Chartres Cathedral
1303:Basilica of St Ann
1230:Basilica of St Ann
962:– via Jstor.
719:
711:
686:
684:The central portal
667:Upper compartments
637:
627:Lower compartments
603:comparable to the
591:
525:The art historian
516:St. Lazare d'Autun
396:
368:Unction at Bethany
227:Show map of France
30:
3054:Churches in Yonne
2991:
2990:
2890:
2889:
2833:(Le Puy-en-Velay)
2622:Mont-Saint-Michel
2513:
2512:
2059:Mont-Saint-Michel
2049:Abbey of Fontenay
2008:Bourges Cathedral
1900:
1899:
1064:Lights of Vézelay
888:Zarnecki, George.
852:978-1-4464-9942-9
492:flying buttresses
236:
235:
162:47.46639; 3.74861
16:(Redirected from
3071:
2755:
2754:
2670:Via Lemovicensis
2667:Vézelay Route or
2661:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2303:Multiple regions
2266:Scandola Reserve
2262:Gulf of Girolata
2110:Salins-les-Bains
1998:Amiens Cathedral
1983:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1870:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1103:
1102:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
964:
963:
940:The Art Bulletin
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
897:
891:
885:
879:
872:
866:
863:
857:
856:
836:
827:
816:counts of Nevers
808:
802:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
770:
635:Detail of centre
455:counts of Nevers
451:bishops of Autun
405:Pope Innocent II
319:, of Vercellus (
311:The Benedictine
228:
219:
218:
212:
200:
189:
188:
182:
168:
167:
165:
164:
163:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
129:
126:
124:
110:Buffer zone
49:
39:
33:
29:
21:
18:Abbey of Vézelay
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3064:Solar alignment
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2896:
2886:
2854:
2746:
2745:Le Puy Route or
2740:
2668:
2662:
2653:
2564:
2558:
2549:
2544:
2514:
2509:
2477:North Macedonia
2387:
2360:and territories
2359:
2352:
2334:Sully-sur-Loire
2298:
2230:
2216:Chaîne des Puys
2202:
2164:
2146:
2123:Place Stanislas
2095:
2072:
1984:
1975:
1936:
1931:
1901:
1896:
1884:
1871:
1862:
1184:
1175:Catholic Church
1166:
1163:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1031:
1027:
1016:
1012:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
967:
952:10.2307/3177383
932:
928:
918:
916:
914:
898:
894:
886:
882:
873:
869:
864:
860:
853:
837:
830:
809:
805:
797:
793:
783:
781:
772:
771:
764:
760:
748:
703:
678:
669:
629:
600:
583:
527:George Zarnecki
500:
477:Prosper Mérimée
372:Mary of Bethany
309:
232:
231:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
203:
202:
201:
198:
197:
196:
192:
191:
190:
161:
159:
155:
152:
147:
144:
142:
140:
139:
121:
75:Cultural: i, vi
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:Mary Magdalene
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2963:
2957:
2956:(Saint-Gilles)
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:Pont du Diable
2902:
2900:
2895:Arles Route or
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2761:
2759:
2752:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2566:Via Turonensis
2563:Paris Route or
2560:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2465:Czech Republic
2437:
2431:
2409:
2403:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2294:Triumphal Arch
2283:
2278:
2276:Avignon Bridge
2268:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2126:
2116:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2032:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1990:Parisian basin
1986:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1954:Fontainebleau
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1882:
1880:Basilicas list
1876:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1109:External links
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1079:
1072:
1050:
1043:
1025:
1010:
995:
993:The Acts. 2.43
986:
977:
965:
946:(3): 469–489.
926:
912:
892:
880:
867:
858:
851:
828:
803:
791:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
747:
744:
734:on the summer
702:
699:
677:
676:Central portal
674:
668:
665:
628:
625:
599:
596:
582:
579:
551:Second Crusade
499:
496:
459:abbey of Cluny
420:King Louis VII
416:second crusade
356:Mary Magdalene
308:
305:
301:Mary Magdalene
271:Romanesque art
234:
233:
223:
214:
213:
207:
206:
205:
204:
194:
193:
184:
183:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
169:
137:
131:
130:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
60:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3076:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
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621:Second Coming
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555:Third Crusade
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2898:Via Tolasana
2897:
2747:
2734:
2669:
2565:
2439:Shared with
2433:Shared with
2411:Shared with
2405:Shared with
2383:Taputapuātea
2330:Loire Valley
2281:Pont du Gard
2272:Papal Palace
2221:Chauvet Cave
2067:
2027:
2023:
1851:
1088:
1082:
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1059:
1053:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1004:
998:
989:
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943:
939:
929:
917:. Retrieved
902:
895:
883:
875:
870:
861:
841:
823:
806:
794:
782:. Retrieved
777:
720:
687:
670:
661:
638:
613:Judgment Day
601:
592:
567:
559:King Richard
536:
524:
507:
501:
480:
474:
463:
448:
409:
397:
353:
329:Carolingians
324:
320:
310:
298:
287:
275:architecture
238:
237:
2713:(Périgueux)
2501:Switzerland
2429:Switzerland
2208:Centre East
2030:of Burgundy
617:Gislebertus
376:Middle Ages
317:Roman villa
251:Benedictine
160: /
135:Coordinates
90:Inscription
2998:Categories
2978:(Toulouse)
2728:(La Sauve)
2635:(Poitiers)
2606:(Bordeaux)
2600:(Bordeaux)
2594:(Bordeaux)
2170:South West
2133:Grande Île
2129:Strasbourg
740:clerestory
732:local noon
723:Franciscan
649:Ethiopians
641:Byzantines
607:lintel in
605:St. Lazare
470:Charles II
440:Whitsunday
381:pilgrimage
364:St-Maximin
333:Roussillon
299:Relics of
145:47°27′59″N
93:1979 (3rd
2827:(Moissac)
2803:(Conques)
2758:Monuments
2737:(Vézelay)
2704:(L'Épine)
2689:(Bourges)
2588:(Bayonne)
2399:and with
2270:Avignon:
960:0004-3079
812:cartulary
784:9 October
653:Jerusalem
645:Armenians
574:Ephesians
570:Pentecost
385:Huguenots
323:becoming
148:3°44′55″E
113:18,373 ha
80:Reference
2908:(Aniane)
2859:Sections
2791:(Cahors)
2785:(Cahors)
2582:(Aulnay)
2576:(Amiens)
2493:Slovenia
2489:Slovakia
2457:Bulgaria
2425:Slovenia
2397:region/s
2332:between
2137:Neustadt
2061:and its
2054:Le Havre
2028:terroirs
1020:Zodiaque
1005:Zodiaque
919:6 August
746:See also
736:solstice
512:Crusades
504:tympanum
444:Henry II
321:Vercelle
292:list of
71:Criteria
65:, France
63:Burgundy
58:Location
2683:(Bazas)
2629:(Paris)
2505:Ukraine
2485:Romania
2469:Germany
2461:Croatia
2449:Belgium
2445:Austria
2441:Albania
2435:Belgium
2417:Germany
2413:Austria
2401:Belgium
2034:Reims:
2024:Climats
1971:Provins
1089:Vézelay
878:, 2000.
820:Auxerre
655:to the
401:narthex
325:Vézelay
307:History
259:Vézelay
255:Cluniac
249:) is a
118:Website
95:Session
2920:(Auch)
2767:(Agen)
2481:Poland
2286:Orange
1956:Palace
1190:France
1180:France
1095:
1070:
1041:
958:
910:
849:
690:Christ
657:Seljuk
647:, and
581:Lintel
482:Carmen
410:Saint
337:Norman
290:UNESCO
243:French
105:183 ha
2720:Abbey
2497:Spain
2473:Italy
2421:Italy
2407:Spain
2119:Nancy
1966:Seine
1062:[
758:Notes
609:Autun
341:Cluny
313:abbey
263:Yonne
2503:and
2427:and
2336:and
2226:Lyon
2152:West
2112:and
2101:East
2026:and
1960:Park
1958:and
1093:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1039:ISBN
956:ISSN
921:2019
908:ISBN
847:ISBN
786:2021
518:and
502:The
426:and
360:monk
273:and
253:and
127:.org
102:Area
2063:Bay
948:doi
123:www
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2495:,
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2292:,
2288::
2264:,
2260:,
2256::
2135:,
2131::
2121::
2042:,
2038:,
968:^
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765:^
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285:.
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245::
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1101:.
1076:.
1047:.
950::
923:.
855:.
788:.
241:(
97:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
