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considerable damage on the other, with the
Iranians arguably achieving more, neither interdiction effort was particularly effective nor did they play a factor in the outcome of the war. Both sides pulled back their air forces to avoid mounting losses and with the reasoning that, while they might not play a role in winning the war, they could still be used to avoid defeat.
635:
The IQAF's interdiction efforts peaked during the first 45 days of the war, but later declined to more sporadic missions, increasing in conjunction with major offensives. Interdiction by the IIAF was more sustained through late 1980 but after mid-January 1981 also declined. While both sides caused
405:
By
December 1951, North Korea was able to repair rail cuts in less than six hours, bridges in two to four days, and other bomb damages fairly quickly. By May 1952, it was apparent that their supply efforts had increased support to their front-line troops despite the air attacks. By June, half of the
623:
to interdict the other side. For both sides this largely amounted to engaging in armed reconnaissance and attacking targets of opportunity, with few attacks on pre-planned targets. The IIAF did have the advantage of having superior munitions and tactical reconnaissance - possessing a squadron of
97:
air interdiction, depending on the objectives of the operation. Typical objectives in tactical interdiction are meant to affect events rapidly and locally, for example through direct destruction of forces or supplies en route to the active battle area. By contrast, strategic objectives are often
105:
and denotes the difference between their respective objectives. Close air support, as the name suggests, is directed towards targets close to friendly ground units, as closely coordinated air-strikes, in direct support of active engagement with the enemy. Deep air support or air interdiction is
245:
and means of production to a destruction of the railway routes to the intended landing areas. Once the landings were underway, the Allied tactical and strategic air forces were used to prevent the German strategic armoured reserves from being brought up to the coast and reinforce the divisions
458:
leaned into the concept of air interdiction."Air interdiction...is essential to the overall effectiveness of the Allies' military forces. Their role in supporting operations, on land and at sea, will require appropriate long-distance airlift and air refuelling capabilities. "
313:
and compel a German withdrawal. The strategic goal of the air assault was to eliminate or greatly reduce the need for a ground assault on the region. The Allies failed in the overly ambitious objective of the campaign, namely the forced withdrawal of German forces from the
667:
teams had been covertly inserted into western Iraq to aid in the search and destruction of Scuds. However, the lack of adequate terrain for concealment hindered their operations, and some of them were killed or captured such as occurred with the widely publicised
403:(AA) guns and crews towards the front line and placing them in higher concentrations around important targets, causing heavy casualties in the UN forces. Despite high losses, Operation Strangle destroyed 900 AA gun positions and damaged 443.
144:, prevent soldiers and matériel from reaching the battlefield. It can create systemic inefficiencies in the enemy's logistic system so that soldiers and matériel arrive at the battlefield more slowly or in an uneconomical manner.
77:
against enemy targets that are not an immediate threat, to delay, disrupt or hinder later enemy engagement of friendly forces. It is a core capability of virtually all military air forces, and has been conducted in conflicts since
662:
missile launchers, weapons research facilities, and naval forces. About one-third of the
Coalition airpower was devoted to attacking Scuds, some of which were on trucks and therefore difficult to locate. Some U.S. and British
106:
carried out further from the active fighting, based more on strategic planning and less directly coordinated with ground units. Despite being more strategic than close air support, air interdiction should not be confused with
318:, and did not curtail the flow of supplies but the air interdiction seriously complicated the German conduct of defensive operations and played a major role in the success of the subsequent Allied ground assault
1016:
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ground attack aircraft began operations, attacking ground forces. These were the first aircraft used against troops; previous strikes had targeted command and anti-aircraft infrastructure. Two
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nearly all supplies had to be moved by truck. Over the course of eight weeks, the Allies flew 21,000 sorties (388 per day) and dropped 22,500 tonnes of bombs. The operation employed
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broader and more long-term, with fewer direct attacks on enemy fighting capabilities, instead focusing on infrastructure, logistics and other supportive assets.
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At this point in the mission, the U.S. was responsible for 80% of air refueling, 75% of aerial surveillance hours and 100% of electronic warfare missions.
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Two principal interdiction lines were maintained across the narrow boot of Italy. This meant that no through trains were able to run from the
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889:
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513:. The operation began on 15 November 1968 and ended on 29 March 1972. The objective of the campaign was to prevent the transit of
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387:. Beginning in August 1951, the campaign's 87,552 interdiction sorties were credited with destroying 276 locomotives, 3,820
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The third and largest phase of the air campaign ostensibly targeted military targets throughout Iraq and Kuwait:
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North's anti-aircraft guns - 132 cannons and 708 automatic weapons - were posted along North Korea's railroads.
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from 19 March 1944 to 11 May 1944. Its aim was to prevent essential supplies from reaching German forces in
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943:(1995 The Stanle Sander ed.). New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc. p. 287.
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1069:"DOD News Briefing with Vice Adm. Gortney from the Pentagon on Libya Operation Odyssey Dawn"
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completed all assigned strike missions and left the area to return to its previous duties.
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8:
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was the first continuous bombing effort conducted against North
Vietnam since the end of
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was a sustained interdiction attack on North Korea's supplies and communications by the
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35:
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A 388th TFW SAM hunter-killer team refueling on its way to North
Vietnam, October 1972
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Operation 'Strangle', (Italy, Spring 1944): A Case Study of
Tactical Air Interdiction
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Its purpose was to halt or slow the transportation of supplies and materials for the
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The
Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts
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targeting intelligence - but their efforts largely mirrored that of the IQAF.
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Aerial
Interdiction: Air Power and the Land Battle in Three American Wars
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521:(the Truong Son Road to the North Vietnamese) that ran from southwestern
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286:, the Siena yards were bombed by Mediterranean Allied Air Force Bombers.
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517:(PAVN) personnel and supplies on the logistical corridor known as the
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Die
Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten
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875:
345:
1118:(in German). Vol. VIII. MĂĽnchen: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
258:
1346:
349:
1071:. U.S. Department of Defense (Public Affairs). 29 March 2011.
1211:, by Clifford Krieger. Aerospace Power Journal, Spring 1989.
274:
medium bombers on April 11 1944, On the alternate line from
267:
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Aerospace Power in the Twenty-First
Century: A Basic Primer
659:
619:(IQAF) made concerted efforts during the early days of the
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341:
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283:
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918:"World Battlefronts: BATTLE OF ITALY: Operation Strangle"
1102:; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard;
509:
aerial interdiction campaign that took place during the
340:
over a 150-square-mile (390 km) area from Rome to
293:
was a series of air interdiction operations during the
140:
before they can reach the battlefield, sever enemy's
132:
Air interdiction can cause the physical destruction or
82:. Aircraft that are used for this purpose are known as
854:
1017:"New air missions attack Kadhafi troops: Pentagon"
125:returning from an interdiction mission during the
940:The Korean War, 25 of June 1950 - 27 of July 1953
1540:
1043:"Ellsworth Airmen join Operation Odyssey Dawn"
653:Gulf War air campaign § Infrastructure bombing
237:In the lead up to the invasion of France, the
1236:
568:air interdiction campaign conducted against
1116:Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg
594:(PAVN) that had been launched on 30 March.
110:, which is unrelated to ground operations.
1243:
1229:
756:Operation Odyssey Dawn § 26 & 27 March
572:from 9 May to 23 October 1972, during the
1173:The Role of Airpower in the Iran-Iraq War
1170:
741:Learn how and when to remove this message
1179:
860:
545:
525:through the southeastern portion of the
257:
112:
29:
978:"The Alliance's 1991 Strategic Concept"
777:attacked undisclosed targets in Libya.
712:not related to the topic of the article
14:
1541:
1156:. Air Force Academy Colorado Sprints.
999:
997:
767:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II
301:by the Allied air forces to interdict
1224:
1045:. Rapid City Journal. 29 March 2011.
971:
969:
639:
328:to the front line, and that south of
101:The term deep air support relates to
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1132:
1075:from the original on 15 October 2012
1019:. AFP. 28 March 2011. Archived from
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414:
191:
151:
89:A distinction is often made between
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24:
1324:Airborne early warning and control
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243:destruction of the enemy air force
25:
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1202:
1049:from the original on 2 April 2011
399:countered the campaign by moving
395:, and 34,211 other vehicles. The
252:Operation Strangle (World War II)
229:Operation Strangle (World War II)
27:Offensive military flying mission
975:
754:This section is an excerpt from
699:
651:This section is an excerpt from
606:
538:This section is an excerpt from
482:This section is an excerpt from
418:
368:This section is an excerpt from
305:supply routes in Italy north of
250:This section is an excerpt from
195:
155:
1217:definition of air interdiction.
1180:Sallagar, F M (February 1972),
1091:
1061:
1035:
680:
370:Operation Strangle (Korean War)
363:Operation Strangle (Korean War)
187:
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924:magazine, Monday, May 8, 1944.
912:
881:
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13:
1:
1171:Bergquist, Ronald E. (1988).
851:Mark (1995), pp. 401–405
820:
721:or discuss this issue on the
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270:during Operation Strangle by
239:Allied strategic bomber force
1137:. DIANE Publishing Company.
65:), is the use of preventive
7:
793:
557:was the codename of a U.S.
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10:
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1003:Bergquist (1988), p. 61-62
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691:Operation Inherent Resolve
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582:(known in the West as the
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147:
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600:Operation Rolling Thunder
469:Operation Rolling Thunder
1106:; Wegner, Bernd (2007).
842:Chun (2001), pp. 131–132
833:Mark (1995), p. 1-6
775:Ellsworth Air Force Base
592:People's Army of Vietnam
590:by the North Vietnamese
515:People's Army of Vietnam
1175:. Air University Press.
963:Futrell, pp. 471 - 474.
894:United States Air Force
496:Operation Commando Hunt
484:Operation Commando Hunt
473:Operation Commando Hunt
1549:Aerial warfare tactics
1189:, The Rand Corporation
1152:Chun, Clayton (2001).
810:Ground attack aircraft
687:Operation Odyssey Dawn
586:), an invasion of the
551:
287:
241:was switched from the
142:lines of communication
129:
47:
1133:Mark, Eduard (1995).
927:Accessed 5 July 2008.
710:may contain material
646:Gulf War air campaign
549:
490:Further information:
261:
227:Further information:
116:
33:
937:Clay, Steve (1995).
890:"Operation Strangle"
719:improve this section
580:Nguyen Hue Offensive
555:Operation Linebacker
540:Operation Linebacker
477:Operation Linebacker
272:Martin B-26 Marauder
1394:Electronic warfare
1100:Frieser, Karl-Heinz
1023:on 17 February 2013
876:Frieser et al. 2007
233:Transportation Plan
1335:Counter-insurgency
640:Gulf War 1990-1991
552:
498:was a covert U.S.
430:. You can help by
383:forces during the
377:Operation Strangle
291:Operation Strangle
288:
266:railroad yards at
262:Aerial bombing of
207:. You can help by
167:. You can help by
130:
48:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1389:Close air support
1253:military aircraft
1104:Ungváry, Kristián
887:official website.
780:Attack submarine
751:
750:
743:
613:Iranian Air Force
602:in November 1968.
559:Seventh Air Force
519:Ho Chi Minh Trail
500:Seventh Air Force
448:
447:
225:
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185:
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108:strategic bombing
103:close air support
57:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
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1209:Air Interdiction
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320:Operation Diadem
295:Italian Campaign
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136:of soldiers and
67:tactical bombing
59:deep air support
51:Air interdiction
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18:Air Interdiction
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463:Vietnam War
450:During the
316:Gustav Line
80:World War I
1468:Non-combat
1444:Multi-role
1377:Pathfinder
1372:Penetrator
1288:Helicopter
1278:Fixed-wing
987:2023-11-21
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784:Providence
630:revolution
596:Linebacker
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357:Korean War
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38:bombs the
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611:Both the
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1543:Category
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